The thermometer on the right shows temperature. Use it to answer Questions 4-7.

°C
6
Q4 a) Find the temperature that is 3 °C lower than –1 °C. 5
b) Find the temperature that is 8 °C higher than –5 °C. 4
3
Q5 Find the difference between the following temperatures.
2
a) –4 °C and 3 °C
1
b) –2 °C and –5 °C
0
Q6 At midday the temperature was 6 °C. By midnight, the temperature –1
had decreased by 7 °C. What was the temperature at midnight? –2
–3
Q7 At 5 am, the temperature was –5 °C. At 11 pm, the temperature was –1 °C.
–4
What was the difference in temperature between these two times?
–5

Rules for Adding and Subtracting Negative Numbers

When adding and subtracting negative numbers, there are two rules you need to know:
1. Adding a negative number is the same
‘+’ next to ‘–’ means subtract
as subtracting a positive number.
2. Subtracting a negative number is the
‘–’ next to ‘–’ means add
same as adding a positive number.

Example 2

Work out:
a) 1 – (–4) ‘–’ next to ‘–’ means add. 1 – (–4) = 1 + 4 = 5

b) –5 + (–2) ‘+’ next to ‘–’ means subtract. –5 + (–2) = –5 – 2 = –7

Exercise 2
Q1 Work out the following.
a) 4 – (–2) b) –3 – (–5) c) –7 + (–2) d) –5 + (–5)
e) 9 + (– 2) f) –13 – (–3) g) –6 + (–3) h) 1 – (–12)

Q2 Work out the following.

a) –1 + (–4) – 1 b) 6 – (–2) + (–3) c) 7 + (–6) – (–8)
d) –8 + (–8) – (–12) e) 9 – (–13) + (–2) f) –3 + (–11) + (–6)

Q3 Find the difference between the following numbers by subtracting one from the other.
a) 6 and –5 b) –10 and –6 c) –8 and 4 d) –5 and –12

Section 1 Non-Calculator Arithmetic 5