SAS 16-23 BIOETHICS LANGDON, MARY GERALYN S.

LANGDON, MARY GERALYN S BSN2-B12

SAS #16

1. C. Do Not Resuscitate
RATIO: Do not resuscitate order stands for Do Not Resuscitate.

2. D. All of the above

RATIO: All listed options fall under the Do not resuscitate order Guidelines

3. B. Substituted-judgment
RATIO: Substituted judgment ensures treatment decisions remain with the
patient, upholding autonomy.

4. C. Elizabeth Bouvia case

RATIO: The Elizabeth Bouvia case established a young quadriplegic's right to refusal of
treatment, allowing her to refuse nutrition and die peacefully.

5. D. Slow code
RATIO: Slow codes involve healthcare providers intentionally withholding full
reviving efforts efforts due to perceived medical futility.

LANGDON, MARY GERALYN S BSN2-B12

SAS #17

1. D. All of the above

RATIO: All the provided options represent exemptions outlined by regulations that
categorize the withholding of medical care for handicapped infants as neglect.

2. A. Uniform Anatomical Gift Act of 2006

RATIO: The regulatory framework established by the 2006 Uniform Anatomical Gift Act
governs the donation of organs, tissues, and various human body parts within the
United States.

3. B. Mandated choice
RATIO: The concept of mandated choice entails that all competent adults must make
and document decisions regarding whether they want to be organ donors upon their
demise.

4. C. Passive euthanasia
RATIO: Passive euthanasia involves refraining from life-sustaining treatments,
hastening the person's natural passing. Not resuscitating a patient with a DNR order
can be cited as an instance of passive euthanasia.

5. C. Netherlands
RATIO: Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) were officially legalized in the
Netherlands in 2001, subject to specific guidelines and safeguards.

LANGDON, MARY GERALYN S BSN2-B12

SAS #18

1. D. Palliative care
RATIO: Palliative care is typically administered to individuals facing intense pain
resulting from terminal illnesses, such as cancer. The primary focus of this care is to
relieve suffering.

2. B. Hospice programs
RATIO: Hospice programs deliver palliative care, aiming to diminish pain and create an
environment that promotes dignity. They embrace the philosophy that "dying is a natural
part of life."

3. B. St. Christopher’s
RATIO: St. Christopher’s Hospice, situated in South London, England, was founded in
1967 by Dr. Cicely Saunders. Her work is regarded as the foundation of contemporary
hospice philosophy.

4. D. Joseph Fletcher
RATIO: Joseph Fletcher played a pivotal role in the realm of bioethics. As a prominent
academic, Fletcher advocated for the potential benefits of abortion, infanticide,
euthanasia, eugenics, and cloning.

5. A. Mercy killing
RATIO: Euthanasia is interchangeably referred to as mercy killing, denoting the painless
termination of a person's life.

LANGDON, MARY GERALYN S BSN2-B12

SAS #19

1. D. Human genome project

RATIO: The Human Genome Project supplies a comprehensive inventory of the
chemical letters that form the blueprint of the human genome.

2. D. All of the above

RATIO: Huntington’s Disease, Cystic fibrosis, and Down syndrome serve as instances
of genetic disorders.

3. A. Thomas Bouchard
RATIO: Thomas Bouchard, an American psychologist, gained recognition for his studies
in behavioral genetics involving twins raised separately.

4. C. Eugenics
RATIO: Eugenics, literally translating to "good creation," explores methods to influence
the characteristics of future human populations through selective breeding.

5. B. Plato’s
RATIO: Plato, the first advocate of eugenics, proposed the concept that the ideal city
should engage in active euthanasia, specifically in the form of infanticide, for neonates
deemed defective.

LANGDON, MARY GERALYN S BSN2-B12

SAS #20

1. B. Recombinant DNA
RATIO: Recombinant DNA technology involves the merging of DNA molecules from two
distinct species.

2. A. Maternal testing
RATIO: Maternal testing is not conducted for the sole purpose of maternal testing.

3. C. GINA
RATIO: The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) of 2008 prevents
discrimination based on genetic information concerning health insurance and
employment.

4. D. Genetic predisposition
RATIO: Genetic predisposition, also known as genetic susceptibility, refers to an
increased likelihood of developing a specific disease based on an individual's genetic
makeup. This predisposition arises from specific genetic variations, often inherited from
a parent.

5. A. Sickle cell disease

RATIO: Sickle cell anemia represents a typical example of a sickle cell disease, causing
the deformation of red blood cells into elongated sickle-shaped forms. This deformation
leads to severe anemia, cough, and muscle cramps due to the impact of the disease on
normal blood flow in the body.

LANGDON, MARY GERALYN S BSN2-B12

SAS #21

1. C. Pharmacogenomics
RATIO: The field of pharmacogenomics investigates how genes influence an
individual's response to drugs.

2. D. Allele
RATIO: The ABO gene encompasses three alleles—A, B, and O—and the
determination of blood type hinges on the presence or absence of these three alleles.

3. B. Genetic Pharmacy
RATIO: Genetic pharmacy stands out as one of the most fruitful and promising
applications within the realm of genetic engineering.
4. A. E.coli
RATIO: In recombinant DNA technology, E. coli is a commonly utilized bacterium due to
its rapid growth and the capacity to express proteins at exceptionally high levels,
making it a preferred host for protein production.

5. D. All of the above

RATIO: All the options listed constitute prerequisites for genetic screening.

LANGDON, MARY GERALYN S BSN2-B12

SAS #22

1. C. Polygenic
RATIO: A condition resulting from a combination of genes is termed polygenic.

2. D. Adam Rutherford
RATIO: Adam Rutherford, a British geneticist and science popularizer, authored a book
in 2013 that delved into the golden age of biology.

3. A. Cloning
RATIO: Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), an instance of cloning, involves extracting
a somatic cell from an adult animal, placing it into an egg, and cultivating an identical
twin.

4. A. Genetic Therapy
RATIO: Genetic therapy involves treating genetic diseases by administering genes to
correct an absent or defective gene.

5. D. All of the above

RATIO: All the provided options raise concerns related to a new form of human
procreation.
LANGDON, MARY GERALYN S BSN2-B12

SAS #23

1. C. Stem cells
RATIO: Stem cells are immature cells serving as a blank slate with the capability to
develop into any cell in the body, often regarded as the fundamental building blocks of
life.

2. B. Regenerative
RATIO: Regenerative medicine is dedicated to cultivating specialized tissues to address
various degenerative diseases existing today and potentially even applications not yet
conceived.

3. B. Posthumanism
RATIO: Posthumanism acknowledges the co-evolution of humans and non-humans,
recognizing the impact of technology on social relations and the environment.

4. D. Human enhancement
RATIO: Administering appropriate medication to a young boy allowed him to grow like
his peers by the age of 16, illustrating an instance of human enhancement.

5. A. Recessive
RATIO: A recessive carrier exerts its effect only when paired with a similar recessive
gene.