Tuples

V Balasubramanian

Oct 31, 2023

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction

2 Tuples

3 Immutability

4 Tuple Assignment

5 Tuples as return Values

6 Built-in Functions with Tuples

7 Test Your Knowledge

8 Summary

9 Reference

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Introduction

Strings, are made up of characters.

Lists, are made up of elements of any type.
Strings are immutable.
Lists are mutable.

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Tuples
A tuple that is similar to a list except that it is immutable.
A tuple is a comma-separated list of values:
>>> Tuple = ’ a ’ , ’ b ’ , ’ c ’ , ’ d ’ , ’ e ’
>>> Tuple
( ’a ’ , ’b ’ , ’ c ’ , ’d ’ , ’ e ’ )
It is not necessary, it is conventional to enclose tuples in parentheses:
>>> Tuple = ( ’ a ’ , ’ b ’ , ’ c ’ , ’ d ’ , ’ e ’ )
>>> Tuple
( ’a ’ , ’b ’ , ’ c ’ , ’d ’ , ’ e ’ )
To create a tuple with a single element, we have to include the final
comma:
>>> T=() # empty t u p l e
>>> type (T)
<c l a s s ’ t u p l e ’>
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Tuples

Without the comma, Python treats (’a’) as a string in parentheses:

>>> T=( ’ a ’ )
>>> type (T) −−− <c l a s s ’ s t r ’>
>>> T=( ’ a ’ , )
>>> type (T) −−− <c l a s s ’ t u p l e ’>
The operations on tuples are the same as the operations on lists. The
index operator selects an element from a tuple.
>>> T=( ’ a ’ , ’ b ’ , ’ c ’ , ’ d ’ , ’ e ’ )
>>> T [ 2 ]
’c ’
The slice operator selects a range of elements.
>>> T [ 1 : 4 ]
( ’b ’ , ’ c ’ , ’d ’ )

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Tuples
# t u p l e w i t h mixed d a t a t y p e s
my tuple = ( 1 , ” H e l l o ” , 3 . 4 )
print ( my tuple ) # Output : ( 1 , ” H e l l o ” , 3 . 4 )
# nested tuple
my tuple = ( ”mouse” , [ 8 , 4 , 6 ] , ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) )
print ( my tuple , my tuple [ 0 ] [ 3 ] )
# Output : (” mouse ” , [ 8 , 4 , 6 ] , ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) ) ’s ’
# t u p l e can be c r e a t e d w i t h o u t p a r e n t h e s e s
# also c a l l e d t up l e packing
my tuple = 3 , 4 . 6 , ” dog ”
print ( my tuple ) # Output : ( 3 , 4 . 6 , ” dog ”)
# t u p l e unpacking i s a l s o p o s s i b l e
a , b , c = my tuple
print ( a ) # Output : 3
print ( b ) # 4 . 6
print ( c ) # dog
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Immutability

Modify one of the elements of the tuple:

>>> T=( ’ a ’ , ’ b ’ , ’ c ’ , ’ d ’ , ’ e ’ )
>>> T[ 0 ] = ’A ’
TypeError : ’ t u p l e ’ object d o e s not
s u p p o r t item a s s i g n m e n t
To modify the elements of a tuple, replace it with a different tuple
name:
>>> T=( ’A ’ ,)+T [ 1 : ]
>>> T
( ’A ’ , ’ b ’ , ’ c ’ , ’ d ’ , ’ e ’ )

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Tuple Assignment

Swapping two variables a and b:

temp = a
a = b
b = temp

Python provides a form of assignment called as tuple assignment

that solves swap neatly:
a, b = b, a

The left side is a tuple of variables.

The right side is a tuple of values.
Each value is assigned to its respective variable

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Tuple Assignment

All the expressions on the right side are evaluated before any of
the assignments.
This feature makes tuple assignment quite versatile.
>>> x=15
>>> x , y=5, x+2
>>> print ( x , y )
5 17

The number of variables on the left and the number of values on

the right have to be the same:
>>> a , b , c , d = 1 , 2 , 3
V a l u e E r r o r : not enough v a l u e s t o
unpack ( e x p e c t e d 4 , g o t 3 )

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Tuples as return Values

Functions can return tuples as return values.

For example,function that swaps two parameters:
def swap ( x , y ) :
return y , x
Assign the return values to a tuple with two variables:
a , b=5 ,4
a , b=swap ( a , b )
print ( a , b )

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Tuples as return Values

There is a danger in trying to encapsulate swap, which is the following

tempting mistake:
def swap1 ( x , y ) : # i n c o r r e c t v e r s i o n
x, y = y, x
Calling this function like this:
a , b=15 ,14
swap1 ( a , b )
print ( a , b )
a and x are not aliases for the same value.
Changing x inside swap1 makes x refer to a different value, but it has
no effect on a in main.
Similarly, changing y has no effect on b.

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Tuples Operations

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Built-in Functions with Tuples

Built-in functions are commonly used with tuples to perform different

tasks.
len(tuple) Gives the total length of the tuple.
max(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with max value.
min(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with min value.
tuple(seq) Converts a list into tuple.

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Built-in Functions with Tuples

t u p l e 1 = ( ’ 123 ’ , ’ xyz ’ , ’ zara ’ )

print ( len ( t u p l e 1 ) ) −−− 3
print (max( t u p l e 1 ) ) −−− zara
print (min( t u p l e 1 ) ) −−− 123

a L i s t = [ 1 2 3 , ’ xyz ’ , ’ z a r a ’ , ’ abc ’ ]
print ( a L i s t ) −−− [ 1 2 3 , ’ xyz ’ , ’ z a r a ’ , ’ abc ’ ]
aTuple = tuple ( a L i s t )
print ( aTuple ) −−− ( 1 2 3 , ’ xyz ’ , ’ z a r a ’ , ’ abc ’ )

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Built-in Functions with Tuples
t =(1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,4 ,6 ,3 ,4)
print ( t [ 0 ] ) −−− 1
print ( t [ 1 : 3 ] ) −−−(2,3)
print ( t [ : : − 1 ] ) − − ( 4 , 3 , 6 , 4 , 5 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1 )
print ( t . i n d e x (3))−−−2
print ( t . count (4))−−−3
print ( 3 in t)−−−True
print (sum( t ))−−−32
t =( ’ q ’ , ’ u ’ , ’ e ’ )
print ( tuple ( enumerate ( t ) ) ) − −((0, ’ q ’ ) , ( 1 , ’ u ’ ) , ( 2 , ’ e ’ ) )
print ( tuple ( enumerate ( t , 1 0 0 ) ) ) − − ( ( 1 0 0 , ’ q ’ ) ,
(101 , ’u ’ ) ,(102 , ’ e ’ ))
print (max( t ) ) −−u
print (min( t ))−−e
print ( tuple ( sorted ( t ))) − −( ’ e ’ , ’ q ’ , ’ u ’ )
print ( tuple ( reversed ( t ))) − −( ’ e ’ , ’ u ’ , ’ q ’ )
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Linear Search
n=int ( input ( ” Enter t h e number o f e l e m e n t s i n l i s t ” ) )
e l e =()
f o r i in range ( n ) :
i p=int ( input ( ” e n t e r t h e e l e m e n t a t %d”%( i ) ) )
e l e=e l e +( ip , )
print ( e l e )

s e a r c h=int ( input ( ” Enter t h e e l e m e n t t o be s e a r c h e d ” ) )

found=F a l s e
fo r i in range ( len ( e l e ) ) :
i f s e a r c h==e l e [ i ] :
print ( ”Found i n i n d e x ” , i )
found=True
break
i f found==F a l s e :
print ( ” e l e m e n t not found ” , −1)
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Matrix Addition

X= ( ( 1 1 , 2 9 , 3 0 ) , ( 1 4 , 2 5 , 1 6 ) )
Y= ( ( 1 2 , 2 0 , 2 ) , ( 1 , 1 0 , 5 ) )
r e s u l t =()

# i t e r a t e t h r o u g h rows
fo r i in range ( len (X ) ) :
# i t e r a t e t h r o u g h columns
row =()
for j in range ( len (X [ 0 ] ) ) :
row = row+(X[ i ] [ j ] + Y[ i ] [ j ] , )
r e s u l t=r e s u l t +(row , )
print ( r e s u l t )
for r in r e s u l t :
print ( r )

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Test Your Knowledge

1 Write a program that has a list of numbers(+ve, -ve). Make a new

tuple that has only +ve values.
2 Write a program to print maximum and minimum in a tuple.
3 Reverse a tuple using loop.
4 Give the properties of tuples

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Summary

Introduction to Tuple is discussed:

Creating a new tuple.
Accessing Elements in a tuple.
Immutability.
Tuple assignment, Tuple as return value.
Built-in functions.

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Reference

Think Python 2nd Edition by Allen B. Downey.

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