Exploring Coaching Perspectives and Practices: Swim-Specific Dryland Training and Dynamic

Stability in Competitive Swimming in Suriname

Anis Ade-Thomas

Faculty of Sport, University of the West Indies Global Campus

SPKN3121: Research Project

Instructor:

Date:
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Thesis Statement Investigating the factors influencing the adoption of dynamic stability testing and

swim-specific dryland training among swim coaches in Suriname, this qualitative exploratory study aims

to elucidate the barriers and facilitators shaping coaching practices in the realm of competitive

swimming. By delving into coaches' perspectives, beliefs, and challenges regarding these training

methods, the study seeks to uncover underlying reasons for their limited implementation. Through

interviews or focus groups, the research will explore coaches' attitudes towards dynamic stability testing

and swim-specific dryland training, identifying strategies to promote their uptake within Suriname's

swimming community.

Introduction

Competitive swimming in Suriname presents a dynamic arena where coaches grapple with the

dual challenge of enhancing athlete performance and minimizing injury risks. With a keen awareness of

prevalent shoulder injuries and the demanding schedules imposed on athletes, Surinamese coaches are

tasked with navigating these complexities. The persistent strain experienced by swimmers underscores

the urgent need for innovative strategies to enhance endurance, resilience, and overall performance

while mitigating injury risks. In this context, sport-specific training programs emerge as promising

solutions, offering tailored approaches to alleviate the physical demands of rigorous swimming

regimens.

However, the implementation of such programs is not without obstacles. Coaches encounter

various impediments in integrating dynamic stability testing and swim-specific dryland training into their

coaching methodologies. Understanding the factors that facilitate or hinder the adoption of these

transformative training techniques is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of coaching practices in

Suriname's swimming community. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the perspectives of Surinamese

swim coaches regarding dynamic stability testing and swim-specific dryland training. Through qualitative

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inquiry, the research aims to uncover the barriers and enablers influencing the uptake of these

methodologies. By shedding light on these factors, the study endeavors to provide insights that

empower coaches to optimize athlete performance and mitigate injury risks effectively.

Drawing upon a comprehensive review of existing literature, this study situates itself within a

theoretical framework that emphasizes the critical importance of optimizing athlete performance and

preventing injuries in competitive swimming. By addressing pertinent issues within Suriname's

swimming community, this research contributes to the advancement of coaching practices and the

overall development of swimmers in Suriname.

Literature Review

In the realm of strength assessment among competitive swimmers, Amara et al. (2021) and

Nuno Batalha et al. (2020) underscore the importance of upper body strength for swimming

performance. Amara et al. examine the correlation between predicted one repetition maximum (1RM)

push-ups and swimming performance, highlighting the significance of robust upper body musculature.

Conversely, Nuno Batalha et al. focus on a shoulder rotator injury prevention training program, aiming

to fortify strength and muscle balance. These findings provide valuable insights for Surinamese swim

coaches, emphasizing the need for tailored strength training regimens to optimize swimmers' potential

and prevent injuries. In summary, strength training on dry land appears to improve propulsion in water,

particularly for short-distance events (Morouço et al., 2012), additionally, incorporating movement

velocity into training programs could enhance exercise specificity.

Transitioning to dynamic stability and balance, studies by Bartolomeu et al. (2023), Varma and

Gokhale (2021), and Xu et al. (2023) explore critical aspects of swimmers' stability. Bartolomeu et al.

emphasize the nexus between upper-quadrant dynamic balance and swimming performance, stressing

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the importance of stability for achieving faster speeds. Varma and Gokhale investigate static and

dynamic balance among competitive swimmers, highlighting their superior balance acumen.

Additionally, Xu et al. assess the reliability of the Upper Extremity Star Excursion Balance Test (UESEBT)

among adolescent swimmers, underlining the importance of upper limb dynamic balance. These studies

advocate for the integration of dynamic balance exercises into training routines to enhance swimmers'

stability and overall performance. The findings from Bartolomeu et al. emphasize the importance of

upper-quadrant dynamic balance for achieving faster speeds in swimmers. Swim coaches can integrate

specific drills and exercises targeting upper body stability into training sessions to enhance performance

in Surinamese swimmers

In their study, Dalamitros et al. (2023) utilize an online survey methodology to delve into swim

coaches' perceptions and practices in competitive swimming. They uncover significant correlations

between coaches' educational levels and training approaches, emphasizing the need for tailored coach

education programs. . One prominent challenge in Suriname is the deficiency in effective swim-specific

coaching courses, hindering coaches' ability to advance their expertise. Research conducted by the

University of the West Indies & CREPS Antilles Guyane highlights a discernible need for accessible

courses in communication, leadership, pedagogy, and specialized sports skills. This underscores the

necessity for addressing this gap by providing affordable and comprehensive training opportunities

tailored to the specific needs of swim coaches in Suriname.

Conversely, Margaret's study (2022) focuses on underwater fly kick coaching practices, offering

insights into effective coaching methodologies. Similarly, Wirth et al.'s literature review (2022) highlights

the critical need for a well-designed strength training program tailored to swimmers' needs. Addressing

the research questions, this proposal aims to explore the perspectives, current practices, and

perceptions of swim coaches in Suriname regarding dynamic stability testing and swim-specific dryland

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training for competitive swimmers. By critically evaluating existing literature and directly addressing

identified gaps, this study seeks to provide valuable insights for Surinamese swim coaches, ultimately

enhancing their coaching practices and contributing to the development of competitive swimming in

Suriname.

Problem Statement: Despite the growing recognition of the importance of dynamic stability testing and

swim-specific dryland training in competitive swimming, there is limited understanding of the

perspectives and practices of swim coaches in Suriname regarding the implementation of these training

methodologies. This knowledge gap hinders the development of effective strategies to enhance the

physical resilience and performance of Surinamese swimmers.

Research Objectives

a) To explore the perspectives of swim coaches in Suriname regarding the importance of dynamic

stability testing and swim-specific dryland training for competitive swimmers.

b) To investigate the current practices of swim coaches in Suriname concerning dynamic stability

testing and swim-specific dryland training.

c) To identify the benefits of dynamic stability testing and swim-specific dryland training as

perceived by swim coaches in Suriname.

d) To assess the perceived barriers to implementing dynamic stability testing and swim-specific

dryland training methodologies among swim coaches in Suriname.

e) To examine how swim coaches in Suriname prioritize and integrate dynamic stability testing and

swim-specific dryland training into their coaching programs.

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f) To evaluate swim coaches' perceptions of the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing

dynamic stability testing and swim-specific dryland training in Suriname, including the

challenges encountered and potential solutions for overcoming them.

Research Questions:

1. What are the perspectives of swim coaches in Suriname regarding the importance of dynamic

stability testing and swim-specific dryland training for competitive swimmers? Sub-questions:

 What are the benefits of dynamic stability testing and swim-specific dryland training?

 What are the perceived barriers to implementing these training methodologies?

 How do coaches prioritize and integrate these methodologies into their training

programs?

2. What are the current practices of swim coaches in Suriname concerning dynamic stability testing

and swim-specific dryland training? Sub-questions:

 To what extent do coaches incorporate dynamic stability testing into their assessment

protocols?

 What dryland training exercises are commonly prescribed by coaches, and how are they

tailored to address swimming-specific needs?

 Are there variations in coaching practices based on experience level, coaching

philosophy, or athlete demographics?

3. How do swim coaches in Suriname perceive the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing

dynamic stability testing and swim-specific dryland training? Sub-questions:

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 What indicators do coaches use to assess the effectiveness of these training

methodologies?

 What challenges do coaches encounter in implementing dynamic stability testing and

swim-specific dryland training, and how do they attempt to overcome these challenges?

 What support or resources do coaches believe would facilitate more widespread

adoption of these methodologies within the Surinamese swimming community?

Methodology

Study Design: The proposed methodology for this research employs a narrative inquiry approach to

explore the perspectives, beliefs, and challenges of swim coaches regarding the adoption of dynamic

stability testing and swim-specific dryland training in Suriname's competitive swimming domain.

Narrative inquiry emphasizes the importance of storytelling and allows participants to share their

experiences in their own words, providing rich, contextualized data.

Justification:

1. Exploration of Perspectives: Narrative inquiry allows for a comprehensive exploration of

coaches' perspectives by providing them with a platform to narrate their experiences without

predefined categories. This approach enables researchers to understand coaches' motivations,

concerns, and aspirations related to training methodologies.

2. Contextual Understanding: By focusing on individual narratives, narrative inquiry facilitates a

deeper understanding of the contextual factors influencing coaching practices in Suriname.

Coaches' stories shed light on the cultural, social, and organizational influences shaping their

approach to training, enriching the data with contextual insights.

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3. Flexibility and Depth: Narrative inquiry offers flexibility in data collection and analysis, allowing

researchers to adapt their approach based on emerging themes and insights. In-depth

interviews provide researchers with the opportunity to delve into coaches' narratives,

uncovering nuanced perspectives and hidden patterns.

4. Participant Empowerment: Engaging coaches in storytelling empowers them to voice their

experiences and perspectives, fostering collaboration in the research process. Coaches become

active participants, contributing to a more authentic portrayal of their realities.

Sampling

Setting: The study will take place in Suriname, specifically within the context of competitive swimming

clubs, and organizations where swim coaches are actively involved in coaching athletes.

Population: The population includes swim coaches in Suriname who are responsible for training

competitive swimmers. These coaches represent a diverse group with varying levels of experience,

coaching philosophies, and access to resources.

Participants: Swim coaches are considered appropriate participants for this study as they possess

firsthand knowledge and experiences related to dynamic stability testing and swim-specific dryland

training within the context of competitive swimming in Suriname. Their perspectives, practices, and

challenges are essential for understanding the implementation and effectiveness of these training

methodologies.

Sampling Method: Convenience sampling will be utilized to select participants from a pool of swim

coaches who are actively engaged in coaching competitive swimmers in Suriname. This method is

chosen for its practicality and accessibility, allowing for the inclusion of coaches who are readily

available and willing to participate in the study.

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Sample Size: Estimate and Rationale: The sample size will aim to include approximately 8-12 swim

coaches, ensuring a sufficiently diverse range of perspectives while also maintaining manageability

within the scope of the study. This size allows for in-depth exploration of individual experiences and

practices while ensuring that common themes and patterns across participants can be identified.

Additionally, the qualitative nature of the study prioritizes depth over breadth, making smaller sample

sizes appropriate for generating rich, detailed insights into the research questions.

Recruitment Procedure

1. Initial Contact: Swim coaches affiliated with competitive swimming clubs in Suriname will be

contacted via email, phone calls, or in-person visits to introduce the research project. They will

receive an invitation to participate in the study.

2. Invitation to Participate: Coaches who express interest in participating will be provided with

detailed information about the research objectives, procedures, and confidentiality measures.

They will also be informed about the voluntary nature of their participation and their right to

withdraw at any time without consequence.

3. Recommendation of Participants: Participating coaches will be asked to recommend other

coaches who might be willing to take part in the study. This snowball sampling approach will

help expand the participant pool and potentially capture a diverse range of perspectives.

4. Informed Consent: Prior to participation, all recruited coaches will be required to provide

informed consent. This will involve signing a consent form indicating their understanding of the

study's purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits, as well as their voluntary agreement to

participate.

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5. Survey/Questionnaire Administration: Participating coaches will be provided with a survey or

questionnaire via e-mail to gather data on their perspectives, practices, and perceptions

regarding dynamic stability testing and swim-specific dryland training. The survey/questionnaire

will include open-ended and closed-ended questions to capture both qualitative and

quantitative data.

6. Data Collection: Once the survey/questionnaire responses are collected, they will be securely

stored and analyzed to identify key themes, patterns, and insights related to the research

objectives.

7. Confidentiality Measures: To maintain confidentiality, all participant information will be

anonymized during data analysis and reporting. Any identifying information will be kept

separate from the research data to ensure the privacy of participants.

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Data Collection:

The data collection plan for this qualitative study involves conducting semi-structured interviews

with swim coaches in Suriname. Semi-structured interviews were chosen as the primary method of data

collection due to their flexibility in allowing for in-depth exploration of participants' perspectives, beliefs,

and experiences regarding dynamic stability testing and swim-specific dryland training. This approach

enables researchers to gather rich, detailed narratives from participants, capturing their nuanced

insights and facilitating a comprehensive understanding of coaching practices in the Surinamese

swimming community.

Data Analysis

Data collection for this study will involve administering surveys or questionnaires to swim

coaches in Suriname, with responses collected electronically or in hard copy format. The analysis will be

conducted using QDA Miner software, allowing for thematic analysis of qualitative data and quantitative

analysis of closed-ended questions. The software enables coding, categorization, visualization, and

integration of data, facilitating a comprehensive exploration of coaches' perspectives and practices

regarding dynamic stability testing and swim-specific dryland training. This approach enables a

comprehensive exploration of coaching practices in competitive swimming in Suriname, facilitating the

generation of rich insights into optimizing athlete performance and mitigating injury risks.

Pre-existing themes will not be utilized in the study; instead, themes will emerge naturally from

the qualitative data analysis process, involving coding, categorization, and theme development. This

approach ensures that the themes authentically reflect the perspectives of Surinamese swim coaches

interviewed. By deriving themes directly from the data, researchers aim to maintain the integrity and

accuracy of the findings, capturing the nuances of coaches' views on swim-specific dryland training and

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dynamic stability testing. Data retention will adhere to institutional and ethical guidelines, with a

minimum retention period of 3 months after the study's completion. At the end of this period, data will

be permanently deleted from all devices and platforms using secure deletion methods to ensure

confidentiality, while any hard copies will be shredded and disposed of in compliance with data

protection regulations. This rigorous approach to data management and analysis ensures the integrity

and confidentiality of the research findings while adhering to ethical standards and regulations.

Ethical Considerations

In compliance with legal and ethical requirements, the researchers will seek approval from

relevant authorities before conducting the study. The process for obtaining informed consent from

participants will involve providing detailed information about the study's purpose, procedures, risks, and

benefits, both orally and through written consent forms. Justification for oral informed consent will be

provided, emphasizing its appropriateness for the context of Surinamese swim coaches who may have

varying levels of literacy or prefer oral communication. Participants will have the right to refuse

participation or withdraw at any time without consequence. They will be informed of the potential

benefits of participation, including contributing to research that may enhance coaching practices in

competitive swimming, without any direct compensation offered to maintain impartiality and avoid

coercion.

Limitations

The proposed study may encounter several theoretical and methodological limitations that

could impact the generalizability of its findings. Firstly, the sample size of Surinamese swim coaches may

be limited, potentially restricting the representativeness of the perspectives obtained. Additionally, the

subjective nature of qualitative data analysis may introduce researcher bias, despite efforts to maintain

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objectivity through rigorous coding and interpretation procedures. Furthermore, the study's focus on

swim-specific dryland training and dynamic stability testing may overlook other factors influencing

coaching practices and athlete performance in competitive swimming. Finally, the reliance on self-report

data from interviews may be subject to social desirability bias, as participants may provide responses

they perceive as favorable rather than their true opinions or experiences. Moreover, the language

barrier, as Sranan Tongo is spoken in Suriname, maybe a limitation, affecting the depth of

communication and comprehension during interviews. Recognizing these limitations is essential for

interpreting the study's findings accurately and understanding their broader applicability to the field of

competitive swimming coaching in Suriname.

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References

Amara, S., Oussama Gaied Chortane, Yassine Negra, Raouf Hammami, Khalifa, R., Sabri Gaied

Chortane, & Roland. (2021). Relationship between Swimming Performance, Biomechanical

Variables and the Calculated Predicted 1-RM Push-up in Competitive Swimmers. International

Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11395–11395.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111395

Bartolomeu, R. F., Sampaio, T., Oliveira, J. P., Barbosa, T. M., & Morais, J. E. (2023). Association

between the Upper Quarter Dynamic Balance, Anthropometrics, Kinematics, and Swimming

Speed. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 8(3), 96–96.

https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8030096

Dalamitros, A. A., Nikolopoulos, A., Katerina Varsamidou, Vassilios Gourgoulis, Aglaia Zafeiroudi,

Loukovitis, A., … Powell, C. (2023). Swimming coaches’ professional development and training

practices: an international survey. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1229066

Margaret, I. (2022). Coaching practices to develop underwater fly kick performance in swimming

training - Isobel Margaret Thompson, Martin Warner, Dominic Hudson, Joseph Banks, Oliver

Logan, 2022. Retrieved February 17, 2024, from International Journal of Sports Science &

Coaching website: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/17479541221101598

Morouço, P. G., Marinho, D. A., Amaro, N. M., Pérez-Turpin, J. A., & Marques, M. C. (2012). Effects

of dry-land strength training on swimming performance: a brief review. Journal of Human Sport

and Exercise, 7(2), 553–559. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.72.18

Nuno Batalha, Paixão, C., António José Silva, Costa, M. J., Mullen, J., & Barbosa, T. M. (2020). The

Effectiveness of a Dry-Land Shoulder Rotators Strength Training Program in Injury Prevention

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in Competitive Swimmers. Journal of Human Kinetics, 71(1), 11–20.

https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0093

University of the West Indies , & CREPS Antilles Guyane . (n.d.). Regional study on skills and training

needs of high level coaches from the caribbean.

Varma, K., & Gokhale, P. (2021, August 26). Assessment of Static and Dynamic Balance in Swimmers.

Retrieved February 23, 2024, from ResearchGate website:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354187624_Assessment_of_Static_and_Dynamic_Bala

nce_in_Swimmers

Wirth, K., Keiner, M., Fuhrmann, S., Nimmerichter, A., & G. Gregory Haff. (2022). Strength Training

in Swimming. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5369–

5369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095369

Xu, H.-R., Zhang, Y.-H., Mao, Y., Thanh Luan Ngo, Zhang, Q., He, G., … Wang, X.-Q. (2023).

Validity and reliability of upper extremity star excursion balance test in adolescent swimmers.

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 21(2), 210–217.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2023.02.003

Yoo Jung Kwon, Soo Jin Park, Jefferson, J., & Kim, K. (2013). The Effect of Open and Closed Kinetic

Chain Exercises on Dynamic Balance Ability of Normal Healthy Adults. Journal of Physical

Therapy Science, 25(6), 671–674. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.671

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Appendix A: Semi-Structured Interview Guide

Introduction:

The semi-structured interview guide provided in this appendix outlines the questions and prompts that

will be used during interviews with Surinamese swim coaches as part of the research on dynamic

stability testing and swim-specific dryland training in competitive swimming. The purpose of these

interviews is to gather insights into the perspectives and practices of swim coaches regarding these

training methodologies. Each question is designed to elicit detailed responses from participants,

allowing for a comprehensive exploration of the research topics.

Demographic Information:

1. What is your age?

2. How many years of experience do you have as a swim coach?

3. What is your highest level of education?

4. What level (s) of certifications or specialized training you may have for swimming?

Background Information:

5. Can you tell me about your experience as a swim coach in Suriname?

6. How long have you been coaching, and what prompted you to pursue coaching in competitive

swimming?

7. What are the primary goals you aim to achieve as a swim coach, both for yourself and for your

athletes?

8. Can you provide some insight into the typical training regimen for competitive swimmers in

Suriname, including the frequency and intensity of training sessions?

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Perspectives on Dynamic Stability Testing:

9. How familiar are you with the concept of dynamic stability testing in the context of competitive

swimming?

10. In your opinion, what role does dynamic stability testing play in assessing and improving

swimmer performance and injury prevention?

11. Have you ever incorporated dynamic stability testing into your coaching practices? If so, could

you describe how you implemented it and what outcomes you observed?

Perspectives on Swim-Specific Dryland Training:

12. What is your understanding of swim-specific dryland training, and how does it differ from

traditional dryland exercises?

13. What are the key benefits you perceive in integrating swim-specific dryland training into a

swimmer's training regimen?

14. Can you share any specific dryland exercises or routines you commonly prescribe to your

swimmers? How do you tailor these exercises to address swimming-specific needs?

Challenges and Barriers:

15. What challenges or barriers do you encounter in implementing dynamic stability testing and

swim-specific dryland training in your coaching practice?

16. How do you navigate these challenges, and what strategies do you employ to overcome them?

17. Are there any resource limitations or constraints that affect your ability to incorporate these

training methodologies effectively?

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Effectiveness and Feasibility:

18. From your experience, how do swimmers typically respond to dynamic stability testing and

swim-specific dryland training?

19. Do you notice any improvements in their performance or injury resilience?

20. What indicators or metrics do you use to assess the effectiveness of these training

methodologies?

21. In your opinion, how feasible is it to implement dynamic stability testing and swim-specific

dryland training within the Surinamese swimming community? What factors contribute to or

hinder their adoption?

Future Directions:

22. Looking ahead, what do you envision as the future of coaching practices in competitive

swimming in Suriname?

23. How do you see dynamic stability testing and swim-specific dryland training evolving in the

coming years?

24. Are there any areas of research or development you believe warrant further exploration in the

context of swim coaching in Suriname?

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Appendix B: Informed Consent Form

Consent Form for Participation in Research

Title of the Study: Exploring Perspectives on Swim-Specific Training and Dynamic Stability Testing among

Surinamese Swim Coaches

Principal Investigator: Anis Ade-Thomas

Contact Information: anis.adethomas@my.open.uwi.edu/ +597-826-4677

Introduction: You are invited to participate in a research study aimed at exploring the perspectives and

experiences of swim coaches in Suriname regarding swim-specific training and dynamic stability testing

in competitive swimming. Before you decide whether to participate, you must understand the purpose

of the study, what your involvement will entail, and your rights as a participant.

Study Procedures:

 If you agree to participate, you will be asked to take part in a semi-structured interview. The

interview will be conducted either in person, over the phone, or via video call, based on your

preference and convenience.

 The interview is expected to last approximately [estimated duration] and will involve open-

ended questions about your experiences as a swim coach, your perspectives on swim-specific

training and dynamic stability testing, and any challenges or successes you have encountered in

implementing these methodologies.

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Risks and Benefits:

 There are minimal risks associated with participating in this study. You may experience mild

discomfort or inconvenience when discussing sensitive topics during the interview.

 The benefits of participating include contributing to research aimed at improving coaching

practices in competitive swimming, gaining insights into innovative training methodologies, and

potentially enhancing the performance and well-being of swimmers in Suriname.

Confidentiality:

 Your privacy and confidentiality will be strictly protected throughout the study. Any information

you provide will be kept confidential and will only be accessible to the research team.

 Your name and any identifying information will be kept separate from your interview responses.

Data will be stored securely and will only be used for research purposes.

Voluntary Participation and Withdrawal:

 Participation in this study is entirely voluntary. You have the right to refuse to participate or

withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.

 Your decision to participate or decline participation will not affect your current or future

relationship with the researcher or any affiliated institutions.

Questions and Further Information:

 If you have any questions about the study or your participation, please do not hesitate to

contact the principal investigator at the contact information provided above.

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 If you have any concerns about your rights as a participant in this study, you may also contact

the [Name of Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee] at [Contact Information for Ethics

Committee].

Consent:

 By signing below, you indicate that you have read and understood the information provided in

this consent form.

 You voluntarily agree to participate in the research study described above.

 You understand that you have the right to withdraw from the study at any time without

consequence.

 You consent to the recording and use of the information provided during the interview for

research purposes.

Participant's Signature: _________________________ Date: _________________________

Researcher's Signature: _________________________ Date: _________________________

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