808

The author presents several suggested changes to round out a very complete
analysis of cumulative voting. He is to be complimented for a job well done.
LEROY C. HARDY
Longbeach State College
The Security Aspects of Immigration Work. By ANTHONY T. BOUSCAREN.
(Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1959. Pp. 213.)
This book is interesting compilation of laws, cases, and administrative
an

procedures regarding the security aspects of visa granting, exclusions, deporta-

tions and denaturalizations.
There is a series of very brief recommendations at the end but otherwise
the book contains relatively little analysis. It represents a good deal of hard
work and will be a valuable short-cut to sources for those who are interested
in some aspects of the field.
Since there is so little analysis, this reviewer has to forgo the opportunity
to disagree learnedly with the author’s point of view. The few recommendations
are largely ones for improving administrative or legislative enforcement proce-

dures. This reviewer sees no objection to them but neither does he find in the
book any arguments for or against them.
GEORGE C. S. BENSON
Claremont Men’s College
Great Political Thinkers: Plato to the Present. By WILLIAM EBENSTEIN. (New
York: Rinehart & Co., Inc., Third Edition, 1960. Pp. xii, 978. $8.50.)
Professor Ebenstein’s carefully edited anthology of selected writings by politi-
cal thinkers of the West now appears in a third edition. To the wide range of
original sources contained in earlier editions are added a new section on &dquo;The
Protestant Reformation&dquo; and expanded references in the deservedly praised &dquo;Bib-
liographical Notes,&dquo; which now number more than one hundred pages. The
Reformation literature contains selections from Martin Luther’s Secular Author-
ity: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed; John Calvin’s Institutes of the
Christian Religion; and the pseudonymous Huguenot writer Stephen Junius
Brutus’ A Defense of Liberty against Tyrants. There are no selections concerned
with the Reformation in England, but the author’s introductions to the selections
from Hobbes and Locke make brief mention of the religious situation in seven,
teenth-century England. The introductions to each chapter are clearly written
and are extremely helpful.
This large book should satisfy any reasonable teaching scholar concerned
with the problem of finding source readings for his students and himself! Two -

omissions must be mentioned. There are no major selections from American

political philosophers; but in a preface to an earlier edition of this anthology,
Professor Ebenstein indicated that the subject of American political thought
requires a separate book. Still, a selection from the pragmatists would have
proved just. A second omission is the absence of any writings by members of the

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contemporary linguistically oriented political philosophers. So excellent an an-

thology will, however, no doubt see a future fourth edition when these few over-
sights may be corrected.
This is the finest anthology of its kind available on the market for con-

temporary classroom use.

WHITAKER T. DEININGER
San Jose State College
Interest Groups on Four Continents. Edited by HENRY W. EHRMANN. (Pitts-
burgh : University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958. Pp. xiv, 316. $6.00.)
Scholars, since the days of Aristotle, have urged the adoption of the com-
parative analytical method as one of the most fruitful approaches to the study
of politics. Interest Groups on Four Continents, which resulted from a round-
table conference held by the International Political Science Association at the
University of Pittsburgh in 1957, is an excellent example of the value of this
approach. Thirty-one delegates from fourteen countries participated in the con-
ference. Included in the book is an account of the discussion sessions of the
conference and the reports prepared by political scientists from nine countries:
Australia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, Sweden, the United
States, and Yugoslavia. Special credit is due Professor Henry W. Ehrmann who
expertly organized and edited the material and who prepared a working paper
which served as a guide to the other contributors in the preparation of their
reports.
The authors of eight of these reports survey the principal interest groups in
their own countries. The author of the ninth report, Professor Samuel J. Elder-

sveld, summarizes interest-group research in the United States and raises several
questions regarding research methodology in this area. From reading the volume,
one is impressed both by the great variation in the amount of pressure-group
research among the several countries, and by the increasing interest manifested in
research in this area during recent years. For example, Professor Kiyoski Tsuji
reports that &dquo;in Japan, the study of pressure groups ... had scarcely been under-
taken before the end of the second World War,&dquo; and Professor George E. Lavau
writes that research on interest groups in France is still &dquo;very fragmentary,&dquo; but
that French political scientists are &dquo;beginning to be passionately interested in
’pressure groups’ or ’interest groups.’ &dquo;
The information from the several countries supports the widely accepted
hypothesis that the political environment of a country predetermines the rela-
tive emphasis interest groups place on the various available political tactics
and methods. Thus, although the general aims of interest groups of all countries
tend to be similar, their strategic and tactical approaches are greatly influenced
by such factors as: the organizational structure of the government; the political
party and electoral systems; the level of technological development; the social,
economic, ethnic, and religious composition of the population; and the social
and political values held by the people. To illustrate the differing importance of
such factors, it might be noted that pressure groups in Great Britain generally

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