VALUES IN LIFE

•IN LIFE, THE PERSON IS ALWAYS...

• PRESENTED WITH DIFFERENT OPTIONS FROM
WHICH HE MAKES CHOICES IN ACCORDANCE WITH
HIS VALUES
VALUES IN LIFE
•HIS CHOICES....
• REVEALS WHAT HE CONSIDERS AS THE BEST
OPTION AMONG THE GIVENS DEPENDING UPON HIS
ORIENTATION.
VALUES IN LIFE

•THE OPTIONS...
•BETWEEN GOOD AND BAD
•BETWEEN TWO OR MORE GOODS
VALUES IN LIFE
•IT IS FAR EASIER ….
•IF THE CHOICE IS BETWEEN A GOOD AND A BAD
THING…
•FOR EXAMPLE BETWEEN STAYING HEALTHY AND
BECOMING SICK….
VALUES IN LIFE
•BUT IT BECOMES REALLY DIFFICULT…
•WHEN THE OPTIONS ARE BOTH GOOD…
•FOR EXAMPLE: REVIEWING YOUR LESSONS AND
WATCHING THE NBA FINALS….
VALUES IN LIFE

•TO HELP US DECIDE DURING THESE SITUATIONS ….

•WE NEED TO CLARIFY OUR VALUES.
VALUES IN LIFE

•WHAT ARE VALUES?

•THEY ARE WHAT WE CONSIDER AS GOOD,
DESIRABLE AND WORTH KEEPING OR PURSUING.
VALUES IN LIFE
• EXAMPLES OF VALUES…
• HEALTH
• EDUCATION
• WORK
• FRIENDS
• FAMILY MEMBERS
• ETC….
VALUES IN LIFE
•HOWEVER, NOT ALL VALUES ARE THE SAME IN WEIGHT .
•SOME VALUES ARE MORE VALUABLE THAN THE OTHERS…
•THERE IS AN OBJECTIVE ARRANGEMENT OR HIERARCHY OF
VALUES…
HIERARCHY OF VALUES
•PROF. HORNEDO: 3 TYPES OF GOODS
•MONASTICS
•ECONOMICS
•POLITICS
HIERARCHY OF VALUES
•MONASTICS:
•MONO- ONE; THE INDIVIDUAL
•GOODS THAT WHEN SATISFIED, PROMOTE THE
WELFARE OF THE INDIVIDUAL...
HIERARCHY OF VALUES
•ECONOMICS
•OIKOS- HOME, FAMILY
•GOODS THAT WHEN SATISFIED, PROMOTE THE
WELFARE OF THE FAMILY
HIERARCHY OF VALUES
•POLITICS
•POLIS, - CITY; SOCIETY
•GOODS THAT WHEN SATISFIED, PROMOTE THE
WELFARE OF SOCIETY
HIERARCHY OF VALUES

•QUESTION:
•BETWEEN THE SELF, FAMILY AND SOCIETY, WHICH
DO YOU THINK SHOULD BE GIVEN PRIORITY?
MAX SCHELER: HIERARCHY OF VALUES
•AUGUST 22, 1874 –MAY 19, 1928
•GERMAN PHILOSOPHER
•KNOWN FOR HIS WORKS IN PHENOMENOLOGY,
ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
MAX SCHELER: HIERARCHY OF VALUES
•MAX SCHELER IS THE FOREMOST PROPONENT OF AXIOLOGY
•AXIOLOGY IS THE PHILOSOPHICAL SCIENCE OF VALUES
•MAIN VIEW: ACTS REVEAL THE PERSON’S VALUE PREFERENCES.
LIKE A PRISM THAT REFLECTS THE INVISIBLE SPECTRUM OF
COLORS, A PERSON’S ACTS MANIFEST HIS INVISIBLE ORDER OF
VALUES.
MAX SCHELER: HIERARCHY OF VALUES
MAX SCHELER: HIERARCHY OF VALUES
•HOLY/UNHOLY (GOD)
•SPIRITUAL (MORAL)
•VITAL (LIFE/SUCCESS)
•SENSORY (PLEASURE)
MAX SCHELER: HIERARCHY OF VALUES
•SENSORY:
•VALUES THAT CATER TO THE SENSES
•PLEASURABLE OR UNPLEASURABLE?
•SWEET OR BITTER?
MAX SCHELER: HIERARCHY OF VALUES
•VITAL
•VALUES THAT PERTAIN TO : LIFE OR DEATH?
•HEALTH OR SICKNESS?
•SUCCESS OR FAILURE?
MAX SCHELER: HIERARCHY OF VALUES
•SPIRITUAL:
•VALUES THAT PERTAIN TO: MORAL OR IMMORAL? •
•ETHICAL OR UNETHICAL?
•JUSTICE OR INJUSTICE?
MAX SCHELER: HIERARCHY OF VALUES
•HOLY AND UNHOLY:
•VALUES THAT PERTAIN TO:
•BELIEF OR UNBELIEF?
•GOD OR OTHER?
MAX SCHELER: HIERARCHY OF VALUES

•FOR MAX SCHELER, TO RESOLVE CONFLICT OF VALUES…

•A LOWER VALUE CAN BE SACRIFICED FOR A HIGHER
VALUE…..
CONFLICT OF VALUES

•I WANT TO TAKE UP ENGINEERING BUT MY

PARENTS WANT ME TO BECOME A NURSE...
CONFLICT OF VALUES

•I AM PLANNING TO ESTABLISH A PIGGERY BUT

MY LAND IS VERY NEAR THE CHURCH AND THE
SCHOOL
CONFLICT OF VALUES

•MY PARENTS WANT ME TO SEND MY BROTHER

FIRST TO SCHOOL, BUT MY GIRLFRIEND AND I
HAVE PLANS TO GET MARRIED THIS YEAR...
CONFLICT OF VALUES
•I WANT TO GO ABROAD SO I CAN FULFILL MY DREAM
TO GO TO ANOTHER COUNTRY AND EARN MORE FOR
MY FAMILY, BUT IN THE PROCESS, I WILL LEAVE THE
POOR COMMUNITY I AM CURRENTLY SERVING...
CONFLICT OF VALUES

•I WANT TO WATCH MY FAVORITE SOAP OPERA BUT

TOMORROW WILL BE MY EXAMINATIONS IN
PHYSICS AND ALGEBRA....
CONFLICT OF VALUES

•I LOVE EATING CAKE, ICE CREAM AND OTHER SWEET

FOOD ; THEN MY DOCTOR TOLD ME THAT I AM
DIABETIC...
CONFLICT OF VALUES

•MY COUSIN IS RUNNING FOR MAYOR IN OUR PLACE,

BUT I KNOW HIM TO BE VERY CORRUPT AND A
MURDERER...
CONFLICT OF VALUES

•I WANT TO FINISH MY STUDIES, SO MY NEIGHBOUR

OFFERS TO SHOULDER MY EXPENSES PROVIDED I
BECOME HIS MISTRESS...
VALUES IN LIVING

•IN LIFE AND IN OUR CHOICES, WE MUST ALWAYS BE

GUIDED BY HIGHER VALUES OVER THE LOWER ONES
TO EXERCISE OUR FREEDOM RESPONSIBLY…
THANK YOU!