Notes on the Myology of the Coati-Mondi (Nasua narica and N.

fusca) and Common Martin

(Martes foina)
Author(s): H. W. Mackintosh
Source: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Science, Vol. 2 (1875 - 1877), pp. 48-55
Published by: Royal Irish Academy
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20489985 .
Accessed: 18/06/2014 08:45

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

Royal Irish Academy is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of the
Royal Irish Academy. Science.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 185.2.32.89 on Wed, 18 Jun 2014 08:45:47 AM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 48 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy.
In addition to this, we collected a Limuloid form, which I hare
called Belinusr Ailtorkenei, and a Phyllopod, Proracars Hae#llenrm.
The fish remains are also of considerable interest, and are eminently
characteristic of Old Red Sandstone strta. They consist for the most
part of detached portions, comprising a few conical teeth, rewsmbling
thos of Dendrodus or Bothtiolepis, jaws with teeth meot proably
belonging to Coccosteas, and osseous plates of the same fish, these being
the most numerous. A small species of Pteriohthys also occurs, and
numerous scales of Glyptole"is. Only in one te were we sue
ceasful in obtaining anything like an entire fish; it belongs to the last
named genus, and I believe it to be idential with Glyptolpia
keys.
The great importance of the fossils of this locality cannot, I feel
convinced, be overrated, and it will doubtless yield still more valuable
reslts. Duplicate sets of these fossils have already been supplied to
variots scientific institutions both in our own country, on the Conti
nent, aud inAmerica. The letters received in acknowledgment suffi
ciently testify as to the appreciation in which they ar held.
Profeesor Osswald Heer, in a paper read before the Geological
Society of London on the Carboniferous flora of Bear Island (lat.
74O 30'), enumerates 18 species of plants, indicating, according to the
author, a close approximation of the flora to that of Tallow Bridge and
Kiltoran ;also to the Greywacke of the Vosges and the southern Black
Forest, and the Verneuiler shales of Aix, and St. John's, New Bruns
wick. iHe refers this flora to the Lower Carboniferous, and therefore
argues that the line of separation between the Carboniferous and Devo
nian must be drawn below the yellow saidstone. The prevalence of
fishes of Old Red Sandstone type in the overlying slates he regards as
an argument to invalidate the conclusion.
Sir Charles Lyell, in the discusion which followed, remarked that
the yellow sandstone of Dura Den in Fife, and of the counties of Cork
and Kilkenny in Ireland, contain fish excluively Devonian, and others,
such as the genus Coccosteus, which are abundantly represnted in the
Middle Old Red Sandtone, and by one species only in the Carboniferous
formation. The - evidence derived from these fish inclined him, there
fore, to the belief that the yellow andstone, whether in Ireland or
Fi, should be referred to the Upper Devonian and not to the Lower
Carboniferous.

VIU.I-NOTrs 0N THE MYOLoar Or wn COATr-XONDI (NAU& NWACA

mm N.O FUSCA) ANqD COMMON MARTUI (imRTm FoiNA). By ia. W.
AMsarosH,D B.A.
[Read Awri 13, 1874.]

Tn following remarks are founded on the dissection of seci of

ifas sarica, oue of N. fuaca, and two of Sfarsfoina. T formed
part of the collection in the Dublin Zoological Ga , and having

This content downloaded from 185.2.32.89 on Wed, 18 Jun 2014 08:45:47 AM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
MACKINToSH-Noteson theMyolgy of the Coati-Mondi, &c. 49
died during the summer of 1873, were forwarded for examination to
Professor Macalister, who kindly gave me the opportunity of assisting
him in disecting them.
We noticed the foUbwing points of general anatomy:_
There was no recesus pharyngeus, a rudimental bursa pharyugei,
mnall-Eustachian tubes, and black lymphatic glands in N. narica; inN.
fwuca the platyama is very strong, running upwards and inwards to
the middle line; Martesfoina resembles N. narica in having black lymph
glads.
The facial muscles in N. narioa are;
Orbicularis palpebrarum simple, ariaing from the definite ocular
tendon; levator labii superioris large, arising from the maxila in front
of the orbit and running downwards and forwards to be inserted ten
dinously into the upper lip; levator alt nasi, a very large muscle aris
ing just above the infra-orbital foramen, and running forwards under
neath the last-named muscle to be inserted by an expanding tendon
into the dermis of the end of the elongated snout, which it elevates
and lateralises; its tendon is slightly united to levator labii superioris,
and the large infra-orbital nerve runs paralel to and- underneath it;
levator anguli oris consists of vertical fibres attached underneath the
eye; depresor alt nasi, from the alveolus vertically upwards to the
sides of the alar cartilage; retrahens aurem, very large, with a detached
slip from the fascia of the mlddle line of the neck; transversus auri
clte is also large, and atahens aurem is a strong round bundle of
fibres-fom the zygoma. The tongue has the usua muscles.
InN. fsca levator altP nasi and levator labii superionis form a single
muscle; retractor nasi is enormously developed; there is a double retra
hens aurem, a single zygomaticuas; mandibulo-auricularis is strong;
there is a tranaversus depresor auris, and a normal masseter.
The muscles of the head and trunk inN. narica are;
Rectus capitis anticus major arising from the five upper cervical
vertebram, and inserted directly into the bulia tympani; rectus capitis
anticus minor is very small, arising from the atlas, and inserted as
usual; digastric, arisJing from the post-tympanic and paroccipital pro
csss, covers the bulla tympani, has an inscription (which is long in
.Mjiwoay, and is inserted into the posterior third of the mandibular
ramun. The parts of longus colli are not separable. Scalenus anticus
is small and normal; scalenus posticus extends from the four lower
cervical transverse proceses to the eight upper ribs. The sternohyoid,
ster hymoid, thyrohyoid, and cricothyroid are as usual. In N. fwca,
sternocostalis arise from the two upper sternebers and is insrted into
the first rib; the brachial artery overlies and the brachialnerve
underlies the aupracondyloid foramen; the muscles of the baek of the
neck are of the ordinary carnivore type; scalenus posticus runs from
the third cervical vertebra to the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth
ribs; scalenus mediua extends from the sixth cervical vertebra to the
first rib. None of these muscles were examined in the Martin.
3. T. A. PROC., SER. II., VOL. IL, scnc.

This content downloaded from 185.2.32.89 on Wed, 18 Jun 2014 08:45:47 AM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 50 Proceedings of theRoyal Irish Academy.
In the fore limbs:
Trapezius consiBts in all of three parts, clavicularis (084), scapu
laris supa-ior (>07), and scapularis inferior (>05); the first of these arises
from the occiput in the coatis, and from the spine of the axis as well
in the martins, and is inserted into the rudimentary clavicle inN. narnca
and Martes; in N. fsca it joins cleidomastoid at its insertion into the
clavicle, is united to brachialis anticus, and sends a slip to the humerus;
the superior portion of scapular trapezius arises from the spines of all
the cervicals except the atlas and from those of the ten upper dorsals;
it has the usual insertion into the scapular spine, q'uite separate from
the inferior division; in N. narica it is united at its origin to the clavi
cular tapezius, but separated at its insertion by trachelo-acromial.
Trapezius seapularis inferior varies somewhat in position, in- all. In
N. naria it arises from the third, fourth, fifth, and sizth dorsals, and
is inserted into the posterior edge of the scapula; in N.fuca the origin
is from the six upper dorsa, and the insertion is into the root of the
scapulr spine; finally, in Martes it arises from the seond, third,
fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh dorsa, and is inserted into -the lower
border of the posterior half of the scapular spine.
Sternomastoid (>08) arses from the presternum in all is inserted
into the paroccipital process in N. fuca, and into the paramastoid in the
other three; the two sternomastoids are mesially connivent in the
martins. Cleidomastoid (>04) extends from the paroccipital to the
clavicle inN. fusca, and from the paramastoid to the same place inN.
nariea and the martins. Omohyoid was absent in the coatis and ex
ceedingly slender inMartes. Trachelo-acromial (>05) presents nothing
of importance.
Rhomboid (>07) is indivisible in iNasua and arises from the occiput,
all the cervicals, and the five upper dorsals; the insertion is as usual.
In Martes the occipital is distinct from the major portion at its origin,
which is very far out on the oceiput; the latter part arises from the
six lower cervicals and from the two upper dorsals, and is Tinserted
into the scapular spine along with the occipital segment. Teres major
( 08) is united at its insertion with the latissimus dorsi in the coatiis,
but separate from it inMartes. Teres minor (>01) is small but distinct
in all, with a long tendon of origin and insertion inN. narica; it is in
wrted behind and above scapular deltoid inN. fusca.
Latisimus dorsi (>23) arisesfrom the dorsal spines (from the sixth
to the tenth in N. naria, from the eighth downwards in Nfusca, and
from the third downwards inMartes), from the three lower ribs and
from the lumbar ficia, and has the usual humeral insertion. Pectoralis
minor was absent in all. Pectoralis major (>30) has a presternohumeral
slip in al ; the rest of the muscle (bilaminar inN. naritca, ilanminar n
Marts) arisafom the whole length of the sternum, and is inserted into

* The Numb eferu to thew eights in . narica in deciis of an ounce avoir.

This content downloaded from 185.2.32.89 on Wed, 18 Jun 2014 08:45:47 AM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 MACKINTOSH-ANCe8
on theAMyology
of theCoati-Afondi,4c. 51
the humerus as usual. In Nfusca it consists of three parts-one extend
ing from the entire sternum to the pectoralridge of the humerus, a second
going from the six anterior mesosternal sternebra to the greater
tuberosity of the humerus and tendon of supraspinatus, and the third
arising from the abdominal parietes, inserted below the last, and united
with pectoral quartus. Pectoralis quartus ( 14) arises from the carti
lages of the lower ribs an from the fascia over them, and is inserted in
the axilla in close contiguity with latisimus dorsi (and pectoralis major
in Martes).
Subelavins was absent in all, unless represented by the prester
nohumeral slip of pectoralis major, which is very constant in cbrni
vora. Coracobrachialis was very small, and represented only by the short
variety in the coutis; but in the martins both longus and brevis existed,
arising by a common tendon from the coracoid process; the former was
inserted by a tendinous sling extending from the latissimes dorsi tendon
to the lower third of the humerus, and the latter into the same bone,
above latisimus and sepatate from it.
Deltoid consists of three parts, clavicular (107), scapular ('04), and
acromial ('03), as usual. The first of these is only remarkable for its
very low humeral insertion inN. narica; the second arises in N. fuws
from the fascia along the inferior border of the infrspinou fossa, and
in Martes from the outer half of the scapular spine; the third has some
of its fibres continuous with those of brachialis anticus, and shows a
distinct inscription at the point of junction of the two, in N. narica.
Saprasinatus ( 1O and infraspinatus ('9) are normal in all, the former
beig the larger. Subscapularis is also normal, and has respectively
three, four, and five tendinous planes inN nariea, Martes, and 5fusea.
There was no separate pre-scapular slip in the first two, but inN.fueca
it was quite distinct, passing down over the tendon of the rest of
the muscle.
Serratus magnu (16) arises from eight ribs and six cervical trans
verse processes inN. narica, from nine ribs inN. fusea, and from seven
ribs and five cervical transverse proceses inMartes, and is inserted as
usuaL The cervical origin was not recorded inN. fuca, Berratus
posticus superior arises firom the fascia of the back, and is inserted into
the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth ribs in N.
nartsa, and into the fifth to the fifteenth inN. fusea. Serratus posticus
inferior is inserW into the three lower ribs inX. narica.
Biceps ('06) is glenoradial in its attachments as usual. Brachialis
anticus (106) arises from the whole of the external aspect of the ha
merus, and is inserted into the ulna. Triceps longus ('10) not very
separate from externus in the coatis, though perfectly so iUMertes, has
two heads inN. nars"....one from the edge of the glenoid cavity, and the
other from the s rder of the scapula; the insertion is ole
cranal as usual; it is f with triceps externus in the Nfusea. Triceps
internus and externus ('1O) are fused in N. narica, but moderately
separate from one another in the other animals; externus is the larger
of the two inMartes. Dorsi-epitrochlearis ('05) arises inN. narica from

This content downloaded from 185.2.32.89 on Wed, 18 Jun 2014 08:45:47 AM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
52 Proceedings of theRoyal Iri8h Academy.
latissimus dorai and by an inscription from teres major, and from the
former of these two muscles alone, inN. fsca andMartes, it is inserted
as usual into the oleeranon. The anconei are united to biceps i N.
narica; anconeus internus arises from the .-supraoondyloid proess in
N. fwsca.
Pronator radii teres ('03) arises trom the usual place in all, but
presents a slightly different insertion in each; inN. narica it is inserted
into the lower three-fourths of the radius, in N. ftsca into the middle
third, and in Martes into the distal half of the same bone; it was thick
and shlghtly bilaminar in N. naria.
Flexor carpi radialis ('015) is normal in alL Palmaris longus
('015) has two heads-one fleshy and the other tendinous in N.
narica; the insertion is into the palmar fascia in all, in the
marten it i.s connected with the snperficial abductor minimi digiti;
in N. narica there is an accessry palmaris, arising from the upper
third of the forearm, overlying the ulnar flexor of the wrist, and
inserted into the fascia of the palm by a slender tendon. Flexor
carpi ulnaris ('03) is bicipital, and is inserted into the pisiform as
usual. The two heads areunited at the middle third in N. fueca.
Flexor digitorum sublimis arises from the flexor digitorum profundis
(just above the annular ligament inMartes), and is inserted by four
tendons into the fascia of the four digits, the pollex not be supplied
by it. Flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longns (condyloid
part '06,- radial '08) are united, have the usual five heads (three
median, one olecranal, and one radial), and send a tendon to the poller
and to each of the digits; inMartes the poller receives its tendon from
the central olecranal head. There are four lumbricales in all, one on
the pollical side of each digit tendon. Pronator quadratus occupies
the lower fourth of the fore arm in all.
Supinator radii longus ('04) is a large muscle in all, arising from the
external ridge of the humerus and inserted into the distal end- of the
radius. Extensor carpi radialis longior ('02) and ex. carp. rad. brevior
are quite separate in N. fweca, and partly so in -N. narcoa and Martes,
and have the usual insertions. Sapinator radii brevis occupies the upper
two-thirds of the radius in Nasua, and the upper half inMartes, and
has no sesamoid bone in its origin. Extensor digitoram longus ('02)
anses as usual from the outer condyle of the humerus, and is inserted
into the dorsal aspect of each of the four digits. Exteusor minimi
digiti ('01) is in reality an extensor of the third, fourth, and fifth
digits inN.fusca and IMates, -sending a tendon to the doral aponeurosis
of each of those fingers; but in N. narica there is a separate extensor
tertii et quarti digiti ('015), lying in the sme groove as extensor
minimi, but distinct from it. Extensor carpi radialis ('02) has a very
small olecranal orgin, and no alnar one in AN narica, but is large
and flat in Hartes with the usual origin and insertion. Zxtensor
ossis metacarpi pollicis (about 02) arises in all from the whole length
of the ulnar and interroseous membrane, and is inserted into the
radial sosamoid of the carpus; it is a large muscle in N. fuACa.

This content downloaded from 185.2.32.89 on Wed, 18 Jun 2014 08:45:47 AM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 MACsINTOSH-Note8 on theMyology of the Coati-Mondi, tc. 53

Extensor secundi internodii pollicis et indicis is single-headed in

the coatis and bicipital in the martins, the tendons in the latter uniting
and then diverging to be inserted (as inN na.ma) into the pollex and
index. In N.fuaoa the index tendon sends a very fine tendinous slip to
the middle finger; there is also in this animal a thin palmaris brevis
extending over the flexor tendon of the thumb.
The muscles of the fore foot inN.fnsca are-a short abductor pollicis;
an adductor from the front of the carpus; a double abductor indicis,
one head arising from the carpus, and one from the metacarps, both
uniting to form a single tendon; a bicipital adductor indicis; a single
headed abductor and adductor mdii; an adductor minimi digiti arising
from the pear-shaped pisiform4 and by a slip from the unciform; a
flexor brevis; an abductor minimi digiti, as usual; an abductor and
abductor annularis, also normaL The interossei are normal inN. nanca.
In Niartes there are an abductor pollicis, extending from the radial
sesamoid and annular ligament to the pollex; an abductr pollicis and
flexor brevis pollicis, both normal; an abductor minini digiti, arising
from the pisiform; and an adductor minimi digiti, from the front of
the carpus; a flexor brevis minimi digiti, from the -unciform; and an
opponens minini digiti, which is a dismemberment of the abductor;
there are besides two interosei for each digit,
In the hind limb:-Sartorius (1)8) in the coatis has a wide origin
from the anterior, superior spine of the ilium as usual, and .a double
insertion-one the ordinary tibial insertion, and the other into the
patella and border of the condyle of the femur; inN. fusca the tibial
portion has its upper part attached to gracilis. In Martes it arises from
the angle of the crest of the ilium and from the inferior edge of that
bone, and is inserted into the patela and fascia of the upper extremity
of the tibia along with gracilis.
Psoas parvus (03) is small in N. narica, and sends a slip to the
lumbo-sacral articulation ; in N. fsea it is wide and strong, with the
usual attachments, and inMates it arises from the bodies of the third,
fourth, fifth, and sixth lumbar vertebrie, and is inserted as usual into
the pectineal line. liopsoas (412) is normal in N. narioa; in N.fufea
it is a psoas major, with a small iliac origin; in artes it aris from
the thfree lower lumbar vertebrie, is inserted fleshy into the pectineal
line, and'by a tendon into the lesr trochanter.
Pectineus (-04) has the usual origin, and is inserted into the upper
half ofthe femur in the coatis, and into the upper fourth in the martins.
Adductor pripus- (.09) is normal and quite distinct in Nasua; in
Mutes there isa sond slip arising from the posterior half of the
horizontal ramus of the pubis, and inserted into the back of the femur
just above the condyles Adductor secundus (+ adductor tertius 22)
is distinctly bilaminar in N. nodica, but not in the others; it is attached
as usLal. Adductor tertius is separble with diffiulty from adductor
wcundus, arising in Nfisfr. bm the spine of the pubis, and having a
narrow insertion into themiddle point of the femur. In Muates it is a
small slip arising just in front of the pectineus, and behind the pecti

This content downloaded from 185.2.32.89 on Wed, 18 Jun 2014 08:45:47 AM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 54 Proceedings of theRoyal Irish Academy.
neal tuberoie; its insertion overlies that of pectineus. ttuadratus
femoris (>04) arises as usual from the tuber ischii anterior to
the origin of biceps, and is inserted into the intertrochanteric line.
Obturator externus (-07) and internus (>05) are both present and
separate in all; the superior gemellus is large in N. narica, but the
inferior is absent; both are present and distinct in N fuca, and they
are fused with obturator in Martes.
Agitator cauds (>06) in N. narica arises from the first caudal ver
tebra, and is inserted into the lower two-thirds of the outside of the
femur ; it is represented by the caudal origin of the biceps in Ifartes.
Pyriformis (>05) arises from the third and fourth sacral vertebre,
and is inserted as wual just behind the tendon of the gluteus medius.
Gluteus maximus (-07) arises from the gluteal fascia and fist cau
dal vertebra (and from the side of the sacrum as well in Martes), and
is inserted into the great trochanter, and more especially into its pro
ininent lower part in the coatis. Gluteus medius (-15) is large and
normal. Gluteus minlimus (+ gluteus quartus -03) -is fused with gluteus
quartus in N. narica, though separate from it inN. fusca; the latter is
absent in the martins. Tensor vagint femoris (>05) is small and normal
inN. sarica, arises from the anterior superior spine of the ilium in N.
fumca, and from the inferior edge of that bone inMartes, and is inserted
into the fawia of the thigh as usual; it is scarcely separable from gluteus
maximus.
Biceps femonis ( 17) arises in Nasna from the tuber ishii, and in
Martes from the first and second caudalvertebrm as well, and is inserted
in N. narica into the upper two-thirds of the leg; in N. fuca into the
upper half, and in the martin into the fascia of the thigh and upper
half of the tibia. Biceps accessorius (>02) arises along with agitator
caude, and is inserted along with biceps inN. narica ; it arises along
with the caudal head of semitendinosus, and is inserted into the middle
of the fibula in N.fissca; it was not distinct from biceps in the martin.
Semimembranosus (-l )-in the coatis is -united to addator primus
except at its insertion, which is tibial as usual; 'inMartes it is quite
separate, extending from the tuber ischii to the top of the tibia.
Semitendinosus (4 1) arises in Nasua by two heads-one from the
tuber ischii as usual, and the other tendinous from the first caudal
vertebra; they unite at the inscription, which is about half way don
the muscle, and are inserted as usual into the tibia close to saoriois.
There is only the single ischial head in Martes, and the insertion is
into the tibia at the point of junction of the upper and middle thirds.
Gracilis has a wide origin from nearly the whole of the horzontal
ramus of the pubis, and is inserted into the tibia, inseparably from
sartorius in A. narica, but distinct from, although closely applied to, it
inN. fuca.
Rectus femons (-10) has one head, and is moderately sepawate from
vastus externus (-I4), which is normal and distinct from vos inter
nus (+ crurmus -06), the latter being inseparable from crureus. Qua
driceps extensor cruris presents no feature of importance inMartes, all

This content downloaded from 185.2.32.89 on Wed, 18 Jun 2014 08:45:47 AM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
 MACKINTOSH-Not on the yology of the Coati-Mondi, 4-c. 55

its parts being more or lees fused. Popliteus (-03) is normal and devoid
of a fabeUa in N. swries, with an inwrtion into nearly the upper half
of the tibia in N.fu.ca , in Martes there is a sesamoid in the tendon of
origin, the insertion is into the- upper half of the tibia in one
specimen, and into the upper third in the other (smaller) one.
Gastrocuemius externus (-06) has a fabella, and is inseparable from
the next muscle at its origin in the coatis; there is a fabella in the
origin in the larger of the two martins. Gastrocnemius internus ('07)
has no sesamoid inN.nar andMartes, but there is a small one in N.
f,se. Plantaris (-05) has tX iusual origin and -insertion (plantar
fascia); there is a sesamoid in its origin in the coatis, but not in the
martins, in which animals this muscle is surrounded by gastrocnemius
externus
8olmius (>05) is fibular i'n origin and calcaneal in insertion as usual;
it is en'tirely fleshy in Nasua and in one of the martins, in the other,
however, there is a tendinous origin becoming fleshy about half way
down the leg.
Flexor digitoram longus (.04) and flexor hallcis longus (>08) are
both normal, the latter being as usual the larger. They unite to form
a single tendon, which again subdivides to send one tendon to each of
the five digits. Tibialis posticus ('04) arises as usual in Nasna, and is
inserted into the astragalus, scaphoid, and internal cuneiform bones; in
Martes the'origin is very high up on the tibia, and the insertion is into
the scaphoid only. Flexor digitorum brevis (>01) arises from the tendon
of plantaris,and is in fact the fleshypart of thatmracle on the sole ot
the foot; it sends a tendon to each of the four digits. Flexori longo
accessorus ('02) arises from the calcaneum, and is inserted into the
side of the tendon formed by the union of flexor hallucis and flexor
digitorum.
Tibialis anticus (' 17) is single and normal in Nasua, but in Hartes
there are two separate muscls-one arising a little behind the other
from the top of the tibia; the two tendons are inserted side by side.
Extensor hallucis (>02) arises from the upper half of the tibia, and
has the usual hallucal insertion in Nasua, but is abeent altogether in
the martins. Extensor digitorum longus ('03) arises as usual brom the
external condyle of the femur, and sends a tendon to each of the four
digits. Peroneus quinti (-01) brevis ('03), andlongus ('04), preaent
no de'viation from the ordinary carnivore type. Abductor ossis
metarsi minimi digiti is large in all, arising from the under sufface
Of the calcaneum, and inserted into the base of the fifth metatarsal.
Extensor brevis minimi digiti ('01) is normal in the coatis. In N.
fusca there is an abductor and an adductor for each digit, adductor
indicis being bicipital. In N. narica the muscles of the hind foot
are-Adductor haluci,; extending from the head of the middle
metatarsal to the outer eamoid bone; abductor and flexor brevis hal
lui, normal; and interossous abductor and adductor, each for index;
medius and annularis, and the ittr of the two, for minimus, which
has a special abductor; there is also a special abductor for the halux.

This content downloaded from 185.2.32.89 on Wed, 18 Jun 2014 08:45:47 AM

All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions