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The greatest elevations in SAA are seen with inflammatory causes of colic
Since SAA increases with acute, systemic inflammation, elevations will be seen with some
etiologies and not with others. The highest levels of SAA in colic cases are found with acute
colitis, enteritis, peritonitis, or other inflammatory issues5,8-10 all of which are likely to require
advanced care. Higher values are also associated with more severe disease, such as small
intestinal lesions and SIRS.1-3 This also means that SAA tends to be higher in cases that will cost
more to treat.
Colic is one of the most common issues encountered by equine practitioners, leading to many
sleepless nights and stressful situations for both veterinarians and horse owners. Although
SAA is not the only factor to take into account when considering the cause and treatment of
colic, it provides an objective and valuable tool to aid in the decision-making process, leading to
improved patient care.
2
Daniel AJ, Leise BS, Burgess BA, et al. Concentrations of serum amyloid A and plasma fibrinogen in horses un-
dergoing emergency abdominal surgery. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2016;26(3):344-351.
3
De Cozar M, Sherlock C, Knowles E, et al. Serum amyloid A and plasma fibrinogen concentrations in horses
following emergency exploratory celiotomy. Equine Vet J 2020;52(1):59-66.
4
Aitken MR, Stefanovski D, Southwood LL. Serum amyloid A concentration in postoperative colic horses and its
association with postoperative complications. Vet Surg 2018; 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13133
5
Pihl TH, Scheepers E, Sanz M, et al. Influence of disease process and duration on acute phase proteins in serum
and peritoneal fluid of horses with colic. J Vet Intern Med 2015;29:651-658.
6 Pihl TH, Scheepers E, Sanz M, et al. Acute-phase proteins as diagnostic markers in horses with colic. J Vet Emerg
Crit Care 2016;26(5):664-674.
7 Vandenplas ML, Moore JN, Barton MH, et al. Concentrations of serum amyloid A and lipopolysaccharide binding
protein in horses with colic. Am J Vet Res 2005;66(9):1509-1516.
8 Westerman TL, Tornquist SJ, Foster CM, et al. Evaluation of serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations
as prognostic indicators for horses with inflammatory disease examined at a tertiary care hospital. Am J Vet Res
2015;76(10):882-888.
9 Viner M, Mazan M, Bedenice D, et al. Comparison of serum amyloid A in horses with infectious and noninfec-
tious respiratory diseases. J Equine Vet Sci 2017;49:11-13.
Hultén C, Sandgren B, Skiöldebrand E et al. The acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) as an inflammatory
10