Gujarat Science - Grade X

Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 80

Instructions

1. Write in a clear legible handwriting.

2. This question paper has four Sections A, B, C & D and Question
Numbers from 1 to 39,
3. All questions are compulsory. There are only internal options.
4. The numbers to the right represent the marks of the question.
5. Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary.
6. New sections should be written in a new page. Write the answers in
numerical order. 6)

Science

SECTION - A

Answer the following Questions (Q.No. 1 to 16). Each question carries 1

mark. [16]

Answer the following multiple choice questions by selecting the

appropriate option.

1) Water is removed when substance 'X' is heated, as well as its colour changes
from green, then substance X =
(A) CaSO4
(B) CuSO4
(C) FeSO4
(D) BaSO4
Answer: (C)
On heating, ferrous sulphate crystals lose water and anhydrous ferrous sulphate
(FeSO4) is formed. So their colour changes from light green to white.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

2) Name of the below compound from its structure.

(A) Ethane
(B) Ethanol
(C) Ethene
(D) Propanol
Answer: (B)
Name of the compound shown in the picture is Ethanol.

3) Which is not part of human female reproductive system, as mention below?

(A) Ovary
(B) Uterus
(C) Fallopian tube
(D) Vas deferens
Answer: Option (D) Vas deferens is part of the male reproductive system that is
present posterior to the testis. It is a sperm duct that carries spermatozoa in
anticipation of ejaculation.

4) To check Ohm’s law, teacher says students to join circuit and students join
circuit as below.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Teacher asked question to students. Which component is not properly

connected in circuit?
(A) Voltmeter
(B) Resistance
(C) Ammeter
(D) Battery

Ans: Ammeter

An ammeter is connected in series in a circuit and a voltmeter is connected in

parallel. Proper connection of ammeter is shown in figure given below.

Fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

(one true statement carries 1 mark)

5) Number of maximum electrons in any orbit is depend on __________ formula.

Answer: 2n2
The formula to find the maximum number of electrons that can be
accommodated in a shell = 2n2 where ‘n’ is the number of the given shell from the
nucleus.

6) Plasmodium, divide into many daughter cells simultaneously by ___________.

Answer: Multiple fission.

 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Plasmodium reproduces through multiple fission where one single cell divides its
nucleus to form many nuclei.This is followed by the division of the cell body to
form daughter cells, each having a single nuclei.

7) Prakash Padukone was player of badminton as well as he is father of famous

actress Deepika Padukone, neither game or acting is part of heredity because
there is no change in reproductive cells of ______________.

Answer: Daughter.

Learning behaviours or experiences do not pass through sex.

8) _________________ is used to measure the Power of lens.

Answer: Dioptremeter

The power of a lens is measured by an instrument known as a dioptremeter

Mention given below statements are true or false.

9) There is a single bond present between carbon-carbon atoms of unsaturated

hydrocarbon. [1]

Answer: False
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that have double or triple covalent
bonds between adjacent carbon atoms.

10) Sexual reproduction involves two individuals for the creation of a new
individuals. [1]

Answer: True
A process where two parents participate in producing their offspring, reproducing sexually gives the
benefit of variation and offsprings are unique.

11) Solar cookers achieve a higher temperature by using convex mirror to focus
the rays of the sun. [1]

Answer: False

The concave mirror is used in the solar cooker. It converges the light rays to a
single point.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Answer the following questions in short (10 to 20 Words)

12. Write periodic law of Mendeleev. [1]

Answer:

According to Mendeleev's periodic law, the physical and chemical properties of

elements are the periodic function of their atomic weights.

13. Write the chemical name of substance which is used by doctor to cure bone
fracture. [1]

Answer:

Plaster of Paris (Calcium Sulphate hemihydrate) is a white colour powder

popularly used in fracture cases by the Orthopaedics.

14. Three students Salman, Suresh and Shivani has different mirrors as below.

Three students try to get an image on screen, who gets success?

Answer:

The images that can be obtained on screen are known as real image. Concave
mirrors are the only type of mirror that can produce both real and virtual images.
So, only Shivani will successfully get an image on a screen because she has a
concave mirror.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

15) By which programme, succeeded in forging an agreement to freeze CFC

production at 1986 levels. [1]

Answer: UNEP(United Nations Environment Programme) succeeded in forging an

agreement to freeze CFC production at 1986 levels.

16) What is "Bio-diversity"? [1]

Answer: Biodiversity describes the richness and variety of life on earth. It refers to
variabilities among plants, animals and microorganism species.

SECTION - B

Answer the following Questions (Q.No. 17 to 26) in short (Almost 40 to 50

words). Each question carries 2 marks.

17) Write the chemical reaction of zinc metal and dil. H2SO4. In this reaction H2
gas is produced but reaction between zinc metal and dil. HNO3 not produce H2
gas. Why? [2]

Answer: Nitric acid is a very strong oxidising agent and hence it leads to the
addition of oxygen to another substance. Thus when hydrogen is formed due to
addition of nitric acid on zinc metal it oxidises hydrogen to water and thus the
reaction becomes,

3Zn + 8HNO3 → 3Zn(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO

18) Write the four physical properties of metals. [2]

Answer:

1. Metals are solid at room temperature

2. Metals are malleable
3. Metals are ductile
4. Metals are good conductor of heat and electricity
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

19) Give scientific reason: "Metalic characteristics in a group are increase as we

go top to down in modern periodic table". [2]

Answer: Metallic character is governed by the tendency of an element to lose

an electron easily. As we go down the group, the size of atoms increases. Due to
this the nuclear force of attraction on the electrons in the outermost shell
decreases, because of which they can be easily lost. Therefore, metallic
character increases down the group.

OR
What were the limitation of Döbereiner's classification.

Answer:

(A) Atomic mass of the three elements of some triads are almost same.

e.g.Fe, Co, Ni

(B) It was restricted to few elements, therefore discarded

20) Give difference: Arteries - Veins. [2]

Answer: 1. Arteries are involved in carrying oxygenated blood except for pulmonary
arteries whereas Veins are involved in carrying deoxygenated blood except for pulmonary
veins. 2. Arteries Carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body whereas
veins Carry blood towards the heart from the various parts of the body.

OR
Write a note on excretion in plants.

Answer: Plants do not have any special organs for waste removal.

1. Most of the waste like oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour that is
produced by photosynthesis and respiration are removed through stomata
in leaves and lenticels in the stem.
2. Shedding of leaves and barks are another method of waste removal in
plants.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination
3. Wastes are also removed by resins, gum, and rubber.

21) How does our body respond when adrenaline is secreted into the blood?
[2]

Answer: Adrenaline is usually released into the bloodstream and has many key
functions such as increasing blood pressure, increasing heart rate, enlargement
of pupils, expanding the lung airways, redistributing blood into the muscles, and
maximizing blood glucose levels primarily to the brain.

22) An electric bulb is rated 220 V and 100 W. When it is operated on 110 V find
power.

Answer:

We know that Power is given as:

P=VI
Given: P = 100 W at V = 220 V
𝑃 100 𝑊
⇒𝐼 = 𝑉
= 220 𝑉
Then at V = 110 V, power P = ?
100
𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 = 220
× 110 = 50 𝑊

23) Give reason: It is necessary to earthing electric appliances.

Or
Give difference: AC current-DC current.

Answer:

When the body of an electrical device is connected to the Earth that is at zero
potential by a wire it is called earthing.
An electrical device may be damaged or have some faulty connection. When this
happens, if a person touches the device, the electricity will pass through the
person to the ground which leads to health hazards and can even cause death.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

In order to make sure that the electricity has a different path to the ground, the
earthing is done.
In other words, earthing is a process done to conduct the excess electricity
flowing through the body of an electrical device. It is done as a safety feature to
avoid injury to the people.
Or

Alternating Current Direct Current

AC is easy to be transferred over longer DC cannot be transferred over a very

distances – even between two cities – long distance. It loses electric power.
without much energy loss.

The rotating magnets cause the change The steady magnetism makes DC flow
in direction of electric flow. in a single direction.

The frequency of AC is dependent upon DC has no frequency or zero frequency.

the country. But, generally, the frequency
is 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

In AC the flow of current changes its It flows in a single direction steadily.

direction forward and backward
periodically.

Electrons in AC keep changing their Electrons only move in one direction –

directions – backward and forward. forward.

24) Explain Tyndall effect with example.

 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Answer: When a beam of light passes through a colloid, the colloidal particles
present in the solution do not allow the beam to completely pass through. The
light collides with the colloidal particles and is scattered (it deviates from its
normal trajectory, which is a straight line). This scattering makes the path of the
light beam visible.
When a beam of light enters a smoke-filled dark room through a small hole, then
its path becomes visible to us. The tiny dust particles present in the air of room
scatter the beam of light all around the room. Thus, scattering of light makes the
particles visible. Tyndall effect can also be observed when sunlight passes
through a canopy of a dense forest. Here, tiny water droplets in the mist scatter
light.

25) What is decomposer? What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem?

Answer: Decomposers are micro-organisms that digest things that are dead or
decaying and turn the dead plants and animals into humus.

1. Decomposers in ecosystems act as environmental cleaners by decaying dead

plants and animals.
2. They aid in the recycling of nutrients.
3. They make room for a new life in the biosphere by decaying the dead.
4. They contribute to the reintroduction of different elements into moisture, soil, and
air for reuse by producers such as crop plants.

26). What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment
friendly?
Answer: We can include the following habits to become more environment
friendly:

1. Applying the principle of 3R’s, that is to Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

2. Turning off electrical appliances when not in use.
3. Saving water by turning off running taps when not in use.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination
4. Planting more trees and spreading awareness of deforestation.
5. Using local transport, bicycles, and minimizing the use of personal vehicles to
reduce air pollution.
6. Using an alternative for plastics like carrying our bags to markets to avoid plastic
bags.

Or
Suggest four approaches towards the conservation of forests

Answer: Some measures that can be taken to conserve forests include:

● Planting of trees to combat deforestation.

● Placement of security forces in forests to prevent the poaching and smuggling of
forest resources.
● Incorporating steps to protect the forest dwellers without disturbing their
lifestyles.
● Avoiding the conversion of forest land into roads, buildings, and dams.
● Controlling forest fires
● Proper utilization of forest resources.

SECTION - C

Answer the following Questions (Q.No. 27 to 34) in brief (Max. 60 to

words). Each question carries 3 marks.

27) Describe a combination reaction with examples.

Answer: A reaction in which a single product is formed from two or more

reactants is known as a combination reaction.

For Example:

2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

C + O2 → CO2

28) Write the preparation and uses of bleaching powder.

Answer:

1. Preparation of Bleaching Powder

Bleaching powder is synthesized by the action of chlorine gas (produced from the
chlor-alkali process) on dry slaked lime (Ca(OCl2)).

Ca(OH)2+ Cl2 → Ca(OCl2) + H₂O

2. Uses of Bleaching Powder

● It is used for bleaching dirty clothes in the laundry and as a bleaching

agent for cotton and linen in the textile industry.
● It is a strong oxidizing agent, hence used as an oxidizer in many industries.
● It is used as a disinfectant which is used for disinfecting water to make
potable water.

OR
Complete the following chemical reactions:
i) NaCl(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) + NH3(g) →
ii) CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) →
iii) 2NaOH(aq) + Zn(s) →
Answer:
i) NaCl(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) + NH3(g) → NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
ii) CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) → 2CaHCO3
iii) 2NaOH(aq) + Zn(s) → Na2ZnO2 + H2

29) Describe electrolytic refining of copper with figure.

Answer:
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

In an electrolytic chamber, a block of impure copper is taken as an anode or

positive electrode.

Copper sulfate which is acidified with sulphuric acid is used as a graphite-coated

electrolyte along with pure copper tubes, as a cathode or negative electrode. In
this phase of electrolysis copper sulfate divides into a positive ion of copper
Cu++) and a negative ion of sulfate (SO42—).

The positive copper ion (Cu++) or cations travel towards the negative electrode
made of pure copper where it absorbs the electrons from the cathode. Cu atom is
deposited on the cathode’s graphite layer. The cathode is coated with graphite in
the process of electrolytic metal processing or merely electro grinding so that the
concentrated material can be easily removed.

30) Draw the structure of the neuron and explain its function.

Answer:
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

The neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. The three
major parts are the cell body (soma), dendrites, and axons.

Cell body (soma): Cytoplasm, cell organelles, and Nissl's granules are all found
in the cell body. The cell body houses the genetic material, and supplies energy
to drive activities.

Dendrites: Dendrites are short fibers that branch out from the cell body
repeatedly and include Nissl's granules as well. Dendrites transmit impulses
toward the cell body.

Axons: The axon is a branching fiber with a long distal end. Each branch ends in
a synaptic knob, a bulb-like structure. Nerve impulses are transmitted from the
cell body to a synapse through axons. Axons come in two varieties: myelinated
and non-myelinated. Schwann cells surround the myelinated nerve fibers,
creating a myelin sheath around the axon. Nodes of Ranvier are the spaces
between two neighboring myelin sheaths.

31) How is the sex of the child determined in human beings? Explain.

Answer:
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

As the figure shows, half the children will be boys and half will be girls. All
children will inherit an X chromosome from their mother regardless of whether
they are boys or girls. Thus, the sex of the children will be determined by what
they inherit from their father. A child who inherits an X chromosome from her
father will be a girl, and one who inherits a Y chromosome from him will be a boy.

OR

What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of evolution.

Answer: When organisms die, their bodies will decompose and be lost. But
every once in a while, the body or at least some parts may be in an environment
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

that does not let it decompose completely. If a dead insect gets caught in hot
mud, for example, it will not decompose quickly, and the mud will eventually
harden and retain the impression of the body parts of the insect. All such
preserved traces of living organisms are called fossils.

Fossils' relation with evolution-

1. Fossils tell about the ancient organisms' life and their evolution on earth
millions of years ago.
2. Fossils are direct evidence of evolution. It tells about the life found on
ancient earth.
3. By studying fossil records, palaeontologists reveal the connecting link
between different organisms of the past and present.
4. The fossils present in the different layers of earth determine the age of the
organisms.
5. The fossils found deeper down are older as compared to the fossils that
are found in the upper layers of the Earth.
6. The fossils found in the deeper layer of the earth are old fossils and are
found in the shallow layer are newer fossils.
7. Fossils give an idea about the condition of Earth in that time or era.
8. Palaeontologists calculate the age of fossils by the process called carbon
dating.

32) Describe formation of rainbow with figure.

OR
A student has difficulty in reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row.
What could be the defect the child is suffering from? How can it be corrected?
Explain with figure.

Answer:
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

When sunlight splits due to water drops suspended in air, causing the band of
seven colours is called rainbow. Water droplets acts as tiny prism in the sky. The
sunlight when enters these tiny droplets undergo internal reflection and also
refract these rays which are dispersed causing a band of seven colours called
rainbow. Rainbow is always formed in the direction opposite to the sun.

OR

The student is suffering from myopia or short-sightedness, that causes distant

objects to appear blurred, while close objects can be seen clearly.
Myopia is corrected by using a concave lens which is placed in front of a myopic
eye, moving the image back to the retina and making it clearer

33)
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

An electric lamp, whose resistance is 25Ω and a conductor of unknown

resistance (𝑅1) are connected to a 12V battery. If 0.4 A current passing through
circuit. Find unknown resistance and voltage at two ends of bulb as well as the
ends of unknown resistance.

Answer:

Given, V = 12V
I = 0.4 A
Unknown resistance = 𝑅1
Resistance of lamp = 𝑅2 = 25Ω
Total resistance = R = V/I = 12/0.4 = 30Ω
Total resistance = R = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
30Ω = 𝑅1+ 25Ω
𝑅1 = 30Ω - 25Ω = 5Ω
Unknown resistance = 𝑅1 = 5Ω

Voltage at two ends of unknown resistance = 𝑉1 = 𝐼 𝑅1 = 0. 4 × 5 = 2𝑉

Voltage at two ends of bulb = 𝑉2 = 𝐼 𝑅2 = 0. 4 × 25 = 10𝑉

34) Answer the following questions:

 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

i) State the principle of solar cell.

Answer:

Solar cells use the photovoltaic effect to immediately transform light energy into
electrical energy. Solar cells, often known as photovoltaic cells, have been
created using the photovoltaic effect.

ii) Why are we looking at alternate source of energy?

Answer:

Because fossil fuels are being used at large scale and they are non renewable
sources of energy, they will disappear after some time. After the depletion of non
renewable sources of energy we will be left with nothing, hence we are trying to
develop alternate sources of energy.

35) Answer the following questions:

(i) Explain esterification reaction with example.
(ii) What is addition reaction? Explain with example.
Answer:
(i) Esters are formed by reaction of an acid and an alcohol. Ethanoic acid reacts
with absolute ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst to give an ester.

CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5

(ii) Unsaturated hydrocarbons add hydrogen in the presence of catalysts such as

palladium or nickel to give saturated hydrocarbons. These reactionsa are known
as Addition reactions.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

OR
What is Covalent bond? Explain Covalent bond in methane and nitrogen
molecules with figure.

Answer: A covalent bond is formed by equal sharing of electrons from both

the participating atoms. The pair of electrons participating in this type of
bonding is called shared pair or bonding pair. The covalent bonds are also
termed as molecular bonds.

Methane: It is a tetrahedral molecule which has four equivalent C-H bonds.

Nitrogen molecule: Two nitrogen atoms are bound together by a triple bond.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

36) What is excretion? Draw human excretory system and describe its structure.

Answer:

The biological process involved in the removal of these harmful metabolic wastes
from the body is called excretion.

Human excretory system:

(a) In humans, the excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of
ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
(b) Kidneys are two bean shaped organs lying at the back of the abdomen, one
on either side of the vertebral column. Waste products from the blood and urine
are removed by the kidney.
(c) A Nephron is the basic filtration unit of the kidney. It is a cluster of thin walled
blood capillaries.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

(d) The urine produced by filtering the blood is transported to the urinary bladder.
This is done by a pair of ureters. Ureters are long muscular tubes.
(e) Urinary bladder is a muscular bag-like structure which can hold urine. The
urinary bladder is under the control of nerves. When the bladder is full one gets
the urge to urinate.
(f) This urine is thrown out of the body through urethra.

37) Explain with figure female Reproductive system.

Answer:

Ovaries - act as the main female sex organs that produce the female gamete
and various hormones. These organs are situated on both the side of the lower
abdomen.

Uterus - A uterus is also called the womb. It is a muscular, inverted pear-shaped

organ of the female reproductive system. The walls of the uterus are attached to
the pelvic wall which then opens into the vagina from a narrow cervix. The
cervical canal along with the vagina creates the birth canal. The vagina is a
muscular tube which starts at the lower end of the uterus to the outside.

Fallopian Tubes - Fallopian tubes are a pair of muscular tubes and

funnel-shaped structures, extend from the right and left of the superior corners of
the uterus to the edge of the ovaries.

Vagina - The vagina is a muscular and elastic tube that connects the cervix to
the external body. It functions as the receptacle for the penis in sexual
intercourse and delivers sperm to the fallopian tubes and uterus. It also acts as a
birth canal by expanding to allow delivery of the fetus during childbirth.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

38) Explain with figure refraction through a rectangular glass Slab and State laws
of refraction.

Answer:

On entering into the glass medium light ray bends towards the normal that is light
ray gets refracted on entering the glass medium. After getting refracted this ray
now travels through the glass slab and comes out of the glass slab by refraction
from the other interface boundary. Since ray goes from glass medium to air it
again gets refracted and bends away from normal. The incident ray and the
emergent ray are parallel to each other.

i is the angle of incidence, r is the angle of refraction and e is the angle of

emergence. Angle of incidence and angle of emergence are equal as emergent
ray and incident ray are parallel to each other. When a light ray is incident
normally to the interface of two media then there is no bending of the light ray
and it goes straight through the medium.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Laws of refraction:

1. At the point of incidence, the incident ray, refracted ray, and normal to the
interface of two media all lie on the same plane.
2. The sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction ratio
is constant. Snell's law of refraction is another name for this.

39) What is Solenoid ? Discuss the characteristics of magnetic field generated

from a current-carrying solenoid coil with figure.

OR

Explain the underlying principle and construction of an AC electric generator by

drawing a labelled diagram.

Answer:

A helical coil consisting of closely wound turns of insulated copper (conducting )

wire is called a solenoid .
When an electric current is passed through the solenoid , it produces a magnetic
field through and around it .
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

The pattern of magnetic field lines of the magnetic field through and around a
current carrying solenoid is shown in figure

The magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid similar to that

produced by a bar magnet.
(1) Directly proportional to the current I flowing through it , i.e., B ∝ I

(2) Directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length n of the solenoid
𝑁
i.e., B ∝ n or B ∝ 𝐼
, where , N = total no . of turns of the solenoid and l = length of the solenoid .

(3) Dependent on the nature of the " core material " used in making the solenoid .
( Use of soft iron rod as core in a solenoid increases the strength of magnetic
field ).

OR

Principle: An electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic

induction phenomenon. According to it, whenever a coil is rotated between the
poles of a magnet, an induced current is set up in the coil, whose direction is
given by Fleming’s right hand rule.
 Gujarat Science - Grade X
Solution for 2022-23 Examination

Working: As shown in Fig. brushes B1 and B2 are kept pressed separately on

rings R1 and R2 respectively. Let the axle attached to the rings is rotated such
that arm AB of the coil moves up and arm CD moves down in the magnetic field.
Due to rotation of arms AB and CD induced currents are set up in them. As per
Fleming’s right-hand rule induced currents in these arms are along the directions
AB and CD. Thus an induced current flows along ABCD and current in the
external circuit flows from B2 and B1.

After half a rotation, arm AB starts moving down and the arm CD upward.
Therefore, directions of induced currents in these arms change. Thus net
induced current now becomes DCBA. In the external circuit now current flows
from B1 and B2. Thus after every half rotation current changes its direction and
an alternating current is obtained from the generator.