DESIGN OF SUPERTYPHOON RESILIENT TWO STOREY RESIDENTIAL

BUILDING
EDMAR P. ANGOB, ROMEO LANGIT, HONESTO B. REYNA, ENGR. ERLITO A. ORIT

Surigao State College of Technology, Surigao City, Philippines

Eangob1@ssct.edu.ph, rlangit@ssct.edu.ph, hreyna@ssct.edu.ph, Email add of Co-author

Abstract: A design of two storey residential building, having a property of being resilient in extreme wind events
particularly super typhoons.
Technically, using roof deck instead of GI-sheet roofing and designing type of window materials; not a huge
window for the blown of wind. With this system, wind wavelengths that will hit the building will be lessen.
Keywords: Roofing System, Safety, Quality of materials, Anti-super typhoon, Wind-Resilient

1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, most preferred technology for extreme wind is having a roof deck instead of GI-sheet roofing because it
can easily blow off during typhoon. Most clients also prefer window materials that prevent water from coming in as
well. Tempered glass with protective sticker for wind smashing windows are enough during typhoon.

The significant impact of this technology is economical when it comes to interior design and more prudent since its
design schemes improve from traditional to very contemporary for young generation.

Most of the residence in this area experience wind disturbance as it destroys their houses within a short period of
time. It also affects their livelihood because instead of having save money for their consumption, it will spend only
to repair their damages.

This project study helps to improve the capacity to resist extreme wind event such as typhoon and design structure
with economic material which benefits to the residents of Lipata. Roof decking in particular helps the residents there
to minimize the maintenance costing of there houses.

The researchers dedicate their study to the residence of Lipata as they observe and witness how the typhoon
destroyed some of their homes and affects the resident with their daily livelihood. And having a knowledge in
aerodynamics made us strive more to conduct this study.

1.1 Related Literature

[1] The primary technique in shielding structures from solid breezes is to keep up the uprightness of the structure
envelope, including rooftops and windows, and to plan the structure to withstand the normal horizontal and inspire
powers. ( Cabitan, 2015)

[2] Local communities and households have a history of living with floods and have adopted various autonomous
measures to effectively prevent and mitigate the impact of floods (Tuan & The, 2013). However, in dealing with
extreme climate hazards like typhoons, local communities and households are still lacking effective adaptation
measures, especially in peri-urban and hazard-prone areas (near the river, near the sea, etc.), with poor and low-
income groups impacted the most.
[3] Recovery efforts after natural disasters typically focus on physical infrastructure. In general, less attention is paid
to the social infrastructure that might impact the capacity of the community to rebuild.

[4] The wind should be considered as coming horizontally from any direction, therefore the building has to be
analysed with the wind acting parallel to its two principal directions. The Wind Directionality Factor, Kd, varies
from 0.85 to 0.95 and shall be determined from Table 6-4. This factor shall only be applied when used in
conjunction with specific load combinations (Sections 3.5.1 and 3.5.2) otherwise it should be taken as equal to unity.

[5] Climate adaptation for coastal infrastructure projects raises unique challenges because global-scale
environmental changes may require similar projects to be completed in many locations over the same time frame.
Existing methods to forecast resource demand and capacity do not consider this phenomenon of a global change
affecting many localities and the resulting increased demand for resources. 

This proposed project initially focusing on designing roof deck system of a two storey building to resilient super
typhons. Compare to common and trendy residential building that may be aesthetically good but weak in structural
roofing system. It was technically advance in terms of withstanding super typhoon. Because of its incomparable
solid structural capacity.

1.2 Theoretical Framework

Wind loads - are randomly applied dynamic loads. The intensity of the wind pressure on the surface of a structure
depends on wind velocity, air density, orientation of the structure, area of contact surface, and shape of the structure.
Because of the complexity involved in defining both the dynamic wind load and the behavior of an indeterminate
steel structure when subjected to wind loads, the design criteria adopted by building codes and standards have
been based on the application of an equivalent static wind pressure.

Roof decking- is a series of flat boards that are stretched across joists and trusses and firmly attached. The roof
decking boards add an extra layer of protection between the roof and the home. The roof decking boards also offer a
surface for the weatherproofing materials such as the underlayment and the shingles.

Lateral Force Resisting System - In light-frame construction, the lateral force-resisting system (LFRS)
comprises shear walls, diaphragms, and their interconnections to form a whole-building system that may
behave differently than the sum of its individual parts. In fact, shear walls and diaphragms are themselves
subassemblies of many parts and connections. Thus, designing an efficient LFRS system is perhaps the
greatest challenge in the structural design of light-frame buildings. In part, the challenge results from the
lack of any single design methodology or theory that provides reasonable predictions of complex, large-
scale system behavior in conventionally built or engineered light-frame buildings.

Building Envelope- A building envelope is the physical separator between the conditioned and unconditioned
environment of a building including the resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer

Effective Wind Area- the area used to determine GCp, for component and cladding elements, the effective wind area
is the span length multiplied by an effective width that not need to be less than one third span. For cladding
fasteners, the effective wind shall not be greater than the are that is tributary to an individual fastener.

1.3 Conceptual Framework

 The block illustrates the project tasks need to be accomplished in a sequential order with the use of
waterfall research model. It simplifies the choosing of final product to be used from the inputs and
outputs.

1.4 Objectives
The general objective of this study is to design a super typhoon resilient two storey building. This will initiate the
building to withstand extreme wind events particularly super typhoons.

To design a roofing system that will engage the breakdown of wind pressure

towards the building

To develop application guide and specification parameters for maximum possible wind pressure that will hit on the
building.

To implement investigation on super typhoons that went to the Philippines to able to get the maximum possible
wind pressure.

To evaluate the performance of the roofing using parameters and developed guidelines and specifications.

2. METHODS
2.1 Research Design
The research deign that we will use in this project will focus in case study design. Technically, the whole project
will rely on the sources like data of the super typhoons and wind topography of the proposed location as an bases on
designing the final project. And it was focusing specifically on wind load as an external load disturbance towards the
building.
2.2 Project Design

2.3 Project Development

2.4 Project Implementation

Build the final design of the roofing system of the proposed two storey building. Do the calculations of resisting
capacity factor of the project designed building, to resist different wind weight events from strongest to lightest
(gain from quantitative data) and implement investigation by comparing the results of these two. Make sure all
necessary data and calculations are ready to create the final output of the project. Prepare all the evaluation tools and
data as a preparation in conduction the evaluation phase.

2.5 Project Setting

This map is located at Lipata, Surigao City where strong wind mostly occurs. Residence of this area usually
experience strong wind where some of their roofs has been destroyed due to wind disturbance.

2.6 Participants of the Study

STAKEHOLDERS OF THE PROJECT

Government It helps to support the researcher for their

information to evaluate the project study
Community It helps to support the researcher to develop
an anti-typhoon building for their
preparedness on the disaster
Client It helps to support the researcher to adopt and
promote this project

2.7 Instruments
Quantitative data

Anemometer is an instrument that measures wind speed and wind pressure. This instrument may use to collect data
where a project is being implemented.
Qualitative data

Survey – the researchers conduct a survey from the residents in Lipata to evaluate the result pertaining to wind
events

Existing data – the researcher gather information from the government agencies to evaluate the given data into final
analysis

2.8 Research Ethics

Research ethics that we will observed in this project study are the following:

Honesty, objectivity, carefulness, intellectual property, social-responsibility, legality, and human subject’s
protection.

2.9 Data Collection Procedure

With the qualitative datas, it will be gathered through observations, interviews, surveys. While the quantitative data
will be gather through the focus groups, and the use of existing data to evaluate quantitative aspects of the proposed
project.

2.10 Statistical Tools

SUPERTYPHOON WIND WEIGHT/ WIND WIND LOAD CAPACITY OF
NAME LOAD THE BUILDING (kps)
(kps)
 SUPERTYPHOON 1 ___________ kps < ___________ kps

SUPERTYPHOON 2 ___________ kps < ___________ kps

SUPERTYPHOON 3 ___________ kps < ___________ kps

This tool will help to identify the whether the proposed design building has capacity to hold the wind weight of the
super-typhoons. In order to have a successful outcome the wind load capacity of the design building should always
have greater capacity load than to the weight wind of the supertyphoons.

2.11 Financial Analysis

It determines the overall product cost of the project, initially from raw and construction materials that will be use. It
will help us the researcher to identify the technology ability and feasibility to the live market. And also identify
whether the cost of the new technology applied and its respective materials are economical .

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
With the deepest gratitude the researches would like to thank the following that help direct and indirect to
make this study possible.

Engr. Robert R. Bacarro, Project Study 1 adviser, for his guidance and advises as well as her mastery and
sharing his knowledge that help to this project sudy
 And most of all this study will not be possible without the love, care, support emotionally and most
especially financially, the loving parents who never give up on us and continually support, encourage us to do it in
order to make this study possible.

Also to our friends and classmates that help us logistically in order to make the output of the design and
also encourage us to conduct the study

Above all, the Almighty God in his fatherly care in our daily lives not only in conducting this study but as
everyday as our journey goes on. For the knowledge, guidance and endless love, wisdom and peace of mind in doing
the study.

To all of you, THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS!

6. REFERENCES
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Architects [Online] https://uap-ea.blogspot.com/2015/05/guidelines-for-disaster-resilient.html?
fbclid=IwAR3aNRX04wEn81XZrAJ50vnB2-MfW3Ed7rMXfi63cs5B0iEhyWGAnmts7KQ

[2] [2] P. Tran, T.H. Pran, A.T Pran, “Sheltering from a gathering storm: Typhoon resilience in Vietnam”,
Dr. dissertation. College of Science, Hue Univ., Hue, Vietnam, 2014
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[4] [4] M. Chin and W. Suite, Model Building Codes for Wind Loads, final vers., Trinidad and Tabogo:
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https://www.nachi.org/structural-design-lateral-resistance-wind-earthquake-inspectors.htm

[7] [7] Quality Exterior Inc. (2019, July 18). What is the Difference Between Sheathing and Decking
[Online]. Available: https://www.google.com/search?
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[8] [8] N. Gromicko, B. Gromicko, (2006) Internation Association of Certified Home Inspector [Online].
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[9] [9] Anon. (2020, Oct 21). WIKIPEDIA [Online]. Available.

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