School of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
Universiti Teknologi MARA

MEM665 ROBOTICS AND

AUTOMATION

LAB 1: CONVEYOR TENSIONING DEVICE (Hydraulic Lab)

NO. FULL NAME OF STUDENT STUDENT MOBILE NO.

NO.

1 MUHAMMAD AN-NAS 2019294868 019-5169061

DZIKRULLAH BIN AHMAD RAIS

2 IMAN NUR HAKIM BIN ROSDAN 2019405238 01137977025

3 WAN ANAZ BIN WAN NORAZLAN 2020869636 0145279460

4 AHMAD BUKHARI BIN 2020986145 0139924005

MOHAMAD

5 MUHAMMAD DANISH BIN 2020884984 01110014150

MOHD SAUPI

6 NOOR FARIZA AISYAH BINTI 2019252314 0109456015

TASLIMI

CLASS GROUP: EM220 7D4 REPORT 1

NO.:
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction.....................................................................................................................1

2.0 Objectives........................................................................................................................2

3.0 Experimental Procedure..................................................................................................3

3.1 Experiment Apparatus.................................................................................................3

3.2 Experiment Procedure.................................................................................................5

4.0 Results.............................................................................................................................6

5.0 Discussion.......................................................................................................................8

6.0 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................9

7.0 References.....................................................................................................................10
List Of Figure

Figure 1: Basic Figure of Hydraulic System.............................................................................1

Figure 2:Conveyor Tensioning Device.....................................................................................6
Figure 3: Complete circuit (cylinder is extract)........................................................................6

List Of Table

Table 1: List of Component......................................................................................................4

1.0 Introduction
Hydraulics is the generation of forces and motions through the physical behavior of the water
motion whether it is at rest or in motion. Hydraulic system requires a hydraulic fluid for it to
generate the required force to do work hence it is coming from the original meaning of word
‘Hydraulic’. Examples of hydraulic fluids are water which is widely used in the industry of
hydraulic system. By utilizing the hydraulic fluid as the power transmission medium, a lot of
normal tasks can be facilitated through the use of hydraulic system which leads to more
productive working environment.

In the present day of technology, most production and manufacturing facilities need hydraulic
system. Examples of industry which heavily relies on hydraulic systems are construction,
steel industry, mining, and material handling equipment. The instruments which are used to
push, pull, lift and move are all being operated by the hydraulic system. There are several
fundamental parts in hydraulic systems such as hydraulic fluid reservoir, hydraulic pump,
check valve, directional valve, selection valve, pressure relief valve, actuator, and filter.
These are all the fundamental parts that make up of the overall hydraulic systems to move the
hydraulic fluid to act as a power transmitter. Hence without all these components, hydraulic
system cannot be run efficiently as intended.

Figure 1: Basic Figure of Hydraulic System

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2.0 Objectives

1. To assemble, test, troubleshoot and describe the operation of hydraulic cylinder in

tension, retraction and stop position.
2. To familiarizes the student with the applications of a 4/3-way valve.
3. To show how to use a piloted non-return valve.
4.

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3.0 Experimental Procedure
3.1 Experiment Apparatus
Component Figure

Pressure Relief Valve

4/3-Way Hand Lever

Valve

Branch Tree

3
 Piloted Non-return
Valve

Double Acting Cylinder

Switch

Pump

Table 1: List of Component

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3.2 Experiment Procedure
1. The system's hydraulic circuit diagram was examined and fully understood.
2. The symbol labels on the hydraulic components used in this experiment could be
utilized to recognize them.
3. The hydraulic components were put together as the lab manual instructs.
4. The switch was turned on to make the double acting cylinder able to function.
5. The 4/3-Way Hand Lever Valve was used to move the double acting cylinder.
6. The outcomes were observed and recorded.

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4.0 Results

Figure 2:Conveyor Tensioning Device

The entire valve was successfully installed, and it was connected to the pump, transforming
the device into a fully functional Conveyor Tensioning System.

Figure 3: Complete circuit (cylinder is extract).

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 Figure 4: Complete circuit (cylinder in retract).

The actuator is not extended because the 4-way, 3-directional control valve was releasing
pressure, preventing it from reaching the actuator (see Figure 4). The four-way, three-
direction control valve was activated, allowing pressure to flow into the actuator and extend it
as depicted in Figure 3.

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5.0 Discussion
In industrial field, hydraulic systems are widely used to improve the efficiency of work.
Hydraulic systems help to reduce human energy such as lifting things. Hydraulic systems
have come in so much variety of applications. For instance, hydraulic machines are used
differently in industrial setting, which is building, construction equipment, manufacturing
factory and also vehicles.
For discussion part, we observed and learnt that there are four important components used in
hydraulic system which are reservoir, pump, valve and actuator. Each component plays
important role to the efficiency of the hydraulic system. Firstly, reservoir is design to hold a
volume of fluid, transfer heat from the system, prevent solid contaminants from entering the
system and promote the release of air and moisture from the fluid. Secondly, the pump helps
to transfer mechanical energy to hydraulic energy via fluid movement. Pump come in variety
of design and type which are gear, vane and piston that function in different ways of use but
have the same principle. Pumps displace the fluid volume against a resistant load or pressure.
Then, the valve in hydraulic system are used to start, stop and direct fluid flow. Valve is
made up from poppets and spools. Lastly, actuators which use the concept of Pascal’s Law, it
transforms back the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. However, every system has its
flaws, by choosing the best improvement and invention as well as its maintenance, it will
help to maintain the system reliability and efficiency.
As a suggestion, substitute the gear pump with piston pump which has higher native
efficiency. Other option, use flow controllers, pressure lowering valves and even proportional
valves to reduce the usage of devices that waste energy. Lastly, design the circuit such that no
energy is spent while no work is being done which unloading the pump between cycles or
employing load-sensing control.
As for the maintenance part, try to always check the fluid level in the reservoir tank. The
correct amount of fluid is needed to provide desired pressure for the system. If the fluid is
low, the must be a leaking, and will allow the entering of water which causes pressure drop
and cavitation. In addition, the selection of optimum hoses length also important for a
consistent pressure level in the system.

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6.0 Conclusion
The student is able to put together all the components in accordance with the lab sheet that
the lab assistant supplies. Students are capable of testing and troubleshooting every
component's operation on each try until the hydraulic cylinder is operating in the tension,
retraction, and stop positions. By monitoring each component's specification and the system
output, the student familiarizes with the system handled. A 4/3-way valve's intended use can
be ascertained by looking at the switch that indicates it is intended to prevent backflow within
a piping system. Piloted non-return valves are able to safeguard installations by locking the
air supply to the cylinder and keeping it in place if the compressed air supply is cut off. When
used by students, this component can prevent leaks in the system, during system installation
when the hose fitting is typically always at the incorrect location. The experiment was
successful since the supplied instructions were followed and discussed among the students.

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7.0 References
1. Hydraulic System Components and Their Function in Details, May 2019, Hydraulic System
Components and Their Functions in Detail (whyps.com)
2. What Is a Hydraulic System? Definition, Design, and Components, July 2017,
https://www.vectorsolutions.com/resources/blogs/what-is-a-hydraulic-system-definition-
design-and-components
3. What are the types of belt conveyor tension devices, February 2020,
https://www.skecon.com/news/conveyor-knowledge/what-are-the-types-of-belt-conveyor-
tension-devices.html#:~:text=To%20ensure%20normal%20operation%20of,part%20of
%20the%20belt%20conveyor.
4. Valve Application, https://www.globalspec.com/pfdetail/valves/applications

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