FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES,

EDUCACIÓN Y HUMANIDADES

Pedagogía de los Idiomas Nacionales y Extranjeros

Literature Review

NAME: Lissette Gabriela Ruchi Duchi

DATE: Sunday, October 29th, 2023

UTPL CENTER: Turubamba

UTPL EMAIL: lgruchi@utpl.edu.ec

CELLPHONE NUMBER: 0992125040

PROFESSOR: Mgtr. Gabriela Cecibel Inga Ordóñez

October 2023 – Febrero 2024

 Literature Review
Factors that influence the teaching-learning process

According to the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador, education is recognized as a right that

people have throughout their lives and an unavoidable and inexcusable duty of the State.
For this reason, an improvement in educational quality is sought through public policies in
all areas, including teaching second languages at the national level, allowing the
implementation of innovative methods and carrying out periodic evaluations through
planning carried out by teachers and administrative staff, where all members of the
educational community are involved.

Public policies (Definition, importance) Ecuadorian context-educational field

Definition

Acoording to Segovia (2022) in Public policies and governmentality of the Education

System Superior of Ecuador in the period 2008-2018, it is considered that the education
public polices is those activities made the state for ensure that every pearson count with
same possibility for get into in the education system. It also look for to achieve with needs
of people in the education ambit and improve performance improve the functioning of
educational practices in Ecuadorian territory.

Importance

Monge (2014) determined that the important of public policies are that to have potentiality
for to solve concrete problems not only in the ambit education if not in all areas that they
need. In additional, the public policies help to create a collaboration relationship between
society and government which it is characterized by wide participation of both parts in it
allows to identify the problem that it affects to the educational community either lack of
infrastructure, administrative problems, among others problems that they can appear
before, during or after educational periods. (Rivera, 2018)

PEI (Proyecto Educativo Institucional)

Definition

It is understood like “Proyecto Educativo Institucional” [Institutional educational project] to

the document which it helps to order and getion the actions that allow to ensure the quality
of learning and secury around in the educational establishment, through strategis where
they consideret every leves or courses that it has the institution. In this document also will
consider the periods time whether medium or long term for meet the proposed goals.
(MINEDUC,2020)

Purpose

The principal object of PEI in its acronym in Spanish is to be an integrative, inclusive, open
and flexible instrument where it concludes the strategy, methodology and management
team to achieve the vision and mission of educational institution. It also mentions different
characteristic that it can help identify the institution of other. (MINEDUC, 2020) Therefore,
we can say that it is a manual in which it seeks to show not only the way of teaching but
also the student who seeks to educate for society.

Importance

The PEI is an innovation implement in the education system, same as, it helps to promote
the participation of the educational community because it looks for implement
philosophical and pedagogical principles, which it is base in the common opinion of all the
elements that are part of the institution. In the same way, it allows you to manage
academic adaptation processes efficiently and effectively, whether internally or externally.
(MINEDUC,2020)

Structure

Within the structure of a PEI, there are different elements that they can separate into
subtopics, but for a good development of PEI, it can detect four fundamental aspects that
should be part of it at the time of carrying it out. The elements are identity, diagnosis,
pedagogical proposal and management proposal. The identity focuses on framing the
characteristics of the institution. The diagnosis seeks to identify needs and opportunities.
In the case of the pedagogical proposal, it focuses on the teaching-learning process and
the management proposals are organizational, administrative and financial aspects.
(USTA, 2013)

-Community (teacher, students, administrators, and family involvement in the

teaching-learning process)

Teachers

The teacher role always has been a pillar for learning process because they are the
means by which the students can achieve new knowledge. However, this role has
changed over time. In the start the teacher is a an authority figure who transmits his
knowledge in an autonomous and unkind way to the student, who frequently found himself
relegated to the background and the teacher focuses on the subject. ( García, 2021)

Currently, the role of teacher has undergone a drastic change, as mentioned by the doctor
in Education, María Veytia, in the interview conducted by Diana García (2021). Dr Veytai
mentions the following: "The role of the teacher is a guide, a mediator, a person who
accompanies the students to build knowledge both individually and collaboratively..." The
last mentioned being the new teacher's role.

Students

Like the teacher, the role of the student in the teaching-learning process has changed over
the years. I went from being secondary to becoming the main entity in the education
process, over time. It has been understood that what the student learns depends largely
on himself, his social and family environment, and any possible event that prevents him
from carrying out his neurological process in a common way. (Jesuitas, 2017)

However, it is necessary to understand that within a group of students, you can also find a
diversity of students, so each of them has their own objectives and goals that they want to
achieve. A clear example is those who are motivated to learn and are ready to follow
orders, while there are others with inadequate behaviors and need certain curricular
adaptations to complete the teaching-learning process. (Jesuitas, 2017)

Administrators
Administration as mentioned by Idalberto cited by Hill (2021) "It is the process of planning,
organizing, directing and controlling the use of resources to achieve organizational
objectives." This implies that the administrators or the administrative component within an
educational institution help to meet objectives in a more organized way because they are
in charge of directing, creating, and applying plans in the educational establishment.

Likewise, administrators within an educational institution are in charge of performance

evaluation processes for members of the educational community. Also, they are
responsible for creating communication spaces between teachers, students, and the
community, taking into consideration the construction of action strategies and the
allocation of resources for each process. (Hill,2021)

Family

Being known as the basis of society, and even mentioned in the 2008 Constitution, article
26, where it is recognized that “individuals, families and society have the right and
responsibility to participate in the educational process” It is understood It is in this place
where the first life lessons are received, one learns to speak, how to behave, manners and
the main values that accompany the growth and development of people.

This is the main reason why it is necessary to include the family in the educational process
and create safe environments, which influence the development and growth of children,
making them feel more secure and committed to giving better performance. Likewise, the
family on certain occasions is usually the example to follow professionally and the goal to
achieve in the future.(UNIR,2021)

The main aspects of the English classes

Planning

According to Carriazo, Perez, and Gaviria (2020), on a general level, planning is

understood as an instrument that helps to define purposes, goals, and objectives that the
teacher seeks in his or her classroom since it allows the integration of all the aspects that
they participate in the development activities of the students under their charge,
significantly facilitating the organization, execution, and control of the task. (Gaviria, Perez,
& Carriazo, 2020)
Likewise, in classes to teach a second language, it is essential that planning is part of the
classes that are taught because it will allow us to clearly have what objectives are sought
to be achieved in each activity proposed in the classroom, reducing the level of
uncertainty, to anticipate the development of the class, carrying out the rigorous and
coherent pedagogical task within the framework of a program. (Gaviria, Perez, & Carriazo,
2020)

Methods

According to the European University (2023), a methodology can be defined as "a set of
strategies, procedures, and actions organized and planned by teachers, in a conscious
and reflective manner, with the aim of enabling student learning and the achievement of
the stated objectives.” This is the way in which the teacher designs and organizes the
classes he will teach, thinking about the group and individual needs of the class.

There are a number of methodologies that can be applied to the teaching of a second
language, such as English, but the most recommended are those that include some other
type of content or topic mixed together with the language to be taught. A clear example is
content-based instruction (CBI) or content language integrated learning (CLIL), which
mixes subjects of interest to students along with English. (Europea, 2023)

Feedback

Feedback is considered an extremely useful tool at all educational levels when the time
comes to state what objectives have been achieved from the planning carried out. It is not
only useful for the teacher, but also for the student, since, through this process, they can
identify what is being done well, what can be improved, and how it can be done. (De la
Torre, 2020)

Therefore, it is necessary to keep in mind that for the feedback to be correct and useful, it
should not be judged on the student but on the work that has been done through
assessments, seeking for the student to identify his or her errors. Furthermore, it is
necessary that once the problem is identified, the student is motivated to look for
innovative ways to progress. (De la Torre, 2020)
The role of classroom observation in pre-service teaching

According to SNEPE (2017), "participant class observation (in situ) is a resource to provide
feedback on pedagogical practices of the teacher in the classroom" since when we talk
about a classroom we are not only referring to the physical environment where activities
carried out by the teacher and the students are carried out. It is a place where
relationships are created and the human intellect is developed.

Therefore, the observation of a class taught by a teacher is fundamental since it allows us

to monitor and identify if the proposed PEI is being carried out. In addition to helping to
achieve the quality of student learning, possible problems can be identified. At a more
educational level, we can learn to identify how to run a class, what curricular adaptations
must be made in the case of vulnerable people, and what a teacher's behavior should be
like. (SNEPE, 2017)
 REFERENCES

De la Torre, C. (June 3, 2020). Make the most of feedback in learning. Obtained from
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya: https://blogs.uoc.edu/epce/es/saca-maximo-provecho-
feedback-aprendizaje-webinar-teresa-guasch-anna-espasa/

European, U. (February 24, 2023). Types of educational methodologies: how to choose

the best one. Obtained from European University Online: https://innovacion-
educativa.universidadeuropea.com/noticias/tipos-metodologias-educativas/

García, D. (May 2021). THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT.
Obtained from gazette_ uaeh.

Gaviria, K., Perez, M., & Carriazo, C. (2020). Educational planning as a fundamental tool
for quality education. Utopia and Latin American Praxis, 87-95.

Hill, M. (2022). THE IMPORTANCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER

EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS. Obtained from Societas. Journal of Social and Humanistic
Sciences: http://portal.amelica.org/ameli/journal/341/3413160012/html/

Juan, J. F. (2017). The Role of the Student in the Teaching-Learning Process. Obtained
from Jesuitas: https://jesuitasaru.org/el-rol-del-alumno-en-el-ceso-de-ensenanza-
aprendizaje/

The Republic. (September 20, 2014). The importance of public policies. Obtained from La
Republica.net:
https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/_la_importancia_de_las_politicas_publicas_

Ministry of education, sports and culture. (2001). Methodology in teaching English. Madrid:
General Technical Secretary.

Segovia, L. (2022). Public policies and governmentality of the Higher Education System of
Ecuador in the period 2008-2018. Obtained from the Repository of the Simón Bolívar
Andean University: https://repositorio.uasb.edu.ec/bitstream/10644/9042/1/T3962-MG-
Segovia-Politicas.pdf

SNEPE. (2017). Class Observation as a Strategy for Monitoring the Institutional

Improvement Plan. Obtained from the Government of Paraguay:
https://www.mec.gov.py/cms_v2/adjuntos/15356?1558358473
BIND. (July 30, 2021). What is the importance of family in education? Obtained from
UNIR, the university on the internet: https://ecuador.unir.net/actualidad-unir/familia-
educacion/#:~:text=La%20familia%20es%20la%20base,el%20ceso%20de%20ense
%C3%B1ance%2Dlearning.

Santo Tomas University. (2013). Components of the PEI. Obtained from Universidad
Santo Tomás:
https://soda.ustadistancia.edu.co/enlinea/Contenidos_Momento_2_Curriculo_PEI/compon
entes_del_pei.html

Simón Bolívar Andean University. (2019). Public policies and public management: an
analysis from theory and practice1. Obtained from UASB Magazine:
https://revistas.uasb.edu.ec/index.php/eg/article/download/1207/1125#:~:text=Con%20las
%20pol%C3%ADticas%20p%C3% BAblicas%20el, co-
creation%C3%B3n%20of%20las%20pol%C3%ADticas%20p%C3%BAblicas.