‫ﺍﻷﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻻﻫﺗﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﻘﻳﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻑ ﻋﻠﻣﺎ ﻭﻋﻣﻼ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻭﷲ ﻟﻡ ﻳﺭﺳﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻡ ﻳﻧﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺏ ﺇﻻ ﻷﺟﻝ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺣﻳﺩ ﻭﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ ﺇﻟﻳﻪ ؛ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺯﻭﺟﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻁـٰﻐُﻭﺕَۖ { ] ﺍﻟﻧﺣﻝ ‪[ 36 :‬‬
‫} ﻭَ َﻟ َﻘﺩۡ َﺑ َﻌﺛۡﻧَﺎ ﻓِﯽ ُﻛﻝِّ ﺃُ ﱠﻣ ࣲﺔ ﺭﱠﺳُﻭﻻً ﺃَﻥِ ٱﻋۡ ُﺑﺩُﻭﺍ۟ ٱ‪2‬ﱠَ ﻭَٱﺟۡ َﺗ ِﻧﺑُﻭﺍ۟ ٱﻟ ﱠ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺗﺳﺗﻔﺗﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻝ ﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺃﻗﻭﺍﻣﻬﻡ ﻗﻭﻟﻬﻡ – ﻛﻣﺎ ﺣﻛﻰ ﷲ ﻋﺯﻭﺟﻝ ﻋﻧﻬﻡ ‪َ } : -‬ﻳـٰ َﻘﻭۡﻡِ ٱﻋۡ ُﺑﺩُﻭﺍ۟ ٱ‪2‬ﱠَ ﻣَﺎ َﻟﻛُﻡ‬
‫ﻏﻳۡﺭُﻩُۥۤ { ] ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﻑ ‪[ 59 :‬‬
‫ِّﻣﻥۡ ﺇِ َﻟـٰ ٍﻪ َ‬

‫ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻳﺩﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻣﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻭﺍﺋﺏ ﻓﺻﺎﺣﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺔ ﻻﻣﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺭﺗﻛﺑﺎ ﻟﻠﻛﺑﺎﺋﺭ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺎﺋﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﷲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎء ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﺫﺑﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺛﻡ ﺃﺩﺧﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺔ ﺑﺗﻭﺣﻳﺩﻫﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺑﻝ ﺫﺍﻟﻙ ﺑﻔﺿﻠﻪ ﻭﻛﺭﻣﻪ ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎء ﷲ ﷻ ﻋﻔﻰ ﻋﻧﻬﻡ ؛ ﻓﻬﻲ – ﻭﺍﻳﻡ ﷲ – ﺍﻟﻧﺟﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺻﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻠﺗﻭﺣﻳﺩ ﻓﺿﺎﺋﻝ ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺓ ﻻﺗﺧﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﷲ ﷻ ؛ ﻓﻣﻥ ﻓﺿﺎﺋﻠﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻣﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ ﻣﻧﻪ ﺃﺩﻧﻰ ﻣﺛﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺑﺔ ﺧﺭﺩﻝ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﺎﻁﻧﺔ ﻣﺗﻭﻓﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺑﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﻣﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺛﻭﺍﺏ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ – ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺣﻳﺩ ؛‬
‫ﻓﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﻗﻭﻱ ﻛﻣﻠﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻳﺟﺏ ﻋﻠﻳﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻬﺗﻡ ﺑﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻧﻭﻟﻳﻪ ﺍﻫﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺍ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﻓﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺩﻩ ﺃﺧﻑ ﻭﺃﺳﻬﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳُﺿﻣﻥ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﺎﺑﻌﺩﻩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺻﻝ ﻓﺎﺳﺩﺍ ﻓﻼ ﺍﻧﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﻻﺻﻼﺡ ﻭﻻﻗﺑﻭﻻ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻫﺗﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺑﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﺍﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﺣﻖ ﻣﺎﺍﻋﺗﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻠﻡ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻗﺗﻔﺎء ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻧﺑﻳﻪ ﷺ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺟﺳﻳﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺗﻁﺎﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﺍﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺳﺑﻳﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺳﻌﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻠﻡ ﻷﺟﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺣﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻭﺻﻠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺧﺭَ ﻭَﺫَ َﻛﺭَ ٱ‪2‬ﱠَ َﻛﺛِﻳﺭࣰﺍ {‬
‫ﺳ َﻧ ࣱﺔ ِّﻟﻣَﻥ ﻛَﺎﻥَ َﻳﺭۡﺟُﻭﺍ۟ ٱ‪2‬ﱠَ ﻭَٱﻟۡ َﻳﻭۡﻡَ ٱﻟۡـ‪a‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺣ َ‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﺯﻭﺟﻝ‪ } :‬ﱠﻟ َﻘﺩۡ ﻛَﺎﻥَ َﻟ ُﻛﻡۡ ﻓِﯽ ﺭَﺳُﻭﻝِ ٱ‪2‬ﱠِ ﺃُﺳۡﻭَﺓٌ َ‬
‫]ﺍﻷﺣﺯﺍﺏ ‪ ، [21 :‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺃﺻﻝ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﺳﻲ ﺑﺭﺳﻭﻝ ﷲ ﷺ ﺑﺄﻗﻭﺍﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺃﺣﻭﺍﻟﻪ ﻭﺣﺭﻛﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻛﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺷﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﻣﻥ ﻭﻣﻧﺯﻟﺗﻪ ﺇﻧﻣﺎﺗﻘﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺗﺑﺎﻋﻪ ﷺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺣﺭﻳﻪ ﻟﻠﺳﻧﺔ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﻖ ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧﺧﻌﻲ ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻧﻭﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺗﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﺟﻝ ﻟﻳﺄﺧﺫﻭﺍ ﻋﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻧﻅﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﻧﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﻳﺋﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻡ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺧﺫﻭﻥ ﻋﻧﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻥ ﻋﻣﺭ – ﺭﺿﻲ ﷲ ﻋﻧﻬﻣﺎ – ﻳﺗﺑﻊ ﺃﻣﺭ ﺭﺳﻭﻝ ﷲ ﷺ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻬﺗﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺧﻳﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻫﺗﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺫﺍﻟﻙ‪ .‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺭﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻭ ﻧﻌﻳﻡ ﻭﻏﻳﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻑ ﻳﺷﺩﺩﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺭﻙ ﺑﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻠﻭﻣﻭﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻛﻬﺎ ﻣﻁﻠﻘﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺩ ﻳﺗﻧﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﻋﻣﻭﻡ ﻗﻭﻟﻪ ﷺ ‪} :‬ﻓﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻏﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺳﻧﺗﻲ ﻓﻠﻳﺱ ﻣﻧﻲ{‬

‫ﻓﻠﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺣﻣﺩ‪" :‬ﻣﻥ ﺗﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺗﺭ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺭﺟﻝ ﺳﻭء‪ ،‬ﻻﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺑﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻛﻝ ﻣﺎﺛﺑﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺳﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻭﻝ ﷺ ﻧﺳﻌﻰ ﺳﻌﻳﺎ ﺷﺩﻳﺩﺍ ﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﻧﺎﺱ؛ ﻟﻌﻝ ﷲ ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻬﺑﻧﺎ ﺃﺟﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺃﺣﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻥ‪.‬‬