Sana'a University

Faculty of Engineering
Mechatronics Engineering Department
.

Second Semester
Hydraulics & Pneumatic Systems lap

Pressure Relive Valve and Direction

Control Valve

Supervised by:

Prof. Hamood Al_nahari

Eng. Muhammed Al_maswary

Done by:

Ohood Alfowdaie (202174038)

Contents
Experiment 1: ............................................................................................................ 3
Pressure Relive Valve: ........................................................................................... 3
Introduction: ...................................................................................................... 3
Equipment: ........................................................................................................ 4
Simulation: ........................................................................................................ 4
Questions:.......................................................................................................... 5
Experiment 2 ............................................................................................................. 5
Directional control value: ...................................................................................... 5
Introduction: ...................................................................................................... 5
Equipment: ........................................................................................................ 7
Simulation: ........................................................................................................ 7
Results:.............................................................................................................. 8
Questions:.......................................................................................................... 9
Experiment 1:

Pressure Relive Valve:

Introduction:
A pressure relief valve, also known as a safety valve or pressure relief device,
is an essential component in many hydraulic systems. Its primary function is to protect
the system from excessive pressure by relieving or redirecting the excess pressure to
prevent damage or catastrophic failure.

When the pressure within a hydraulic system exceeds a predetermined set point, the
pressure relief valve opens to allow the excess fluid to escape. This release of pressure
helps maintain the system within safe operating limits and prevents the buildup of
pressure that could lead to equipment damage or system failure.

Pressure relief valves are typically designed with a spring-loaded mechanism that keeps
the valve closed under normal operating conditions. The spring applies a force to keep
the valve sealed, and the set pressure determines the point at which the valve opens.
When the pressure exceeds the set point, the force exerted by the fluid overcomes the
spring force, causing the valve to open and discharge the excess fluid.

The relieved fluid is often directed back into the reservoir or diverted to a low-pressure
area of the system. This ensures that the excess fluid is safely discharged without
causing any disruption or damage to the system or its components.

Pressure relief valves are widely used in various hydraulic applications, including
industrial machinery, mobile equipment, hydraulic power units, and hydraulic systems
in vehicles. They provide an important safety measure, protecting the system and its
components from overpressure conditions, ensuring reliable and safe operation.

In summary, pressure relief valves play a critical role in maintaining the safety and
integrity of hydraulic systems by releasing excess pressure and preventing potential
damage or failure.
Equipment:
• 1 off Flow control valve.
• 1 off Pressure relief valve.
• 1 off Flow meter.
• 1 off Distribution manifold pressure/tank.
• Connection hoses as required.

Simulation:
Questions:
1- Pressure relief valves are used for what purpose/s?

Pressure relief valves are used to protect hydraulic systems by relieving or

redirecting excess pressure to prevent damage or failure.

2-describe the function of the direct operated pressure relief valve, illustrated
below:

Direct-operated pressure relief valves are used in hydraulic systems to protect

components from overpressure. They work by using a spring-loaded poppet to seal off
a passage until the pressure in the system reaches a preset level. When the pressure
exceeds the setting, the spring is overcome and the poppet moves off its seat, allowing
fluid to flow through a relief port and back to the reservoir.

3-Where in the hydraulic circuit should the pressure relief valve/s be fitted?

The pressure relief valve should be fitted in the hydraulic circuit at a location
where it can effectively monitor and control the system pressure. The most
common placement for a pressure relief valve is directly downstream of the
pump, before the distribution of fluid to various components. This allows the
valve to protect the entire system from overpressure.

Experiment 2:

Directional control value:

Introduction:
A directional control valve is a fundamental component in hydraulic systems
that controls the direction of fluid flow. It determines the path of hydraulic fluid and
directs it to specific hydraulic actuators, such as cylinders or motors, to perform desired
operations.

Directional control valves are typically operated manually, mechanically, electrically,

or through other means of actuation. They have multiple ports that connect to different
hydraulic lines and chambers, allowing the hydraulic fluid to enter or exit in various
directions.

The main function of a directional control valve is to control the actuation and
movement of hydraulic actuators. By changing the position of the valve, the flow path
of the hydraulic fluid is altered, enabling the actuator to extend, retract, stop, or hold its
position.

➢ There are various types of directional control valves, including:

• Spool Valves: These valves have a cylindrical spool that slides within a valve
body. The position of the spool determines the flow path of the hydraulic fluid.
• Ball Valves: Ball valves use a ball with a hole in it to control the flow of
hydraulic fluid. By rotating the ball, the flow path can be opened or closed.
• Poppet Valves: Poppet valves use a poppet or disk that is lifted or lowered to
allow or block the flow of hydraulic fluid.

Directional control valves are widely used in hydraulic systems across various
industries, including manufacturing, construction, agriculture, and material handling.
They play a crucial role in ensuring proper and controlled movement of hydraulic
actuators, allowing for precise and efficient operation of hydraulic machinery and
equipment.
Equipment:
• Tank.
• Pump.
• Pressure relief valve.
• 3/2 way solenoid valve.
• 4/2 way solenoid valve.
• Motor.
• Pilot line.

Simulation:
Results:
Questions:
1-What is the function of a directional control valve?

The function of a directional control valve in a hydraulic system is to control the

direction of fluid flow. By changing the valve position, the hydraulic fluid can be
directed to specific actuators, allowing for precise movement and operation of hydraulic
machinery.

2-Draw the symbol (to I.S.O. 1219-1) for a 4/2way directional control valve:

3-Name the three functional parts (a-c) of the directional control valve illustrated
below:

• Port
• Spool
• Spring