ELECTRON COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or conclusions,

methodologies and others. Those that were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing
information that are relevant and similar to the present study.
This chapter of the study primarily presents the different literature and other studies
from both foreign and local researchers which have a significant bearing on the variables
included in the research. It focuses on several aspects that will help in the development of
this study. The study is generally concentrating on the effectiveness of library information
source on the academic performance of the grade eleven (11) information, communication
and technology (ICT) students in the main campus of electron college of technical education.
The literatures of this study come from books, journals, electronic materials such as PDF or
E-Book, and other existing theses and dissertations, foreign and local that are believed to be
useful in the advancement of awareness about the study. This will also present the theoretical
and conceptual framework to fully understand the research to be done and lastly, the
definition of terms for better comprehension of the study helps in familiarizing information
that is relevant and similar to the present study.

Related Literatures

Estabrook, L. S. et al. (2016). Libraries have responded by developing more

sophisticated on-line catalogs that allow users to find out whether or not a book has been
checked out and what other libraries have it. Libraries have also found that users want
information faster, they want the full text of a document instead of a citation to it, and they
want information that clearly answers their questions. In response, libraries have provided
Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) services, in which librarians choose
information that may be of interest to their users and forward it to them before the users
request it.
Estabrook et al (2016) stated that, historical the beginning of library was used to keep
the business, legal, historical and religious records of a civilization since the middle of the
20th century. Rapid developments of computers, telecommunications and other technologies
have made it possible to store and retrieve information in many different forms easily. Hence
the technological and political forces radically reshaped
library development.
Ida (2016) Influence of library services on student’s academic performance in an
ordinary certificate of secondary education examination in MTWARA mikindani
municipality, Tanzania states that Schools observed to perform better academically are said
to have fewer high poverty students than lower performing schools. Inequity in the quality
and availability of library resources continues to exist between both high and low
poverty schools as well as high and low performing schools.
 ELECTRON COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Ayoub, Y. (2016) states that the lack of research capability and information literacy
skills may hinder international students to effectively find, retrieve and correctly and
ethically use the available information for their academic studies. As a result, this group of
students may not be able to effectively use the available library resources and other platforms
accessible to them and may produce a low level of motivation and self-efficacy in
communicating with the librarians, administrative personnel and the faculty members.
According to Banleman and Adjoa An Analysis of the Correlation Between
Academic Library Use and Student’s Academic Performance: A Case Study of UDS -WA
Campus (2017), Academic libraries are essential contributors to knowledge generation and
serve a wide spectrum of knowledge seekers. In fact, academic libraries have been described
as the "heart" of the university, because they provide a place for students and faculty to do
their research and advance their knowledge.
Association of College and Research Libraries (2017) Prior research on academic
library services have indicated that the impact of library services on information literacy
could be determined through. Association of College and Research Libraries
According to Soria, Fransen and Nackerud The Impact of Academic Library
Resources on Undergraduates’ Degree Completion (2017), Library impact research studies
continue to have advanced relevance in the field of academic libraries research and
assessment and in higher education as a whole.
According to Malatji Students perceptions of the role of the library in their studies at
Tshwane University of technology Polokwane campus (2017). The author further states that
in providing a wide variety of information sources libraries expose users to different
Information sources with their respective values. In addition, users are also provided with the
opportunity to learn and continue learning throughout their lives.
According to Rashida Importance of academic libraries in schools (2017). The school
library plays a great role in the life of students by serving as the store house of knowledge.
The importance of a library in a school cannot be over emphasized. While the role of the
school library remains constant, its design, digital platform, strategies and tools could change
as technology changes.
Rashida (2017). Importance of academic libraries in schools’ states that the
importance of school library cannot be over emphasized states that. A library is an important
source of knowledge to young minds in schools. It develops the important habit of reading
among the students. Every school should have a library.
Khushpreet S. et al (2017) states that a library is the memory of mankind and a
critical link between the present and the future generation of users. The present study is based
on a student’s survey of seven leading universities of north India. The 500 student’s data is
collected with the help of a questionnaire. The results show that students consult library
catalogue, search engines, and library catalogue, respectively to find information. In
searching for the needed information, students follow title, subject and author approach,
respectively. Library, the Internet, reference books and text books are used by both categories
of students in order of preference to get the required information.
Brar, K.S. (2017). States that library is the memory of humankind and a basic
connection between the present and the group of people yet to come of clients. The current
examination depends on an understudy's overview of seven driving colleges of north India.
 ELECTRON COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
The 500 understudy's information is gathered with the assistance of a poll. The outcomes
show that understudies counsel library index, web crawlers, and library inventory,
individually to discover data. In looking for the required data, understudies follow title,
subject and creator approach, individually. Library, the Web, reference books and course
readings are utilized by the two classes of understudies arranged by inclination to get the
necessary data
According to Lance and Kachel Why School librarians matter what years of research
tell us (2018) As the research and information arm of the school, school library programs can
provide professional development to teachers and instruct students on information use and
ethics. Fully integrated library programs with certified librarians can boost student
achievement and cultivate a collaborative spirit within schools.
According to Lance and Kachel Why school librarians matter what years of research
tell us (2018), In addition, newer studies, conducted over the last several years, show that
strong school libraries are also linked to other important indicators of student success,
including graduation rates and mastery of academic standards.
Lance and Kachel Why school librarian’s matter: What years of research tell us
(2018). States that when schools have high-quality library programs and librarians who share
their expertise with the entire school community, student achievement gets a boost.
John Cox (2018) states that a strong position in the institution is vital for any
academic library and affects its recognition, resourcing, and prospects. Higher education
institutions are experiencing radical change, driven by greater accountability, stronger
competition, and increased internationalization. They prioritize student success, competitive
research, and global reputation. This has significant implications for library strategy, space,
structures, partnerships, and identity. Strategic responses include refocusing from collections
to users, reorganizing teams and roles, developing partnerships, and demonstrating value.
Emphasis on student success and researcher productivity has generated learning commons
buildings, converged service models, research data management services, digital scholarship
engagement, and rebranding as partners. Repositioning is challenging, with the library no
longer perceived as the heart of the campus but institutional leadership often holding
traditional perceptions of its role.
Based on Lance and Kachel Why school librarian’s matter: What years of research
tell us (2018). When schools have high-quality library programs and librarians who share
their expertise with the entire school community, student achievement gets a boost.
Letiza Library instruction increases student educational success (2018). States that
librarians understand there are many factors that are at play in facilitating academic success,
but it is also clear that participating in library instruction is one of the central way’s students
develop the information literacy skills needed to have a successful undergraduate experience.
Letizia (2018) Library instruction increases student educational success. Many
students have not spent time in the library beyond campus tours, so getting them into the
library and talking with librarians is such a valuable experience. I’ve had many students tell
me that after our library sessions, they felt comfortable returning to the library on their own
and asking for help with their research projects.
According to Price and Virgina The Modern Academic Library: Space to Learn,"
South Carolina (2018), Students seek the library in order to find quiet space and one
 ELECTRON COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
technical college director noted that “as a commuter college student need a place away from
home and families for uninterrupted study.”

Related Studies

Scholastic (2016). states that since 1992, a growing body of research known as the school
library impact studies has consistently shown positive correlations between high-quality
library programs and student achievement.
Click, A. et al. (2017) states that findings show that articles published about
international students and academic libraries have increased steadily between 1990 and
2014.The majority of authors are affiliated with universities and institutions in the United
States, although an increase in represented countries is apparent. Fewer than half of the
articles can be considered original research, and surveys are the most popular method for
data collection.
According to Oliviera, M. (2017).The main overall factors which contribute to
student retention are: user-centered philosophy; involvement and engagement; student
identification and sense of belonging; academic success and achievement; and point grade
average (GPA) in the context of libraries, the main factors which contribute (or correlate) to
student retention are: library instruction; spaces which provide social interaction and
learning; and general materials’ use.
According to Johnson Make better use of the school library to get students excited
about books (2017), If you're trying to find ways to encourage your students to read, why not
try incorporating your school library into the mix? Discover how you can use your library
and all of its resources to motivate your students to read.
According to Goff and Clark School libraries: A literature review on current
provision and evidence of impact (2017), School libraries and school library provision are
not a critical juncture. In a time of educational reform, financial constraints and devolution of
decision- making powers, every aspects of school life have to demonstrate its value to the
wellbeing and attainment of the pupils in school.
According to Becker (2017) Assessment of use and quality of Library services,
accessibility and facilities by students at Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Theories
academic library plays a pivotal role in supporting teaching, learning and research. In support
of this role, the library needs to provide resources, facilities and services which will enable
students to fulfil their academic potential. The library is
further expected to support university plans for better student retention and reduction
of dropout rates
Soria, Krista M. et al. (2017) states that using the library at least one time in the first
year of enrollment significantly increased the odds that students would graduate in four years
or remain enrolled after four years as opposed to withdrawing from the university.
According to Kim (2017), the library is a preferred place to study and spent time
during non-class times. The access to information and computer resources and research
support services is the essential library services offered.
According to Chandrashekara, J. (2017). The level of users’ satisfaction about library
facilities and services of Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU). A well-structured
 ELECTRON COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
questionnaire was administered to research scholars of 92 research centers; and collect the
data regarding the effectiveness of library resources & services and analyze the level of
researcher's satisfaction in Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU). The survey
reveals that the library services in the VTU research center libraries is effective enough for
their users. VTU research center libraries users were also effective with the existing printed
journals, books, e-journals, thesis /dissertations/ project resource,
conference/workshop/seminars proceedings resources, abstracts, indexing resources.
Chandrashekara, J. (2017) states that he level of users’ satisfaction about library
facilities and services of Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU). A well-structured
questionnaire was administered to research scholars of 92 research centers; and collect the
data regarding the effectiveness of library resources & services and analyze the level of
researcher's satisfaction in Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU). The survey
reveals that the library services in the VTU research center libraries is effective enough for
their users. VTU research center libraries users were also effective with the existing printed
journals, books, e-journals, thesis/dissertations/project resource,
conference/workshop/seminars proceedings resources, abstracts, indexing resources. These
resources found to be around 50% effective and government publications, patents/standards
resources, CD ROM database resources are ineffective in library services. The researcher
observed that the overall effectiveness is good considering the VTU research center libraries.
LISBDNETWORK (2018) states that as a source of information, a library plays an
important role in the academic institution providing access to world-class information
resources and services and stimulates academic research in the country. Hence, the success of
any educational institution depends upon its library, as library services are fundamental,
which affect the whole educational system. National Knowledge Commission report
mentions that libraries play a pivotal role in the dissemination of knowledge. They are an
extremely important element of the foundation of a knowledge economy.
ADEBAYO, O.A. et al. (2018). Information Communication Technology (ICT) has
remained a catalyst in the issue of national advancement and development. Information, as
power is effectively an infinite resource and a vital tool needed for the development of all
sectors in any nation. It is therefore, imperative that application in libraries would go a long
way in satisfying the information need of the citizens. It is worthy of note, that the emergence
of ICT has impacted greatly on the quality of information provided through libraries. It also
enables proper and adequate provision of library services to library users from all disciplines.
In this 21st century, the drastic role of ICT in library operations cannot be over emphasized.
Many library routines and operations that were initially performed manually are now being
converted to computerized operations which means, applications of ICT techniques to
providing better and faster services to the end users. A nation without functional libraries and
information centers may lack access to information that would enable her sustainable
development. In this era of globalization, in which the world is connected, information gains
its power through permanent storage and wide distribution, which could be achieved through
ICT.
According to Pasheva (2018), libraries are the best areas where students can receive
support to solve their questions and problems, enhancing their study experience. Also, many
 ELECTRON COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
libraries give learners the possibility to use computers and engage with digital resources that
cover different subjects.
According to Miller Benefits of libraries for College students (2019) The library
supports reading and literacy among students and the community. The idea of a library
signals nothing else but reading and pursuit of knowledge. It forms a habit and tradition of
reading among students and members of the society.
According to Kristoff the many benefits of libraries (2019) School libraries are
fundamental to developing students as learners, teaching students the skills they need to
follow curiosity, find information, and apply knowledge to their academic and personal lives.
According to Dhan Kumar Mahilang & Dr. Sangeeta Sighn (2019) ICT has shown a
great impact on the services of the libraries. Today libraries are using it for better services
and fulfill the user needs. The use of ICT has greatly revolutionized the ways in which
information can be accessed by all those in need today technology is becoming a powerful
tool for communication and as a mean research for learning in Education area role of the
teacher training in the process of Educational innovation and the implementation of ICT. ICT
in library and information science Education it moved to more student-centered learning as a
world is moving rapidly toward digital information University need ICT based library and
information science (LIS) Curriculum and to adopt to modern web technology. Library and
Information science (LIS) education and skill in the knowledge Era.
Lapointe, M. (2019) states that Public libraries have many shared spaces that can be
used for students to read, study or complete assignments. Public libraries also provide
reliable Wi-Fi and sometimes a space to grab a coffee. This is nice for the students that may
be spending extended stretches at the library finishing schoolwork.
According to Nobel the importance of having a school library (2019), We provide
knowledge that students need to know about navigating a complex information landscape.
We focus on three pillars: inquiry, or the process of problem-solving; reading for pleasure
and purpose; and social responsibility, or how to use information responsibly.
Pasheva (2019) The importance of University libraries states that Libraries are
fundamental when looking to deliver a unique university experience, offering on-campus and
online students all the services they need to enhance their learning process. In addition,
libraries are very helpful to academics in the creation of engaging materials.
In accordance with Thein Soe (2020) Libraries organize collections and provide
access and services that incorporate changes in teaching, learning, and information
technologies. Libraries are established for the systematic collection, organization,
preservation, and dissemination of knowledge and information. Libraries provide access to
the information they need to work, play, learn, and govern. Libraries have been identified as
one of the key elements for open access to information, which is crucial to educational
development. Libraries often provide a place of silence for studying. Libraries in carrying out
this role of education can provide necessary materials such as textbooks, journals, magazines,
and exercise books related to the curriculum of the existing literacy institutions in the
community be it conventional schools or adult classes. In this way, it has assisted in the
campaign to make society a more literate one.
 ELECTRON COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Synthesis of the Related Literature and Studies

The collection of both foreign and local studies and literature above provides
information to the proponents that their proposed study that has similarities with other system
that which is widely used. Technology has brought new option that helped us improve.
Interaction is done through the use of computerized systems which above product of
technology processing. It is related on the effectiveness of using the library as a source of
information. As stated, libraries have bought many benefits to us that can help us improve
our skills and knowledge that guarantees an improvement of student’s academic
performance. The related literatures and studies indicate the different aspects on managing
student's academic records with the use of computerized record management. Nowadays,
most of the universities used a web-based record management to enhance their services that
they have rendered to their students.
In this study, the related literatures and studies focuses on how vital it is to have a
system-based record management that will benefit the students on getting or updating their
student academic profiles. This is related to the researcher's study because it supports the
aims of the researchers to enhance the current record management system in PASOA.
Manual difficulties in managing or handling the student academic records in the organization
is also related in our study. Moreover, this study is designed to implement the computer-
generated Student Academic Information Management System within the organization for
the purpose of improving the effectiveness and efficiency without any hassle upon accessing
student details or information and also simplifies the burden of everyone and to get every job
done in the more convenient and fastest way.

Theoretical Framework

This study is supported by the theory of Learning Theory and the Self-Reliant Library
User by Tuckett, H. and Stoffle, C. (1984) that reviews library instructions and proposes a
recent emerging new model that attempts to incorporate cognitive learning theory into
teaching problem solving skills.
The theory states that the library user education is not new phenomenon in library
services, While the last twenty-five (25) years have seen widespread growth and acceptance
of user education within the library profession, a concern with facilitating the library user’s
ability to exploit library and information resources has been voiced since the nineteenth
century. Otis Robinson’s (1876) statement states that the primary goal of library is the
development of self-reliant library users. The authors of this theory define a self-reliant user
as a successful bibliographic problem solver who learns through information use. The theory
finds out what are the benefits students can get by getting information in the school library.
This condition leads to students to gain skills to help them get their wanted information. One
of them is reading comprehension. Reading comprehension is the ability to process text,
understand its meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows. This ability
helps students to understand what they are reading and what is important. And by reading,
students can enhance their vocabulary, make their vocabulary improves as the time goes by
and improve their knowledge that students can use to understand the text meaning easily.
 ELECTRON COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
This theory determines the benefits of the library to the students. As the students read
more and gets information and knowledge to the library that student becomes the self-reliant
library user itself.

Conceptual framework

AUTHORS

BEHAVIOUR

BOOKS

BOOKS
ARRANGEMENT
ANALYSIS
BOOKSHELF
INTERVIEWS
DEMOGRAPHIC
PROFILE THE
QUESTIONNARES
- Age EFFECTIVENESS
- Gender OF LIBRARY AS A
SURVEYS
- Grade SOURCE OF
- Strand INFORMATION
TABULATION
INFORMATION

KNOWLEDGE

LATEST NEWS

PUBLISHERS

PUBLISHING DATE
Figure 1: Research Paradigm
READING
COMPREHENSSION
The “input” contains variables that determines the
READING SKILLS effectiveness of library as a source of information to grade
eleven (11) Information, Communication and Technology
SCHOOL LIBRARY (ICT) students. In view of this, the researchers decided to
identify variables such as the authors, behavior, books,
books arrangement, bookshelf, demographic profile (age, gender, grade and strand),
information, knowledge,
E L E C T R Olatest
N C Onews,
L L E publishers,
G E O F T Epublishing
C H N I C Adate,
L E Dreading
U C A Tcomprehension,
ION
reading skills, and the school library: that helps the library to become effective as a source of
information.

The “Process” is the method or steps on how the researchers collect data through
analysis, interviews, questionnaires, surveys, and tabulation: to achieve the output of the
study.

The “Output” is the result of the study after collecting the data needed. This is the
“Effectiveness of library as an information source for the grade eleven (11) Information,
Communication and Technology (ICT) students in the Main campus of Electron college.

Terminologies

Terms here are conceptually and operationally defined for better understanding of the
readers.

Admissions. These refer to the act or process of accepting someone as a student at a school.

Databased. This refer to a structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is
accessible in various ways.

Develop. This refers to grow or cause to grow and become more mature, advance maybe or
elaborate. Start to exist, experience, or have.

Dissemination. The act of spreading something, especially information, widely; circulation.

Enhancing. intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of.

Evaluation. This refers to the making of a judgement about the amount, number, or value of
something; assessment.

ICT. (Information and Communication Technologies) This refer to technologies that

provide access to information through telecommunications.

Information. These refers to facts provided or learned about something or someone. What is
conveyed or represented by a particular arrangement or sequence of things.

Information Technology. This refers to the Industry that uses computers, networking,
software programming, and other equipment and processes to store, process, retrieve,
transmit, and protect information.
PASOA. (Philippine
E L E C TAssociation
R O N C O Lof
L EStudents
G E O F inT E
Office
C H NAdministration)
I C A L E D U C A This
T I O refers
N to the
students’ organization in the University of Caloocan City, Camarin Campus.

Privacy. This us the state or condition of being free from being observed or disturbed by
other people.

Process. This is a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.

Records. These are the sum of the past achievements or actions of a person or organization;
a person or thing's previous conduct or performance.

SAIMS. (Student Academic Information Management System) This refers to a propose

online data-based system that contains all of the academic information of the PASOA
students.

Software. These are the programs and other operating information used by a computer.

System. This is a group of interacting or interrelated entities that form a unified whole.