R. K. MALIK’S JEE (MAIN & ADV.), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, IX & X al NEWTON CLASSES njoys unparalleled reputation for best results in terms of percentage selection www.newtonclasses.net CHAPTER — 20 : EILLMINATION 20.1 It sometimes happens that we have two equations each containing one unknown quan- tity. In this case there must clearly be a relation between the constants of the equations in order that the same value of the unknown quantity may satisfy both. For example, suppose we know that an unknown quantity x satisfied both of the equations. ax+6 =Oand cx? +dx+e=0. From the first equation, we have é oe ee Y and this satisfies the second, if (a) (2) e(-2 2)ee ie. if Bc - abd +a" ‘This latter equation is the result of eliminating x between the above two equations, and is often called their eliminant, Again, suppose we know that an angle @ satisfied both of the equations. sin®@ =b, and cos! 9 = ¢, so that sin 0 = 6°, and cos 0 = c?. Now we always have, for all values of 0, sin? 6 + cos*@ = 1, 2 2 so that in this case B43 This is the result of eliminating 0. D SOLUTIONS TO EILLMINATION BY SL LONE 20.3 Between any two equations involving one unknown quantity we can, in theory, always eliminate that quantity. In practice, a considerable amount of artifice and ingenuity is often required in seemingly simple cases. DETAILEI Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0661-2682623, 9635608812, 8507613968 NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES So, between any three equations involving two unknown quantities, we can theoretically eliminate both of the unknown quantities 20.4 Some examples of elimination are appended. Elimination 0 from the equations acos 0+bsin 0=c, land dcos O+e sin 0=f. |Solution. Solving for cos 6 and sin 8 by cross multiplication, or otherwise, we have sind 1 of ce ~ cd-af = bd-ce" (of - ce)? +(ed-af* (d=ae® so that (bf — ce)? + (ed — af)? = (bd - ae). Eliminate 0 between 1 = cos? 0 + sin? cos 0 Solution. From equations (ii) we have ax sin® 0 = — by cos? 0. sind __cos0 _ Vsin?d+cos*o 7 ee (ax)* Yiby)3 + (ax)? Kby)3 + (ax) (by) \ooy)3 (an) ‘cos0 so that equation (i) becomes, a 1 1 B? = Veby)? +(ax)? |ax—z -byy-— (ax) (by)8 77/2 = Yoss3 (ax) {(ax)3 +(by)? Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph. 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONC DETAILED SOLUTIONS TO EILLMINATION BY SL LONEYCHAPTER - 20 : EILLMINATION 2 2 =| va z 2 2 ee (ax) +(by)8 = (a? -67)5 ‘The student who shall afterwards become acquainted with Analytical Geometry will find that the above is the solution of an important problem concerning normals to an ellipse. [Eliminate 9 from the equations = cos 9- > sin 0 = cos 20 a 6 land = sin 0+ > cos 0 =2sin 20 a & Solution. Multiplying equation (i) by cos 6, (ii) by sin 0, and adding, we have 0 cos 20 + 2 sin 6 sin 29 = cos 6 + sin @ sin 20 = cos 0 +2 sin? 0 cos 0 7 Multiplying equation (ii) by cos 8, equation (i) by sin 6, and subtracting, we have 5 =2 sin 29 e080 co8 20 sin = sin 26 cos 6 + sin 8 = sin 8 + sin 6 cos” 6 Adding equations (iii) and equation (iv), we have = (sin @ + cos 6) [1 + 2 sin 6 cos 0] (sin 0 + c0s 6) (sin® 6 + cos* 9 + 2 sin 8 cos 6] = (sin 0 + cos 6), 1 sothat sin @ + cos =(22) a Subtracting equation (vi) from equation (iti), we have g g 3 a Zz zg Zz g a = a 2 5 @ a g g 3 3 8 8 e 5 a = c080—sin 6) (1-2 sin 0 ¢0s 0) = (cos 6 — sin 6), 1 sothat cos 0~sin® -(£-3) ab Squaring and adding equations (v) and (vi), we have 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONCR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES Eliminate 0 from the equations cos 0+ b sin O=6, and b cos 0-asin 0= d. Solution. Given, acos@ +bsin@=c bcos0 -asind=d. Squaring equations (i) and (ii) and adding, we have a (cos? 6 + sin? 0) B (sin? 6 + cos? 0) = c? +d” or PrP area, Eliminate 0 from the equations x =@c0s (0- a), and y = bcos (0- f). Solution. Given, x =ac0s (0a) and =b cos (0-p) or =cos @ cosa+sin 6 sina i = ¢080 cos B +sin sin B Multiplying (ii) by cos and equation (iv) by cos « and substracting, we get, x ; = cos pF cosa = sin 6 (sin «cos f sin f cos a} & y ee oe or 3 cos Bs, cosa =sin 6 sin (af) Multiplying equation (i) by sin f and equation (iv) by sin a and substracting, we get = sing Sean in (Bp - or { Sin ~ 7, sin a = cos 6 sin (B-a) Squaring equations (v) and (vi) and adding, we have a _ 2 © (cos? p + sin® ) + (cos? a+ sina) -2™ (cos P cos a @ ® ab + sin a sin B) " = sin® (o.~B) sin? 6 + cos” 6) (a=8) = sin? (a-B) DETAILED SOLUTIONS TO EILLMINATION BY SL LONEY ab Eliminate 0 from the equations, acos20 =bsin& and csin20=dcos 0. Solution, cos 20 =bsin8 esin 20 =d cos From equations (ii) 2c.. sin ® cos @ =d cos @ or sind = > From equations (i), @(1-2sin’0 =6 sind d d or (25) aba or @ (2c? - d?) = bed Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NETCHAPTER - 20 : EILLMINATION Eliminate Ofrom the equations, asin ab eos a=2bsin 8 and asin 2a-b cos 20=a. Solution. asin a—b cosa = 2b sin 8 asin 20-6 c0s20 =a sina ~ beosa From, sing = From (ii) a sin 2a (1-2 sin®0) =a . 2 or asin 2a-b pees) | % ora® sin® «+ b® cos* a. + dab sin «cos «= 2ab sin «cos a = 2ab + 267 or asina+beosa = /(2b(a+b) Eliminate 0 from the following, Y xsin 6-y.cos 0 = [@24y%), and se Solution. Given, x sin 0-y cos 0 = (x? +9") sin®® _ cos*@ 1 and ate e ay? ‘Squaring equation, (i) we have x* sin? 0 + y* cos? 6 - 2zy sin @ cos 0 = xcosO+ysin® =0 tan =- moet a! Substituting value in equation (ii) we have g g 3 a z z Zz g a = a 2 5 @ a g g 3 S 8 4 DETAILEI or and xsin 0-y cos 0 = \(a*sin*0+b7e0s"0) - 8 3in8 Solution. Given, = et Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph. 0861-2662623, 9636608612, 8507613968, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES and xsin 0—y cos @ = y(q? sin? +b?cos?6) Squaring () we have 2 % sin? 0 + = sin 8 cos 8 = 1 = sin? 0 + c0s?6, x cost = cos? + a e ab ev x 2 or oto 5-3) esta 3-1 + Fp sin 0 cos 0=0 ‘Squaring equation (ii) we have sin? (xa?) + cos?6 (y?— 6%) - 2xy sin 0 cos 0= 0 or sata as ap |=2 25 sin 805 0=0 Adding equation (iii) and equation (iv) we have 2 (sino | cos?o =p? (cos*o | sin? or Eliminate 0 from the following, sin 0-cos 0=p, and cosec 0-sin 0=q. Solution. Given, sin@-cos0 =p cosee 0 - sin = Adding equation (i) and equation (ii), we have cosec 0 -cos0 =p +q or 1-cos0 sin =(p +q) sin® ‘Squaring equation (i) we have 1-2 sin 6 cos@ =p? or 2sin 8 cos@ = 1-p' g g 3 a Zz zg Zz g a = a 2 5 @ a g g 3 S 8 8 e 5 a 2 2 From equation (ii) and equation equation (iv), 1- e =(p+q)sin0 lep? 2Xp+q) Putting the value of sin @ in equation (ii), we have or sin@ = Ap+g) _1+p* lip? Xp+q) (p+ 1)? +29 (p+q) (1 +p) =4(p +g). Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCCHAPTER - 20 : EILLMINATION Eliminate 0 from the equations x= acos 0+ bcos 20, andy =asin 0+b sin 20. Solution. Given, x =acos0 +b cos20 and y =asin€ +b sin 20 Squaring and adding equations (ii) and (ii), x? +y? =a? +b? + 2ab (cos 0 cos 26 + sin @ sin 28) or x? +y? =a? +b? + 2ab (cos (20-6) ryt-o?-0? 2ab or x? +y?—b? =a (a + 2b 08 0) From equatin (i), x =acos 0 + b (2 cos*8- 1) or x+b =cos6 (a+ 2b cos 8) Putting the value from equation (iii) and (iv), we have or cos = ateyna?-bP Payt abt 2ab a or (x +b) 20% = (x? + y?— 6%)? - (2? + y?- 6) or a? (+b +y9) = G+ y?—b9? If'm =cosec 0-sin 6, and n= sec 0-cos 0. prove that mn? = (mn)*8, xtbe= Solution. m =cosec 0 sin 0 n = sec 6 ~cos 6 From equation (i), From equation (ii), DETAILED SOLUTIONS TO EILLMINATION BY SL LONEY a _ sin“ cos”59 Adding equation (iv), and equation (vi) we have or 3s" 8 + sin? m2 5 28 = OS OF Sno sin”*0.cos”*9 Multiplying equation (iii) and equation (v), we get mn =sin® cos i 28 = (nny? = aaa m3 +n = (mn), 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONCR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 10. Prove that the result of eliminating 0 from the equations x08 (0+ a) ysin (0+ a) = asin 26 and y cos (0+ a) ~x sin (0+ a) =2acos 26 is (cos ay sin a)” (x sin ay cos a)”® = (2a) Solution. Given, 008 (0+0)+y sin (0+a) =asin 29 ycos (0 +a)—xsin (0 +a) = 2a cos 26 From equation (i), {cos 0 cos sin 8 sina} +y (sin 6 cos a + sin a cos 6) = 2a sin 9 cos 0 or —¢058 (reosa+y sina) —sin 9 (x sin ay cosa) = 2a sin cos 0 Similarly from equation (i), sin 0 (x 0s a +y sin a) +cos 6 (x sin a —y cos a) =~ 2a cos 20 Multiplying equation (ii) by cos 9 and equation (iv) by sin 0 and adding, we get (x cos «+ y sin «) (cos? 6 + sin® 6) = 2a (sin @ cos? 6 ~ cos 26 sin 6) or (cos a +, sin a) = 2a sin @ (cos? 8 ~ 2cos? 0+ 1) or (x cosa +y sina) = 2a sin’ o Multiplying equation (iii) by cos @ and equation (iv) by sin 0 and substracting (x sin ay cos a) (sin? 0 + cos® 6) = - 2a cos 0 (sin? 6 + cos 20) xsina—y cosa =-2acos*@ (ecos a +y sin a)? + (x sin a—y cos 0)9 = (2a)"%, |. Eliminate Oand ¢ from the equations sin 0+sin §=a, cos.0+cos $=b, and 0-$=a. Solution. sind +sin cos 8+ cos =b and e8- ‘Adding the square of equation (i) and equation (ii) we have (sin? 0 + cos®6 ) + (sin® 4 + cos? ¢) + 2 (cos © cos $+ sin 0 sin ¢) = a+ b? or 2cos(0-$) =a? +b?=2 or Zeosa =a*+b?-2 . Eliminate Qand ¢ from the following equations tan 0+tan ¢=x, cot 0+cot $=y,and 0+$=a Solution. Given tan 0 + tan cot 8+ cot =y 0+ From equation (i), sin 0 cos $+ sin 0 cos } = x c08 0 cos ¢ Z g 3 2 a z B Zz g E s Zz 2 q a 5 2 2 Z g 2 3 & a a aCHAPTER - 20 : EILLMINATION or sin (0 + 4) = x08 6 cos } Similarly, from equation (ii), sin (0 + ¢) =y sin@ sin Divide equation (iv) by equation (v) we have = ctanot > =tan0tan y ¢ From equation (ii, tan (0+ 4) = tana tand + tand 1-tandtand ~ Substituting the value from equation (i) and equation (vi) we have x —y stana or an a or 13, Eliminate 0+ §from the equations cos’ 0+bsin® 0 =c, bcos? g+asin® g and atan0=btang Solution. Given, acos*6+bsin?) =e bcos} +asin?> atan@ =btan$ From equation (i), acos?@ + bsin?® = c (sin? + cos” 6) or tan?0 = a5 From equation (ii) bcos? +a sin?6 =d (sin® + cos” 4) or or or 8 (b-d)(c-d) =a" (a-c) da) |. Eliminate Oand ¢from the equations cos 0+cos ¢=a, cot O+cot g=b, and cosec 0+ cosec g=e DETAILED SOLUTIONS TO EILLMINATION BY SL LONEY Solution. Given, cos 84008 =a cot 6 + cot ii) cosec 8 + cosee } fit) : O+o 0- From equation), 2¢eos —>~ cos—>* =a seniv) From equation (ii), sin (+9) =bsin@ sind seold) From equation (iii), sing +sin0 =csind sing (vi) 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONCR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES Dividing equation (v) by equation (vi) or 1+cos (0+ 4) = Putting the value of cos a from equation (iv) in equation (vii), we get ac 1 +605 (0-4) = + Substracting equation (x) from equation (viii) we have b cos (0 + #) ~cos (0-4) -a(? ale? be Putting the value of sin @ sin $ in equation (v), we get a(t? -c*) or 2sin0 sing = sin (+8) = From equation (viii,) cos (0 +4) = 2 -1 Squaring and adding the square of equation (xi) and equation (xii), we have ‘a(b? -c? a ab 2 a= a} {2h or Babe = a?(b?— 0%)? + 4a°b?, . Eliminate Oand from the following asin 0=b sin ¢ acos 0+b cos $=0, and x=y tan (0+ 9). g g 3 a Zz zg Zz g a = a 2 5 @ a g g 3 S 8 8 a a Solution. Given, asin® =bsing cos 0 +b cos =e and ‘x =ytan (0+) From equation (i), a’ sin? 0 +b? sin? -2ab sin 6 sing=0 From equation (ii), a? cos? 0 + b* cos" 6 + Zab cos 8 cos §=c* Adding equation (iv) and (v) we have a? +b? + 2ab cos (0 + 4) =c? Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NETCHAPTER - 20 : EILLMINATION a -B ab cos (0 + 4) From (3) tan? (8 + 6) . x @+@)-1= sec” (6 +4) 7 ? —b)(2ab-c? +0? +b”) ao or x(c2—a?— 6%) = yfilc-a+bNe+a—ba+b=cha+b+c)) Eliminate dand $from the following % cos 0+ ¢ sin O=1, x 2 Wa © cos $+ 7 sin g=1, ope 8 and @ sin 5 sin 5 +6? cos 5 cos " x 2 Solution. = cos0 +> sinO=1 a b F cos + 5 sing=1 1, sin 264.8% cos 20C0 2p Ae and sin 30 sin 36+ Beas 50 c0s 5 4=c Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i), ea 0H 0-6 y O46 -2sin—>~ sin] +4, - 20s —~ sin g g 3 a Zz zg Zz g a = a 2 5 oc g a g g 3 3 8 8 a a (a*y? +b?x* Multiplying equation (j) by sin § and equation (ii) by sin 0 and subtracting, we get © (eas sin 0~ sin 0 cos 4) = sin §- sino 06 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2662623, 9836608812, 8507613968 NEWTONCR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 8 -8 cos 2*9 sin ae or o- oo From equation (iii), a? (inet cosa or cos So (a? +b) —cos ot (a? — b?) = 2c? Putting the value of cos *=* from equation (v), we get 6 cos 28 fa 2 BY) x(a? b) = 220? or cos Ser __ixe? 2 © ala? +b?) +007 — Putting the value in equation (iv) we have 2xc? 1 bxlata? +b7)+2(6"—a?)) ~ [(q2y? 4 Bx) 6? (a (a? + b) + x (b —a)}? = dc! (a?y? + 67x"). ED SOLUTIONS TO EILLMINATION BY SL LONEY Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph.; 0861-2662628, 9696608612, 8607619968, NEWTONCLASSES.NET