Part 1:

When you’re the president of the United States, you meet a lot of remarkable people and you try under all
circumstances to maintain your composure. But that’s harder than you think when you you’re visiting her majesty.
Before I took office, Michelle and I hadn’t been to too many palaces, so we weren’t sure what to expect on our
first trip to Buckingham, but we shouldn’t have been worried. Her majesty put us at ease with her grace and
generosity. So much so that I walked away thinking she reminded me a little bit of my grandmother. An in the
years since I’d like think her majesty and I have formed a special relationship of our own. Certainly, I can say
getting to know her was one of the great privileges of my years in office and I learned so much from seeing the
example she set for all of us who had the privilege to serve. Your majesty, it would be an understatement to say the
world has changed a bit in the seven decades since you first came to power, but your character never has. Your
steadfast stewardship of one of our most important democracies has made the world safer and more prosperous
through war and peace, times of adversity and times of prosperity. Your life has been a gift not just to the United
Kingdom but to the world and it is with gratitude to your leadership and the kindness that you’ve shown me and
my family that I say may the light of your crown to reign supreme.
Part 2:
WOODHAM:So, Pamela, here's your essay. And Carl, you've already got yours back. Anything you want to ask
or any comments?
CARL:Can you just go over again for us how the marks for our essays go towards our final grade?
DR:Well, mmm, over the year you are meant to write five main essays for this course.
CARL:Yes.
DR:And each essay's marked out of 20, which gives you a total of 100 marks.
CARL:Yes?
DR:This course work makes up 50% of your marks for the year, with the other 50% coming from the written
exam.
CARL:Right. So the five essays contribute to 50% of our final grade for the year.
DR:Yes.
CARL:You gave me 18 out of 20 for this essay, which gives me a total of 9% towards my final grade for the year.
DR:Mmm, and ...
PAMELA:And with 14 for this one, I've got 7%.
DR:Yes, Pamela. Does that clarify it?
PAMELA:Yes.
CARL:Mmm. Yes.
PAMELA:We did have it explained to us at the beginning of the course.
CARL:When?
PAMELA:In the first tutorial.
DR:Okay. I think we had better move on now. About your last essay, have either of you any questions or
comments?
Part 3:
M1 = Presenter, M2 = Brian, F = Lucy
M1: On today’s programme, we’re discussing the whole issue of so-called ‘ethical’ travel. I’m talking to travel
journalist, Lucy Marske and conservationist Brian Eckers. Lucy, ethical travel has had a number of names attached
to it. Can you explain exactly what makes travel ‘ethical’?
F: Actually, various labels are in play here. We have ‘eco-travel’, ‘green travel’, ‘sustainable travel’, ‘responsible
travel’ – the list goes on. Essentially, these all mean the same thing: the idea of showing respect for the
environment and lives of the local community in the places we visit. This underlies the notion of ethical travel. The
idea that whatever travel choices we make will have an impact and we have to make sure it’s a positive one. To
clarify some of the terms, though, ‘sustainable tourism’ focuses on the development of a tourist area which will

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last, so that the intrinsic appeal of the area is not destroyed by tourism. Responsible tourism and the newly coined
community-based tourism focus more specifically on ensuring that the economic benefits go directly to the
community, rather than to some foreign-based travel company.
M1: Would you go along with that definition, Brian?
M2: The truth of the matter is that green labels and terms are used rather loosely. The word ‘green’ is often used
freely for marketing purposes, and doesn’t always mean that the operator’s acting ethically – in other words
considering the needs of the local community, every step of the way. And while international watchdog
organisations like the Ethical Tourism Journal are pushing for stricter regulations, some travel companies do
manage to slip through the net. I think anyone who’s concerned about ethical travel needs to be aware of exactly
what these labels mean, so that they can make an informed decision about their destination.
F: I also think we should mention that responsible companies generally display official certification of their ethical
status now. There’s legislation in place in several countries regarding the misuse of labelling. Customers should
check out each company’s green credentials on line, though, just to be sure they are actually going to get what they
sign up for.
M1: Another label we keep hearing about is ‘slow travel’ and Brian, you’re a member of this movement. I’m a bit
confused as to what it means though. Does it mean we have to travel everywhere on a donkey?
M2: No, not exactly. Though that’s a nice idea, if you fancy it! No, slow travel is really a small part of the Slow
Movement. It’s part of ageneral reaction against the hectic pace of modern life. By encouraging people to go on
self-catering holidays, for example, we hope they’ll become more immersed in their destination, and have a better
time as a result. But although we’d go along with that and other ethical ideas, like reducing air miles or whatever,
that’s not actually our main focus. Slow travel’s more about respecting the tourist’s need to unwind and just
appreciate the fact of being. People rarely take the time to do this anymore. Although, yes, we do also encourage
people to explore an area on foot, by bike, or even on horseback, as you suggest.
M1: And you’ve been directly involved in the promotion of Stradbroke Island as the world’s first Slow holiday
destination, Brian. Tell us a bit about the project.
M2: Stradbroke Island, off Brisbane in Australia, which attracts quite a few tourists, has set itself up as a slow
community. Its aims are fairly simple: to preserve the island’s unique environment and cultural identity, and in
particular, to afford its residents and visitors alike the opportunity to truly enjoy community life. For example,
we’re trying to enforce stricter speed limits, and our bus service stops where it’s safe and convenient for
passengers to get on and off. We also celebrate local food as something precious, and oppose the standardisation
you get in many tourist spots today.
F: Yes, I have to say, Brian, much as I really applaud what the movement’s trying to do on the island – you know,
people there really care about how their actions affect everyone else and you can’t escape that as a visitor, it’s
everywhere – much as I applaud that, I wonder if it can be sustained? Sure, even though I was effectively working,
I managed to relax and enjoy myself; everyone was really friendly, and kept feeding me – so much so that I put on
some weight whilst there! But, you know, will the exposure the island’s receiving in the media ultimately have an
adverse impact on its environment, as the number of visitors increases? I’d rather think not, but that’s the thing to
keep an eye on.
M1: An interesting point to consider! Let’s stop at that point and hear some questions from listeners …
Part 4:
In 132 CE, Chinese polymath Zhang Heng presented the Han court with his latest invention. This large vase, he
claimed, could tell them whenever an earthquake occurred in their kingdom– including the direction they should
send aid. The court was somewhat skeptical, especially when the device triggered on a seemingly quiet afternoon.
But when messengers came for help days later, their doubts turned to gratitude. Today, we no longer rely on pots
to identify seismic events, but earthquakes still offer a unique challenge to those trying to track them. So why are
earthquakes so hard to anticipate, and how could we get better at predicting them? To answer that, we need to

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understand some theories behind how earthquakes occur. Earth’s crust is made from several vast, jagged slabs of
rock called tectonic plates, each riding on a hot, partially molten layer of Earth’s mantle. This causes the plates to
spread very slowly, at anywhere from 1 to 20 centimeters per year. But these tiny movements are powerful enough
to cause deep cracks in the interacting plates. And in unstable zones, the intensifying pressure may ultimately
trigger an earthquake. It’s hard enough to monitor these miniscule movements, but the factors that turn shifts into
seismic events are far more varied. Different fault lines juxtapose different rocks– some of which are stronger–or
weaker– under pressure. Diverse rocks also react differently to friction and high temperatures. Some partially melt,
and can release lubricating fluids made of superheated minerals that reduce fault line friction. But some are left
dry, prone to dangerous build-ups of pressure. And all these faults are subject to varying gravitational forces, as
well as the currents of hot rocks moving throughout Earth’s mantle. So which of these hidden variables should we
be analyzing, and how do they fit into our growing prediction toolkit? Because some of these forces occur at
largely constant rates, the behavior of the plates is somewhat cyclical. Today, many of our most reliable clues
come from long-term forecasting, related to when and where earthquakes have previously occurred. At the scale of
millennia, this allows us to make predictions about when highly active faults, like the San Andreas, are overdue for
a massive earthquake. But due to the many variables involved, this method can only predict very loose timeframes.
To predict more imminent events, researchers have investigated the vibrations Earth elicits before a quake.
Geologists have long used seismometers to track and map these tiny shifts in the earth’s crust. And today, most
smartphones are also capable of recording primary seismic waves. With a network of phones around the globe,
scientists could potentially crowdsource a rich, detailed warning system that alerts people to incoming quakes.
Unfortunately, phones might not be able to provide the advance notice needed to enact safety protocols. But such
detailed readings would still be useful for prediction tools like NASA’s Quakesim software, which can use a
rigorous blend of geological data to identify regions at risk. However, recent studies indicate the most telling signs
of a quake might be invisible to all these sensors. In 2011, just before an earthquake struck the east coast of Japan,
nearby researchers recorded surprisingly high concentrations of the radioactive isotope pair: radon and thoron. As
stress builds up in the crust right before an earthquake, micro-fractures allow these gases to escape to the surface.
These scientists think that if we built a vast network of radon-thoron detectors in earthquake-prone areas, it could
become a promising warning system– potentially predicting quakes a week in advance. Of course, none of these
technologies would be as helpful as simply looking deep inside the earth itself. With a deeper view we might be
able to track and predict large-scale geological changes in real time, possibly saving tens of thousands of lives a
year. But for now, these technologies can help us prepare and respond quickly to areas in need– without waiting
for directions from a vase.

I. LISTENING (50 points)

Part 1: 2 points for ONE correct answer
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
Part 2: 2 points for ONE correct answer
6. five /5 7. 50%/ 50 percent 8. eighteen/ 18
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 9. fourteen / 14 10. in the first tutorial
Part 3: 2 points for ONE correct answer
11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C
Part 4: 2 points for ONE correct answer
16. jagged slabs 21. seismometers
17. partially molten layer 22. (potentially) crowdsource
18. interacting plates 23. safety protocols
19. lubricating fluids 24. radioactive isotope pair
20. loose timeframes 25. micro-fractures
II. LEXICO AND GRAMMAR (20 pts)
Part 1: 1.0 point for ONE correct answer
26.C 27.C 28.A 29.D 30.C 31.A 32.B 33.B 34.C 35.D
36.A 37.A 38.C 39.B 40.D 41.C 42.A 43.B 44.A 45.B
Part 2: 1.0 point for ONE correct answer
46. outdistanced 51. askance
47. unsportsmanlike 52. autosuggestion
48. overmanned 53. copper-bottomed
49. word-perfect 54. handshake
50. profiteering 55. overdrive
III. READING (50 points)
Part 1: 1.5 points for ONE correct answer
56. do 57. something 58. leads 59. rise 60. for
61. caught 62. treating 63. hope 64. death 65. bring
Part 2: 1.0 point for ONE correct answer
66. C 67. A 68. B 69. B 70. B 71. A 72. C 73. D 74. C 75. B
Part 3: 1.0 point for ONE correct answer
76.ix 77.ii 78.viii 79. xi 80.vi
81.i 82.iii 83.NO 84.NO 85.YES
86.NOT GIVEN 87. (short) programme 88. image problem
Part 4: 1.0 point for ONE correct answer
89.H 90.F 91.B 92.C 93.E 94.A 95.G
Part 5: 1.5 point for ONE correct answer
96.D 97.A 98.C 99.D 100.C 101.B 102.A 103.B 104.A 105.C

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