June Leonard T.

Mingo 2nd year- BA Political Science

POS 144- Asian Political Thought

Assignment: Annotation

Orozco, D. (2017). CONFUCIUS VS. THE WOMEN OF CHINA: A FEMINIST STRUGGLE.

Carlifornia State University, Long Beach, 1–27.
https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/tx31qk79f#:~:text=From%20controversial%
20practices%2C%20such%20as,should%20take%20a%20backseat%20in

Dina Orozco, from California State University, Long Beach wrote this paper that was published
in the said University. She also studied abroad in Shanghai under the course in Chinese History
which inspired her to write this thesis regarding Feminism in China. In this paper, she explores the
intersection of Confucianism and the oppression of women in China, analyzing the extent to which
Confucian teachings have contributed to patriarchal tendencies in China. Orozco highlights the
historical practices such as foot binding in Chinese culture and the relegation of women to
subordinate roles as evidence of Confucian ideas on gender inequality in Chinese Society. This
article is relevant to the course for the reason that it examines the intersection between traditional
philosophies and contemporary social challenges and its implications, particularly gender
inequality in China. The author’s analysis provides insights into the cultural and ideological
elements and factors that shapes gender dynamics in China. Strength if this paper includes its
rigorous examination of historical practices and its exploration of the potential for reconciling
Confucian values with feminist principles. However, there is biases in the author’s perspective, as
indicated by the emphasis on feminist critique of Confucianism. Moreover, this article provides
valuable insights, it may not fully address the complexities of gender dynamics in China. Overall,
the study advances our understanding Confucianism’s role in shaping gender relations in China
and prompts reflection on the potential for cultural and ideological development to address
inequality between men and women.

SAXENA, K. (1994). EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN : THE INDIAN CONTEXT.

The Indian Journal of ,55(4),391400.http://www.jstor.org/stable/41855710

Kiran Saxena, an Assistant professor of Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi Inda published
this paper in The Indian Journal of Political Science. This article examines the situation of
women’s empowerment in Indian society taking into account the country’s political arena, cultural
landscape and social landscape of the country. It explores the structural and ideological barriers
that prevent women’s participation in democratic procedure and decision-making roles in Indian
society, at the same time examining the historical evolution of the women’s movement in India
through four distinct phases. This paper examines the concept that Indian women have achieved
political equality without struggle and hindrances, focusing the continuous challenges, prejudice
and discrimination faced by women in different aspects of society. It also discusses the interplay
of gender prejudice and biases with cultural norms and religion, emphasizing the need for
grassroots empowerment initiatives to combat systemic inequalities. This article provides a
valuable insight that could serve for debate and discussion about gender inequality in India,
aligning with the course’s focus on understanding political philosophies in Asian societies. It also
presents comprehensive and critical analysis of women’s empowerment within the context of
India. It also offers critical perspectives and perspectives on the limitations of constitutional rights
in fostering gender equality. Saxena’s work enriches the understanding of Asian Political Thought
by highlighting the multiple nature of gender inequality in India and its implication to gender
equality and democratic governance.

Koh, E. (2008). Gender Issues and Confucian Scriptures: Is Confucianism Incompatible with
Gender Equality in South Korea? Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,
University of London, 71(2), 345–362. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40378774

Eunkang Koh a Korean author, penned this article which was published by Cambridge University
Express on behalf of School of Oriental and African Studies. The author of this paper digs into
contentious argument and discussion about Confucianism and its relationships to Gender Equality
in Korean society. She investigates whether Confucian philosophy and ideology perpetuates
women’s subornation to men by examining key Confucian texts such as The Book of Change, The
Book of Poetry, and The Analects. Through this analysis with modern feminist discourse, the
author explores and investigates the historical as well as the philosophical basis of Gender
inequality that is present in Korea. The author’s research of Confucianism in South-Korea, goes
beyond textual analysis to explore its broader socio-political implications and modern feminist
perspectives. This article provides comprehensive and valuable insights into the complex
relationship between Confucian tradition and modern gender Dynamics making it important and
significant resource for research and discourses in the field of Asian Political Thought and Feminist
theory. Overall, the authors work deepens the understanding about Confucianism and Feminism
in the field and prompts further exploration of feminist understanding of Confucianism
He, J. (2023). The Stigmatization of Feminism in China. Journal of Education, Humanities and
Social Sciences EMSS, 23(2023), 483-486
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376971424_The_Stigmatization_of_Feminism_
in_China?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InNlYXJjaCIsInBhZ2UiOiJzZW
FyY2giLCJwb3NpdGlvbiI6InBhZ2VIZWFkZXIifX0

Jia He from Shanghai Thomas School, Shanghai, China wrote this study that was published in
Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Science. This article examines the complexities of
the stigmatization of feminism in China, focusing the historical influence of Confucianism and the
changing political ideology. He, underlines the link between political and cultural concerns, and
the stigma associated with feminism as a challenge to established social class and hierarchy. This
article presents thorough insights and data as well as analysis on stigmatization of feminism in
China, focusing on the context of culture, politics, and history. This work of He provides a
thorough examination of historical roots of feminism stigmatization that is supported by
sociological theories. This work is extremely relevant to discussions and debates in the field of
Asian Political Thought, because it provides topics and insights into the cultural and political
factors that shapes attitudes towards feminism in the Chinese Society, thereby contributing a
nuanced knowledge and understanding of gender dynamics within Asia. Consequently, this article
deepens understanding of the complexities of gender politics in Asian context and provides
reflection on strategies for addressing feminism stigma.

Ningsih, S. (2023). The political identity for Megalia, Womand and Webtoon to counter
Confucianism culture in South Korea. Simulacra, 6(2), 221–234.
https://doi.org/10.21107/sml.v6i2.22294

Sabah Ningsih, a faculty member of Department of International Studies of Social and Political
Science in Universitas Airlangga II wrote this article titled “The political identity for Megalia,
Womand and Webtoon to counter Confucianism culture in South Korea” that delves into and
investigates the digital feminist movement in South-Korea focusing on strategies that used by
groups such as Megalia, Womand, and Webtoon comic artists to counter Confucianism cultural
norms. Using Andrew Heywood’s cultural conflict and identity political perspective, as well as
political morality in realism, Ningsih goal is to study, understand, and comprehend how these
groups work within the context of a Confucian society experiencing a rapid economic
development. This analyzes the complexities of digital feminist activism in Asian environment by
analyzing their ideologies, engagement, tactics with Confucian cultural values. This research
investigates the significance of online feminist groups challenging patriarchal norms and
reconstructing gender identities in South-Korean Societies. However, this study recognizes its
limits in neglecting wider trends within the digital feminist movement and advocates a more
nuanced exploration and examination of socio-political factors and variables in influencing
strategies of these groups. Hence, this study underscores the evolving nature of feminist activism
in digital age and its implications as well as potential impact on cultural transformation.

Li, C. (2012). Five Contemporary Challenges For Confucianism. Journal of East and West
Thought, 1–17.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257140182_Five_Contemporary_Challenges_f
or_Confucianism

Chenyang Li, author of this paper explains the primary argument of his work, which investigates
contemporary challenges confronting to Confucianism beyond the frequently discussed ones.
Topics such as democracy and science are covered in this essay which has received attention, there
are other topics and issues that merit discussions considerations. Confucian notions have made
progress toward congruence with science, but more positive efforts are required. Democracy is
still an ongoing concern, underlining a need for greater adaptability to modern governance.
Environmentalism emerges as significant issue, pushing Confucianism to acknowledge the
significance and value of environmental stewardship. Despite accepting gender equality,
Confucian principles lacks deeper philosophical connection with feminist principles. Finally, the
existential dilemma of Confucianism’s survival, particularly in light of historical assaults and
modern pressures, highlighting and emphasizing the importance for renewal and adaptability to
ensure relevance in the future. Thus, this paper will provide comprehensive insights regarding the
issues faced by Confucianism along with other philosophies, it will provide knowledge and can be
use as reference for research, discussion, and debates in the field of Political Philosophy and Asian
Political Thought.

Lukyantseva, P. A. (2023). The Evolution of Feminism in Japan: Issues of Gender and the
Perception of Japanese Women. Sexuality and Gender Studies Journal, 1(1), 1–15.
https://doi.org/10.33422/sgsj.v1i1.194

Polina A. Lukyantseva is a Russian PhD student at Kyoto University. Russian Literature, Japanese
Literature, and Female Literature are her skills and expertise. She wrote this article titled “The
Evolution of Feminism in Japan: Issues of Gender and the Perception of Japanese Women." The
said article delves the history and evolution of Feminism in Japanese society, highlighting on
gender issues and perception of women in Japan. It evaluates the emergence of feminism in Japan,
in comparison to different waves of the movement and analyzing the development of female and
male gender biases, roles, and traditional ideologies in modern Japanese society. This article
provides a comprehensive analysis of feminist movement in Japan, evaluating its history,
contemporary issues, and potential paths forward. Moreover, this article offers valuable insights
into the complexities of gender roles, traditional ideologies, and socio-economic element that
shape women’s situation in Japan. The author effectively merges the theoretical insights with
empirical evidences and data to support her arguments in this article, making this article crucial
the field of research regarding gender studies, Japanese society, and social movements.

Gupta, S. K. G., Uygun, S. V. U., Banaras, R. K. B., & Ordukhanyan, E. O. (n.d.). Mahatma
Gandhi: A Role Model in Revolutionary Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
RESEARCH AND ANALYTICAL REVIEWS, 6(2), 1–7.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367046395_Mahatma_Gandhi_A_Role_Model
_in_Revolutionary_Management?_sg=K-
kONoB52ey0MX7wmdDd__ChLQh8bTsuCLuIOaYywKQs2C4WdFhcBReu87chSa4hy
viL5HvdpUY7b7k&_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9u
IiwicGFnZSI6Il9kaXJlY3QifX0

This paper wrote by four authors namely Sandeep Kumar Gupta, a professor of Ament University
in Chennai India, Rabi Kumar, a faculty of Management Studies in Banaras Hindu University of
India, Serdar Vural Uygun an Associate Professor of Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University in the
Field of Public Administration, he also do studies regarding Management Psychology in
Administration and Foundations of Political Theory, and the last contributor to this paper is Emil
Ordukhanyan PhD. form Political Science Department of Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and
Law at Armenia, Yerevan. This research of these four authors focuses on Ghandi’s role as a global
role model and influencer, highlighting his beliefs, traits, tolerance, values, and contribution to
peace. The paper employs qualitative method or approach through reviewing documents. In
addition, this paper also explores the impact of Gandhi on management, emphasizing his
management style and its relevance in the contemporary corporate world. Thus, this article will
provide a comprehensive and clear understanding in the field of research regarding Asian Political
Though and Political Philosophy, emphasizing the relevance of Asian Political Thinkers in shaping
Politics in Asia and some parts of the world
Wadhwaniya, Mayur. (2023). UNVEILING INDIANNESS: EXPLORING HINDUISM
THROUGH THE EYES OF POETS IN INDIAN LITERATURE. VIDYA - A JOURNAL
OF GUJARAT UNIVERSITY. 2. 69-75. 10.47413/vidya.v2i2.201.

Dr. Mayur Wadhwaniya is an Assistant Professor at Shri. M.P. Shah Commerce College in India
discuss in this paper about the profound influence of Hinduism on Literature of India, specifically
through lens of poetry. Published in 2023, this article emphasizes on how Hinduism has shaped
the identity of Indians and their cultures by serving as a main source of diverse cultural
expressions. The study also focuses on Bhakti Movement and the works of saints like Kabir,
Mirabai, Sudras, and Tulsidas whom emphasize an emotional and personal connection with the
god or divine. Moreover, authors highlighted the modern Indian Poetry and its continuous
inspiration from Hindu Themes, emphasizing the unending role of Hinduism in influencing the
spiritual essence of contemporary India. The paper provides authentication from literatures in
India. This study offers a comprehensive analysis and insights regarding Hinduism and its
influence on Indian Literature, specifically poetry. It also analyzes the evolution of Hinduism’s
illustration in poetry, from Bhakti Movement to contemporary times, showcasing its enduring
relevance. Thus, this study offers valuable understanding into intersection of Hinduism and Indian
Literature, clarifying on the profound influence of religion on the identity of culture and artistic
expression

Quyet, N. T. (2023). Confucius’ conception of the political being and its significance for
building the political being in present-day Vietnam. IKENGA International Journal of
Institute of African Studies, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.53836/ijia/2023/24/2/003

Nguyen Thi Quyet an Associate Professor of Ho Chi Minh University Technology and Education
in Vietnam. Her skills and expertise are Chinese Philosophy, Cultural Studies, Vietnam,
Education, and Social Science. In this article, she examines the relevance of Confucian principles
in current Vietnam, specifically in in the socialist development context. It also highlights
Confucius’ influence on Vietnamese society, particularly in times of feudal dynasties, and
highlights the importance of political stability for economic development. Quyet provide examples
of contemporary challenges facing Vietnam, including cultural globalization as well as political
corruption, and suggesting Confucian ideals to fix the problems. In addition, the author also
emphasizes and highlights the importance of moral education and political stability in achieving
economic progress and development, as well as social peace. Moreover, this article will serve as a
ground for research for future researchers about this topic, and will provide foundation in learning
Asian Political Thoughts and Political Philosophies in Asia. Thus, it will it provides
comprehensive insights in understanding the Confucianism as Political Thought.