E-Van - A Typhoon Resilient Emergency Shelter Container Vans

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND Document No.
FM-URD-006
DEVELOPMENT CENTER Revision No. 00
Effectivity Date November 3, 2020
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E-VAN: A TYPHOON RESILIENT EMERGENCY SHELTER CONTAINER VANS

Joe Harvey C. Calimag, Rowena T. Guabes, Paul Wency E. Liban, Aira Magno,
Pamela S. Pagalilauan, *Rolando Bitagun Jr.
ABSTRACT
The Philippines is prone to typhoons, hence the need to improve disaster preparedness
in terms of a flexible evacuation centers is crucial. This study contains a concept for an
emergency shelter constructed out of used container vans to cater the needs and safety of
affected people. The structure employs reused container vans for fast assembly, installation,
and mobility. The design is a 2-storey structure, with eight double-decker beds in each shelter
unit. A separate container van was provided for the LGBTQ+ comfort room, clinic, isolation
space, administrative office, and command center. The plans were created using a hypothetical
accessible land area based on standard land areas in the designated location. The evacuation
unit was proven capable of withstanding a wind speed of 320 kmph as it only resulted in 0.238
mm deflection along the y-axis for flexural members and a maximum deflection of 0.412 mm
along the z-axis for the compression members. The values were compared to the maximum
allowable deflection for steel members equivalent to the span length divided by 250. Recycling
used container vans as an alternative emergency shelter is achievable because they are easier
to install and dismantle. The development of the emergency shelter mentioned above was
recommended to improve the country's capacity to build an immediate and adequate evacuation
shelter for typhoon victims.
Keywords: Emergency Shelter, typhoon, flooding, container van, resilience
INTRODUCTION
The Philippines is frequently hit by typhoons. Rain typhoons generally move in a north-
north-westerly direction and frequently cross northern Luzon and Batanes Islands during the
spring months of April to August [1]. These rain-bearing typhoons deliver large quantities of
precipitation to the northernmost regions of the Philippines. One report shows that as much as
14.1 million people were affected after the Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) struck the central
Philippines on November 08, 2013, with more than 4.1 million displaced from their own home
[2]. International efforts to reduce or to mitigate the impacts of disasters have in the past 20
years become increasingly focused on human vulnerabilities [2]. Along with early warnings and
better evacuation plans, building more resilient systems is just one of the things that can be
done to minimize the aftermath of a typhoon [3]. Most evacuations during typhoons are
conducted in areas that are prone to flooding [4].
The 5 important features of a typhoon-resilient emergency shelter are the following: highly
replicable, uses durable materials, elevated, mobile, and adheres to the revised building
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standards. The concept of replicability in structures has been considered a major factor in
designing houses, especially of those which can be potentially turned into housing projects, and
this can also be applied to emergency shelters. A highly replicable house features a simple
design that can be easily replicated into many more units. A typhoon resilient structure also uses
durable materials that can withstand wind pressures brought about by typhoons. A durable
building -- one that lasts a long time -- provides a long period of time to amortize the
environmental and economic costs that were incurred in building it [5]. To avoid the onslaught
of floodwater as well, a typhoon resilient house must also be situated on an elevated ground.
Lastly, it is also important that each feature of a typhoon emergency shelter must be designed
according to the most recent provisions of the National Building Code of the Philippines. It is
very important to consider these features in constructing a typhoon resilient emergency shelter
because it helps in mitigating the effects of the typhoon and reduce the cost of repairs and
renovations.
Container vans are a logical choice as building materials because they possess many
qualities that make them convenient for use in architecture [6]. They are prefabricated, mass-
produced, cheap and mobile. They are compatible with practically every transport system, and
they are easily accessible around the world. They are also strong and restraint, while also being
durable and stackable. They are modular, recyclable, and reusable. Another reason as to why
containers can be used for building shelters is because their modularity leads to a cheaper and
easier construction. Majority of the components can be assembled within the container in an off-
site location.
While efforts are being made to mitigate or reduce the effects of typhoon to people’s safety
in general, it is still necessary to provide a simpler and more resilient emergency shelter to expect
for the worse. Therefore, this research aims to design a typhoon-resilient emergency shelter that
exhibits the 5 features mentioned above using shipping containers and to analyze the structure
using the computer software STAAD.Pro under the provisions of the National Structural Code of
the Philippines.
Research Objectives
The goal of the study was to provide a typhoon emergency shelter using a 40-footer
container van. Specifically, it aimed to provide the following:
1. Provide a systematic layout for the space circulation in the project site.
2. An architectural and structural design for the shelter unit of the evacuation center.
3. In depth structural analysis of the evacuation center subjected to dead loads, live
loads and wind loads using STAAD.Pro.
4. Design and analyze the bolt connection that is generally fit to the plan using RAM
Connection.
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Significance of the Study
This study benefits the people who are usually hit by disasters and calamities like
typhoons by giving them an appropriate, suitable, and comfortable temporary shelter that can
cater to their needs. This study also helped local government units with a wide area for an
evacuation center in implementing a systematic and improved disaster preparedness program.
Related Works
Typhoons are one of the most hazardous types of meteorological disasters globally [7];
when they attack different parts of the world, they cause large losses of people and property, and
have a great impact on society and the economy [8]. Typhoons are often accompanied by
secondary disasters, such as floods and landslides, that can cause severe damage to or even
the destruction of houses and infrastructure and pose a significant threat to human life, especially
in coastal areas [8]. Because of this, millions of people are displaced after a typhoon with no place
to stay but in evacuation centers. During the onslaught of Typhoon Haiyan in the province of
Leyte, it was found that the lack of pre-emptive evacuation is directly linked to the high number of
fatalities. Many people also died in evacuation centers, as most of them were not purpose-built
structures but schoolhouses, unoccupied public buildings and even barracks.
The arising of natural disasters has increased the demand for pre- and post-disaster
shelter. Over the past decades, the concept of transitional shelter was introduced as a better
alternative than conventional shelter provision [9]. The potential of a shipping container to be
used as a transitional shelter can be fully exploited and become an outstanding alternative to
conventional construction methods.
Containers have several properties that make them ideal for architectural application.
They are prefabricated, mass-produced, low-cost, and transportable. They are widely available
across the world because they are compatible with virtually any mode of transportation. They
are durable and stackable, as well as sturdy and resistant. They are reusable, recyclable, and
modular [10]. Another reason to use containers for housing is that its modularity allows for less
expensive and easier construction. Most of the components for a dwelling structure can be built
off-site in a shipping container. After that, the modified container can be brought to the
construction site and positioned where it is required. Because much of the work was already
completed off-site, it considerably reduces the amount of time spent on-site, which can be highly
costly. Furthermore, the standard dimensions of ISO shipping containers have the auxiliary
capacity and plan parameters to create standard settlement units in various ways [11]. The same
basic design may be applied to all containers, resulting in a more efficient building process and
lower costs.
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As early as the mid-1960s, shipping container houses were discussed, and evolved
because of an architectural interest in fusing mobility and manufacturing 8 into building
construction [12]. Paul Rudolph, an American architect, explored using containers as
components in the design of Manhattan buildings in 1966 [13]. Architects had long considered
and implemented the use of containers as a cost-effective way of shelter in developing countries
[14]. Container housing, on the other hand, is still a somewhat radical concept in the United
States and other wealthy countries, reserved solely for modernists.
In the Philippines, a narrative report by the Rizal Technological University College of

Engineering and Industrial technology Department of Architecture writes that during natural
disasters such as typhoons, where evacuation centers and educational facilities are unable to
handle the influx of people in need of shelter, a transportable Evacuation Center is a viable
emergency alternative. The structure, which serves as an evacuation center, is designed to
survive natural calamities such as typhoons and earthquakes while continuing to serve the
people who are scheduled to use it. Their evacuation center is a container van that is fully
equipped with everything needed to set up an evacuation camp, including water, electricity, and
an administrative and medical center. The container van is 8'x8'x20' in dimension.
The idea of container vans came into people’s mind as a shelter, sometimes it can be
utilized as a temporary or permanent school structure. Before that, one should also consider the
advantages and disadvantages of container vans before considering buying it. Recycling is
promoted through container vans. They make a big deal about how these houses contribute to
the green movement. These container shelters can also be a solution for sustainable
construction. Compared to a temporary shelter that consumes many natural resources such as
trees and bamboo, the reuse of containers as a shelter can help conserve the environment.
Melting down 3.6 tonnes (8000 lbs) containers to make a steel beam requires 8000 kW -hrs of
electrical energy, but to convert it into a container home would require 400 kW-hrs energy, which
saves 95% energy [15]. It shows that reusing shipping containers for building architecture
stands a chance to minimize carbon footprint and maximize affordable home solutions
simultaneously [15].
Container houses, unlike regular homes, may be readily transported to other locations. It
could be rapidly installed as a core-dwelling for the refugees during the calamities [15]. On the
other hand, if you want to relocate, a container house is much more convenient to carry. And if
the container shelters are left unoccupied after the natural disaster, the steel material of
containers can be recycled, or relocated to other places for other usage, e.g., temporary school
classes, market bazaars, storerooms etc. [15]
There are some disadvantages of container vans that should be considered. Steel is a
heat conductor that is extremely efficient. Summers in a container house are extremely hot, which
is one of the most significant disadvantages. To ensure that the container is livable during the
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summer and winter months, invest in strong insulation and a cooling or heating system.
Containers are small and cramped. Containers have shown to be insufficient for two persons to
live comfortably.
The reuse of secondhand ISO shipping containers has the hidden risk of the quality of the
procured containers [16]. Severe rusts, parts damages, and distortion of the container could make
the PDR design more difficult or become impossible [16]. Thus, standard of procedures (SOP) to
check and validate the quality of used containers before PDR begins is important [16]. The SOP
can be referred to the recommendations by CSC guides, ISO668-1995 and US Department of
Defence [16]. For example, the dimension and diagonal tolerances of a used container should fall
within the values given by ISO668-1995 to ensure the container remains its structural integrity
[15]. Better and simpler SOP with layman terms could be developed for the ease of use by aid
organizations and local people at disaster zones [15]. Container vans are inexpensive and widely
available. Also, it can be relatively easy to find. Steel is used to construct container dwellings. As
a result, container vans may do a lot. They are capable of keeping people safe from the intense
winds and rainfall in all kinds of severe storms.
METHODS
Preliminaries
To arrive at the appropriate structure of the system and its components for the efficiency
of the compact and mobile emergency housing, the researchers conducted a personal interview
with people who have first-hand experience in evacuation centers and those whom the typhoon
has impacted. The experiences and suggestions of governmental and non - governmental
personnel and volunteers are critical components of every area of this external review. Personal
interviews were also conducted with representatives from the government and the City Disaster
Risk Reduction Management Council (CDRRMC), Local Government Units (LGU), and the
Barangay Council of the barangays chosen as case studies and non-governmental
organizations.
Table 1. Number of Evacuees
Typhoon Affected Population

No. of Families No. of Persons
Super Typhoon Lawin 48 246
Typhoon “Ompong” (Mangkhut) 58 238
Typhoon Ulysses 126 424
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The total recorded number of evacuees from the city government office was also
considered in project development to design the number of beds in a particular unit. Moreover,
building components were considered in designing the evacuation center to cater the needs of
the evacuees. PWD comfort room is incorporated into the design to adhere to Batas Pambansa
Blg. 344. It is an act that enhances the mobility of a disabled person by requiring certain
buildings, institutions, establishments, and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, it is essential to have an isolation room apart from the clinic.
LGBTQ+ comfort room, emergency command center, and storage room were also included in
the design.
Site Requirement
This study focused on providing a design of a temporary evacuation center; hence,

considering site parameters is necessary to ensure that the design is suitable to adapt for
communities hit by typhoons. The lot area should have at least 3,479 m 2 to accommodate the
evacuation units. Moreover, the design must be situated at least 3,264 ft high elevation.
Instruments
AutoCAD
Figure 1. AutoCAD
The AutoCAD is a software that the researchers used in this proposal to draft the plan of
the Typhoon Emergency Housing: E-Van Shelter.
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SketchUp Pro
Figure 2. SketchUp Pro
SketchUp Pro software was used to layout the three-dimensional (3D) visualization for
the E-Van Shelter design.
STAAD Pro V8i SS6
Figure 3. STAAD.Pro V8i SS6
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STAAD.Pro was used for the design analysis of the structure. This software can
generate loads per building code.
RAM Connection
Figure 4. RAM Connection
This application is a fully integrated steel connection design and optimization. In this
study, RAM connection was used to design the footing-to-column connection, beam-to-beam
connection, and the column-to-beam connection
Design Parameters
The research made significant use of design codes to ensure the structure's efficiency and
sustainability. To provide a livable construction, the National Building Code of the Philippines was
followed. The National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP 2015) and the ASTM Steel
Manual were utilized as the foundation for the structural design, allowing the substructure and
superstructure components of the anchor that secures the piled container vans to be computed.
It is reinforced by an analysis performed using the STAAD structural software. The final design
was created in AutoCAD. The total factored loads were computed using the NSCP 2015's
approved methods.
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Table 2. Basic Wind Design Parameters

BASIC WIND DESIGN PARAMETERS
Location Tuguegarao, Cagayan
Structure Category Essential Facility
Wind speed 320 kmph
Exposure Category B
According to the NSCP 2015, buildings, towers, and other vertical structures, along with
all components of structures, must be designed to withstand the load combinations specified in it
and the specific seismic load combination. The most significant implication can occur when one
or more of the contributing loads is not acting. For this study, dead loads, live loads, and wind
loads. Table 2 shows the design parameters used in this study. This parameter is used to
calculate the wind load that was applied to the structure.
Table 3. Dead Loads

NSCP LOADS
Shipping Container 1.23
Plywood 0.15
Self-weight -
Weight of Roof 0.7
The weight of all construction materials incorporated into the building or other structure,
including but not limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions, finishes,
cladding, and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items, and fixed service
equipment, including crane weight, is referred to as dead loads. The actual weights of materials
and constructions must be utilized to calculate dead loads for design requirements. The weight of
a 40 ft x 8 ft x 8.5 ft shipping container is 3680kg. In the absence of specific information, the
minimum values specified in the code must be used.
Table 4. Live Loads

NSCP LOADS
Shelter 1.9
Hallway 4.8
Roof LL 0.6
The maximum loads predicted by the proposed use or occupancy shall be the live loads,
but in no case shall be lesser than the required loads. According to the code, floors must be
constructed for the unit live loads specified in the code. These loads will be considered the
minimum live loads of horizontal projection employed in the design of structures for the
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occupancies specified and loads of at least equal significance shall be assumed for uses not
indicated in this section, but that provide or accommodate corresponding loadings. In designing
floors, whether it is found that the actual live load will be greater than the code value, the actual
live load should be utilized in the design of such structures or sections thereof. Special
considerations must be taken for machine and apparatus loads. When uniform loads are present,
consideration may be limited to full dead load on all spans combined with a full live load on
adjacent and alternative spans. Floors must be built to handle the codes evenly distributed live
loads specified securely. Loads were integrated into line with the rules of the code is suitable for
the situation of concentrated or uniform live load. The combination that produces the most
stresses will prevail.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Site Lay-Out Plan
Figure 5. Site Lay out Plan
The total area of one evacuation plan is 109.64 m 2. One evacuation unit can cater to 8-
10 individuals. The researchers proposed the replication of the unit according to the number of
evacuees and the lot area. Considering a total affected population of 424 individuals and a lot
area of 3624 m 2, 15 units of E-Van Shelters are needed to provide safety and security. To
maximize the number of units that need to be installed, it is proposed to install the units parallel
to each other with minimum distance in between for access.
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Architecture of the E-Van Shelter
Figure 6. Perspective
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Figure 7. Ground Floor Plan
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Figure 8. Second Floor Plan
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Figure 9. Admin Ground Floor Plan
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Figure 10. Admin Second Floor Plan
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Figure 11. Front Elevation
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Figure 12. Left Side Elevation
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Figure 13. Rear Elevation
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Figure 14. Right Side Elevation
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The evacuation shelter is made up of containers with the dimensions 40 ft x 8 ft x 8.5 ft

situated on steel frames. Container vans were considered for this study because of their
modularity [15]. They are cheap and require little effort in terms of construction. Due to the
shipping container revolution, it led to massive excesses of shipping containers in the United
States [16]. It wasn’t until the mid-1960’s when shipping containers have been considered for
housing [16]. The researchers adapted the different inclusions suggested by the CDRRMO in the
planning and design of the evacuation center. The evacuation center includes an administration
building, clinic, isolation center, and a third-gender toilet and bathroom. researchers provided a
staircase and a ramp for ease of access for non-disabled and disabled people. The container
van also includes the basic requirements for a temporary dwelling during a calamity.
Figures 05-12 show the architecture of the emergency shelter. To achieve simplicity, the
first and second floor have similar design. Each level contains 2 container vans as shelter,
hallway/common area. Each container contains 8 bunk beds, a washing area, and a male &
female CR. One container van can accommodate 8-10 people. Each floor has 2 container vans
that will act as the shelter for the evacuees. Generally, one unit of E-Van Shelter can
accommodate 32-40 individuals. The evacuation housing consists of 2-storey bedroom quarters.
In addition, with the evacuation unit, we also proposed an administration building with an isolation
unit on the second level. The administration building will house the command and information
center and the purpose of the isolation unit is to accommodate individuals who needs special
treatment. The concept began with a double-decker bedroom space and other sections. This
defined the placement of openings like doors and windows and utilities like lighting, ventilation,
convenience outlets for the administrative office, water taps for the toilets, and other utilities. The
unit also utilizes a stair and a ramp for easy access.
Structure of the E-Van Shelter
The evacuation shelter is made up of containers with the dimensions 40 x 8 x 8.5 ft. Each
container weighs 3680 kg which equals to 36.10 kN. Each level consists of 2 container vans,
hence there is a total of 72.20 kN per level. The container vans are supported by steel frames
bolted on concrete ballast blocks.
Figure 14 shows the plan for the temporary concrete ballast blocks foundation of the
structure. Each foundation has a dimension of 600 mm x 600 mm x 400mm. It is connected by
concrete ballast tie beams that will act as support for the steel frames. The concrete ballast tie
beams have a dimension of 200 mm x 400 mm. Figures 15 and Figure 16 show the steel framing
plans for the ground floor and second floor. For the framing plan, a W 10 x 39 wide flange beam
for both the column and the beams was used. The wide flange beams are connected with 3’’ x 5’’
C-channel.
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Figure 15. Foundation Plan
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Figure 16. Ground Floor Steel Framing
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Figure 17. Second Floor Steel Framing Plan
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Figure 18. Roof Beam Steel Framing Plan
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Figure 19. Roof Truss Steel Framing Plan
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Figure 20. Steel Frame Elevation 01
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Figure 21. Steel Frame Elevation 02
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Structure Analysis using Staad.Pro
The structure was analyzed using STAAD.Pro to determine its reaction when subjected
to dead loads, live loads, and wind loads. The analysis adheres the codes and standards of the
National Structural Code of the Philippines (2015). The method used for the analysis was the
envelope procedure for enclosed building. The structure is made of W 10 x 39 wide flange column
and beams and C 5’’ x 9’’ channel.
Figure 22. Post-processing output of STAAD.Pro
As shown in the figure, the analysis resulted in a no-failed members which indicates that
the defined steel members could withstand the combined loadings subjected on the structure.
Table 5. Maximum Deflection of Member

Beam L/C Length m Max x Max y Max z
mm mm mm
99 1 DL 3.105 0 0.005 -0.002
2 LL 3.105 0 0.002 -0.007
3 WL X 3.105 0 0.231 0
4 WL -X 3.105 0 -0.231 0
5 WL Z 3.105 0 -0.001 -0.407
6 WL -Z 3.105 0 -0.001 0.407
7 1.2 DL + 0.5 LL + 1.0 WL X 3.105 0 0.238 -0.006
8 1.2 DL + 0.5 LL + 1.0 WL -X 3.105 0 -0.224 -0.006
9 1.2 DL + 0.5 LL + 1.0 WL Z 3.105 0 0.006 -0.412
10 1.2 DL + 0.5 LL + 1.0 WL -Z 3.105 0 0.006 0.402
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11 0.9 LL + 1.0 WL X 3.105 0 0.232 -0.006

12 0.9 LL + 1.0 WL -X 3.105 0 -0.229 -0.006
13 0.9 LL + 1.0 WL Z 3.105 0 0.002 -0.413
14 0.9 LL + 1.0 WL -X 3.105 0 0.002 0.401
15 DL + LL 3.105 0 0.007 -0.009
16 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL 3.105 0 0.009 -0.014
The table shows the maximum deflection of beam 99 in the structure. The maximum
deflection of the beam is 0.238 mm which is the result of the combination of the dead load, live
load, and wind load. Typically, the maximum deflection is limited to the beam’s span length
divided by 250. Hence, beam 99, which has a span length of 3.105 has an acceptable deflection
of 12.42 mm. which is beyond the resulting deflection due to combined loading given by the
analysis software.
RAM Connection
After analyzing the designed structure using STAAD.Pro, the most critical member for the
girders, beams and columns were considered for the design and analysis of the joint connections.
The most critical members were determined from how extreme the local load (internal and
external) the member is resisting. Ram Connection was used for the design and analysis of the
joints. The Smart connection function was utilized to optimize the design of end plate connections
which was used for its moment resisting capability. The figure below shows the design for the
connection of the structural members. The researchers considered the most critical load imposed
on the members. For this study, the critical load is 42.762 kN along the x axis.
Table 6. Bolt Connection Specification

BEAM
GENERAL
BEAM TYPE Prismatic member
BEAM SECTION W10X39
BEAM MATERIAL STEEL
HORIZONTAL ANGLE (DEG) 0
VERTICAL ANGLE (DEG) 0
INCLUDE BEAM STIFFENER No
COLUMN
GENERAL
SUPPORT SECTION W10X39
SUPPORT MATERIAL STEEL
COLUMN END Yes
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MOMENT END PLATE

CONNECTOR:
PLATE EXTENSION Extended both ways
B: WIDTH 9 in
L: LENGTH 16.42 in
TP: PLATE THICKNESS 0.25 in
PLATE MATERIAL A 36
FY 36 kip/in2
FU 58 kip/in2
HOLE TYPE ON PLATE Standard (STD)
BEAM SIDE
TOP FLANGE WELD TYPE Fillet
TOP BEAM FLANGE WELD E70XX
D1: WELD SIZE TO TOP BEAM FLANGE (1/16IN) 3
BOTTOM FLANGE WELD TYPE Fillet
BOTTOM BEAM FLANGE WELD E70XX
D3: WELD SIZE TO BOTTOM BEAM FLANGE (1/16IN) 3
WELDING ELECTRODE TO BEAM WEB E70XX
D2: WELD SIZE TO BEAM WEB (1/16IN) 3
SUPPORT SIDE
BOLTS 3/4" A325 N
HOLE TYPE ON SUPPORT Standard (STD)
G: GAGE - TRANSVERSE CENTER-TO-CENTER 3.5 in
SPACING
LEV: VERTICAL EDGE DISTANCE 1.75 in
LEH: HORIZONTAL EDGE DISTANCE 2.75 in
BOLT GROUP (TOP EXTENSION)
PFO T: DISTANCE FROM BOLT ROWS TO FLANGE 1.5 in
BOLT GROUP (TOP FLANGE)
BOLTS ROWS NUMBER 1
PFI T: DISTANCE FROM BOLT ROWS TO FLANGE 1.5 in
BOLT GROUP (BOTTOM FLANGE)
BOLTS ROWS NUMBER 1
PFI B: DISTANCE FROM BOLT ROWS TO FLANGE 1.5in
BOLT GROUP (BOTTOM EXTENSION)
PFO B: DISTANCE FROM BOLT ROWS TO FLANGE 1.5in
For the most critical member to resist loads and moments while keeping firmly attached
to hold the structure, A36 ¼”x9”x16.42” Plate should be welded at the ends of the girder or beams
and bolted to the flange of the columns by 8 ¾” A325 structural bolts. For the columns, an A36
11”x13”x ¼” plate fixed to the .6mx.6mx.4m ballast foundation with 4 ¼” diameter anchors.
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CONCLUSION
The findings of the study show that the use of shipment containers for emergency
evacuation shelter is feasible provided a well-designed structure and proper consideration of
factors such as the dead, live, and wind loads that will be subjected to the structure. In addition
to the findings, supporting articles and observation on existing structures that also use shipment
containers show that the construction process is efficient and can be hastily assembled into a
livable temporary shelter. This study focused on the urgency of the need of emergency evacuation
shelter in times of calamities. The researchers made the structure temporary as it is designed to
be built before the typhoon. The site requirements should also be taken into consideration as it is
required for the lot to have at least 3264 m2 of usable area to accommodate the evacuation units
and also have an elevation of 3264 ft. For the structural framing of the system, the evacuation
unit made use of concrete ballast blocks as temporary foundation. The concrete ballast blocks
are incorporated with a steel framing structure that is connected by bolts. The researchers found
out that a W10 x 39 steel frames can withstand a windspeed of 320 kmph. The steel structure is
connected by bolts. This nature of the design provides high flexibility for situations that might not
originally be accounted for.
This research study suggests that future researchers should consider the cost of the
design without neglecting the safety and integrity of the evacuation center. Moreover, future
studies should incorporate a further understanding of the temporary foundation that fits the
surface condition of their chosen project location. Earthquake analysis is also suggested to
conduct if future studies prefer higher stories on the design of the evacuation center.
REFERENCES
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E-Van Shelter | 32

E-Van - A Typhoon Resilient Emergency Shelter Container Vans

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UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND Document No.

E-VAN: A TYPHOON RESILIENT EMERGENCY SHELTER CONTAINER VANS

Keywords: Emergency Shelter, typhoon, flooding, container van, resilience

Significance of the Study

In the Philippines, a narrative report by the Rizal Technological University College of

Table 1. Number of Evacuees

Typhoon Affected Population

This study focused on providing a design of a temporary evacuation center; hence,

Figure 2. SketchUp Pro

STAAD Pro V8i SS6

Figure 3. STAAD.Pro V8i SS6

Figure 4. RAM Connection

Table 2. Basic Wind Design Parameters

Table 3. Dead Loads

Table 4. Live Loads

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Site Lay-Out Plan

Figure 5. Site Lay out Plan

Architecture of the E-Van Shelter

Figure 7. Ground Floor Plan

Figure 8. Second Floor Plan

Figure 9. Admin Ground Floor Plan

Figure 10. Admin Second Floor Plan

Figure 11. Front Elevation

Figure 12. Left Side Elevation

Figure 13. Rear Elevation

Figure 14. Right Side Elevation

The evacuation shelter is made up of containers with the dimensions 40 ft x 8 ft x 8.5 ft

Structure of the E-Van Shelter

Figure 15. Foundation Plan

Figure 16. Ground Floor Steel Framing

Figure 17. Second Floor Steel Framing Plan

Figure 18. Roof Beam Steel Framing Plan

Figure 19. Roof Truss Steel Framing Plan

Figure 20. Steel Frame Elevation 01

Figure 21. Steel Frame Elevation 02

Structure Analysis using Staad.Pro

Figure 22. Post-processing output of STAAD.Pro

Table 5. Maximum Deflection of Member

11 0.9 LL + 1.0 WL X 3.105 0 0.232 -0.006

Table 6. Bolt Connection Specification

MOMENT END PLATE

[5] E. Rabin, Durability: A Key Component of Green Building, 2005.

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