amunization a person develops antibodies without going through an active proce > antigens are introduced into the body in a risk free manner. These anti Lome eTiganisms, live attenuated virus or some part of the organism _ objectives of Immunization \gtimnal Immunization programme has been started in India since 1978. It was expanded 1.1985 under Universal Immunization programme to protect the children by 2000 AD. following are the two important objectives of Immunization: - + To reduce the mortality and morbidly due to diphtheria, pertusis, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis and measles among children. + Toachieve self-sufficiency in the production of vaccines. How will you protect the child from various childhood diseases? The resistance power of the children is low compared to adult. So they are prone to various pes of infection therefore maximum degree of protection should be given to the child. Therefore immunization of the child should be done at an age just before the period of greater risk and when immune mechanism can be stimulated best. IBCG: It is prepared from live attenuated M. Tubercle (Bovine) bacillus. A. Preparation: It is dispensed in vails in lyophilized state- B. Route of Administration: It is given intradermaly. C.Site: Given on the deltoid muscles, Papute with in duration after 3 weeks, pustule after 6108 weeks and scar by 3 months. D. Dose: Below 4 weeks of age: 0.05 ml. Above 4 weeks of age: 0.1 ml. Contains 3 millions of bacilli. E. Age and target population: The acs a be giver Indie BCG ie iministered soon after PIN All neonates and infants upto 7 en negative maybe imarunized only iethey are tt Toulin negaeve. nat birth or at any time thereafter. In should be immunized. Older childrenComplications Local Lymphadenitis . © Severe ulcezation © Cold abscess. © Fever © Disseminated TH, Other uses «Tis given tor prevention of leprosy © For diagnosis of TB © Immunotherapy of certain aglobulinemia, malignancy. malignancies. Contraindications: Agamm Ul, Polio Vaccine A. Sabin Vaccine: The polio vaccine is the live attenuated Sabin vaccine, conn: known as OPY {oral polio vaccine). It gives nearly 100% protection. It gives gut ime and prevents spread of wild virus and provides humoral and gut antibodies. [1i,-_ convenient to give. om Storage OPV retains its patency for 3 months if stored at 2 degree to 10 d for 1 year if stored at 10 degree C. Ii should be kept in one of compartments hems and not in the door shelf, nor in the freezer, " B. Salk Vaccine: It is parenteral, killed vaccine, given intramuscularly, It is given inspec: circumstaaces only. , Schedule: ss primary dose - 6 to 12 weeks of age. ite ae - 4 to 8 weeks after 1st dose. y dose 7 eeks Erotcrdaes 4to 8 weeks after 2nd dose. st - 18 to 24 months of age. ae 0 exposed to sunlight, it must be given within 15 minutes after opet"3 not be given to individuals proven or suspected to be immune a Side Effects; More 1D percent suffer f fon 80 percent children do not suffer from any side effes® IU. DPT rexia, fever, malaise and diarrhea of short duration. Vaccine (Tripte vaccine): It is “Contents; * Diphtheria Toxoid ” homed Toxoid erlusis Toxoid, given against Diphtheria, Tetanus ard pert Route of. Administration Its given ji Cularly in 5] of the thigh Blven intramuscularly j the lateral pect y tal a: igh.6 to 8 weeks of age. - 4weeks after the Ist dose 4 weeks after Ist dose - 18 to 24 months of age. conti an acute fel overe re History of cory prile illness. action to a prior dose. wuisions. ical deficit. ory infection is not a contraindication. a AS « Neure slog fino respirat Reactions: Local swelling, tenderne Shock like syndrome. Neurologic reactions are convulsions, encephalopathy, with brain damage. vaccine is same as DPT vaceine but is does not content pertusis. Itis he age of 5 years or at entry into school. slight fever, and irritability. IV, DT Vaccine: The administered at # Fig. 4.62: National immunization schedule CS Cees ae Ee eset Tt Atbith BCG 0.05 ml intradermal opv 2 drops Oral Potio Hepatitis B 0.5 mi iM Hepatitis B 1% months BCG {if not given at 0.5m! intradermal 1B birth) 0.5 mi IM Diphtheria, Pertusis. DPT-1 2 drops Oral Tetanus opv-' 0.5 mi IM Palio Hepatitis B-1 Hepatitis B 2% month opT-2 0.5 ml IM Diphtheria. Pertusis, opv2 2 drops Orat Tetanus Hepatitis B-2 0.6 mi iM Pollo Hepatitis 8 CanPoa osm 2 draps 3 tsmanihs oa osm Sulrewtonsous ths iawn ty ral 2 months " iu oem aon DPT Booster! 2 drops Oral venine PY (Booste"? 2 takh Oral Fi months Vira iBroste') 05m Subcutaneous Night, Measies (Boosie went i Obie, a opr osm iM an ‘ Orne osm IM Tame years qt osm Im Teas $6 years rm osm) IM Tetanyg Early in - pregnancy (Primi ina as 0.5 mi One month Te omenal (Para} = t TT booster dase 05m! iM fotanus immuntzet V. Measles Vaccine: It is live attenuated vaccine. It can be stored atd degree in yer Gried state. It should be used on the same day after dissolving. Sometimes Mumps! {s given with measles vaccine (MMR). Route af Administration: His given subcutaneously, © Dose 03 mtis given . Age its given between the age of 9 and 12 months. Side ettects: Tho local reactions are rare. Systemic reactions: Mild tever, ca rash CAN ov yE ver wid only fever | ugh, regional lymphadenitis, thrombocytopenia, etc. commonly alter a week. Containdicatione: ‘regnaney Immun, Meticiony v Cute febrile illness, erculoss, Tuberculosis . . . . *ukemiao.4mt OS ml Intradermal osm Intramuscular Subcutaneous 2m Ora poses of Vaccines a a a 508 Ly) immumzation Hazards Allergic mactions @ infections Pyragente reactions Accidental intravenous injections »r dose or under dose of medication administration of medications « Ove Errors in the «Serum hepatitis. _