IES LA MOLA. ENGLISH LANGUAGE DPT.

21-22 2º Bachillerato

Basic Grammar Review (Unit 1- unit 6)

1. REVIEW OF TENSES

1. Fill in the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets:
1. My parents (recently / buy) ……………………………… some property in the south of France.
They (build) …………………………… a summer cottage there at the moment.
2. Andy and sally (go) ……………………………… to a concert tomorrow night. They (look forward
to) …………………………… to it all week.
3. When he (found) ………………………….. Microsoft, Bill Gates was only 20 years old. He
(already / write) ………………………………… his first computer program seven years earlier.
4. Mrs Smith said that one day she (retire) ……………………………….. from teaching. She
mentioned that she (spend) ………………………………… her time learning about computers.
5. They (stand) …………………………………… in the queue for an hour when the manager
(inform) ………………………………………. them that no more tickets were available.
6. The men (sentence) ………………………………….. to eight years in prison. They (rob)
…………………………………. many banks.
7. The building the squatters (live in) ……………………………… at present (abandon)
………………………………… for a year.
8. If the rate of unemployment (not be) ……………………… so high, there (be)
………………………………… fewer violent incidents. Let’s hope this situation will change soon.
9. If I (make) …………………………. more of an effort during my school years, I (accept)
……………………………………. at university. Now I am sorry I didn’t.
10. An accident (occur) …………………………….. near my house last night. A car (hit)
……………………………. a young man. He (ride) ……………………………….. his bicycle when
someone in front of him suddenly (open) ……………………………… a car door. Several
witnesses (see) …………………………………. the accident. The police (question)
………………………………… them last night.
11. Robert (watch) ………………………………… the news in English every day on TV and it
(help) …………………………… him with his English. He says, “If you (watch)
…………………………….. the news in English, it (help) ………………………………… you too”.
12. I saw a film a week ago, but I (not enjoy) ……………………………… it very much. The problem
was that I (already / read) …………………………… the book. If I (not read)
…………………………….. the book first, I probably (enjoy)………………………………… the film more.
13. Alan (be) …………………. in a car accident yesterday. The other driver (lose) ………………….
control of his car because he (fall) ……………………….. asleep. If he (stop)
…………………………. to rest, the accident (not occur)……………………………………...
14. My car (break down) ………………………………….. yesterday on my way home from work. I
(fix) ……………………………………. it if I (know) ……………………………. what to do but as I didn’t,
I (have to) ………………………………….. take it to the garage.
15. Last night my neighbour (knock) ……………………………… on the door. She wanted my
father to move his car. She said she (can not) ……………………….. get out of her parking
space.
16. Linda (phone) ………………………………… me and (explain) ……………………………. that she (not
come) ……………………. to our party the next day because she (be) …………………… still sick.
17. Barry had an argument with Tom. Barry said that he (return) …………………………….
Tom’s money the week before. Tom insisted that he (not receive) ……………………………… it
18. My teacher (ask) ……………………… me if I (ever use) ………………………….. a computer before.
I explained to him that I (learn) ………………………… to use computers the year before. He
said that it (be) …………………………. fantastic and (ask) …………………………. me to help some
of the other students in the class.
19. My sister (fly) …………………………….. home from London today. Her flight (arrive)
…………………………………in one hour so I (leave) ………………………………….. the house right now to
get to the airport on time.
20. I (sleep) ………………………….. when the fire (break out) ………………………………...
21. She (not see) ……………………………….. her father since he (start) …………………………. to
work in France two years ago.
22. I (not sleep) ……………………………….. at all last night; someone (listen)………………………….
to very loud music all night.
23. Once Susan (pay) …………………………. her fare, she’ll sit at the back of the bus.
24. “(you / write) ………………………. to him tonight?” “Yes, I always (write) ………………………… to
him on his birthday. (you / want) …………………….. to send him a message?”
25. “I (just / be) ………………………………. to see the film “The Da Vinci’s Code”. (you /
see) …………………………….……………… it?” “No, I haven’t. Is it like the book?” “I don’t know,
I (not read) ………………….. the book”
26. Unless he (sell) ……………………………. more, he won’t get much commission.
27. She looked as if her husband (get) ………………………….. the sack.
28. While he was waiting for the bus, there (be) ……………………….. a robbery at the bank.
After the robbers (go away) …………………………, the police (appear) ……………………. but they
(not be able / catch) …………………………….. them.
29. Before Peter went out home, he (write) …………………………. a note to Mary saying that he
(not be able / come back) …………………………………….. for dinner that evening.
30. “Who (move) …………………………….. the furniture about upstairs?” “It’s Tom, he (paint)
…………………………….. the front bedroom”.
31. He (always / say) ……………………………. that he will mend the window but he never (do)
…………………….. it.
32. I used to ski when I (be) …………………. at university but I (break) …………………….. a leg
five years ago and since then I (not do) ………………………….. any skiing.
33. He (park) ……………………….. his car under a No Parking sign and (rush) ……………………… into
the shop. When he (come) …………………………. out of the shop ten minutes later the car
(be) ………………… no longer there. He (wonder) ………………………… if someone (steal)
…………………………… it or if the police (take) ………………………. it away.
34. Do not worry! I (give) ………………………… you a call at 6.30, Peter, in case you (fall)
…………….. asleep again after your alarm (go) ………………… off.
35. I’m sorry. If I (know) ………………………. before that you were still reading them, I (not
throw) …………………………………… the magazines away.
36. I (not see) …………………………….. him for three years. I wonder where he (be)
……………………….
37. “He’s cut my hair too short” “Don’t worry! It (grow) ………………………. again very quickly”.
 38. If she (know) …………………….. his address, she’d visit him.
39. She had a headache; otherwise she (come) …………………………. with us.
40. Would you visit me if I (send) …………………………. to prison?

2. PERFECT TENSES
1. Choose the correct form of the words in brackets:
a. Bart (went / has gone) to Asturias on holiday last month.
b. How many cokes (did you drink / have you drunk) today?
c. Ben (lives / has lived / lived) in Manchester since 1997.
d. I’m tired because I (painted / have painted / have been painting) my flat.
e. Paul (just got / has just got / has just been getting) up. He’s having
breakfast now.
f. Mike (phoned / has phoned) ten minutes ago. He wants you to phone him.

2. Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of these verbs: You went to
Sue’s house, but she wasn’t there. (she / go out) She had gone out.
a. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn’t the same as before.
(it /change / a lot)
b. I invited Rachel to the party, but she couldn’t come.
(she / arrange / to do something else)
c. You went to the cinema last night. You got to the cinema late.
(the film / already begin)
d. It was nice to see Dan again after such a long time.
(I / not see / him for five years) .
e. I offered Sue something to eat, but she wasn’t hungry.
(she / just / have / breakfast)

3. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or past simple (I did):
a. “Was Paul at the party when you arrived?” “No, he had gone(go) home.”
b. I felt very tired when I got home, so I ……………….. (go) straight to bed.
c. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody ………………… (go) to bed.
d. Sorry I’m late. The car ……………………… (break) down on my way here.
e. We were driving along the road when we ……………… (see) a car which
………………………… (break) down, so we ……………….. (stop) to help.
f. John was really glad that he ………………………… (pass) all his exams and would have
the summer free.
g. When her mother started crying, Susie ………………… (say) she was sorry.
h. Jennifer had her first baby when she was thirty but she …………………… (be)
married since she was twenty-four.

4. Write the correct form of the words in brackets. Use the present perfect simple
or past perfect Simple form of the verb:
a. Who has taken(take) my roller skates? They aren’t here.
 b. They …………………… (have) breakfast before they left their house, so they
weren’t hungry when they arrived.
c. When we got to the cinema, the film …………………………. (start)
d. …………………… (you / see) Pamela? She’s dancing at Central Square!
e. His exhibition of photographs …………………………… (surprise) me.
f. I hardly recognised May. I ………………………… (not see) her for such a long time.
g. I’d like to visit Jimmy this weekend. He …………………………. (not be) well recently.
h. Fortunately, we ……………………………… (not go) far when we realised that we
………………………………….. (forget) our plane tickets.

5. Complete the sentences with the present perfect continuous or past perfect
continuous form of the verbs in brackets:
a. When my parents decided to come home, … (they / travel for a fortnight)
They had been travelling for a fortnight.
b. My hair was wet because… (I / swim)

c. His eyes hurt him because… (he / sit in front of the computer for hours)

d. I am tired because … (I / jog for the last thirty minutes)

e. Vanessa speaks English very well because … (she / study all her life)

f. When I arrived, … (the customer / wait for forty five minutes)

g. There was water all around because… (it / rain for the last days)

6. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Put the verb into the correct form: present
perfect (I have done), present perfect continuous (I have been doing), past perfect(I had
done) or past perfect continuous(I had been doing).

a. Amanda is sitting on the ground. She’s out of breath.

(she / run) She has been running.

b. Where’s my bag? I left it under this chair.

(somebody / take / it)

c. We were all surprised when Jenny and Andy got married last year.

(they / only / know / each other / a few weeks)

d. It’s still raining. I wish it would stop.

(it / rain / all day) .

e. Suddenly I woke up. I was confused and didn’t know where I was.

(I / dream)
 f. I wasn’t hungry at lunchtime, so I didn’t have anything to eat.

(I / have / a big breakfast)

g. Every year Robert and Tina spend a few days at the same hotel by the sea.

(they / go / there for years)

3. CONDITIONALS and WISH CLAUSES

1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

If she hadn’t broken (not break) the window, she wouldn’t have had to pay for a new one.

a. If she studied more, she ……………………… (be) a better student.

b. They …………………………… (not see) the Queen if they hadn’t visited London on that day.
c. If she ……………………… (open) the letter, she’ll be surprised.
d. If I lived in France, I ……………………………… (speak) French well.
f. I’d buy that bag if it …………………………..(be) cheaper.
g. If they hadn’t gone to the party, they ………………………….. (not buy) those expensive clothes.
h. If he ……………………….. (not get) up early, he’ll be late.
i. I’d watch more films, if I …………………….. (have) more time.
j. If the studio spent more money, it …………………………… (make) better films.
k. If she …………………………… (not break) the window she wouldn’t have had to pay for a new one.
l. She …………………. (be) surprised if she hears the news.

2. Finish these conditional sentences with your own words.

a. What would you have done if you had lost your purse?
b. If I can….
c. If they knew it….
d. We would have bought the house…
e. I’d travel….
f. Provided you behave…
g. If I won the lottery…
h. If she had found a job…
i. Unless they get the tickets….

3. Complete with UNLESS or AS LONG AS:

a. I’m playing tennis tomorrow unless it’s raining.
b. The children can stay here ………………………….. they don’t make too much noise.
c. We’ll go out for a meal …………………………. they prefer to stay at home.
d. I lend you my CD player …………………………… you take a good care of it.
e. I’m going now ………………… you want me to stay.
4. Translate the following sentences:
a. No habríamos podido entrar en la casa si no hubiésemos encontrado la llave.
We wouldn’t have been able to go into the house if we hadn’t found the key.
b. Si escucharas música clásica, te gustaría.

c. Estaremos en casa si pasas esta noche.

d. No iremos de viaje a menos que nos llamen nuestros amigos.

e. Si ella no hubiese estudiado tanto, no habría tenido tan buenos resultados.

f. Si estuviera en tu lugar, haría el trabajo cuanto antes.

g. Él no se casaría si no estuviese seguro.

h. Serás recompensado siempre que trabajes duro.

i. Si hubiese visto al ladrón, habría gritado.

5. Write sentences with I WISH:

a. I don’t have many friends. I wish I had more friends.
b. I can’t give up drinking.
c. I haven’t got enough time to finish my work.
d. It’s too hot.
e. I live in Madrid and I don’t like it.
f. I am not on holiday now and that’s a pity.
g. Laura can’t come to the party..

6. Add comments to these sentences using I WISH:

a. I’m afraid your sister can’t help me. I wish she would.
b. They always arrive late.
c. He never invites us round.
d. She won’t do anything you ask her to.
e. They never call on when they come to town.
f. I’m afraid our friends can’t buy the tickets.
g. She behaves like a little girl.

7. Imagine that you are in a situation. For each situation make a sentence with I WISH:
a. You have eaten too many sweets and now feel sick.
I wish I hadn’t eaten so many sweets.
b. You would like to buy some souvenirs but you have forgotten the money.
 c. You are walking in an ancient town. You would like to take some photographs but you
didn’t bring your camera.

d. An old friend of yours went to visit you but you were out and couldn’t see him.

e. You’ve bought a new book shelf but after setting it up you realize that you don’t like it.

f. Your mother has given you a sweater for your birthday and you told her you didn’t like
it. Now you regret it.

4. PASSIVE VOICE and CAUSATIVE FORM

1. Write the verbs in brackets in the right tense. All of them must be in the passive.
Ex.: We were offered (offer) the job, but we refused.
a. The children ………………………… (take) to the zoo next week.
b. She …………………….. (wake) by a strange noise, but she didn’t get up.
c. My house …………………………… (build) in 1990.
d. The supermarket …………………….. (open) last week.
e. Today, the dog ………………………….. (take) to the vet by his owner
f. The exams ………………………….. (mark) by the teacher this afternoon.
g. “Don Quixote” ………………………….. (write) by Cervantes.
h. My keys ………………………… (find) in the street last Monday.
i. The bank …………………………… (rob) this week.
j. The robbers …………………………. (arrest) five hours later.

2. Rewrite these sentences in the passive or the active voice.

Ex.: She was shocked by the accident. The accident shocked her.
a. My father will buy a new car next year. The students were given 15 minutes for

the test.

b. This restaurant is owned by English people.

c. The children were given some toys by their parents.

d. His girlfriend is going to buy him a car.

e. Tourists are paying a lot of money.

f. They built this house in 1900.

g. Parents always love their children.

h. The film was produced by Spielberg.

i. Nobody told me the truth.

3. Rewrite these sentences. Write a passive sentence
Ex.: Somebody asked me the way to the bus station. I was asked the way to the bus station.
a. They cancelled our flight because of the storm.
b. English people drink a lot of tea.
c. Someone broke my cup.
d. People warned us about pickpockets.
e. In Mexico, they cook meat very hot.
f. Somebody is building a hut in that hill.
g. People often ask me where I buy my clothes.
h. They have given me three tickets.
i. Somebody is going to buy this house soon.
j. They will arrest him sooner or later.

4. Use the words in brackets to complete these sentences. Use the structure to have
something done.
Ex.: We are going to have our house painted (our house / paint) next summer.
a. I have lost my key. I’ll have to ……………………………………… (another key / make).
b. Your hair is a mess. You should ……………………………….. (your hair / cut).
c. The floor is very dirty. Why don’t you …………………………………………….. (it / clean)?
d. My father’s car is not working very well. He ……………………..………………… (it /service)
tomorrow.
e. Many young people today ………………………………………(their nose / pierce).
f. She has got a bad toothache. She …………………………………. (it / remove) in a week.
g. Summers are very hot in Spain. Many people ……………………………………. (swimming
pools / build) in their gardens.
h. My office needs a change. ……………………………. (it / redecorate) in the spring.
i. I ………………………………… (my house / clean) once a week.
j. They ……………………………………. (their computers / repair) today.

5. Arrange the words to form correct sentences

Ex.: by my birthday my cake was mother made. My birthday cake was made by my
mother.
a. on the were lights by turned me.
b. she offered new a been has job.
c. book published be the will month next.
d. sister going interviewed is to be my.
e. students asked by the were headmaster.
f. they given some by their were parents money.
g. has nobody them told.
h. we them have helped by been.
i. all by film the watched children was the.
j. the has sold house been..
 5.MODALS and MODAL PERFECTS

1. Complete the sentences with must, mustn’t, needn’t:

a. Do you want me to wait for you? No, it’s okay. You needn’t wait.
b. Lisa gave me a parcel to send. I ……………………… forget it.
c. You ……………………… write to me if you don’t want to but I hope you will.
d. What type of car do you want to buy? A big one? Well, it ………………………. be big, that’s
not important for me.
e. This necklace is very expensive. You ……………….. look after it and you …………………… lose it.
f. We have enough drinks for the party so we …………………………. buy any more.

2. Error correction. There is one error in each sentence. Find it and write the sentence
correctly.

a. We should learnt English → We should learn English.

b. They don’t must arrive late.

c. He could to win the next Cup.

d. My colleagues should had finished the project.

e. She must has seen the match.

f. They needn’t to start now, it’s too early.

3. Translate the following sentences into English. Use a modal or modal perfect in each one:
a. No deberíamos haber jugado a las cartas. We shouldn’t have played cards.
b. ¿Deben trabajar hoy? No, tendrán que hacerlo mañana.

c. No es necesario que vayamos de compras. Hicimos la compra ayer.

d. Puede que él haya visto al ladrón.

e. Mi padre debe haber pensado en lo que le dije.

f. Pudiera ser que vayamos al concierto, pero no es seguro.

4. Rewrite each sentence using a modal or modal perfect:

It’s a pity we didn’t go to the seaside last summer.
We should have gone to the seaside last summer.
a. It’s probable that we retire this year.

b. She hasn’t arrived yet. She probably missed the train.

c. I’m sure he is at home now. The lights are on.

d. He is not able to read without glasses.

 e. Your girlfriend wasn’t at the party. I’m sure I didn’t see her.

f. It wasn’t necessary that you lent me your car.

5. Fill in the blanks with the correct modal or modal perfect (could, can, might, can’t, must,
may, should):

a. Laura can cook very well but you should make your own meal today because she’s
really tired.
b. …………………….. I leave now? I ……………… post some letters.
c. Perhaps the children will be home now; they ………………. arrived when we were at the
shops.
d. They ……………. be staying at Central Hotel but I am not sure.
e. When we lived in the countryside, we ……………….. breathe clean air, now we
……………….., the city air is so polluted.
f. When you were in Africa you ……………………… got a terrible disease. What a good thing
you didn’t.
g. He is getting very good results. He ……………………. study hard.

6. RELATIVE CLAUSES: DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING

1. Fill in the following sentences with the appropriate Relative Pronoun: who, which, where,
whose, when.
a. I was born in 1936, ……………………the Civil War started.
b. I know an exciting place ………………… you and your boyfriend can go on holidays.
c. He is the guy ……………….. car is parked in front of your house.
d. The woman .......................lives here is always complaining.
e. The flat he’s rented, ……………….. is in central London, is really expensive.

2. Join each pair of sentences using the relative pronoun in brackets.

a. Mary is having a child. She lives two flats away from us. (who)

b. Torrevieja is a very cosmopolitan town. We’ve lived there for three years. (where)

c. The film was really interesting. We saw it last Saturday. (which)

d. Maria is a very charming girl. Her brother is a friend of mine. (whose)

e. Two years ago we bought a house. We got married then. (when)

f. Mr Smedley introduced me to his son. He is my boss. (who)

g. John Ash is a policeman. His wife was at the party last night. (whose)

h. Robert is going to get married. He is a lawyer. (who)

i. Our new car has broken down again. We bought the car only last month. (which)

j. We stayed in Mary’s place. It is in a small village in the south of England. (which)

 k. Lucas is my best friend. I have known Lucas since I was a child. (who)

l. Next weekend I’m going to Madrid. My brother has been living there for the past two

years.

m. Mary Stuart is in my class at school. Mary Stuart’s father is a famous footballer.

(whose)

3. Study the examples

a. John is the friend who I wrote to. (I wrote to John)

b. John is the friend who phoned me. (John phoned me)

In which of these sentences is who the subject of the clause?

In which sentence is who the object?
In which sentence can we leave out who?

4. Add who (that) or which (that) to these sentences, but only where necessary:
a. Is that the woman/ you told me about?

b. Is that the girl/ wrote to you?

c. The car/ my brother bought wasn’t expensive.
d. Alex was the man/ you met last week.
e. I had a coffee with the boy/ lives next door.
f. Did you see the Italian film/ was on TV last night?
g. What’s the name of the man/ we met yesterday? What’s the name of the man/ sold you
the car?
h. Have you seen the letter/ was on the table?
i. Have you seen the letter/ I put on the table?
j. The woman/ Steve spoke to on the phone was Mrs Allen.
k. The woman/ answered the phone was Mrs Allen.
l. Those are the trousers/ I bought yesterday.
m. I had a coffee with the girl/ lives next door.
n. I’ve lost the pens/ I bought this morning.

5. Join these sentences with who, which, where or whose. Use commas where necessary:
1. That’s the student. She won the competition prize.

2. Sharon is my best friend. I’ve known her for a long time.

3. The theatre is about 200 metres from my house. It is the oldest building in town.

4. I picked up the papers. They were lying on the pavement.

5. My grandparents still live in the village. I was born there.

6. The bar is open all night. We’ve had lunch there.

 7. DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH

1. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.

a. ‘We’re playing tennis tomorrow’

They said that …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b. ‘We’ve been to Paris three times.’

They said …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

c. ‘Is John going to take his driving test tomorrow?’

He ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

d. ‘Please don’t be late tomorrow Philip, or we’ll miss our bus.

Philip’s mother asked …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e. ‘What is Samuel doing today?’ said Fred to Pete.

Fred asked ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

f. ‘Paul, go to the supermarket and buy some milk.’

His mother ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

g. ‘We can buy phones with coloured covers.’

She said ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.

‘I’ll buy you a pencil tomorrow – I promise!’ said Paul to me. Paul promised that he would buy
me a pencil the following day.
a. ‘Where did you go last month?’ said Grant.

Grant ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b. ‘I’ve just been playing football,’ said John.

John explained ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

c. ‘Don’t forget that tomorrow is Susie’s birthday,’ said Maggie.

Maggie reminded John …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

d. ‘Please show me your holiday photos,’ said Linda.

Linda asked Tom …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e. ‘I don’t think I will be able to pass my test,’ said Lucas.

Lucas remarked ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 f. ‘I’ll lend you some money, if you need it’ said Samantha to Alex.

Samantha ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Rewrite the statements in direct speech.

a. She said that she couldn’t come out with him that day.

‘I can’t come out with you today.’

b. They said that they had seen John the previous week.

‘We ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………

c. He said that he was going to the cinema the next month.

‘I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

d. They said that they would lend him some money to buy some new clothes.

‘We …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………

e. She said that he had been having a shower when the phone rang.

‘I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..

f. She said that he would pass his exam if he studied.

‘You ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

g. She said that he had bought a new flat.

‘I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Rewrite the questions and commands in reported speech.

a. ‘What time does your train arrive?’ said John to Kate.

John asked Kate when her train arrived.

b. ‘Don’t bother me while I am studying,’ Peter said to his sister.

c. ‘Bring your homework tomorrow,’ said the teacher to the class.

d. ‘Have you seen Pretty Woman?’ Jackie said to Anne.

e. ‘Don’t chase our dog!’ Sally said to her little sister.

f. ‘Where can I buy a magazine?’ the tourist said to the man.

g. ‘What time do you go to bed at weekends?’ David said to me.