INSTITUT LATIHAN

KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA

SULTAN AZLAN SHAH PERAK

HEALTH SOCIOLOGY &

PSYCHOLOGY
(GCSP 2033)
PENULISAN : SUMMARY WRITING

NAMA : NUR AZRINA BINTI AMIR

NO. K/P / MATRIKS : 001119130246 / DPNS 1/2024(06)-0086
PROGRAM : DIPLOMA KEJURURAWATAN
TAJUK ARTIKEL : Mental disorders in Malaysia: an increase in lifetime
prevalence
NAMA PENGAJAR : ENCIK MOHD. SHAHEZAM BIN MOHAMED SUNAR
TARIKH PENGHANTARAN : 12 MARCH 2024
INTRODUCTION

Mental disorders are illnesses that impact behavior, emotion and cognition. They
significantly impair an adult’s capacity to operate in their family, at job, and in society at
large as well as infant’s capacity to learn (Hyman and others, 2006). Mental illnesses
frequently have a chronic, recurrent course and start early in life. To discuss further on
this illnesses, I have taken an article titled “Mental disorders in Malaysia: an increase in
lifetime prevalence”. In Malaysia, mental illnesses are becoming more common, and in
order to reduce this burden, there is a rising need to increase access to prompt and
effective mental healthcare. The Malaysian ministry of healthcare reported a threefold
increase in the prevalence of mental disorders among adults in 2015, with the highest
prevalence in the rural region of East Malaysia at 43%, followed by Kuala Lumpur at
40% (Raaj and others, 2021). This due to adverse socioeconomic conditions, increased
stigma, and limited access to healthcare. The article outlines legislative structure and
the challenges of providing mental healthcare and curing mental disorders in Malaysia.
The question is what are the effects of mental disorder to social, biology and lifestyle of
people.
BACKGROUND

Based on the article, awareness mental disorders requires an awareness of

psychological aspects. The particular function that psychological processes provide in
the biopsychosocial model. According to many interpretations, the biopsychosocial
model suggests that social, biological, and psychological elements all play equal roles in
the genesis of mental disorder (Kinderman, 2005). Rapid cultural and lifestyle changes
due to increased urbanization and globalization, and related increased levels of
perceived stress. In with regard to cultural changes, many continue to be impacted by
sustained economic difficulties, which contribute to social problems like changes in
traditional parenting styles and the structure of family units, marital separation and
increase in alcohol and drug use. Next, students aged 13 had the greatest rates of
suicidal behavior; 10% of them reported having suicidal thoughts, 9.0% had a suicidal
plan, and 10% had attempted suicide in the previous 12 months (Raaj and others, 2021).
The results might indicate that 13 year old pupils experience stress when they go from
elementary to secondary school which can lead them to have mental disorders.
DISCUSSION

In Malaysia, mental illness accounts for 8.6% of all disability-adjusted life years
(DALYs) and is one of the main cause of disability and health loss. The rising incidence
of mental illnesses in Malaysia is correlated with a greater financial burden; according to
an economic analysis, workplace mental health issues cost the Malaysian economy
Malaysian Ringgit 4.46 billion in 2018 (Raaj and others, 2021). According to the
Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual human development; the anal stage (1-3
years of age) which is the toilet training when the child must learn to regulate their
body’s needs and the outcome is dependent on the way of the parents lead the toilet
training (Capuzzi and others, 2016). Positive experiences at this stage of human
development, according to Freud, served as the foundation for adult’s development into
capable, successful, and creative while the negative experiences result in two primary
negative outcome. Next, according to Freud, if parents are overly indulgent, their child
may grow up to have an anal-expulsive personality, which is characterized by a
disorganized, extravagant, or destructive lifestyle. An anal-retentive personality,
characterized by strict, orderly, rigid, and obsessive behavior, develops in children
whose parents are very severe or who start potty training too early. Failure of a person
in this stage tends to get mental disorders, for example in the article state that the rural
regions have more adverse socioeconomic conditions, with higher poverty and
unemployment that can relate to anal-expulsive personality. In other way,
biopsychosocial model also play a role in which if someone stress they lead to
overthinking, they will feel dizziness and it will contribute to social lifestyle such as
increased marital separation. Hence, overthinking will triggers in the psycho sector,
feeling dizziness can triggers in the bio sector and social problem will effects in the
social sector.
CONCLUSION

Mental disorder can lead to negative impact for person which is can lead the
person to think about suicidal, increase in alcohol and drug use and overthinking thus
preventing daily activities. Deduction, society needs to give moral support to those who
suffer from mental disorders such as listening to their problem and those who suffer
from the disease can see a psychiatrist for initial or further treatment so that it does not
get worse.
REFERENCES

Capuzzi, D., Stauffer, M. D., & O'Niel, T. (2016). Theories of Human Development.
In Human growth and development across the lifespan: Applications for
counselors (pp. 25-54). John Wiley &
Sons. https://books.google.com/books/about/Human_Growth_and_Development_
Across_the.html?id=QdU9CgAAQBAJ

Hyman, S., Chisholm, D., Kessler, R., Patel, V., & Whiteford, H. (2006). Mental
disorders. In Disease control priorities related to mental, neurological,
developmental and substance abuse disorders (pp. 1-20). World Health
Organization. https://books.google.com.my/books?hl=en&lr=&id=zsVMBTF8vREC
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6n4SpgU_lVKlE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=mental%20disorders&f=false

Kinderman, P. (2005). A psychological model of mental disorder. Harvard Review of

Psychiatry, 13(4), 206-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/10673220500243349

Raaj, S., Navanathan, S., Tharmaselan, M., & Lally, J. (2021). Mental disorders in
Malaysia: An increase in lifetime prevalence. BJPsych International, 18(4), 97-
99. https://doi.org/10.1192/bji.2021.4