1

CURRENT AWARENESS SERVICES AND SATISFACTION OF THE

INFORMATION NEEDS OF THE RESEARCHERS IN NIGERIA LIBRARIES (A

CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL COLLEGE OF FORESTRY TECHNOLOGY (F.C.F.T),

IBADAN)

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the current awareness services and satisfaction of
information needs among researchers in Nigerian libraries, with a specific focus on the
Federal College of Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T) in Ibadan. Four research questions
were formulated to guide the study, and relevant literature was reviewed to provide a
theoretical framework. A survey research design was employed, and a purposive
sample of 200 registered library users from the Federal College of Forestry Technology
in 2020 was selected. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire as the
primary instrument. The questionnaire underwent face and content validation by
research and analysis experts from the Department of Library and Information Science
at the University of Ibadan. The reliability of the instrument was assessed using the
split-half method, which yielded a very high reliability coefficient. The collected data
were analyzed using frequency counts, simple percentages, mean scores, and standard
deviation analysis to address the research questions. The findings of the study indicated
that the information resources available in Nigerian libraries were infrequently utilized
by researchers. Furthermore, library users perceived the information resources as rarely
adequate or inadequate, with varying degrees of accessibility and availability. Based on
the study's findings, several recommendations were made. Firstly, the library
administrator(s) were advised to advocate for government and stakeholder support in
acquiring and preserving library resources to enhance their availability. Additionally,
efforts should be made to improve the current awareness services provided in Nigerian
libraries to better meet the information needs of researchers. This could involve
implementing strategies such as regular training sessions, awareness campaigns, and
collaborations with other institutions.
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CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Libraries serve as crucial components of educational institutions, acting as repositories

of knowledge that support the teaching and learning process. These spaces provide

students and educators with diverse resources, including books, journals, and

multimedia materials, fostering research and academic growth. A library, as described

by Oluwaniyi (2010), is a carefully organized collection of books and recorded

information, chosen and arranged by qualified library personnel for public or targeted

group use. It serves as a building or room where the public or institution members can

access or borrow books, periodicals, films, and recorded music without payment. A

well-equipped library enhances the overall educational experience, supplying essential

tools for intellectual development. Adeniji (2006) strongly emphasizes the irreplaceable

nature of library services in both primary and post-primary educational systems,

asserting that a library is essential for effectively using informational materials in

teaching and learning. Kolade (2001) further positions the school library as the nucleus

of the school, offering a diverse range of educational media that teachers and students

can leverage to enhance the teaching and learning experience. Consequently, the

integration of library services becomes indispensable for achieving a high-quality

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educational program. Elaturoti (2006) aptly describes the school library as "the center

of the school, around which all school programs revolve." Libraries play a major role in

promoting academic excellence by offering a variety of resources that complement

classroom learning. They contribute to the development of a reading culture,

encouraging independent research and critical thinking among students.

Successful educational system depends exhaustively on the availability and accessibility

of information sources and services. Based on this regard, academic libraries provide

information sources for teaching, learning and research activities for their parent

institution. The library is an organized collection of published and unpublished books

and audio visual resources with the aid of services of staff who are able to provide and

interpret such sources as required to meet information, research, educational and

recreational needs of users (Ogbebor, 2011).

The library collects information sources in a structural and classified manner to satisfy

the need of each member of their parents institution. Information resources can be in

printed and electronic formats including textbooks, journals, indexes, abstracts,

newspapers, magazines, reports, CD-ROM, databases, internet, email, video,

tapes/cassettes, diskettes, computers, and microforms (Adeoye and Popoola, 2011).

The core objective of academic library is to support the parent institution to achieve its

objectives. This is vital because academic institutions need information and the library

plays such role by providing information resources. This is to enable the users achieve

success in their academic careers. For the library to attain this it is essential that

libraries recognise the needs of their users and try as much as possible to satisfy them.
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Satisfying the information needs of the users therefore require the provision of the

actual information sources and services that will match up the user’s needs. The

satisfaction in this context is the state that results after the library user (students) has

favourably or positively experienced a service product.

Some of the services provided by academic libraries to their users to enable them get

satisfied with their information needs includes reference services, indexing services,

circulation services, serial control services and technical services. All these services are

carried out by academic libraries to meet and satisfy the users. Based on the context of

this work, reference services is considered. Reference services according to Tagman,

Koenig and Greene (2008) is a service provided by libraries to assist users in the

location and retrieval of information relevant to their information needs. This services is

mostly, very vital to researchers. The services, maybe direct or indirect reference

services. Direct has to do with person to person relationship while indirect service has

to do with those services the librarian renders to the patrons (student) in their absence,

otherwise known as behind the scene activities. Based on the above information, this

study therefore tries to bring to light information sources and their role in student’s

satisfaction with reference services.

The 21st century society libraries combat lots of challenges in a bid to make information

resources available to users. These challenges in turn poses some influences on the

overall resources, functions and services which the library can conveniently provide.

This is in line with the opinion of Opoku (2011) that many issues affect the way

information resources are provided in the national library on a regular basis. This issues
 5

invariably demand that evaluation of information resources remains worthwhile in

libraries. The purpose of evaluation as declared by Ogunrobi (2013) is to gather

information on how the library accomplished its objective with a view to improving the

delivery of information resources in effective and efficient way to the users.

The current research revolves around the lack of comprehensive studies examining the

quality and effectiveness of current awareness services in Nigeria libraries, including the

F.C.F.T library. Previous studies have primarily focused on broader aspects of library

services or specific disciplines, neglecting the comprehensive evaluation of current

awareness services. Therefore, there is a need to address this research gap and gain a

deeper understanding of the satisfaction levels of researchers regarding current

awareness services.

1.2 Statement of the problem

In Nigeria, libraries serve as important resources for researchers across various

disciplines, providing access to scholarly literature and information resources

(Oluwatoyin et al., 2017). Every library tries to acquire resources in order to meet and

satisfy the needs of their users. They acquire relevant sources both material and human

to facilitate teaching learning, research and knowledge dissemination in their parent

institution. Because of this the library takes it as important to put in place variety of

sources to make sure that they provide adequate and effective services to their users.

However, despite the significance of current awareness services, there is a lack of

comprehensive research examining the quality and effectiveness of these services in

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Nigeria libraries (Oyewusi & Adegbilero-Iwari, 2020). This research gap hinders an

understanding of the extent to which current awareness services provided by libraries,

including the Federal College of Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T) library in Ibadan, are

meeting the expectations and requirements of researchers. The F.C.F.T library, as an

integral part of the college's academic ecosystem, plays a vital role in supporting

research and scholarly activities in the field of forestry technology. It provides access to

a diverse range of information resources, including books, journals, databases, and

online platforms, to facilitate the research endeavors of students and faculty members

(Oyewusi & Adegbilero-Iwari, 2020). However, the effectiveness of the current

awareness services offered by the F.C.F.T library in meeting the information needs of

researchers remains unclear.

1.3 Research Questions

To address the research problem, the following questions will guide the study:

1. What is the frequency of use of information resources in the Federal College of

Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan?

2. How adequate are the information resources in the Federal College of Forestry

Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan?

3. How accessible are the information resources in the Federal College of Forestry

Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan?

4. How available are the information resources in the Federal College of Forestry

Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan?

1.4 Research Objectives

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The main objectives of this study are:

1. To ascertain the frequency of use of information resources in the Federal College

of Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan.

2. To assess the adequacy of information resources in the Federal College of

Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan.

3. To determine the accessibility of information resources in the Federal College of

Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan.

4. To investigate the availability of information resources in the Federal College of

Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan.

1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study

This research will focus on the current awareness services and satisfaction of the

information needs of researchers specifically in the context of the F.C.F.T library in

Ibadan, Nigeria. The study will involve researchers from various disciplines within the

college. However, the findings may not be generalizable to other libraries or research

institutions in Nigeria.

The time duration for this study will be limited to a specific period, typically one

academic year, to ensure that the data collected remains relevant and current. The

financial constraints of the research may limit the scale and scope of data collection,

particularly in terms of sample size and resources allocated.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study holds several implications for both researchers and library professionals in

Nigeria. By examining the current awareness services and satisfaction levels of

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researchers, the findings will contribute to a better understanding of the strengths and

weaknesses of existing library services. The results will provide insights into the areas

that require improvement, helping libraries to enhance their current awareness services

and meet the evolving information needs of researchers more effectively.

Furthermore, the study will serve as a valuable reference for library professionals,

policymakers, and administrators in Nigeria. The findings can inform decision-making

processes related to resource allocation, staff training, and the development of policies

aimed at improving the overall quality of library services. Ultimately, this research aims

to contribute to the advancement of knowledge and the promotion of effective research

practices in Nigerian libraries, particularly in the context of the Federal College of

Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T) in Ibadan.

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms

Information Sources: These are materials from which information comes from or

knowledge is provided about something.

Satisfaction: This is the perception of accomplishment in the learning or educational

environment.

Reference Services: Is a personal assistance provided to the library users seeking

information.
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CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Frequency of use of information resources in Nigeria

Majid (2002) found the adequacy of collections, services and facilities to be closely

linked to the effectiveness of libraries Information resources. The researcher also

posited that they are some factors which may contribute positively to the perceptions of

Libraries Information resources effectiveness were the adequacy and effectiveness of

information resources promotion, involvement of users in the selection of information

resources, convenient library location, participation in user education programmes,

availability of assistance for using information resources and facilities and subject

background of libraries professional. Ajibero (2009) found that libraries of Nigeria

information resources did not meet user expectations. As a result, most researcher or

clients did not learn how to use information resources and were not aware of the

relationship of the library to their studies. Apart from websites and web-based lecture

notes, lack of awareness is the primary reasons why undergraduates students in

Libraries did not use the electronic data bases.

Gelfand (2009) noted that the growing emphasis on usability studies and libraries trying

to respond to user needs by becoming a more user-centered organizations forces on

organizations to listen carefully to its users. Creaser (2008) explained that one aim of

user surveys must be to improve the services provided to users. High overall

satisfactions levels are good for publicity, and may persuade institutional management
 10

that all is well with the information resources, but they should not lead to complacency

within the services.

Alman and Hernon (2010) made it very clear that users are the best judges of

adequacy, effectiveness and efficiency of information resources and its frequent used

and that clientele opinions of information resources services is of paramount importance

should there no users, Libraries and its information resources would only be needed as

warehouses. Users evaluation of libraries information resource frequent use and

goodness have therefore, frequently been taken at face value to indicate quality of

information resources.

Agyekummer and Filson (2012) found in their study that most of the students use

information resources service to supplement their class notes, assignment and helped

them in examination preparation. Clabo, (2002) pointed out that students use

information resources for recreational reading, for reference purposes, doing their

assignment and reading news from newspapers. Foloruso and Njoku (2016) study

depict that most prominent purpose of using information resources was to study and

read for examination.

Amusa and Iyoro (2013) observed in their majority of the students (60%) used the

information resources to study, read and also for research. Oluwlatobi, Ehiogbae, Aluko

and Arowolo and Onasote (2014) study revealed that most frequently used information

resources is online databases and this is followed by dictionaries, books, encyclopedia

which are used daily while the least use information resources is CD-ROM databases.

Okiy (2000) study indicated that respondents used books more than other resources.
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2.2 Adequacy of information resources in Nigerian libraries

The libraries mission regardless of the types is to collect and preserve information

resources that meet the user needs. The mission statement of a library informs and

guides the process of acquiring information resources and how the funding will be

achieved. The parent’s institution federal government allocated funds for national

library to procure information resources and preserve them in good states so as to meet

both current and future needs of users. However, such funding has been noted to be

inadequate and many libraries usually fall to stock enough information resources due to

shortage of funding Wanyenda (2013).

The ever increasing rising cost of university education and students populations is

erecting a more and more selective would be students for this institutions with indirect

implications to funding of libraries (Simmonds and Andaleeb, 2011). They state that

client’s decision to visit any particular libraries is influenced by the information resources

and facilities been available. Clients are partly influenced to a library due to its services.

Sometimes funding may not still adequate cover the acquisitions of all the information

resources relevant for a given subject. Funding for acquisition for information resources

is also done by charging a fee for article or information resources on short loans in

some libraries, but is different when it comes to libraries. Many libraries use the inter-

library loans services to acquire information resources for their users.

Librarian’s involvement in national information resources decision is not only a norm but

essential in the purchase decision leading to acquisition of information resources. Such

staff’s opinions of a library collection is the aggregate of the individual’s views,

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attitudes, and beliefs about the extents to which the library has met the demands of the

users. The development of collections is a cooperative effort between librarians and

board of management. Ohanlokun and Adekanye (2007) noted that a deficient

collections can have an adverse effect on the national library institution. Librarians who

are professionals their opinions in the process of evaluating information resources and

its development will assist in identifying areas of strength and weakness in the

collection so that gap and inadequacies was filled in this study.

A major area of concern to national library includes the problem of inadequate ICT

infrastructural facilities, low bandwidth and internet downtime (Adekele and Olorunsola,

2009). Kambe (2011) also noted that ICT is not very well spread and utilized in

information centers and libraries in African, mainly because of poor communication

network, limited access to ICT hardware and software and government’s ineptitude to

provide adequate funds to run the libraries. Inadequacy of competent staff, lack of

theoretical knowledge, lack of computer culture, lack of knowledge on the importance

of ICT, inadequate funds among other factors have been site by several authors

(Siddike et al, 2011; Moropa, 2010; Okojie, 2010) as impediments for ICT adoption in

many libraries, especially libraries. In one of his many papers, Amutabi (2009) pointed

out that with the dwindling financial support, it is unlikely that things will improve

much. Kamba (2011) pointed out that libraries which became fully automated in the

1990s but could not afford to migrate, find their current software very limiting and

unless one could afford to migrate onto new and updated systems, the early start could

be a disadvantage. He adds that the fully automated libraries are those that either
 13

started late with donor assistance or have secured funds to migrate to up-to-date

systems. Inadequate technological infrastructure to support the integration of ICTs in

the library functions has been cited by several authors as one of the major challenge

that libraries face.

Kamba (2011) noted that ICT is not very well spread and utilized in African libraries,

mainly because of poor communication network, limited access to ICT hardware and

software. This refers to issues as poor or lack of ICT policy, low internet connectivity,

inadequate supply of electricity and inadequate number of pcs. Despite the poor

students computer ratio, Kamba (2011) added that there is a serious neglect of ICT

resources acquired over a period of year, which need upgrading or are out of usage and

this increases the complexity of managing the ICT resources. The study of Chisenga on

the application of ICT in libraries found that, although most librarians had internet

connectivity, almost none were offering web-based information services to their users.

Telecommunication services are the root cause of these problems in terms of low

bandwidth, technical faults and other network configuration problem. Frequent power

outage has also been identified by several authors (Siddike et al., 2011) as an

impediment towards ICT adoption and utilization in libraries. The organization culture,

library leadership and trained library personnel play a pivotal role in determining the

role of status of national library regarding adequacy of information resources.

Amutabi (2009) stated that the lack of computer culture in libraries impedes rapid

diffusion of the new technologies. He adds that many libraries officials started their

careers in the age of typewriter, before the wide scale introduction of compute
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technology at libraries and find it very hard to fathom many things in ICT. In their

study, Gould and Gomez (2010) found out that in most countries, libraries are still being

regarded as a place to study or store books, thus many users doubt whether it is a

“cool” place to go, and whether it responds to their needs, such as providing current

information. Many people still think that computer can only be found in cyber cafes and

computer labs but not inside libraries. There is need for library management and library

personnel to change this notion in order to encourage more users to visit the library

and utilize ICT resources.

2.3 Accessibility of the information resources in Nigerian Libraries

Library resources are information hearing materials that enable the library to fulfil its

goals of meeting the information needs of its users. Therefore, it collects resources in

various sizes and formats over a period of time. Library resources are many and varied,

but they can be divided into two broad categories; namely, “printed” and “non-printed”

materials. The printed materials are books, pamphlets, periodicals, newspapers and

reference resources. Non-print resources are however, often referred to as audio-visual

and electronic resources and generations of requisite equipment for accessing, viewing

or listening to data stored in them.

Adeoye and Popoola (2001); Adomi (2008), Roa (2005) and Iyandave and Salawwu

(2008) stressed that the strength of every library lies in its resources and information

services to the people. In other words; a national library will be adjudged good or

otherwise by its ability to meet to a large extent, the information needs of its clientele.

To this end, professional librarians continues to strive to collect, store, organize and
 15

disseminate all forms of recorded knowledge in order to satisfy both present and future

information needs of users. A well-stocked national library is a storehouse of

information. The effectiveness and efficiency of services provided in libraries are mainly

determined by the national library users.

Perera (2006) submitted that satisfying user needs is essentials to the management of

libraries. Therefore, carrying out regular surveys on user needs at regular intervals on

various aspect of information resources usage will be an invaluable guide in determining

what they should be aware of and how they could be available and accessible. This will

improve the management strategies in the national library. Pradham (2006) declared

that in spite of the internet, the library will continue to be relevant as the internet has

missed a very significant societal role in the preservation and diffusion of human

knowledge through ages and generations, asserting that the library profession is

complementing the internet with the introduction of metadata which is defined as “data

about data” or “information about information”. The more accessible information

services are, the more likely they are to be used. Readers tend to use information

sources that require the least effort to access. The Principle of library centers on

information exploitation. This principle emphasizes maximum utilization of resources

and services. For a library to worth its salt, the resources and services it renders must

strive to meet and satisfy the needs of users. However, users’ perception, which is a

way a user form impression of and make references about library resources, services

and personnel in terms of how far they meet expectation should be used to measure

library performance (Oladije & Fabunmi, 2011).

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Obiozor and Ogbonna (2007) observed that the entire human and material resources in

a library are put in place opinion and feeling at considerable expense for the overall

purpose of providing effective service to the library users. According to Ogbebor (2011)

information resources help students in planning and implementing learning programmes

that will equip students with the skills necessary to succeed in a constantly changing

social and economic environment. Also, information resources-based programmes helps

students in acquiring skills to collect, critically analyze, organize information, solve

problems and communicate their understandings. Access to information resources

provides and promotes quality fiction to develop and sustain students’ habit and

enjoyment of reading for pleasure and enrich students’ intellectual aesthetic, cultural

and emotional growth.

Kumar, Singh and Yadave (2011) asserted that “access to the right information

resources is a difficult task because information resources is abundant, but users do not

know whether it is available and where to locate it”. Therefore, librarians must ensure

maximum utilization of the few resources the library acquires, to justify the cost in

acquiring them. Popoola (2009) affirmed that the information resources and services

available in a country information system must be capable of supporting general

intellectual development of the entire citizens. Iyoro (2008) in his study identified

accessibility as one of the pre-requisites of the information use.

Ugah (2009) opined that the more accessible information resources are, the more likely

they are to be used and readers tend to use information resources that require the least

effort to access. The areas where libraries can improve access and use information
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resources to library users includes; improved information technology support, open

access IT area with personal or helpline support from IT staff. Over the past decades,

most libraries in Nigeria have been experiencing much difficulty in providing information

resources to the users on account of the alarming rate of inflating of the prices of books

and journals as well as depreciation values of the Nigerian economy (Ehikha, Menor,

2016). Ugah (2009) quoted Osundina (2010), who studied the relationship between

accessibility and information resources use by undergraduates in Nigeria and noted that

the problem of Nigerian Students is not the question of wanting to use the college

library, but whether or not the national library can provide their needs and whether

there is access to what is provided. This assertion was agreed to in later studies by

Iyoro (2008) and Popoola (2009).

Popoola (2009) submits that the inability of libraries and other libraries to meet the

information resources requirements of some library users might have forced them to

use personal collections when conducting research. Library Information Resources as

used in this context are collections of all test and bibliographic information resources; it

also includes information technology such as those that support browsing, authoring

and communication like computer and the internet, in order for libraries to have a great

impact of their “empirical study of accessibility and use of information resources by

undergraduates in a Nigeria National Library”. Findings have however revealed low level

of awareness on clients’ use of information resources in the library. Effective use of

library resources lies solely on awareness. Information resources which users are not

aware of will be underutilized (Popoola, 2009).

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2.4 Availability of information resources in Nigerian libraries

Information society is currently undergoing drastic change in terms of information

collections and services. In an information society, it is right of individuals to get access

to information in pursuit of higher quality of life. Information resources refers to print

and electronic materials that could be sourced and accessed manually or electronically

by users. Adequate and appropriate information resources provides opportunity for

individuals to get the access which has dependent on the availability of emerging

technologies as means for creating, sorting, distributing, retrieving and using

information resources. Existing literature such as Udoudoh, (2009) and Popoola, (2008)

suggest that the library is central to the provision of relevant information resources and

services for adequate support of teaching, learning and research in the national library

environment.

Popoola and Halison (2009) defined information resources as those information bearing

materials that are in both printed and electronic formats, such as textbooks, journals,

indexes, abstracts, newspapers, magazines, reports, CD-ROM, databases, the

internet/email, video tapes and cassettes, diskettes, magnetic disks, computers, micro

forms and so on. These information materials are the raw materials that libraries

acquire, catalogue, stock and make available to their clients. According to Hanif, Zabed

and Nasir (2008) a good library should be well equipped with books and other

information resources in all subjects to advanced study and research. The duty of

library is to collect, organize and disseminate information to research scholars and

students and support the generation of new knowledge. The up-to-datedness of

 19

contents in course, the continuous research growth, competence and quality of learning

environment depends on how effective the library is in identifying and connecting

information on current development in various subject fields with the library

community. Hanif et al, (200) claims that; in order to satisfy the diverse information

needs and interests of the library community, the library must be adequate in terms of

quantity, quality and currency. The collections must also be accessible to the

community; the provisions of quality information will invariably have positive impact on

the learning environment; on the contrary if the quality of the information provided

leaves much to be desired, the result would be worse.

Hanif, et al, (2009) reports that there was inadequacy of recent publications and

current journals. Besides, the information needs of the nation were not adequately met

by the existing library resources in most libraries. It is common knowledge that

availability of online information, improved internet connectivity and changes in

scholarly publishing techniques, have all contributed to more information being

available to more researchers. Availability of information sources does not necessarily

imply its accessibility, because the sources may be available but access to them may be

prevented for one reason or the other.

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CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

This study employs a survey research design to investigate the current awareness

services and satisfaction of the information needs of researchers in Nigeria libraries,

with a specific focus on the Federal College of Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan. A

survey research design allows for the collection of data from a large number of

participants, enabling the researcher to gather comprehensive insights into the subject

matter (Creswell & Creswell, 2018).

The survey research design involves distributing a questionnaire to the target

population to collect data on their perceptions, experiences, and satisfaction levels

regarding current awareness services. The questionnaire will be designed to gather

both quantitative and qualitative data, providing a holistic understanding of the

research topic.

3.2 Study Population

The study population consists of researchers affiliated with the Federal College of

Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan. This includes faculty members, postgraduate

students, and undergraduate students engaged in research activities within the college.

3.3 Study Population

A sample of two hundred (200) registered library users in Federal College of Forestry

Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan was purposively selected for the study. The selection was

done using the census sampling technique.

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3.4 Research Instrument

The primary research instrument for data collection will be a structured questionnaire.

The questionnaire will be developed based on the research objectives and research

questions. It will consist of both closed-ended and open-ended questions to gather

quantitative and qualitative data.

The questionnaire will be divided into sections, focusing on areas such as participants'

demographics, frequency of use of current awareness services, satisfaction levels,

factors influencing satisfaction, and challenges faced. The questions will be designed to

elicit specific information related to the research objectives and research questions.

3.5 Research Reliability and Validity

The instruments were subjected to face and content validation. The reliability estimate

of the instruments was established through the Test-retest Method of Reliability with

high reliability estimate of .68-.81.

3.6 Method of Data Collection

The data collection process will involve the use of research assistants to facilitate the

distribution and collection of the questionnaires. Three research assistants will be

recruited and trained to ensure consistency and accuracy in administering the

questionnaire. The research assistants will be responsible for distributing the

questionnaires to the selected participants, explaining the purpose of the study, and

providing instructions on how to complete the questionnaire. They will also collect the

completed questionnaires from the participants in a timely manner. To enhance data

quality, the research assistants will receive comprehensive training on ethical

 22

considerations, confidentiality, and proper administration of the questionnaire. Regular

meetings will be held to address any concerns or questions that arise during the data

collection process.

However, for the purpose of data analysis; only 168 respondents were used because

this were the numbers of questionnaire successfully retrieved at the end of the survey,

given a return rate of 84%. All analysis were computed at 95% (0.05) level of

confidence.

3.7 Data Analysis

Frequency count, simple percentages, mean score and standard deviation analysis were

the statistical analysis techniques used to answer the questions generated for the study.
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CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Results

4.1.1 Research question 1

What is the frequency of use of information resources in Federal College of Forestry

Technology, Ibadan?

Table 1

Frequency of use of information resources (N=168)

Items 1 2 3 4 Mean SD Remarks

Lack of photocopying machine 60 45 35 28 2.19* 1.10

Lack of concern for the need of

54 48 36 30 2.26* 1.09
others

Psychological problems 45 50 35 38 2.40* 1.11

Lack of multiple copies of books

25 40 49 55 2.80 1.04
in the library

Lack of money to purchase

personal information resources 32 40 46 50 2.69 1.09

by readers

Grand Mean 2.413

*Are less than the benchmark mean of 2.50. Source: Survey data

The result in table 1 above shows that respondents frequency of use of the Library

Information Resources were as follows: Respondents that uses the information

resources every day has a mean of 2.192, with a standard deviation of 1.097; 2-3 times
 24

a week has a mean of 2.257 with a standard deviation of 1.091; once a week has a

mean of 2.401 with a standard deviation 1.107; 2-3 times a month has a mean of 2.796

with a standard deviation of 1.044; once a month has a mean of 2.689 with a standard

deviation of 1.087; once a year has a mean of 2.144 with a deviation of 0.982; while

those that use the library whenever they visit Ibadan has a mean of 1.910 with a

standard deviation of 0.987. The distribution has a grand mean of 2.413.

4.1.2 Research question two

How adequate are the information resources in Federal College of Forestry Technology,

Ibadan?

Table 2: Adequacy of information resources in Federal College of Forestry

Technology, Ibadan (n=168)

S/N Items 1 2 3 4 Total Mean SD

1. General books/textbooks 20 26 68 54 168 2.935 0.980

(100%)

2. CD 15 40 43 70 168 3.000 1.009

ROM/Computers/Printers (100%)

3. Reference books 48 53 37 30 168 2.292 1.069

(100%)

4. Periodicals/Gazettes 45 60 24 39 168 2.339 1.110

(100%)

5. Reports/Year books 18 50 60 40 168 2.726 0.946

(100%)

6. Patent/Standards 65 44 34 25 168 2.101 1.076

 25

(100%)

7. Theses/Dissertation 55 35 30 48 168 2.423 1.216

(100%)

8. Seminar/Conference 33 32 43 60 168 2.774 1.136

papers (100%)

9. Maps/Diagrams/Charts 80 47 21 20 168 1.768 0.819

(100%)

10. Non-book materials 68 50 30 20 168 2.131 1.135

(100%)

11. Print journals 65 49 30 24 168 2.077 1.067

(100%)

12. Interprint journals 48 60 50 10 168 2.131 0.899

(100%)

13. e-journals 54 40 46 28 168 2.226 1.130

(100%)

14. e-resources/internet 70 42 36 20 168 2.036 1.055

facilities (100%)

Grand Mean 2.354

*Are less than the benchmark mean of 2.50. Source: Survey data

The result in table 2 above shows the adequacy of the information resources in Federal

College of Forestry Technology, Ibadan based on respondents’ perception. The

 26

distribution shows that: general books/textbooks has a mean of 2.935 with a standard

deviation of 0.980; CD ROM/computers/printers has a mean of 3.000 with a standard

deviation of 1.009; reference books has a mean of 2.292 with a standard deviation of

1.069; periodicals/gazettes has a mean of 2.339 with a standard deviation of 1.110;

reports/year books has a mean of 2.726 with a standard deviation of 0.946;

patents/standards has a mean of 2.101 with a standard deviation of 1.076;

theses/dissertation has a mean of 2.423 with a standard deviation of 1.216;

maps/diagrams/charts has a mean of 1.768 with a standard deviation of 0.819; Non-

book materials has a mean of 2.131 with a standard deviation of 1.135; Print journals

has a mean of 2.077 with a standard deviation of 1.067; interprint journals has a mean

of 2.131 with a standard deviation of 0.899; e-journals has a mean of 2.226 with a

standard deviation of 1.130; e-resources/internet facilities has a mean distribution of

2.036 with a standard deviation of 1.055. The distribution has a grand mean of 2.354.

4.1.3 Research question 3: How accessible are the information resources in Federal

College of Forestry Technology, Ibadan?

The result in table 3 below shows how accessible the information resources in Federal

College of Forestry Technology, Ibadan based on the perception of respondents. The

distribution shows that general books/textbooks has a mean of 3.059 with a standard

deviation of 1.031; CD ROM/computers/printers has a mean of 2.369 with a standard

deviation of 1.161; reference books has a mean of 2.321 with a standard deviation of

1.123; periodicals/gazettes has a mean of 3.083 with a standard deviation of 0.999;

reports/year books has a mean of 2.845 with a standard deviation of 1.026;

 27

patents/standards has a mean of 2.059 with a standard deviation of 1.042;

theses/dissertation has a mean of 3.006 with a standard deviation of 0.925;

aps/diagrams/charts has a mean of 2.679 with a standard deviation of 1.091; Non-book

materials has a mean of 2.190 with a standard deviation of 1.038; Print journals has a

mean of 2.982 with a standard deviation of 0.944; interprint journals has a mean of

2.232 with a standard deviation of 1.049; e-journals has a mean of 2.357 with a

standard deviation of 1.117; e-resources/internet facilities has a mean distribution of

2.423 with a standard deviation of 1.260. The distribution has a grand mean of 2.607.

Table 3: Accessibility of information resources in Federal College of Forestry

Technology, Ibadan

S/N Items 1 2 3 4 Total Mean SD

1. General books/textbooks 20 24 50 74 168 3.059 1.031

(100%)

2. CD 50 49 26 43 168 2.369 1.161

ROM/Computers/Printers (100%)

3. Reference books 51 48 33 36 168 2.321 1.123

(100%)

4. Periodicals/Gazettes 15 32 45 76 168 3.083 0.999

(100%)

5. Reports/Year books 23 34 57 54 168 2.845 1.026

(100%)

6. Patent/Standards 65 39 46 18 168 2.059 1.042

 28

(100%)

7. Theses/Dissertation 10 41 55 65 168 3.006 0.925

(100%)

8. Seminar/Conference 23 37 50 58 168 2.851 1.048

papers (100%)

9. Maps/Diagrams/Charts 30 45 42 51 168 2.679 1.091

(100%)

10. Non book materials 55 48 43 22 168 2.190 1.038

(100%)

11. Print journals 15 35 58 60 168 2.982 0.944

(100%)

12. Interprint journals 54 44 47 23 168 2.232 1.049

(100%)

13. e-journals 50 43 40 35 168 2.357 1.117

(100%)

14. e-resources/internet 63 20 36 49 168 2.423 1.260

facilities (100%)

Grand Mean 2.607

*Are less than the benchmark mean of 2.50. Source: Survey data

4.1.4 Research question 4: How available are the information resources in Federal

College of Forestry Technology, Ibadan?

 29

Table 4: Availability of information resources in Federal College of Forestry Technology,

Ibadan

S/N Items 1 2 3 4 Total Mean SD

1. General books/textbooks 30 15 50 73 168 2.988 0.986

(100%)

2. CD 34 22 47 65 168 2.851 1.040

ROM/Computers/Printers (100%)

3. Reference books 40 28 37 63 168 2.732 1.124

(100%)

4. Periodicals/Gazettes 74 50 28 15 168 1.893 1.141

(100%)

5. Reports/Year books 81 55 20 12 168 1.772 0.914

(100%)

6. Patent/Standards 86 58 18 8 168 1.725 0.841

(100%)

7. Theses/Dissertation 98 36 26 8 168 1.610 0.664

(100%)

8. Seminar/Conference 96 40 22 20 168 1.916 0.844

papers (100%)

9. Maps/Diagrams/Charts 63 49 30 26 168 2.113 1.080

(100%)

10. Non book materials 35 38 42 53 168 2.673 1.129

(100%)
 30

11. Print journals 46 50 42 30 168 2.333 1.065

(100%)

12. Interprint journals 54 60 30 24 168 2.143 1.028

(100%)

13. e-journals 58 50 40 20 168 2.131 1.024

(100%)

14. e-resources/internet 60 53 35 20 168 2.089 1.019

facilities (100%)

Grand mean 2.212

*Are less than the benchmark mean of 2.50. Source: Survey data

The result in table 4 above shows how available the information resources in Federal

College of Forestry Technology, Ibadan as perceived by the respondents in the study.

The distribution shows that general books/textbooks has a mean of 1.928 with a

standard deviation of 0.986; CD ROM/computers/printers has a mean of 2.066 with a

standard deviation of 1.040; reference books has a mean of 2.198 with a standard

deviation of 1.124; periodicals/gazettes has a mean of 2.772 with a standard deviation

of 1.41; reports/year books has a mean of 1.772 with a standard deviation of 0.914;

patents/standards has a mean of 1.725 with a standard deviation of 0.841;

theses/dissertation has a mean of 1.341 with a standard deviation of 0.664;

maps/diagrams/charts has a mean of 1.479 with a standard deviation of 0.844; Non-

book materials has a mean of 2.673 with a standard deviation of 1.129; Print journals

has a mean of 2.333 with a standard deviation of 1.065; interprint journals has a mean
 31

of 2.143 with a standard deviation of 1.028; e-journals has a mean of 2.131 with a

standard deviation of 1.024; e-resources/internet facilities has a mean distribution of

2.089 with a standard deviation of 1.019. The distribution has a grand mean of 2.054.

4.2 Discussion of findings

The result of analysis for research question one shows a grand mean of 2.41 which falls

below the bench mark mean of 2.50. Generally, this result indicates that the frequency

of use of information resources in Federal College of Forestry Technology, Ibadan

ranges from not frequent to rarely frequent. Specifically, the result also showed that the

mean distribution of respondents who uses the information resources 2-3 times a year,

once a month and 2-3 times a year were 2.80, 2.69, and 2.92 respectively. This

distribution lies above the bench mark mean of 2.50, which reveals that the information

resources of the library was frequent and very frequently used by respondents who

visits 2-3 times a month, once a month and 2-3 times a year respectively.

The finding of this study is in line with the view of Ajibero (2009) who found that

Federal College of Forestry Technology, Ibadan information resources did not meet user

expectations as a result researcher or clients rarely use the information resources of the

library for their studies. The findings also agreed with the opinion of Alman and Hernon

(2010) who posited that users are the best judges of adequacy, effectiveness and

efficiency of information resources and its frequent used and that clientele opinion of

information resources services is of paramount importance because, should there be no

users, Libraries and its information resources would only become warehouses. In

addition, Oluwlatobi, et al, (2014) observed that most frequently used information
 32

resources are online databases, dictionaries, books, encyclopedia which are used daily

while the least use information resources are CD-ROM databases.

The research finding also share similarities with the position of Okiy (2000) who

purported that library users uses books more than other resources. This consistent use

of books in the view of Foloruso et al, (2016) is in preparations for examination.

However, Clabo, (2002) and Agyekummer and Filson (2012) revealed that students also

use information resources for recreational reading, reference purposes, doing their

assignment and for examination purposes.

The result of analysis for research question two shows a grand mean of 2.354 which

falls below the bench mark mean of 2.50. Generally, this result indicates that the

adequacy of the information resources in Federal College of Forestry Technology,

Ibadan ranges from inadequate to rarely adequate. Specifically, the result also showed

that the mean distribution of information resources such as general books/textbooks,

CD ROM/Computers/Printers, and Seminar/ year books were 2.94, 3.00, 2.73 and 2.78

respectively. This distribution lies above the bench mark mean of 2.50, which reveals

that these information resources of the library ranges from adequate to very adequate.

This finding is closely related to the view of Hanif et al, (200) who posited that in order

to satisfy the diverse information needs and interests of the library community, the

library must be adequate in terms of quantity, quality and currency. Thus, in line with

the finding of his proposition, national library in this study is not suitably meeting the

information needs of its users. However, the case is not peculiar to the current library

alone; Hanif, et al, (2009) have also observed similar problem in his study.
 33

The problem of inadequacy in the study area may be attributed to poor funding which

has not been sufficient to acquire adequate information resources for the library

(Wanyenda, 2013). However, it was also obvious from this study that existing library

resources were poorly managed with little or no preservation and conservation

measures in place. Notwithstanding, Amutabi (2009) had deposited that libraries in this

era of technology, automation in public libraries can afford them the chance to still

maintain their information resources in good shape by converting them to electronic

forms. In the same vein, Kambe (2011) noted that technology related information

resources were not very wide spread and utilized in information centers and libraries in

Africa, mainly because of poor communication network, limited access to ICT hardware

and software and government’s ineptitude to provide adequate funds to run the

libraries; as well as inadequacy of competent staff, lack of theoretical knowledge, lack

of computer culture, lack of knowledge on the importance of ICT, inadequate funds

among other factors (Siddike et al, 2011; Moropa, 2010; Okojie, 2010).

The result of analysis for research question three shows a grand mean of 2.607 which

lies above the bench mark mean of 2.50. Generally, this result indicates that the

accessibility of the information resources in Federal College of Forestry Technology,

Ibadan ranges from accessible to very accessible. Specifically, the result also showed

that the mean distribution of information resources such as CD

ROM/Computers/Printers, reference books, patents/standards, non-books materials,

interprint journals, e-journals, and e-resources/internet facilities were 2.37, 2.32, 2.06,

2.19, 2.23, 2.36 and 2.42 respectively. This distribution falls below the bench mark
 34

mean of 2.50, which reveals that these information resources of the library ranges from

inaccessible to rarely accessible.

This finding is in alignment with the view of Obiozor and Ogbonna (2007) who

purported that access to information resources provides and promotes quality fiction to

develop and sustains students’ habit and enjoyment of reading for pleasure and in the

same vein enhance students’ intellectual, aesthetic, cultural and emotional growth.

Iyoro (2008) also stated that accessibility is one of the pre-requisites of information

use. In addition, Ugah (2009) opined that the more accessible information resources

are, the more likely they are to be used and readers tend to use information resources

that require the least effort to access.

The study of Ehikha, Menor, (2016) and other studies has shown that over the past

decades, most libraries in Nigeria have been experiencing much difficulty in providing

information resources to the users on account of the alarming rate of inflating of the

prices of books and journals as well as depreciation values of the Nigerian economy,

however if the available or procured books are organized in such a way that users can

locate it easily, it will give them confident that they can get what they need in the

national library and hence improve their frequency of utilization of information

resources. This view is supported by Osundina (2010), who stated that the problem of

Nigerian Students is not the question of wanting to use the national library, but whether

or not the national library can provide their needs and whether they could access to

what is provided. The result of analysis for research question four showed a grand

mean of 2.212 which falls below the bench mark mean of 2.50. Generally, this result
 35

indicates that the availability of information resources in Federal College of Forestry

Technology, Ibadan ranges from not-available to rarely-available. Specifically, the result

also showed that the mean distribution of general books/textbooks, CD

ROM/Computers/Printers, reference books and non-books materials, were 2.99, 2.85,

2.73, and 2.67 respectively. This distribution lies above the bench mark mean of 2.50,

which reveals that these information resources of the library ranges from available to

highly available.

This finding is closely related to the view of Popoola and Halison (2009) who viewed

information resources as information bearing materials that are in both printed and

electronic formats, such as textbooks, journals, indexes, abstracts, newspapers,

magazines, reports, CD-ROM, databases, the internet/email, video tapes and cassettes,

diskettes, magnetic disks, computers, micro forms and so on. These information

materials are the raw materials that libraries acquire, catalogue, stock and make

available to their clients. Hanif, et al, (2008) also stated that a good library should be

well equipped with books and other information resources in all subjects to advanced

study and research.

The finding is also closely related to the proposition of Udoudoh, (2009) and Popoola,

(2008) who suggested that the library is central to the provision of relevant information

resources and services for adequate support of teaching, learning and research in the

national library environment. Simmonds and Andaleeb, (2011) also stated that client’s

decision to visit any particular libraries is influenced by the information resources and

facilities been available. Clients are partly influenced to a library due to its services.
 36

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

The current awareness services and satisfaction of information needs among

researchers in Nigeria libraries, with a specific focus on the Federal College of Forestry
 37

Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan, are of paramount importance. The objective of national

libraries is to support and provide relevant information to meet the increasing demands

of users within a country. Evaluating the current awareness services and information

resources of the Federal College of Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan, is essential

to determine their effectiveness in meeting the needs of researchers.

Based on the findings of this study, it is evident that the current awareness services

provided by the library are crucial for researchers in accessing up-to-date information in

their respective fields. The availability and accessibility of information resources play a

significant role in satisfying the information needs of researchers. However, there are

challenges identified in the study. The information resources in the Federal College of

Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan, were found to be inadequate and rarely

available, which directly affects the frequency of their use by researchers.

Addressing these challenges is crucial to enhance the satisfaction of researchers and

improve the effectiveness of current awareness services. Efforts should be made to

ensure the availability and adequacy of information resources through strategic

collection development and acquisition processes. Collaboration with other libraries and

institutions can also expand the pool of available resources and improve the overall

satisfaction of researchers.

In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of current awareness services and

satisfaction of information needs among researchers in Nigeria libraries, specifically

focusing on the Federal College of Forestry Technology (F.C.F.T), Ibadan. The findings

emphasize the need to address challenges related to the adequacy and availability of
 38

information resources. By improving these aspects, the library can better support the

research community and fulfill its objective of providing relevant and comprehensive

information services.

5.2 Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made:

1. That much awareness of the presence of the national library be re-created within

Ibadan and its environs so that users would be much aware of its presence and

visit frequently.

2. That adequate information resources to meet the need of users be made

available to encourage existing users to frequently visit the library.

3. That the library continue to maintain her information accessibility prowess to

assure users that they could get what they want when they visit the library.

4. That the library administrator(s) appeals to the government and other funding

organization to support programmes and project to increasing library collection

holdings as to enhance the availability of her information resources.

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Oyewusi, F. O. & Oyeboada, S. A. (2009). An empirical study of accessibility and use of

library resources by undergraduates in a Nigerian state university of technology.

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Oyewusi, F. O. & Oyeboada, S. A. (2009). An empirical study of accessibility and use of

library resources by undergraduates in a Nigerian State University of Technology

Library Philosophy and Practice, Vol. 1-10.

Ramgiuriathen, S. Babu, K. (2012). Awareness and use of library information resources

and services in Osmania University, Hydrabad. International Journal of Information

Studies, 2 (3), 42-54.

Ranganathan, S., Babu, K. (2012). Awareness and use of library information resources

and services in Osmania University, Hyderabad. International Journal of Library

Information Studies. 2 (3), 42-52.

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Roseroka, K. (2004). The roles of libraries. Association of African universities. Retrieved

on January 11, 2013 at http://www.aau.org./english/documents/ librole.htm

Singh, Dr. Gurudeu “Use of college libraries by faculty members of University of Delhi in

Library Herald”. Vol. 40, no. 4, 2005.

APPENDIX

Research Questionnaire: Assessing Information Services and Satisfaction in

Federal College of Forestry Technology, Ibadan

Instructions:
 50

Thank you for participating in this research questionnaire. Your feedback is valuable in

assessing the current awareness services and satisfaction of information needs in

Federal College of Forestry Technology, Ibadan. Please read each question carefully

and provide your responses honestly. Your responses will remain confidential and will

only be used for research purposes.

Demographic Information:

1. Name:

2. Department:

3. Position:

4. Gender: [ ] Male [ ] Female

5. Age:

6. Years of experience in academia:

Section 1: Current Awareness Services

Research Question 1: What is the frequency of use of information resources in

Federal College of Forestry Technology, Ibadan?

Please indicate how often you use the following information resources by selecting the

appropriate option:
 51

 Every day

 2-3 times a week

 Once a week

 2-3 times a month

 Once a month

 Once a year

 Whenever I visit Ibadan

Research Question 2: How adequate are the information resources in Federal College

of Forestry Technology, Ibadan?

Please rate the adequacy of the following information resources based on your

perception:

 General books/textbooks

 CD ROM/Computers/Printers

 Reference books

 Periodicals/Gazettes

 Reports/Year books

 Patent/Standards

 Theses/Dissertation

 Seminar/Conference papers
 52

 Maps/Diagrams/Charts

 Non-book materials

 Print journals

 Interprint journals

 e-journals

 e-resources/internet facilities

Research Question 3: How accessible are the information resources in Federal

College of Forestry Technology, Ibadan?

Please rate the accessibility of the following information resources based on your

perception:

 General books/textbooks

 CD ROM/Computers/Printers

 Reference books

 Periodicals/Gazettes

 Reports/Year books

 Patent/Standards

 Theses/Dissertation

 Seminar/Conference papers

 Maps/Diagrams/Charts
 53

 Non-book materials

 Print journals

 Interprint journals

 e-journals

 e-resources/internet facilities

Research Question 4: How available are the information resources in Federal College

of Forestry Technology, Ibadan?

Please rate the availability of the following information resources based on your

perception:

 General books/textbooks

 CD ROM/Computers/Printers

 Reference books

 Periodicals/Gazettes

 Reports/Year books

 Patent/Standards

 Theses/Dissertation

 Seminar/Conference papers

 Maps/Diagrams/Charts

 Non-book materials
 54

 Print journals

 Interprint journals

 e-journals

 e-resources/internet facilities

Thank you for your participation in this research questionnaire. Your feedback is highly

appreciated.