Thermal Physics p6

Thermal Physics Paper 6 6 Mr.
Afdal Amin
12 A student is investigating the effect of a layer of cotton wool on the cooling of a test-tube of water.
Fig. 2.1 shows the apparatus.

SPECIMEN-20 P6 Q2
thermometer
water
test-tube
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A Fig. 2.1
(a) Record room temperature θ R, as shown on the thermometer in Fig. 2.2.

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Fig. 2.2
θ R = ........................................................... [1]
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(b) A student pours hot water into the test-tube until it is about two thirds full of water and places
the thermometer in the water.
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She measures the initial temperature θ of the hot water and immediately starts a stopclock.
Suggest one precaution the student takes to make sure that her temperature reading is as
accurate as possible.
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(c) The student records in Table 2.1 the time t and the temperature θ of the water every 30 s. She
removes the thermometer and pours away the water from the test-tube.
She then wraps cotton wool insulation around the test-tube and repeats the procedure.
Complete the time column and the column headings in Table 2.1.
© UCLES 2017 0625/06/SP/20

IGCSE PHYSICS 0625 PAST PAPERS BY: MR. AFDAL Page 1
Thermal Physics Paper 6 7 Mr. Afdal Amin
Table 2.1
tube without cotton wool tube with cotton wool

t/
θ/ θ/
0 79 80
65 67
58 60
55 57
53 56
52 55
51 54
[1]
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(d) Write a conclusion to this investigation, stating in which experiment the cooling is more rapid.
Explain your answer by reference to the readings and any relevant science.
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(e) Discuss the quality of the results, and suggest two improvements to the experiment which
would allow a more certain conclusion to be drawn.
quality of results: .......................................................................................................................

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improvements: ..........................................................................................................................
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(f) This experiment is being carried out by students in many different countries, using identical
apparatus.
Suggest two differences in the conditions in the various laboratories that might lead to
differences in their results.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(g) Estimate the volume of water that a test-tube can hold.
volume = .......................................................... [1]
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[Total: 12]
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21 A student investigates how partly covering the top of a beaker of water affects the rate at which
the water cools.
The apparatus used is shown in Fig. 1.1. SPECIMEN-23 P6 Q1
thermometer
lid partly covering

beaker
water
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Fig. 1.1
(a)
A
–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
°C
Fig. 1.2
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Read and record the room temperature θR, shown on the thermometer in Fig. 1.2.
θR = ........................................................... [1]
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© UCLES 2020 0625/06/SP/23

(b) The student pours 100 cm3 of hot water into a beaker. She places lid A on the beaker. This
leaves half of the top of the beaker uncovered, as shown in Fig. 1.3.
She records the temperature of the water in the beaker and immediately starts a stopwatch.
She records the temperature θ of the water every 30 s. Her readings are shown in Table 1.1.
She repeats the procedure using lid B. This leaves a quarter of the top of the beaker
uncovered, as shown in Fig. 1.4.
lid A lid B beaker

beaker
uncovered area
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uncovered area
Fig. 1.3 Fig. 1.4

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Complete the headings row in Table 1.1.
Complete the time t column in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
beaker with beaker with

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lid A lid B
t / ..... θ / ..... θ / .....
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0 80.0 81.0
77.0 79.0
74.5 77.5
A
72.5 76.0
70.5 75.0
69.0 74.0
68.0 73.5
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
[2]
(c) Describe a precaution that should be taken to ensure that the temperature readings are as
accurate as possible in the experiment.
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© UCLES 2020 0625/06/SP/23 [Turn over

(d) (i) Write a conclusion to this experiment, stating for which lid the rate of cooling is greater.
Justify your answer with reference to the results.
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(ii) Suggest a change to the apparatus that produces a greater difference between the rates
of cooling for lid A and lid B. Explain why the change produces a greater difference.
change ...............................................................................................................................
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explanation .........................................................................................................................
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[2]
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(e) Another student thinks that the cooling rate is directly proportional to the percentage of
the surface area uncovered. He draws a graph of cooling rate against the percentage of
uncovered area to investigate this.
Describe how his graph line shows whether the rate of cooling and the percentage of
uncovered surface area are directly proportional.
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(f) Students in other countries are doing the same experiment.
State one factor they must keep the same to obtain similar readings.
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[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2020 0625/06/SP/23

4
3 A student suggests that the area of the water surface will affect the rate of cooling of hot water in a
container.
Plan an experiment to investigate the relationship between surface area and rate of cooling.
Write a plan for the experiment, including:

MARCH-16 P62 Q4
• the apparatus needed
• how you will obtain a range of surface areas
• instructions for carrying out the experiment
• the measurements you will take
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• the precautions you will take to ensure that the results are as reliable as possible
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• the graph you will plot from your results – you should sketch the axes, with appropriate labels.
A diagram is not required but you may draw one if it helps to explain your plan.
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4 A student is investigating the effect of insulation on the rate of cooling of hot water in a 250 cm3
container.
The student can choose from the following apparatus: J-16 P61 Q4
thermometer
250 cm3 glass beaker
250 cm3 plastic beaker
250 cm3 copper can
250 cm3 measuring cylinder
three different insulating materials
clamp, boss and stand
stopwatch.
n
Plan an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of the three insulating materials.
mi
You should
• explain briefly how you would carry out the investigation,

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• state the key variables that you would control,
• draw a table, or tables, with column headings, to show how you would display your readings.
You are not required to enter any readings in the table,
• explain how you would use your readings to reach a conclusion.

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A diagram is not required but you may draw a diagram if it helps your explanation.
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© UCLES 2016 0625/61/M/J/16 [Turn over
5 A student is investigating the cooling of water.
J-16 P62 Q5
Some of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 5.1.
90
°C
thermometer
80
70
lid
n
insulation
mi
water
beaker A
A
Fig. 5.1
(a) The student pours 200 cm3 of hot water into a 250 cm3 insulated beaker labelled A. He covers
the top of the beaker with a lid.
The student takes a temperature reading every 30 s as the water cools. The readings are
shown in Table 5.1.
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(i) Complete the column headings in the table. [1]

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(ii) The starting temperature θ of the hot water in beaker A is shown on Fig. 5.1.
Record this temperature in the table at time t = 0 s. [1]

A
Table 5.1
beaker A beaker B beaker C

insulation and lid insulation, no lid lid, no insulation
t/ θ/ θ/ θ/
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
0 85 78
30 80 79 74
60 77 74 71
90 75 70 68
120 73 67 66
150 71 64 64
© UCLES 2016 0625/62/M/J/16

(b) The student repeats the procedure using a 250 cm3 beaker labelled B. This beaker is insulated
but has no lid.
He repeats the procedure again using a 250 cm3 beaker labelled C. This beaker has a lid but
no insulation.
All the readings are shown in Table 5.1.
(i) Tick the statement that best describes the results of the investigation.
Removing the lid speeds up the rate of cooling significantly more than removing
the insulation.
Removing the insulation speeds up the rate of cooling significantly more than
removing the lid.
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There is no significant difference between removing the lid and removing the
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insulation.
[1]
(ii) Justify your answer by reference to the readings.

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(c) State two of the conditions that should be kept the same in this experiment in order for the
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comparison to be fair.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
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2. ...............................................................................................................................................
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(d) Suggest a suitable material for the lid. Give a reason for your choice of material.
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
material .....................................................................................................................................
reason .......................................................................................................................................
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[2]

(e) Describe briefly how a measuring cylinder is read in order to obtain a reliable value for the
volume of water. You may draw a diagram.
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[Total: 10]
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61 Some students are comparing the rates of cooling of two thermometer bulbs under wet and dry
conditions.
They are using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1. J-16 P63 Q1
thermometer A
thermometer B
insulation
hot water insulation
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mi
Fig. 1.1
A
Thermometer A has a layer of cotton wool insulation fixed around the bulb.
(a) Record the room temperature θR, as shown on the thermometer in Fig. 1.2.
–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 °C

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Fig. 1.2
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θR = ...........................................................[1]
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© UCLES 2016 0625/63/M/J/16

(b) • Thermometer A is placed into hot water, at 81.0 °C, for two minutes and then removed.
• A student records, in Table 1.1, the temperature θ of the thermometer bulb every 30 s.
• Thermometer B is placed into hot water, also at 81.0 °C, for two minutes.
• The student removes thermometer B from the water and quickly wraps a layer of dry
cotton wool insulation around the bulb.
• He then records the temperature θ of the thermometer bulb every 30 s.
Complete the column headings and time column in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
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thermometer A thermometer B
with wet insulation with dry insulation
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time / θ/ θ/
0 80.0 77.5
A
75.0 70.5
67.0 64.0
59.5 59.0
53.5 54.5
48.0 50.5
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43.0 47.5
[2]
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(c) (i) Write a conclusion to this experiment, stating for which thermometer the cooling is faster.
Explain your answer by reference to the results.
A
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(ii) Describe what is unusual about the pattern of cooling for thermometer A.
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(d) The student first wrapped dry insulation around the bulb of thermometer B before starting the
timing.
(i) Suggest why he did this.
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(ii) Suggest what problem this delay in starting the timing might have caused with the
procedure.
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(e) Suggest two factors which should be kept constant to ensure that the comparison is fair.
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1. ...............................................................................................................................................
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[2]
[Total: 10]
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© UCLES 2016 0625/63/M/J/16

N-16 P61 Q2
(a) She pours 100 cm3 of hot water into a beaker.
110 °C
100
90
80
70
60
n
50
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A 40
30
20
10
0
hot
–10
water
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Fig. 2.1
A
(i) Record the temperature θH of the hot water, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
θH = ...........................................................[1]
(ii) The student measures the temperature θC of an equal volume of cold water.
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
19 °C
θC = ...............................................................
θH + θC
Calculate the average temperature θAV using the equation θAV = .
2
θAV = ...........................................................[1]
© UCLES 2016 0625/61/O/N/16 [Turn over

(b) The student adds the cold water to the hot water. She records the temperature θM of the
mixture.
46 °C
θM = ...............................................................
State one precaution that you would take to ensure that the temperature readings are as
reliable as possible.
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(c) The student is provided with:
• a lid, with a hole for the thermometer
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• some insulating material
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• two elastic bands.
In the space below, draw a labelled diagram to show how you would use these items to
reduce the loss of thermal energy when the procedure is repeated.
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[2]
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© UCLES 2016 0625/61/O/N/16

(d) Using the improvements shown in your diagram, the student repeats the procedure and
obtains these readings.
86 °C
θH = ...............................................................
20 °C
θC = ...............................................................
53 °C
θAV = ...............................................................
49 °C
θM = ...............................................................
Comment on whether the improvements made to the apparatus have significantly changed
the value of the temperature θM. Use the results to justify your answer.
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(e) Suggest two conditions that should be kept constant for all parts, (a) to (d), of this experiment.
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1. ...............................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 8]
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84 A student is investigating whether using a lid reduces the time taken to heat a beaker of water to
boiling point.
The student has the following apparatus available: N-16 P62 Q4
thermometer
heatproof mat
lid to fit the beaker
clamp, boss and stand.
Plan an experiment to investigate whether using a lid reduces the heating time.
n
You should
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• list the additional apparatus that you would require
• explain briefly how you would carry out the investigation
• state the key variables that you would control

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• draw a table, with column headings, to show how you would display your readings; you are
not required to enter any readings in the table

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A diagram is not required but you may draw a diagram if it helps your explanation.
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A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
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© UCLES 2016 0625/62/O/N/16

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91 Some students are investigating how the surface area of water exposed to the air affects the rate
at which the water cools.
They are using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1. Beaker B is bigger than beaker A.
N-16 P63 Q1
°C
°C
0
0
11
11
0
0
10
10
90
90
80
80
70
70
water surface
60
60
50
50
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hot water
40
40
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30
30
20
20
10
10
A
0
0
0
0
–1
–1
A B
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Fig. 1.1
(a) The students pour 75 cm3 of hot water into beaker A and 75 cm3 of hot water into beaker B.
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They immediately start a stopclock.
(i) Record, in the first row of Table 1.1, the initial temperatures θ of the water in beaker A
and in beaker B, as shown in Fig. 1.1. [1]
A
(ii) The students record the temperatures θ of the water every 30 s. Their readings are
shown in Table 1.1.
Complete the headings and the time t column in Table 1.1. [2]
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© UCLES 2016 0625/63/O/N/16

Table 1.1
beaker A beaker B
t/ θ/ θ/
0
80.0 76.0
78.0 73.5
76.5 71.0
75.0 68.5
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73.5 66.5
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72.5 65.0
(b) Describe two precautions which should be taken, when using this apparatus, to ensure that
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the temperature readings are as reliable as possible in the experiment.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
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2. ...............................................................................................................................................
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(c) (i) Write a conclusion, stating how increasing the surface area of the hot water affects the
rate of cooling of the water. Justify your answer by reference to the results.
A
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(ii) Suggest a change to the apparatus to make the comparison of the effect of surface area
on cooling a fairer test.
Explain why the change is an improvement and state the likely effect on the recorded
temperatures.
change ..............................................................................................................................
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explanation ........................................................................................................................
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effect on temperatures ......................................................................................................
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[3]
(d) Students in other classrooms are carrying out the same experiment.
Suggest a factor that they should keep the same if they are all to obtain similar temperature
A
readings.
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[Total: 11]
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© UCLES 2016 0625/63/O/N/16

1
10 Some students are investigating how the surrounding temperature affects the rate at which water
cools.
They are using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1. MARCH-17 P62 Q1
0
10
80
test-tube
°C °C
90
hot water hot
70
beaker water
80
60 cold
warm
water
water
70
50
60
40
n
beaker A beaker B
50
30
mi 40
20
30
10
A
20
0
10
0
–1
Fig. 1.1
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(a) Using Fig. 1.1
• record the temperature θA of the cold water in beaker A,

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θA = ...............................................................
• record the temperature θB of the warm water in beaker B.

A
θB = ...............................................................
[1]
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© UCLES 2017 0625/62/F/M/17

(b) The test-tubes of hot water are placed into beakers A and B.
The students record the temperatures θ of the water in the test-tubes every 30 s. Their
readings are shown in Table 1.1.
Complete the units and the time column in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
tube in beaker A tube in beaker B

time
with cold water with warm water
t/ θ/ θ/
0 80.5 81.0
n
52.5 64.5
42.0 55.0
mi
36.0 50.5
32.5 48.0
A
30.5 46.5
29.0 45.5
[2]
(c) Describe two precautions that you would take, before reading the thermometer, to ensure
that the temperature readings are as accurate as possible in the experiment.
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1. ...............................................................................................................................................
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2. ...............................................................................................................................................
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(d) Write a conclusion stating how increasing the temperature of the surrounding water affects
the rate of cooling of the water in the test-tube.
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
Justify your answer by reference to the results in Table 1.1.
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© UCLES 2017 0625/62/F/M/17 [Turn over

(e) Suggest one change to the experiment shown in Fig. 1.1 to ensure that the comparison of the
effect of surrounding temperature on cooling is a fair test.
Explain why the change is an improvement.
change ......................................................................................................................................
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explanation ...............................................................................................................................
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[2]
(f) The students use a measuring cylinder to measure 200 cm3 of cold water.
n
Describe briefly how to read a measuring cylinder to obtain an accurate value for the volume
of water. You may draw a diagram.
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A
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[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2017 0625/62/F/M/17

5
11 A student is investigating the effect of draughts (moving air) on the rate of cooling of hot water.
The following apparatus is available to the student: J-17 P62 Q5
an electric fan with four speed settings

a supply of hot water
thermometer
250 cm3 beaker
stopwatch
clamp, boss and stand.
Plan an experiment to investigate the effect of draughts on the rate of cooling of hot water.
n
You should:
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A
• draw a table, or tables, with column headings, to show how you would display your
readings (you are not required to enter any readings in the table)
You may draw a diagram if it helps your explanation.

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A
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[Total: 7]
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2
12 A student is investigating the cooling of water. N-17 P62 Q2
(a) The thermometer in Fig. 2.1 shows room temperature θR at the beginning of the experiment.
Record θR.
–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110°C
Fig. 2.1
θR = ..................................................... ºC [1]
(b) The student pours 50 cm3 of hot water into a beaker.
He measures the temperature θH of the hot water.
n
86 °C
θH = ...............................................................
mi
He adds 50 cm3 of cold water to the beaker. He stirs the water briefly.
He measures the new temperature θM of the water in the beaker.

A
52 °C
θM = ...............................................................
Calculate the temperature fall θF using the equation θF = (θH − θM).
θF = ...............................................................
[1]
al
(c) He repeats the procedure in (b) using 100 cm3 of hot water and 100 cm3 of cold water.
84 °C
θH = ...............................................................
fd
54 °C
θM = ...............................................................
Calculate the temperature fall θF using the equation θF = (θH − θM).

A
θF = ...........................................................[1]
(d) Suggest one reason for stirring the water before reading θM.
...................................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(e) A student states that the temperature fall θF should be the same each time because the
proportions of hot and cold water are the same.
Suggest one reason why θF could be significantly different in (b) and (c).
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
© UCLES 2017 0625/62/O/N/17
(f) Suggest an improvement to the apparatus to make it more likely that θF would be the same
each time.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(g) Suggest a condition, not included in your answer to (f), that you would control to make it more
likely that θF would be the same each time.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
n
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
mi
(h) The student uses a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of water he uses. Draw a
measuring cylinder about half-full of water. Show clearly on your diagram the line-of-sight
required for obtaining a correct reading for the volume of water.
A
al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
[3]
[Total: 10]

1
13 Some students are investigating how the use of a lid affects the rate of cooling of water in a
beaker.
They are using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1. N-17 P63 Q1
thermometer
beakers lid
A B
n
mi
Fig. 1.1
• A student pours 100 cm3 of hot water into beaker A.

A
• He records the temperature of the water in beaker A and immediately starts a stopclock.
• The student records the temperature θ of the water every 30 s. His readings are shown
in Table 1.1.
• The student repeats the procedure for beaker B using 75 cm3 of hot water.
(a) Complete the headings and the time column in Table 1.1. [2]
al
Table 1.1
beaker A beaker B
fd
without a lid with a lid

t/ θ/ θ/
80.0 81.0
A
77.0 79.0
74.5 77.5
72.5 76.0
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
70.5 75.0
69.0 74.0
68.0 73.5
© UCLES 2017 0625/63/O/N/17

(b) Describe two precautions which should be taken to ensure that the temperature readings are
as accurate as possible in the experiment.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) (i) Write a conclusion, stating how the use of the lid affects the rate of cooling of the water.
Justify your answer by reference to the results.
...........................................................................................................................................
n
...........................................................................................................................................
mi
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
A
(ii) Suggest one change to the apparatus or procedure to make the comparison a fairer test.
Explain why the change makes the test fairer.
change ..............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
al
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
fd
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
A
(iii) The temperature of the water in each beaker decreases.
Describe one other similarity in the pattern of cooling in beakers A and B.
...........................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(d)
–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
°C
Fig. 1.2
(i) Record the room temperature θR, shown on the thermometer in Fig. 1.2.
θR = .......................................................... [1]
(ii) Another student is carrying out the same experiment in a room with a room temperature
that is much higher than θR.
Suggest whether this might affect the cooling of the water in beaker A in her experiment.
Briefly explain your answer.
n
suggestion .........................................................................................................................
mi
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
A
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total: 11]
al
fd
A
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© UCLES 2017 0625/63/O/N/17

3
14 The class is investigating the cooling of water. J-17 P61 Q3
thermometer
n
water
mi
beaker
Fig. 3.1
A
(a) The thermometer in Fig. 3.2 shows the room temperature θR at the beginning of the
experiment.
Record θR.
al
–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

°C
fd
Fig. 3.2
θR = ...........................................................[1]
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2017 0625/61/M/J/17

(b) • A student pours 200 cm3 of hot water into the beaker.
• She measures the temperature θ of the hot water in the beaker.
• She immediately starts a stopclock.
• After 180 s, she measures the temperature θ of the hot water.
• After 360 s, she measures the temperature θ of the hot water again.
The readings are shown in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1
t/s θ / °C
n
0 85
mi
180 74
360 66
A
(i) • Calculate the temperature fall Δθ1 during the first 180 s.
Δθ1 = ...............................................................
al
• Calculate the temperature fall Δθ2 during the next 180 s.

fd
Δθ2 = ...........................................................[1]
(ii) Suggest why Δθ1 is different from Δθ2 .

A
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Another student plans to investigate the factors affecting the difference between the values of
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
Δθ1 and Δθ2 .
Suggest two changes that he could make to the procedure to obtain a larger value of this
difference.
1. ............................................................................................................................................
2. ............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) The volume of water used in this experiment is measured using a measuring cylinder.
Fig. 3.3 shows a measuring cylinder.
A, B, C and D are four possible lines of sight that could be used to read the volume of the
water.
cm3
100
90
80
70
n
D
60
A
mi
B
C 50
40
A
30
water
20
10
al
Fig. 3.3
fd
Give two reasons why B should be used to obtain the most accurate reading.
1. ............................................................................................................................................
A
............................................................................................................................................
2. ............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2017 0625/61/M/J/17

4
15 Plan an experiment to investigate how increasing the number of layers of insulation affects the
rate of cooling of hot water in a beaker.
Write a plan for the experiment, including: J-17 P63 Q4
• the apparatus needed
• what you would measure
• the variables you would keep the same to ensure the comparison is a fair test
• instructions for carrying out the experiment
• how you would present your results
• how you would use your readings to reach a conclusion.
n
You may draw a diagram if it helps to explain your plan.
mi
A
al
..........................................................................................................................................................
fd
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
n
..........................................................................................................................................................
mi
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
al
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
fd
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................[7]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2017 0625/63/M/J/17
4
16 A student is investigating the relationship between the power produced by an electrical heater and
the time taken to heat a beaker of water. The power of the heater is given by the equation P = VI,
where V is the potential difference (p.d.) across the heater and I is the current in the heater.
Plan an experiment to investigate the relationship between the power produced by an electrical
heater and the time taken to heat a beaker of water.
The following apparatus is available:

N-18 P61 Q4
ammeter
voltmeter
0–12 V variable power supply
250 cm3 beaker
heater
thermometer
stopwatch
n
The student can also use other apparatus and materials that are usually available in a school
mi
laboratory.
You should:
A
• complete the diagram in Fig. 4.1 to show the circuit that you would use
• draw a table with column headings, to show how you would display your readings (you
al
are not required to enter any readings in the table)
• explain how you would use your results to reach a conclusion.

fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2018 0625/61/O/N/18

n
mi
beaker
A
electrical heater water
Fig. 4.1
al
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
fd
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................... [7]
n
[Total: 7]
mi
A
al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2018 0625/61/O/N/18

4
17 A student is investigating whether the type of container affects the time taken for water to be
heated from room temperature to boiling point.
The following apparatus is available: N-18 P62 Q4
250 cm3 copper can

250 cm3 aluminium can
Bunsen burner
measuring cylinder
thermometer
tripod and gauze
stopwatch
Other apparatus normally available in the school laboratory is also available.
n
Plan an experiment to investigate whether the type of container affects the time taken for water to
be heated from room temperature to boiling point.
mi
You should:

A
• draw a table, or tables, with column headings to show how you would display your readings
(you are not required to enter any readings in the table)
• explain briefly how you would use your readings to reach a conclusion.
al
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
fd
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2018 0625/62/O/N/18

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
n
..........................................................................................................................................................
mi
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..................................................................................................................................................... [7]
[Total: 7]
al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2018 0625/62/O/N/18

4
18 A student is investigating the conduction of thermal energy by metals.
Plan an experiment to compare the rates at which different metals conduct thermal energy.
The apparatus available includes:

N-18 P63 Q4
strips of different metals, shaped as shown in Fig. 4.1
a test-tube in a clamp stand
a beaker
a supply of cold water
a supply of hot water.
n
mi
A
Fig. 4.1
The shorter section of each strip of metal can fit inside a test-tube.
Write a plan for the experiment.
You should:
al
• list any additional apparatus needed
•
fd
draw a labelled diagram of how the apparatus will be arranged
• explain briefly how you will carry out the experiment

A
• explain how the metals will be compared
• state the precautions which should be taken to obtain reliable results.

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2018 0625/63/O/N/18

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
n
..........................................................................................................................................................
mi
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
al
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
fd
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
..........................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................... [7]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2018 0625/63/O/N/18

2
19 Some students are investigating how the volume of water affects the rate at which water in a
beaker cools.
100
100
clamp
90
90
clamp
80
80
thermometer A thermometer B
beaker A beaker B
bench
n
Fig. 2.1
mi
(a) (i) 200 cm3 of hot water is poured into beaker A and the initial temperature rises to the value
shown on thermometer A in Fig. 2.1.
A
In the first row of Table 2.1, record this temperature θA for time t = 0.
100 cm3 of hot water is poured into beaker B. The temperature rises to the value shown
on thermometer B in Fig. 2.1.
In the first row of the table, record this temperature θB for time t = 0.
[1]
al
(ii) The temperatures θA and θB of the water in each experiment at times t = 30 s, 60 s, 90 s,

120 s, 150 s and 180 s are shown in the table.
fd
Complete the headings and the time column in the table. [2]
Table 2.1
A
beaker A beaker B
with 200 cm3 of water with 100 cm3 of water
t/ θA / θB /
0
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
85.0 86.0
83.0 83.0
81.5 80.5
80.0 78.0
78.5 76.0
77.5 74.5
© UCLES 2018 0625/62/F/M/18

(b) Describe one precaution which should be taken to ensure that the temperature readings in
the experiment are as accurate as possible.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Write a conclusion stating how the volume of water in the beaker affects the rate of cooling of
the water. Justify your answer by reference to the results.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
n
...................................................................................................................................................
mi
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(d) (i) Using the results for 100 cm3 of water, calculate the average rate of cooling x1 for the
first 90 s of the experiment. Use the readings from the table and the equation
A
θ0 – θ90
x1 = ,
t
where t = 90 s and θ0 and θ90 are the temperatures at time 0 and at time 90 s.
Include the unit for the rate of cooling.
al
x1 = ...........................................................[1]
fd
(ii) Using the results for 100 cm3 of water, calculate the average rate of cooling x2 in the last
90 s of the experiment. Use the readings from the table and the equation
A
θ90 – θ180
x2 = ,
t
where t = 90 s and θ90 and θ180 are the temperatures at time 90 s and at time 180 s.
Include the unit for the rate of cooling.
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
x2 = ............................................................[1]

(e) A student suggests that it is important that the experiments with the two volumes of water
should have the same starting temperatures.
State whether your values for x1 and x2 support this suggestion. Justify your statement with
reference to your results.
statement ..................................................................................................................................
justification ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(f) Another student plans to investigate whether more thermal energy is lost from the water
n
surface than from the sides of the beakers.
mi
Describe an experiment that could be done to investigate this.
You may draw a diagram to help your description.

A
al
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
fd
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 11]
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2018 0625/62/F/M/18

4
20 A student is investigating the effect of double-walled insulation on the rate of cooling of hot water
in a copper container. The student places the copper container inside a larger metal container. He
is investigating the effect of the size of the air gap between the copper container and larger metal
containers.
Plan an experiment to investigate the effect of the size of the air gap between the copper container
and larger metal containers on the rate of cooling of hot water.
The following apparatus is available: J-18 P61 Q4
a copper container
a number of metal containers of different diameters (all larger than the copper container)
a thermometer
a stopwatch
n
a measuring cylinder
mi
You can also use other apparatus and materials that are usually available in a school laboratory.
In your plan, you should:

A
• draw a table, or tables, with column headings, to show how you would display your readings
al
You may draw a diagram if it helps your explanation.

fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2018 0625/61/M/J/18

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
n
..........................................................................................................................................................
mi
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
al
..........................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................[7]
fd
[Total: 7]
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2018 0625/61/M/J/18

2
J-18 P62 Q2
Fig. 2.1 shows the apparatus used.
thermometer
n
bench
mi
Fig. 2.1
A
Record θR.
–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

°C
al
Fig. 2.2
fd
θR = ......................................................... [1]
(b) The student pours 200 cm3 of hot water into the beaker.
A
He records the temperature θH of the hot water at time t = 0 and immediately starts a
stopclock.
He continues recording the temperature readings every 30 s. The readings are shown in
Table 2.1.
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
(i) Explain why the student should wait a few seconds after placing the thermometer in the
hot water before taking the first temperature reading.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Complete the column headings in Table 2.1. [1]
(iii) Complete the time column in Table 2.1. [1]
Table 2.1
t/ θ/
0 70
60
52
49
n
46
mi
43
(iv) Plot a graph of θ / °C (y-axis) against t / s (x-axis). You do not need to start the y-axis at
A
the origin (0,0) but the value of room temperature θR must be marked on the y-axis.
al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
[4]
© UCLES 2018 0625/62/M/J/18

(c) Draw a horizontal line across the graph grid to indicate the value of room temperature θR, as
shown by the thermometer in Fig. 2.2. [1]
(d) State two precautions that you would take in order to obtain accurate readings in
this experiment.
1. ..............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(e) A student plans to repeat the experiment using the same thermometer and the same volume
n
of water.
mi
Suggest two changes to the apparatus or the procedure that would increase the rate of
cooling of the water.
1. ..............................................................................................................................................
A
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
al
[Total: 13]
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

1
22 A student is investigating how partly covering the surface of the water in a beaker affects the rate
at which the water cools.
The apparatus used is shown in Fig. 1.1. J-18 P63 Q1
thermometer
lid
water
n
mi
Fig. 1.1
(a)
A
–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
°C
Fig. 1.2
al
Record the room temperature θR, shown on the thermometer in Fig. 1.2.
fd
θR = ......................................................... [1]
A
(b) The student pours 100 cm3 of hot water into a beaker. She places lid A on the beaker. This
leaves half of the water surface uncovered, as shown in Fig. 1.3.
She records the temperature of the water in the beaker and immediately starts a stopclock.
She records the temperature θ of the water every 30 s. Her readings are shown in Table 1.1.
She repeats the procedure using lid B. This leaves a quarter of the water surface uncovered,
as shown in Fig. 1.4.
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
lid A beaker lid B beaker
uncovered area
uncovered area
Fig. 1.3 Fig. 1.4

© UCLES 2018 0625/63/M/J/18
Complete the headings and the time t column in Table 1.1. [2]
Table 1.1
beaker with lid A beaker with lid B
t/ θ/ θ/
0 80.0 81.0
77.0 79.0
74.5 77.5
72.5 76.0
70.5 75.0
n
69.0 74.0
mi
68.0 73.5
accurate as possible in the experiment.
A
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) (i) Write a conclusion to this experiment, stating for which lid the rate of cooling is greater.
Explain your answer by reference to the results.
al
...........................................................................................................................................
fd
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
A
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Suggest a change to the apparatus that could produce a greater difference between the
rates of cooling for lid A and lid B.
Explain why the change might produce a greater difference.

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
change ..............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(e) A student suggests that the rate of cooling is directly proportional to the percentage of the
uncovered surface area. He wants to draw a graph of cooling rate against the percentage of
uncovered area to investigate this.
Describe how his graph line will show whether the rate of cooling and the percentage of
uncovered surface area are directly proportional.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(f) Students in other countries carry out the same experiment.
Suggest one factor that they should keep the same if they are to obtain similar readings.
...................................................................................................................................................
n
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
mi
A [Total: 11]
al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2018 0625/63/M/J/18

3
23 A student investigates the cooling of water. N-19 P61 Q3
Record θR.
–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

°C
Fig. 3.1
θR = ........................................................ [1]
(b) • The student pours 200 cm3 of hot water into a beaker. He places a thermometer in the
n
water.
mi
• He measures the temperature θ of the hot water in the beaker.
• He immediately starts the stopclock and continues recording the temperature of the
water every 60 s. The temperature readings are shown in Table 3.1.
A
Table 3.1
t/ θ/
0 95
89
al
85
81
fd
78
(i) Complete the time column in Table 3.1. [1]

A
(ii) Complete the column headings in Table 3.1. [1]
(c) • Calculate the decrease in temperature Δθ1 during the first 120 s.
Δθ1 = ..............................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
• Calculate the decrease in temperature Δθ2 during the last 120 s.
Δθ2 = ..............................................................
[1]
© UCLES 2019 0625/61/O/N/19

(d) (i) Tick the box to show your conclusion from the results in (c).
The average rate of cooling is greater in the first 120 s than the average rate of
cooling in the last 120 s.
The average rate of cooling is less in the first 120 s than the average rate of
cooling in the last 120 s.
The average rate of cooling is the same in the first 120 s as the last 120 s.
[1]
(ii) Justify your conclusion in (d)(i) by reference to the results.
...........................................................................................................................................
n
...........................................................................................................................................
mi
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Suggest two ways in which the student could reduce the rate of loss of thermal energy from
the beaker in this type of experiment.
A
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(f) Draw a diagram of a measuring cylinder being used to determine the volume of water. Show
al
clearly the water level and draw, with a ruler, a straight line showing the line of sight required
to obtain an accurate reading of the volume of water.
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
[2]
[Total: 11]

3
24 A student is investigating the rate of cooling of water under different conditions. A greater rate of
cooling occurs if there is a greater change in the temperature during the same period of time.
Fig. 3.1 shows some of the apparatus.

J-19 P61 Q3
thermometer
lid
clamp stand
n
hot water
beaker
mi
bench
Fig. 3.1
A
experiment. Record θR.
–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 °C

al
Fig. 3.2
θR = ........................................................ [1]
fd
She records the temperature θ of the hot water at time t = 0. She immediately starts a
A
stopclock.
She continues recording the time and the temperature readings every 30 s. The readings are
shown in Table 3.1.
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2019 0625/61/M/J/19

Table 3.1 Table 3.2
beaker can
t/ θ/ t/ θ/
0 94 0 93
30 93 30 91
60 92 60 90
90 91 90 89
120 90 120 88
150 89 150 87
n
The student repeats the procedure using a metal can, painted matt black, in place of the
mi
beaker.
The readings are shown in Table 3.2.
(i) Complete the column headings in Table 3.1 and in Table 3.2. [1]
A
(ii) Look carefully at the readings in Table 3.1 and in Table 3.2.
Tick the box to show your conclusion from the readings.
The water in the beaker has a greater rate of cooling than the water in the can.
al
The water in the beaker has a smaller rate of cooling than the water in the can.
There is no significant difference between the rates of cooling of the water in

fd
the beaker and the can.

[1]
(iii) Justify your conclusion by reference to the readings.

A
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) A student in another school carries out the experiment and reports that the rate of cooling of
the water in the can is different from the rate of cooling of the water in the beaker. He plans a
change to the experiment to find out whether this difference in the rates of cooling is caused
by
• the matt black surface of the can being a better radiator of thermal energy than the shiny
surface of the beaker
• the metal of the can being a better conductor of thermal energy than the material of the
beaker.
(i) Suggest two suitable changes to the apparatus that the student could make.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
n
2. .......................................................................................................................................
mi
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
A
(ii) Suggest two variables that should be controlled in order to make the experiment a fair
test.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
al
2. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
fd
(d) State one precaution that you would take in order to record accurate temperature readings.
A
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 10]
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2019 0625/61/M/J/19

4
25 A student is investigating ways of slowing the rate of cooling of hot liquids in a container.
The student knows that a lid will reduce the rate of cooling. He wants to find out if the thickness of
the lid makes any difference to the rate of cooling.
Plan an experiment which will enable him to compare the effects of lids of different thicknesses.

N-19 P63 Q4
• list the apparatus needed
• explain briefly how you would carry out the investigation, including the measurements to
be taken
• state any key variables that would need to be kept the same
• draw a suitable table or tables, with column headings, to show how the readings would
n
be displayed (you are not required to enter any readings in the table)
mi
You may draw a diagram if it helps to explain your plan.

A
al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
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n
..........................................................................................................................................................
mi
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
al
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
fd
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
..........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [7]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/63/O/N/19

2
26 Students are investigating how the use of a lid or insulation affects the rate of cooling of hot water
in a beaker. They use the apparatus shown in Fig. 2.1.
thermometer
insulation beakers lid
A B
400
MARCH-19 P62 Q2
30
n
20
mi
Fig. 2.1
A
(a) Record the room temperature θR shown on the thermometer in Fig. 2.1.
θR = ........................................................ [1]
(b) • 100 cm3 of hot water is poured into beaker A and the initial temperature θ is recorded in
Table 2.1.
• The temperature θ of the water at times t = 30 s, 60 s, 90 s, 120 s, 150 s and 180 s are
al
shown in Table 2.1.

• This process is repeated for beaker B.
fd
Complete the headings and the time column in Table 2.1. [2]
Table 2.1
A
beaker A beaker B
with insulation with a lid
t/ θ/ θ/
0 83.0 86.0
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
79.0 84.0
75.5 82.5
73.0 81.0
71.0 80.0
69.5 79.0
68.5 78.5

(c) Write a conclusion stating whether the insulation or the lid is more effective in reducing the
cooling rate of the water in the beakers in this experiment.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(d) One student thinks that the experiment does not show how effective insulation is on its own
or how effective a lid is on its own.
n
Suggest an additional experiment which could be used to show how effective a lid or insulation
is.
mi
Explain how the additional results could be used.
additional experiment ...............................................................................................................

A
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
al
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
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(e) (i) Calculate xA, the average cooling rate for beaker A over the whole experiment. Use the
readings for beaker A from Table 2.1 and the equation
θ – θ180
xA = 0
T
where T = 180 s and θ0 and θ180 are the temperatures at time t = 0 and time t = 180 s.
Include the unit for the cooling rate.
xA = ........................................................ [2]
(ii) Students in another school are carrying out this experiment using identical equipment.
State why they should make the initial temperature of the water the same as in this
experiment if they are to obtain average cooling rates that are the same as in Table 2.1.
n
Assume that the room temperature is the same in each case.
mi
Use the results from beaker A to explain why this factor should be controlled.
statement ..........................................................................................................................
A
...........................................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
al
[Total: 11]
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

4
27 A student investigates the time taken for ice cubes in a container to melt using different insulating
materials on the container.
a copper container
a variety of insulating materials that can be wrapped round the copper container
a thermometer
a stopwatch
a supply of ice cubes
The student can also use other apparatus and materials that are usually available in a school
laboratory.
Plan an experiment to investigate the time taken for ice cubes to melt using different insulating
materials.
n
mi
• draw a diagram of the apparatus used

A

al
fd
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
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..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
n
.................................................................................................................................................... [7]
mi
A [Total: 7]
al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2019 0625/62/O/N/19

2
28 A student is investigating the transfer of thermal energy between hot water in a beaker and cold
water in a glass boiling tube.
He is using the apparatus shown in Fig. 2.1. J-19 P63 Q2
thermometers
glass
boiling tube clamp stand
beaker
70
n
50
bench
mi
40
30
A 20
10
al
10
Fig. 2.1
(a) Record the room temperature θR, shown on the thermometer in the boiling tube.
fd
θR = ........................................................ [1]
A
(b) The student pours cold water into the boiling tube and hot water into the beaker.
He places the boiling tube into the beaker of hot water.
He then records the temperatures θC of the water in the boiling tube and the temperatures θH
of the water in the beaker every 30 s.
His readings are shown in Table 2.1.

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
(i) Complete the headings and the time column in Table 2.1. [2]

(ii) It is difficult to read both thermometers every 30 s.
Describe briefly a technique that would ensure the temperature readings are as accurate
as possible in the experiment.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
Table 2.1
difference in
boiling tube beaker
temperature
t/ θC / θH / (θH - θC) /
n
0 19.5 88.5 69.0
mi
31.0 83.0 52.0
39.5 80.0 40.5
47.5 77.5 30.0
A
54.0 75.5 21.5
59.0 74.0 15.0
63.0 73.0 10.0
al
(c) Write a conclusion stating how the difference in temperature between the cold water and the
hot water affects the rate of heating of the water in the boiling tube.
fd
Justify your answer by reference to the readings.
...................................................................................................................................................
A
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2019 0625/63/M/J/19

(d) (i) State what you expect the temperature in the boiling tube will be when θC stops rising.
Justify your answer by reference to the readings.
statement ..........................................................................................................................
justification ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) State what you predict the temperature θH of the water in the beaker will be after a few
hours.
n
θH = ........................................................ [1]
mi
(e) Suggest two changes that could be made to the apparatus or the procedure to ensure that
the temperature θC of the cold water in the boiling tube rises more quickly.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
A
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
al
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
fd
[Total: 11]
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

2
29 A student is investigating the rate of cooling of water under different conditions. A greater rate of
cooling occurs if there is a greater change in the temperature during the same period of time.
Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2 show the apparatus used. J-19 P62 Q2
Beaker A has a lid. Beaker B is on a mat made of the same material as the lid. The mat and the lid
have the same thickness.
thermometer
lid
n
mi
beaker A
A
Fig. 2.1
al
thermometer
fd
A
beaker B
mat
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
Fig. 2.2
–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 °C
Fig. 2.3
θR = ........................................................ [1]

(b) The student pours 200 cm3 of hot water into beaker A. He places the lid on the beaker and
places the thermometer in the beaker, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
He records the temperature θ of the hot water at time t = 0. He immediately starts the
stopclock.
He records the time and temperature readings every 30 s until he has six sets of readings.
He repeats the procedure using beaker B. This beaker is on a mat but has no lid.
All the readings are shown in Table 2.1 and Table 2.2.
Table 2.1 Table 2.2
Beaker A, with lid Beaker B, on a mat
n
t/ θ/ t/ θ/
mi
0 81 0 83
30 80 30 82
60 79 60 80
A
90 78 90 79
120 77 120 78
150 76 150 77
(i) Complete the column headings in Table 2.1 and in Table 2.2. [1]
al
(ii) Look carefully at the readings in Table 2.1 and in Table 2.2.
Tick the box to show your conclusion from the readings.

fd
The lid reduces the rate of cooling of the water significantly more than the mat
reduces the rate of cooling of the water.
A
The mat reduces the rate of cooling of the water significantly more than the lid
reduces the rate of cooling of the water.
There is no significant difference between the lid and the mat in reducing the
rate of cooling of the water.
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
[1]
(iii) Justify your conclusion by reference to the readings.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2019 0625/62/M/J/19

(c) A student plans to repeat the experiment using the same apparatus and the same volume
of water. Suggest one change to the procedure that will decrease the rate of cooling of the
water.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) State one precaution that you must take in order to record accurate temperature readings.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(e) Suggest two variables that must be controlled in order to make the experiment a fair test.
n
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
mi
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
A
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(f) It is important to view a measuring cylinder correctly to obtain an accurate value of the volume
of a liquid. Tick the box that gives the best description of how to read a measuring cylinder.
The line of sight should be along the scale.

al
The line of sight should be vertical.
The line of sight should be at right-angles to the scale.

fd
The line of sight should be parallel to the scale.

[1]
A
[Total: 10]
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

2
30 Students are investigating the cooling of hot water in a beaker.
thermometer
70
beaker
60
50
bench
n
40
mi
30
20
A
10
0
al
Fig. 2.1
(a) Record room temperature θR shown on the thermometer in Fig. 2.1.

fd
θR = ........................................................ [1]
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

(b) A volume of 150 cm3 of hot water is poured into the beaker and the initial temperature θ is
recorded in Table 2.1.
The temperature of the water is recorded every 30 s. The values are shown in Table 2.1.
(i) Complete the headings in Table 2.1. [1]
Table 2.1
t/ θ/
0 95.0
30 89.0
60 83.5
90 79.0
n
120 75.0
mi
150 71.5
180 68.5
210 66.0
A
240 64.0
270 62.5
(ii) Describe one precaution that you would take to ensure that the temperature readings in
the experiment are as accurate as possible.
al
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2020 0625/62/F/M/20

(c) (i) Calculate the average cooling rate x1 during the first 90 s of the experiment. Use the
readings from Table 2.1 and the equation
θ0 – θ90
x1 =
T
where T = 90 s and θ0 and θ90 are the temperatures at t = 0 and t = 90 s.
x1 = ........................................................ [1]
(ii) Calculate the average cooling rate x2 during the middle 90 s of the experiment. Use the
θ90 – θ180
x2 =
n
T
where T = 90 s and θ90 and θ180 are the temperatures at t = 90 s and t = 180 s.
mi x2 = ........................................................ [1]
A
(iii) Calculate the average cooling rate x3 during the last 90 s of the experiment. Use the
θ180 – θ270
x3 =
T
where T = 90 s and θ180 and θ270 are the temperatures at t = 180 s and t = 270 s.
al
x3 = ........................................................ [1]
fd
(d) (i) The temperature of the water falls as time passes. Use the results from (c) to describe
the pattern of the rate of cooling of the water during the experiment.
A
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give an estimate of the probable final temperature θF of the water if left to cool for many
hours.
θF = ........................................................ [1]

(e) (i) A student in another school carries out a similar experiment.
She starts with the hot water at a lower initial temperature.
Suggest how her cooling rates are likely to compare with those calculated in (c).
Use the results to explain your answer.
suggestion .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
n
(ii) State one variable, other than the initial temperature, which the student should control.
mi
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
A
[Total: 11]
al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2020 0625/62/F/M/20

4
31 A student investigates the effect of the colour of the surface of a metal container on the rate of loss
of heat from the container. She knows that black surfaces are better radiators of thermal energy
than white surfaces and wants to investigate the effect of other colours.
The following apparatus is available: J-20 P61 Q4
metal containers each with the outer surface painted a different colour
a thermometer
a stop-watch
She can also use other apparatus and materials that are usually available in a school laboratory.
Plan an experiment to investigate the effect of the colour of the surface of a metal container on the
rate of loss of heat from the container.
n
You should:
mi
• draw a diagram of the apparatus used

A
• state the key variables to be kept constant

al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
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..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
n
..........................................................................................................................................................
mi
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
al
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
fd
..........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [7]
A
[Total: 7]
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2020 0625/61/M/J/20

2
32 A student investigates the cooling of water under different conditions. N-20 P61 Q2
Fig. 2.1 shows the apparatus she uses.
stand
thermometer
clamp
boss
beaker
n
bench
mi
Fig. 2.1
A
–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110°C
Fig. 2.2
al
θR = ......................................................... [1]
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

She records the temperature θ of the hot water at time t = 0. She immediately starts a
stopclock.
After 180 s, she measures the temperature θ shown on the thermometer. Her temperature
readings are shown in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
t/ θ 1/
85
69
n
(i) Complete the time column and the column headings in Table 2.1. [1]
mi
(ii) Calculate the drop in temperature Δθ 1 between times t = 0 and t = 180 s.
A
Δθ 1 = ......................................................... [1]
Δθ 1
(iii) Calculate the average rate of cooling R1 of the water using the equation R1 = ,
Δt
where Δt = 180 s. Include the unit.
al
R1 = ......................................................... [1]
(c) The student empties the beaker. She pours 150 cm3 of hot water into the beaker. She
fd
adds 50 cm3 of cold water to the beaker. She repeats the timing and temperature recording
procedure described in (b). The temperature readings are shown in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2
A
t/ θ 2/
69
57
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
(i) Complete the time column and the column headings in Table 2.2. [1]
(ii) Calculate the drop in temperature Δθ 2 between times t = 0 and t = 180 s.
Δθ 2 = ...............................................................
© UCLES 2020 0625/61/O/N/20

Δθ 2
Calculate the average rate of cooling R2 of the water using the equation R2 = ,
Δt
where Δt = 180 s. Include the unit.
R2 = ......................................................... [1]
(d) A student suggests that the average rate of cooling R of the water depends on the difference
D between the temperature of the water at time t = 0 and room temperature.
(i) Calculate the difference D 1 using the readings in Table 2.1 and your answer to (a).
D 1 = ...............................................................
Calculate the difference D 2 using the readings in Table 2.2 and your answer to (a).
n
D 2 = ...............................................................
mi
[1]
(ii) Write a conclusion about the relationship between R and D. Justify your answer by
reference to your results.
A
conclusion .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
justification ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
al
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
fd
(e) (i) Explain why the thermometer scale should be read at right-angles.
...........................................................................................................................................
A
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why the mixture of hot and cold water should be stirred before taking the
temperature reading at the start of the experiment in (c).
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 11]

3
33 A student investigates some thermal properties of sand and water. J-20 P62 Q3
thermometer
n
beaker
mi
bench
Fig. 3.1
A
(a) The thermometer in Fig. 3.2 shows the room temperature θS at the beginning of the
experiment. Record θS.
–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 °C

al
Fig. 3.2
fd
θS = ................................................... °C [1]
(b) The student is supplied with hot water at a temperature θH. She records the temperature of
the hot water.
A
84 °C
θH = ...........................................................
She pours 100 cm3 of hot water into a beaker that contains sand. Initially, the sand is at room
temperature.
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
She measures the highest temperature θM of the mixture.

70 °C
θM = ...........................................................
(i) Calculate the rise in temperature θR of the sand using the equation θR = (θM – θS).
θR = ................................................. °C [1]
(ii) Explain briefly what the student does after pouring the hot water into the sand and before
taking the temperature, in order to obtain a reliable value for θM.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2020 0625/62/M/J/20
(iii) Calculate the fall in temperature θF of the hot water using the equation θF = (θH – θM).
θF = ...................................................... °C
θ
Calculate the ratio S using the equation S = R . Give your answer to a suitable number
of significant figures for this experiment.
θF
S = ..................................................... [1]
(c) The student pours 100 cm3 of the hot water into a clean beaker that contains 100 cm3 of water
at room temperature. She records the highest temperature θM of the mixture.
n
49° C
θM = ...........................................................
mi
Calculate the rise in temperature θR of the cold water using the equation θR = (θM – θS). Use
the value of room temperature θS recorded in (a). A
θR = ...........................................................
Calculate the fall in temperature θF of the hot water using the equation θF = (θH – θM).
al
θF = ...........................................................
θR
Calculate the ratio W using the equation W = .
fd
θF
A
W = ..................................................... [2]
(d) The student studies the thermal properties of sand and water. She predicts that S should be
equal to 6 × W.
State whether the results support the prediction. Justify your answer by reference to the
readings.
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
statement ..................................................................................................................................
justification ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(e) Suggest two temperatures that it would be sensible to keep constant when carrying out the
experiments.
1. ................................................................
2. ................................................................
[2]
(f) The student measures the volume of the dry sand using a measuring cylinder before carrying
out the experiment. Tick (3) the boxes that show the precautions that she should take in
order to obtain an accurate reading.
Take the reading at the bottom of the meniscus.
Tap the measuring cylinder to make sure the top of the sand is horizontal.
n
View the scale of the measuring cylinder at right angles.
[1]
mi
A [Total: 11]
al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2020 0625/62/M/J/20

1
34 Some students investigate the transfer of thermal energy from a beaker of hot water.
They use the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1.
N-20 P63 Q1
thermometer
lid
beaker beaker
bench
A B
n
mi
Fig. 1.1
(a) Fig. 1.2 shows the reading on the thermometer at the start of the investigation.
A
30
20
10
al
-10
fd
°C
Fig. 1.2
A
Record the room temperature θR shown on the thermometer in Fig. 1.2.
θR = ......................................................... [1]
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2020 0625/63/O/N/20

(b) A student pours 100 cm3 of hot water into beaker A.
He records the temperature of the water in beaker A and immediately starts a stopclock.
The student records the temperature θ of the water every 30 s. His readings are shown in
Table 1.1.
The student repeats the procedure for beaker B. Beaker B is fitted with a lid.
Complete the headings and the time column in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
beaker A beaker B
without a lid with a lid
t/ θA / θB /
n
0 85.0 86.0
mi
79.0 83.0
73.5 80.5
68.5 78.5
A
64.0 77.0
60.0 76.5
56.5 76.0
[2]
al
accurate as possible in this experiment.
...................................................................................................................................................
fd
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) (i) Write a conclusion stating how using the lid affects the cooling of the water.
A
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) The temperature of the water in each beaker decreases during this investigation.
Describe one other similarity in the pattern of the cooling of water in beakers A and B.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) (i) Calculate the average rate of cooling xA of the water in beaker A. Use the values of θA
(θ – θ180 )
from Table 1.1 and the equation xA = 0
T
where θ0 is the temperature of the water in beaker A at t = 0, θ180 is the temperature of
the water at t = 180 s, and T = 180 s.
Include a unit.
xA = ......................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the average rate of cooling xB of the water in beaker B. Use the values of θB
(θ – θ180 )
from Table 1.1 and the equation xB = 0
T
n
where θ0 is the temperature of the water in beaker B at t = 0, θ180 is the temperature of
the water at t = 180 s, and T = 180 s.
mi xB = ........................................................ [1]
A
(iii) Thermal energy is transferred from the surface of the water and from the sides of the
beaker during the investigation.
A student suggests that more thermal energy is transferred from the surface of the water
than from the sides of the beaker.
al
State whether your results support this suggestion. Justify your statement by reference
to your values of xA, the average rate of cooling without a lid, and xB, the average rate of
cooling with a lid.
fd
statement ..........................................................................................................................
justification ........................................................................................................................
A
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(f) Suggest a change to the apparatus or the procedure to produce a greater difference between
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
xA and xB.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2020 0625/63/O/N/20

4
35 A student investigates the length of time taken for ice cubes to melt when they are placed in water.
She uses beakers of water at different temperatures to investigate how the initial temperature of
the water affects the time taken for the ice cubes to melt.
Plan an experiment to investigate how the initial temperature of the water affects the time taken
for the ice cubes to melt.
thermometer
supply of ice cubes
250 cm3 beakers
supply of cold water
n
• write a list of additional apparatus to use
mi
• explain how to carry out the investigation
• state the key variables to keep constant

A
• draw a table, or tables, with column headings, to show how to display the readings (you are
not required to enter any readings in the table)
• explain how to use the readings to reach a conclusion.

al
fd
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
n
..........................................................................................................................................................
mi
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
.................................................................................................................................................... [7]
[Total: 7]
al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2020 0625/62/O/N/20

2
36 Students investigate the cooling of hot water in two different cups.
MARCH-21 P62 Q2
They use the apparatus shown in Fig. 2.1.
Cup A is made from thin plastic. The top of cup A has an inside diameter of 7 cm. Cup B is made
from expanded polystyrene. The top of cup B has an inside diameter of 8 cm.
thermometer
lids
bench
n
cup A cup B
mi
A 30
20
10
al
Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) Record the room temperature θR shown on the thermometer in Fig. 2.1.
fd
θR =...................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe one precaution that you would take to ensure that temperature readings in the
A
experiment are as accurate as possible.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2021 0625/62/F/M/21

(b) A volume of 100 cm3 of hot water is poured into each cup and the initial temperature θ is
recorded in Table 2.1.
The temperature of the water in each cup is recorded every 30 s. The values are shown in
Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
cup A cup B
t/ θ/ θ/
0 87.5 88.0
30 84.5 86.0
60 82.0 84.5
90 80.5 83.0
n
120 79.0 82.0
mi
150 78.0 81.0
180 77.0 80.5
A
Complete the headings in Table 2.1. [1]
(c) Write a conclusion stating which cup, A or B, is the more effective in reducing the cooling rate
of the hot water in this experiment.

al
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
fd
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
A
(d) (i) Calculate xA, the average cooling rate for cup A over the whole experiment. Use the
readings for cup A from Table 2.1 and the equation
θ0 – θ180
xA =
T
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
where T = 180 s and θ0 and θ180 are the temperatures at time t = 0 and at time t = 180 s.
xA =...................................................... [2]

(ii) Suggest an additional experiment to show how the lid affects the cooling rate of cup A.
Explain how to use the additional results to show the effect.
additional experiment ........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(e) A student wishes to compare the effect of the materials of the cups on cooling rates. Suggest
n
two variables that she should control to make this test fair.
mi
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
A
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 11]
al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2021 0625/62/F/M/21

4
37 A student investigates the rate of cooling, in air, of heated blocks made of different metals. The
temperature of each block is increased by placing it in hot water.
Plan an experiment to investigate how the rate of cooling depends on the metal from which each
block is made.
The following apparatus is available to the student: J-21 P61 Q4
cylindrical blocks of different metals, each with a hole for a thermometer, as shown in Fig. 4.1
a thermometer.
Other apparatus normally available in a school laboratory can also be used.
• list any additional apparatus required
n
• explain briefly how you would carry out the investigation, including the measurements you
mi
would take
• state the key variables to be kept constant

A
• draw a suitable table, with column headings, to show how you would display your readings
• explain how you would use the results to reach a conclusion.
hole for
thermometer
al
fd
Fig. 4.1
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2021 0625/61/M/J/21

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
n
..........................................................................................................................................................
mi
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
al
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
fd
..........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [7]
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2021 0625/61/M/J/21

4 A student investigates the time taken to heat water in different uninsulated containers. The
containers all have the same volume and shape. The water is heated with an electric immersion
heater.
The following apparatus is available: NOV-21 P61 Q4
a selection of containers
measuring cylinder
thermometer
supply of cold water
immersion heater with power supply.
Plan an experiment to investigate the time taken to heat water in different uninsulated containers.
You should:
n
• list any additional apparatus that is required
mi
• state the key variables that you would keep constant

A
• draw a table, or tables, with column headings to show how you would display your readings
• explain briefly how you would use your readings to reach a conclusion.
al
fd
A
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2021 0625/61/O/N/21

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
n
..........................................................................................................................................................
mi
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
al
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
fd
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [7]
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2021 0625/61/O/N/21

1 A student investigates the effect of insulation on the cooling of water.
NOV-21 P63 Q1
She uses the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1.
The sides of beaker A are covered with material that is a thermal insulator.
Beaker B has no covering on its sides.
thermometer
lid
beaker A beaker B
n
bench
insulation
mi
Fig. 1.1
A
30
20
10
al
(a) Record room temperature θR shown on the thermometer in Fig. 1.1.

fd
θR = .......................................................... [1]
(b) The student pours 150 cm3 of hot water into beaker A and records the temperature θ at
A
time t = 0.
She records, in Table 1.1, the temperature of the water in the beaker every 30 s. The student
repeats the process for beaker B.
Add units to the column headings in Table 1.1. [1]

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

Table 1.1
beaker A beaker B
with insulation without insulation
t/ θ/ θ/
0 88.0 87.5
30 86.0 83.5
60 84.5 81.5
90 83.5 80.0
120 82.5 79.0
n
150 82.0 78.5
mi
180 81.5 78.0
(c) Describe two precautions that can be taken to ensure that temperature readings in the
experiment are as accurate as possible.
A
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
al
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) Write a conclusion stating whether the insulation affects the rate of cooling of the water.
fd
Justify your answer by reference to values from the results.
...................................................................................................................................................
A
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
© UCLES 2021 0625/63/O/N/21

(e) (i) Calculate the average cooling rate x1 during the first half of the experiment for the water
in beaker B. Use the readings for beaker B from Table 1.1 and the equation
θ0 – θ90
x1 = ,
T
where T = 90 s and θ0 and θ90 are the temperatures of the water in beaker B at t = 0 and
t = 90 s.
Include the unit.
x1 = .......................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the average cooling rate x2 during the second half of the experiment for the
n
water in beaker B. Use the readings for beaker B from Table 1.1 and the equation
θ90 – θ180
x2 = ,
mi
T
where T = 90 s and θ90 and θ180 are the temperatures of the water in beaker B at t = 90 s
and t = 180 s.
Include the unit.

A
x2 = .......................................................... [1]
(f) (i) Suggest an additional experiment to test whether the lid affects the cooling rate of the
al
water in beaker B. State how the readings are used to show the effect.
...........................................................................................................................................
fd
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
A
(ii) A student suggests that the temperature of the water in beaker B at t = 0 for this additional
experiment must be the same as in (b) for the comparison to be fair.
State whether your results support this suggestion.

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006
Use your results from (e) to explain whether this precaution is necessary.
statement ..........................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 11]


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Thermal Physics Paper 6 6 Mr.

Fig. 2.1 shows the apparatus.

(a) Record room temperature θ R, as shown on the thermometer in Fig. 2.2.

© UCLES 2017 0625/06/SP/20

tube without cotton wool tube with cotton wool

quality of results: .......................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2017 0625/06/SP/20 [Turn over

(g) Estimate the volume of water that a test-tube can hold.

volume = .......................................................... [1]

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

© UCLES 2017 0625/06/SP/20

The apparatus used is shown in Fig. 1.1. SPECIMEN-23 P6 Q1

lid partly covering

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

© UCLES 2020 0625/06/SP/23

lid A lid B beaker

Fig. 1.3 Fig. 1.4

beaker with beaker with

© UCLES 2020 0625/06/SP/23 [Turn over

(f) Students in other countries are doing the same experiment.

© UCLES 2020 0625/06/SP/23

Write a plan for the experiment, including:

• how you will obtain a range of surface areas

• instructions for carrying out the experiment

• the measurements you will take

© UCLES 2016 0625/62/F/M/16

• explain briefly how you would carry out the investigation,

• explain how you would use your readings to reach a conclusion.

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

(i) Complete the column headings in the table. [1]

Record this temperature in the table at time t = 0 s. [1]

beaker A beaker B beaker C

© UCLES 2016 0625/62/M/J/16

All the readings are shown in Table 5.1.

(ii) Justify your answer by reference to the readings.

© UCLES 2016 0625/62/M/J/16 [Turn over

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

© UCLES 2016 0625/62/M/J/16

hot water insulation

–10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 °C

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

© UCLES 2016 0625/63/M/J/16

• He then records the temperature θ of the thermometer bulb every 30 s.

Complete the column headings and time column in Table 1.1.

© UCLES 2016 0625/63/M/J/16 [Turn over

(i) Suggest why he did this.

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

© UCLES 2016 0625/63/M/J/16

© UCLES 2016 0625/61/O/N/16 [Turn over

(c) The student is provided with:

• a lid, with a hole for the thermometer

© UCLES 2016 0625/61/O/N/16

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

© UCLES 2016 0625/61/O/N/16 [Turn over

The student has the following apparatus available: N-16 P62 Q4

• explain briefly how you would carry out the investigation

• state the key variables that you would control

• explain how you would use your readings to reach a conclusion.

MR. AFDAL 050 66 53 006

© UCLES 2016 0625/62/O/N/16

They immediately start a stopclock.

© UCLES 2016 0625/63/O/N/16

© UCLES 2016 0625/63/O/N/16 [Turn over

effect on temperatures ......................................................................................................