C HEMISTRY

INDEX
Code Book Name Authors Page No.

B.Sc. Chemistry
888 TB: B.Sc. Chemistry-I (Inorganic +Organic +Physical) Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal 01
889 TB: B.Sc. Chemistry-II (Inorganic +Organic +Physical) Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal 02
882 TB: Inorganic Chemistry-III Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal Hindi Edition 02
Also
883 TB: Organic Chemistry-III Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal Available 03
884 TB: Physical Chemistry-III Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal 03
525 B.Sc. Chemistry Practical (Hindi & English) Rajkumar 04

M.Sc. Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry

276 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Vol. I Gurdeep Raj 04

277 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Vol. II Gurdeep Raj 05
278 Advanced Practical Inorganic Chemistry Gurdeep Raj 05
In Press Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Gurdeep Raj 06
270 Chromatography B.K. Sharma 06

Organic Chemistry

302 Advanced Organic Chemistry Aditi Singhal 08

279 Organic Chemistry Natural Products – Vol. I O. P. Agarwal 09
280 Organic Chemistry Natural Products – Vol. II O. P. Agarwal 09
281 Organic Chemistry Reactions & Reagents O. P. Agarwal 10
282 Synthetic Organic Chemistry O. P. Agarwal 11
284 Organic Name Reactions and Molecular Rearrangements Gurdeep Raj 11
283 Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry O. P. Agarwal 12
301 Advanced Natural Products M.P. Saluja, Raj Kumar & Anuja Agarwal 13
585 Organic Synthesis M.P. Saluja 13

Physical Chemistry

286 Advanced Physical Chemistry Gurdeep Raj 14

287 Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry J.B. Yadav 17
296 Problems in Physical Chemistry Gurdeep Raj 18
262 Group Theory & Symmetry in Chemistry Gurdeep Raj, Ajay Kumar Bhagi & V.K.Jain 19
269 Spectroscopy B.K. Sharma 20
290 Chemical Kinetics Gurdeep Raj 22
291 Photo Chemistry Gurdeep Raj 23
292 Thermodynamics Gurdeep Raj 23
298 Analytical Chemistry B.K. Sharma 25

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Code Book Name Authors Page No.

Other Chemistry Books

256 Biostatistics Pardeep K. Jasra, Gurdeep Raj 27

261 Biochemistry (Physiological Chemistry) G.R. Agarwal, Kiran Agarwal and O.P. Agarwal 27

263 Industrial Chemistry (Including Chemical Engineering) B.K. Sharma 29

266 Fuels & Petroleum Processing B.K. Sharma 35

267 Polymer Chemistry B.K. Sharma 36

268 Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis B.K. Sharma 38

271 Environmental Chemistry B.K. Sharma 43

272 Air Pollution B.K. Sharma 46

273 Water Pollution B.K. Sharma 47

274 Soil & Noise Pollution B.K. Sharma 48

288 Surface Chemistry (Adsorption) Gurdeep Raj 49

289 Phase Rule Gurdeep Raj 49

295 Nuclear & Radiation Chemistry B.K. Sharma 50

Chemistry for Engineering Students

315 Environment and Ecology R.K. Agarwal & V.K. Sangal 52

318 Engineering Chemistry R.K. Agarwal 52

324 Engineering Chemistry (General) B.K. Sharma 53

819 Advanced Engineering Chemistry Prof. (Dr.) Shradha Sinha, Prof. (Dr.) Sudha Jain 58

590 Engineering Chemistry (UK) Dr. R.K. Agarwal 59

Chemistry for Pharmacy Students

299 Environment and Ecology (B.P.) R.K. Agarwal & V.K. Sangal 59

656 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II Dr. M.P. Saluja 60

575 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (Organic Chemistry-II) Dr. R.K. Agarwal, Dr. Kiran Bajaj 60

570 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VI (Medicinal Chemistry-II) Anu Chaudhary 60

579 Pharmaceutical Analysis-I Nitin Sharma, Anjana Sharma 61

Chemistry for Polytechnic Students

681 Applied Chemistry Anita Dhawan 61

Hindi Edition
684 Applied Chemistry Vol.-I (U.K.) Anita Dhawan Also 62
Available
853 Applied Chemistry Vol.-II (U.K.) Anita Dhawan 62

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 Krishna's

C HEMISTRY Contents

B.Sc. Chemistry
888-01 TB: B.Sc. Chemistry-I (Inorganic + Organic + Physical) –Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal

[Hindi Edition Also Available]

Inorganic Chemistry: Y Atomic Structure–Dual Character of Electron Y Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle Y Quantum Numbers and Atomic
Orbitals Y The Schrödinger Wave Equation Y Physical Significance of ψ and ψ2 Y Shapes of Atomic Orbitals Y Rules for Writing Electronic Configuration
Y Effective Nuclear Charge and Slater's Rule Y Periodic Table & Periodic Properties Y Introduction to Periodic Table Y Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Y Modern Periodic Table Y Periodicity in Properties Y Density Y Melting Points Y Ionization Enthalpy or Energy or Potential Y Electron Gain Enthalpy or
Electron Affinity Y Electronegativity Y Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Y Types of Bonds Y Valence Bond Theory Y VSEPR Theory
Y Hybridization Y Fajan’s Rule Y Polar and Non-Polar Covalent Bonds Y Molecular Orbital Theory Y Hydrogen Bonding Y Van der Waals Forces

Y s-Block Elements Y Extraction of Alkali Metals Y General Chemical Properties of Alkali Metals Y Compounds of Alkali Metals Y Individual

Compounds of Alkali Metals Y Alkaline Earth Metals Y Group 18: The Noble Gases Y Isolation and Separation of Noble Gases Y Periodic Properties of
Noble Gases Y Chemical Properties Y p-Block Elements Y Characteristic Properties of Elements in p-block of Modern Periodic Table Y Group 13
: Boron Y Group 14 : The Carbon Family Y Group 15: The Nitrogen Family Y Group 16: The Oxygen Family Y Group 17 : The Halogens Family.

Organic Chemistry: Y Structure and Bonding Y Localised and Delocalized Chemical Bonding Y Characteristics of Covalent Bond Y Delocalized
Chemical Bonding and Resonance Y Hybridization Y Electron Displacement Effect Y Electromeric Effect Y Strength of Acids and Bases Y Mechanism of
Organic Reactions Y Fundamental Concepts of Organic Reaction Y Various Reaction Intermediates Y Methods of Determination of Reaction
Mechanism Y Alkanes & Cycloalkanes Y Alkanes Y Cycloalkanes Y Stability of Rings and Ring Strain Y Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds
Y Structural Isomerism Y Stereoisomerism Y Geometrical Isomerism Y Conformational Isomerism Y Alkenes, Cycloalkenes, Dienes and Alkynes
Y Alkenes Y Cycloalkene (or Cycloolefin) Y Dienes Y Alkynes Y Arenes and Aromaticity Y Arenes Y Structure of Benzene Y Aromaticity and Huckel's Rule
Y Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions Y Disubstitution in Benzene Ring and Theory of Substituent Effect Y Fused or Condensed Aromatic

Hydrocarbons Y Anthracene Y Biphenyls Y Alky and Aryl Halide Y Alkyl Halides Y Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Y Polyhalogen Compounds
Y Aryl Halides Y Synthesis and Uses of DDT Y Synthesis and Uses of BHC.

Physical Chemistry : Y Mathematical Concepts Y Logarithmic Relations Y Curve Sketching Y Differentiation of Functions (k, e x , x n, sin n, log x)
Y Differentiation of Sum and Difference of Two Functions Y Differential Coefficient of Product of Two Functions Y Differentiation of Quotient of Two
Functions Y Maxima and Minima Y Partial Differentiation Y Integration Y Permutation and Combination Y Computers Y General Introduction to
Computers Y Different Components of a Computers Y Binary Number And Arithmetics Y Introduction of Computer Language Programming Y Gaseous
States Y The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Y Deviation from Ideal Gas Behavior, Van der Waals Equation of State Y Equations of State for Real
Gases Y Relationship between Critical Constants and Van der Waals Constants Y The P-V Isotherms of Carbon Dioxide Y Liquefaction of Gases Y Liquid
Crystals Y The Gaseous, Liquid and Solid States Y Liquid Crystals or Mesomorphic State Y Classification of Liquid Crystals Y Cholestric Liquid Crystal
Y Solid State Y Interfacial Angles Y Symmetry in Crystal Systems YCrystal System Y Bravais Lattices Y Lattice Energy Y Born-Haber Cycle Y Law of
Rational Indices Y Miller Indices and Interplanar Spacing Y Interplanar Spacing in a Crystal System Y X-ray diffraction and Bragg’s Law Y X-Ray
diffraction and Structures of Some Ionic Lattices Y Colloidal States Y Definition of Colloid Y Comparison Among True Solution, Colloid and
Suspension Y Classification of Colloids Y Preparation of Colloidal Solutions Y Purification of Colloidal Solutions Y General Properties of Colloidal
Systems Y The Brownian Movement Y Specific Characteristics of Hydrophobic Colloidal Systems Y Emulsions Y Gels Y Importance and Application of
Colloids Y Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis Y Rate of Reaction Y Integrated Rate Laws of Different Order Reactions Y Complex First-Order Reactions
Y Temperature Dependance of Rate of Reaction Y Radioactivity Y The Theories of Reaction Rates Y Catalysis.

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Inorganic Chemistry: Y Chemistry of Elements of First Transition Series Y General Characteristics of d-Block Elements Y Compounds of First
Row Transition Metal Y Complexes Y Chemistry of Elements of 2 nd & 3 rd Transition Series Y General Characteristics of Transition Elements
Y Compounds of Elements of Second and Third Transition Series Y Mercuric Oxide, HgO Y Mercuric (II) Sulphide, HgS Y Mercury (II) Sulphate or

Mercuric Sulphate, HgSO4 Y Coordination Compounds Y Fundamental Terms and Bonding Theories of Complexes Y Isomerism in Coordination
Compounds Y Chemistry of Lanthanide Elements Y General Properties of Lanthanides Y Extraction of a Mixture of Lanthanides from Monazite
Sand Y Compounds of Lanthanides Y Chemistry of Actinides Y General Characteristics of Actinides Y Chemistry of Separation Y Separation of
Uranium and Plutonium from Nuclear Fuel Y Compounds of Actinoids Y Oxidation and Reduction Y Occurrence of Metals Y MetallurgyY Extraction
of Some Important Metals Y Oxidation and Reduction Y Electrode Potential Y Latimer Frost Diagram Y Acids and Bases Y Arrhenius Concept of Acids
and Bases Y Bronsted–Lowry Concept Y Lewis Concept of Acid Base Y Some other Concepts Y Non-aqueous Solvents Y Introduction to Solvents Y
Liquid Ammonia Y Liquid Sulphur Dioxide.

Organic Chemistry: Y Electromagnetic Spectrum Absorption Spectra Y Introduction and Basic Terms Y Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS)
Spectroscopy Y Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy Y Alcohols Y Alcohols Y Ethylene Glycol, 1,2,-Ethanediol, HOCH 2CH 2OH Glycerol,1,2,3-Propanetriol,
HOCH 2 — CH(OH) — CH 2OH Y Phenols Y Methods of Preparation of Phenols Y Physical Properties of the Phenols Y Chemical Properties of the
Phenols Y Ethers and Epoxides Y Ethers Y Nomenclature Y Methods of Preparation of Ethers Y Physical Properties of the Ethers Y Chemical
Properties of the Ethers Y Cyclic Ethers Y Zeisel Method for the Detection and Estimation of Alkoxy Group in a Compound Y Aldehydes and
Ketones Y Aldehydes and Ketones Y Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones Y Methods of Preparation of Aldehydes Y Methods of Preparation of
Ketones Y Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Y Chemical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Y Carboxylic Acid
Y Nomenclature Y Methods of Preparation Y Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids Y Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids Y Dicarboxylic Acid

Y Unsaturated Dicarboxylic Acids Y Substituted Acids Y Derivatives of Carboxylic Acid Y Nomenclature Y General Discussion of Chemistry of

Acid Derivatives Y Organic Compounds of Nitrogen Y Nitro Compounds Y Nitroalkanes Y Alkyl Nitrites (R — O — N == O) Y Aromatic Nitro
Compounds Y Amines.

Physical Chemistry: Y Thermodynamics-I Y Some Basic Terms in Thermodynamics Y First Law of Thermodynamics Y Heat Capacity, Specific Heat
Capacity and Molar Heat Capacity Y Work Done by Ideal Gas in Different Processes Y Joule−Thomson Effect Y Thermochemistry Y Different Types of
Heats of Reaction Y Hess's Law Y Kirchhoff 's Law Y Chemical Equilibrium Y Introduction and Basic Terms Y Equilibrium Constant for Different Types
of Equilibria Y Le-Chatelier's Principle Y Free Energy Change and Spontaneity of a Reaction Y Thermodynamics-II Y Carnot Cycle Y Second Law of
Thermodynamics Y Entropy (S) Y Gibbs Free Energy, G Y Nernst Heat Theorem and Third Law of Thermodynamics Y Nernst's Distribution Law Y The
Distribution Law Y Electrochemistry-I Y Introduction and Basic Terms Y Specific Conductance, Equivalent Conductance and Molar Conductance
Y Transport Number Y Kohlrausch's Law Y Arrhenius Theory of Electolytic Dissociation Y Conductometry Y Solution Y Vapour Pressure Y Ideal

Solution Y Solubility of Partially Miscible Liquids Y Solutions of Gases in Liquids Y Electrochemisty-II Y Galvanic Cell Y Electrochemical Series and its
Significance Y Concentration Cells Y Potentiometric Titration Y Ionic Equilibrium Y Different Types of Commercial Cells Y Phase Equilibrium Y
Different Basic Terms Y One Component System Y Two-Component System.

882-01 TB: Inorganic Chemistry-III –Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal

[Hindi Edition Also Available]

Y Metal-Ligand Bonding in Transition Metal Complexes Y The Valence Bond Theory Y Applications of Valence Bond Theory Y Crystal Field
Theory (C.F.T.) Y Orientation of d-Orbitals and Crystal Field Splitting or Energy levels Y Crystal Field Splitting in Octahedral Complexes Y Calculation of
Crystal Field Stabilization Energy (CFSE) in Octahedral Field, ∆ o Y Crystal Field Splitting in Tetragonal and Square Planar Complexes Y Factors Affecting
CFSE Y Applications of Crystal Field Theory Y Limitations of Crystal Field Theory Y Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of Metal Complexes Y
Stability of Complexes in Aqueous Solution Y Stepwise Formation of Complexes, Stepwise Formation Constants and Overall Formation Constants Y
Kinetic & Thermodynamic Stability of Metal Complexes and Factors Affecting the Stability Y Thermodynamic Stability Y Electrostatic Polarisation Theory
Y Theories of Trans-Effect Y Experimental Determination of Stability Constant and Composition of a Complex Y Ligand Substitution Reactions in Square

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Planar Complexes Y The Trans Effect Y Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes Y Basic Terms of Magnetochemistry Y Origin of
Magnetism Y Magnetic Behaviour YHysteresis Y Magnetic Susceptibility Y Magnetic Moment Y Electronic Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes
Y Basic Concepts of Electron Absorption SpectroscopyY Coupling of Orbital Angular Momentum Y Coupling of Spin Angular Momenta Y Arranging the

Ground State Terms-Hund's Rule Y Calculation of Number of Microstates Y Fundamentals of Electron Absorption Spectroscopy Y Electronic Spectrum of
Molecular Species Y Selection Rules Y Quantum Mechanical Explanation of Laporte Selection Rule Y Orgel Diagrams Y Spectrochemical Series
Y Organometallic Chemistry Y Classification of Organometallic Compounds Based on the Nature of Metal-Carbon Bond Y Preparation, Properties,

Bonding and Applications of Alkyl and Aryls of Li, Al, Hg, Sn and Ti Y Tin Alkyl Y Mercury Alkyl Y Alkyl Aluminium Y Alkyl and Aryl Titanium Y A Brief
Account of Metal Ethylenic Complexes Y Metal Carbonyls Y Infrared Absorption Spectra of Metal Carbonyls Y The 18 Electron Rule for Carbonyls Y
Silicones and Phosphazenes Y Silicones Y General Methods of Preparation of Silicones Y Classification of Silicones Y Properties of Silicones Y
Properties Dependent on Molecular Structure Y Uses of Silicones Y Overview of Silicones Y Phosphazenes Y Classification of Phosphazenes Y Nature of
Bonding in Triphosphazenes Y Uses and Applications of Phosphazenes Y Chlorophosphazenes Y Thermal Paste or Silicone Paste Y Silicone Rubber Y
Addition Cure System Y Condensation-Based System Y Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) Y Pearson Concept of Hard and Soft Acids & Bases
Y Hard and Soft Acids Y Hard and Soft Bases Y Overview of Pearson Concept Y Acid Base Strength and Hardness and Softness Y Nature of Bonding in

Hard-Hard & Soft-Soft Combinations Y Applications of HSAB Principle Y Symbiosis Y Limitations of HSAB Principle Y Bioinorganic Chemistry Y
Inorganic Metals in Biological Systems Y Metalloporphyrins with Special Reference to Haemoglobin and Myoglobins Y Biological Role of Alkali & Alkaline
Earth Metal Ions with Special Reference to Calcium Y Nitrogen Fixation Y Biochemical oxygen demand or B.O.D.

883-01 TB: Organic Chemistry-III –Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal

[Hindi Edition Also Available]

YNMR Spectroscopy & Some Problems Based on UV & IR Spectroscopy Y Principles of NMR Spectroscopy Y 1H NMR Spectrum Y Chemical
Shift (δ) Y Factors Influencing the Chemical Shift δ Y Interpretation of General NMR Spectrum Y Spin-Spin Splitting or Coupling Y UV-visible and IR
Spectroscopy Y Organometallic Compounds Y Organomagnesium Compounds Y Organozinc Compounds Y Organolithium Compounds Y
Organosulphur Compounds Y Nomenclature Y Structural Features Y Thiols Y Sulphonic Acids Y Thioethers Y Heterocyclic Compounds Y
Nomenclature Y Pyridine Y Quinoline Y Isoquinoline, (β, γ -Benzopyridine) Y Pyrrole Y Thiophene Y Furan Y Indole Y Carbohydrates Y Classification
and Nomenclature of Carbohydrates Y Monosaccharides Y D-Glucose, C6H12O6 Y Disaccharides Y Polysaccharides Y Analysis of Carbohydrates Y
Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins and Nucleic Acids Y Nomenclature of Amino Acids Y Peptides Y Proteins Y Nucleic Acids Y Fats, Oils and
Detergents Y Lipids Y Fats and Oils Y Analysis of Fats and Oils Y Vegetable Ghee Y Soaps and Detergents Y Waxes Y Steroids Y Cholesterol Y Ergosterol
Y Synthetic Polymers Y Classification of Polymers Y Mechanism of Addition Polymerisation Y Controlling Stereochemistry in Addition Polymers Y

Condensation Polymers (Step-Growth Polymers) Y Thermosetting Polymers Y Plasticizers Y Biodegradable Plastics Y Synthetic Dyes Y Electronic
Theory of Color and Constitution Y Dyes and Their Nomenclature Y Anthraquinoid Dyes Y Organic Synthesis via Enolates Y Active Methylene
Compounds Y Ethyl Acetoacetate, CH3COCH2COOC2H5 Y Tautomerism Y Diethyl Malonate.

884-01 TB: Physical Chemistry-III –Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal

[Hindi Edition Also Available]

Y Introductory Quantum Mechanics Y Black Body Radiation Y Photo Electric Effect Y Hydrogen Spectrum Y Compton Effect or Scattering Y
Sinusoidal Wave Y Dual Character of Electron Y Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle Y Elementary Spectroscopy Y Electromagnetic RadiationY
Electromagnetic Spectrum Y Spectrophotometry Y Born-Oppenheimer (BO) Approximation Y Physical Properties and Molecular Structure Y
Optical Activity and Chemical Constitution Y Specific Rotation [α] Y The Plane Polarised Light Y Chiral Molecule Y Number of Optical Isomers Y Electrical
Properties Y Dipole Moment and Molecular Structure Y Determination of Dipole Moments Y Clausius Mosotti Equation Y Polarisation of Molecule in an
Electric Field Y Magnetic Properties of Molecules Y Types of Magnetic Substances Y Magnetic Susceptibility Y Theories of Diamagnetism and
Paramagnetism Y Measurement of Magnetic Susceptibility Y Application of Magnetic Susceptibilities Y Elementary Quantum Mechanics Y Quantum
Chemistry Y Postulates of Quantum Mechanics Y Hamiltonian Operator Y Traveling and Standing Waves Y Allowed And Forbidden Standing Waves Y
The Schr&&odinger Wave Equation Y Eigen Function and Eigen Values Y Radial Distribution Functions for Various Energy Levels Y Solution of the

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Schr&&
odinger Wave Equation for Some Simple Systems Y Quantum Numbers and Atomic Orbitals Y Shapes of Orbitals Y Covalent Bonding Y Wave
Mechanical Treatment of Covalent Bond Y Explanation of Valence Bond Theory Y Explanation of Molecular Orbital Theory Y Linear Combination of
Atomic orbitals and treatment of H + Y Energy Level Diagram for Molecular Orbitals Y Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules Y Heteronuclear Diatomic
2
Molecules Y Hybridisation in Covalent Molecules Y Different Types of Hybridisation Y Wave Functions for Hybrid Orbitals Y Orientation of Hybrid
Orbitals in Space Y Advanced Spectroscopy Y Advanced Spectroscopy Y Electronic Spectra Y Charge Transfer (C T) Spectra Y Rotational
(Microwave) Spectra Y Vibrational (Infrared) Spectra Y Raman Spectroscopy Y Photochemistry Y The Laws of Photochemistry Y The Jablonski
Diagram Y Light Absorption by Solutions Y Quantum Efficiency or Quantum Yield Y Photochemical Reactions Y Solutions, Dilute Solutions and
Colligative Properties Y Introduction of Solution and it's Types Y Different Methods of Expressing Concentration Y Vapour Pressure Y Colligative
Properties Y The Van't Hoff Factor & Abnormal Colligative Property.

525–02 B.Sc. Chemistry Practical (Hindi & English) –Rajkumar

Inorganic Chemistry: Y Qualitative Analysis Y Identification of Acid Radicals Y Chemical Reaction of Acid Radicals Y Combination Tests of Acid
Radicals Y Interfering Acid Radicals Y Identification of Basic Radicals Y Chemical Reactions of Basic Radicals Y Important Facts Regarding the
Identification of Acid and Basic Radicals Y Viva-Voce.

Organic Chemistry: Y To determine the melting point of the given solid organic substance (Block Method) Y To determine the melting point of the
given solid organic substance (Capillary Method) Y To determine the boiling point of the given liquid organic compound Y To determine the mixed
melting point of the given mixture of organic compounds Y To crystallise the given organic compound Y To decolourise and crystallise the given organic
compound by using charcoal Y To purify the given organic compound by sublimation Y Detection of elements in the given organic compound
Y Detection of functional groups in the given organic compound Y Important facts regarding organic analysis Y Reagents for organic analysis

Y Viva-Voce.

Physical Chemistry: Y To study the distribution of iodine between water and CCl4 and find out the value of distribution coefficient Y To study the
distribution of benzoic acid between benzene and water and find out the value of distribution coefficient Y To determine the percentage composition of
the given mixture (non-interacting) by viscosity method Y To determine the percentage composition of a given mixture (non-interacting) by surface
tension method. Y To determine the specific reaction rate for the hydrolysis of methyl acetate or ethyl acetate catalyzed by hydrogen ions at room
temperature Y Viva-Voce. Appendix: Y First Aid During Practicals Y Essential Precautions in Laboratory Y Logarithms Table Y Anti-Logarithms Table.

M.Sc. Chemistry

Y Structure of the Atom Y Wave Mechanics (Part I) Y Chemical Bonding Y Nature of Covalent Bond and Shapes of Molecules Y Wave Mechanics (Part
II) Y Solid State Chemistry Y Weak Chemical Forces Y Periodic Table and Periodic Properties Y Completion and Extension of the Periodic
Table- Technetium, Promethium, Astatine, Francium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium, Curium, Berklium, Californium, Einsteinium, Mendelevium,
Nobelium, Lawrencium, Kurchatovium (Eka-Hafnium) or Rutherfordium, Hahnium (Eka-tantalum), Elements 106, Elements 107 and 108, Super Heavy
Elements, Further Extension of the Periodic Table Y Modern Concepts of Acids and Bases Y Nuclear and Radiochemistry Y Introductory
Coordination Chemistry Y Chelates Y Inorganic Reaction Mechanism Y Redox Potential Y Hydrides Y Borazine Y Carbides Y Nitrides
Y Interhalogen Compounds Y Pseudo Halogens, Halogen-Halogenoids, Polyhalides and Basic Properties of Iodine Y Peroxides and Peracids and

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their Salts Y Chemistry of Carbonyls Y Chemistry of Nitrosyls Y Nobles Gases and their Compounds and Clathrates Y Phosphonitrilic Compounds
or Phosphazenes Y Passivity and Corrosion Y Polythionic Acids Y Silicates and Silicones Y Non-Stoichiometric Compounds Y Non-Aqueous Solvents
Y Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds Y Alkoxides Y Isopolyacids and Heteropolyacids Y Organometallic Compounds Y Fuels and Furnaces Y Electricity

in the Service of Chemistry Y Mineral Wealth of India Y Inorganic Metals in Biological Systems Y Inorganic Polymers Y Chemistry of d-Block Elements
Y Beryllium Y Thallium Y Gallium Y Indium Y Elements of Group III B Scandium, Yttrium, Lanthanum Y Elements of Group IV B- Titanium, Zirconium,

Hafnium Y Germanium Y Vanadium, Niobium or Columbium and Tantalum Y Tungsten and Molybdenum- General Discussion of VI A Elements,
Tungsten or Wolfram, Molybdenum Y Lanthanides (4f-Block Series) Y Actinides (5f-Block Series) Y Cerium Y Thorium Y Uranium Y Plutonium
Y Rhenium Y Platinum Metals Palladium- Platinum Y Rhodium Y Iridium Y Osmium Y Selenium Y Tellurium Y Some Redox Titrants, Potassium

Bromate, Potassium Iodate, Vanadates, Ceric Salts, Titanous salts, Chromous Salts, Chloramine-T, Y Co-precipitation, Y Post-precipitation
Y Precipitation from Homogeneous Medium Y Indicators for Redox Titrations or Redox Indicators Y Adsorption Indicators Y Complexones

(Largely) EDTA, Y Organic Reagents in Inorganic Analysis Y Solid Electrolytes Y Inorganic Photochemistry Y Poly-Ether Complexes of
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals (Crown Ether and Cryptands) Y Polyions of Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bl or Polyatomic Zintl Anions Y Non-Carbonyl
Metal Clusters.

277–14 (B) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Vol. II –Gurdeep Raj

Y Inorganic Reaction Mechanisum- Part I Y Inorganic Reaction Mechanism- Part II Y Inorganic Re ac tion Mech a nism- Part III Y In or ganic Re ac tion
Mech a nism- Part IV Y In or ganic Re ac tion Mech a nism- Part V Y Inorganic Polymers Y Fluorides of Carbon, Sulphur and Nitrogen Y Cyanides and
Isocyanides Y Electron Deficient Molecules Y Complexes of Phosphorus and Arsenic Donor Ligands Y Metallic Bond and Theories of Semi-Conductors
and Insulators Y Carboranes Y Anionic Boron Hydrides (Hydroborate Ions) Y Role of Metal Complexes in Biological Systems Y Sulphides of Boron,
Silicon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Y Alkoxides Y Organometallic Compounds Y Inorganic Free Radicals Y Solvated Electrons Y Carbon Suboxide
Y Applications of Physical Methods of Eluci dating Molecular Structure of Inorganic Compounds Y Environmental Chemistry Y Sampling and
Measurement of Air Pollutants Y Water Pollutants Y Chemistry of d-Block Elements Y Organo-Alu minium Compounds Y Crowns and Cryptates
Y In ter ca la tion Com pounds Y Metal Clus ters Y Bioinorganic Chemistry Y Symmetry Elements and Group Theory Y C-60 or Buckminsterfullerene
Y Homogeneous Catalysis by Organometallic Compounds Y Heterogeneous Catalysis by Organometallic Compounds Y Insertion Reactions Y Oxidative
Additive and Reductive Elimination Reactions Y Stereochemically Non-rigid and Fluxional Molecules Y Tolman Rules Y Reppe Synthesis Y Carboxylates
Y Organometallic Chemistry of Lanthanides Y Organometallic Chemistry of Actinides Y Diketonates Y Schiff's Base Ligands and Complexes
Y Organometallic Compounds of Li, Na, K, Br, Mg, Sn, Zn, Cd and Hg Y Inorganic Photochemistry Y Fullerences Y Toxicology of Heavy Elements Y Noise
Pollution Y Marine Pollution Y Radioactive Pollution and Nuclear Waste Pollution Y Thermal Pollution Y Soil and Agriculture Pollution.

278–26 Advanced Practical Inorganic Chemistry –Gurdeep Raj

Y Inorganic Qualitative Analysis Y Different Types of Qualitative Analysis Y Terms Used in Qual itative Analysis Y Theoretical Principles
Underlying Qualitative Analysis of Inorganic Mixtures Y Common Ion Effect Y Solubility Product Y Principles Underlying Analysis or Cationic
Mixtures Y Identification of Anionic Constituents Y Preliminary Tests of Anions Y Identification of Anionic Constituents by Wet Tests Y Tests of
Special Combinations of Anionic Constituents Y Identification of Cationic Constituents Y Dry Test Analysis for Cationic Constituents Y Wet Tests
Y Semi-micro Qualitative Analysis Y Semi-Micro Apparatus and its Uses Y Operations Involved in Semi-Micro Analysis Y Identification of Gases Y
Cleaning of Apparatus Y Tests for Acidic Radicals (Anions) Y Preparation of the Solution for Anionic Constituents Y Individual Tests of Anionic
Constituents Y Special Tests for Mixture of Anionic Constituents Y Analysis of Insolubles Y Spot Test Analysis Y How to Carry out a Spot Test Y
Advantages Y Precautions Y Spot Tests for Group I (Pb 2+, Hg 22+ and Ag+) Y Spot Tests for Group II A Y Spot Tests for Group IIB
(As 3+, Sb 3+ and Sn+) Y Spot Tests for Group III. (Fe 3+, Al 3+ and Cr 3+) Y Spot Tests for Group IV (Co2+, Ni 2+, Mn 2+ and Zn 2+) Y Spot Tests for

Group V. (Ba 2+, Sr 2+ and Ca 2+) Y Spot Tests for Group VI. (Mg+, K+ and Na+) Y Spot Test for NH 4+ Ion Y Spot Test for Anions Y Analysis
Involving Rare Elements Y Reactions of Rare Elements Y Chromatography Y Introduction to Chromatography Y Introduction to Paper
Chromatography Y Inorganic Preparations Y Various Inorganic Preparations Y Volumetric Analysis Y Titrations Y Conditions for Volumetric
Analysis Y Terms Involved in Volumetric Analysis Y Apparatus Used in Volumetric Analysis Y Acidimetry-Alkalimetry Y Indicators Y Theories of
Acid-Basse Indicators Y Choice of Acid-Base Indicators in Titrations Y Oxidation-Reduction Titrations Y Titrations Involving Potassium

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Permanganate Y Standardisation of KMnO4 Solution Y Estimation of Calcium-Direct Method Y Estimation of Sodium Nitrite Y Application of External
Indicator Y Application of Internal Indicator Y Titration Involving KClO3 Y Cerimetric Titrations Y Iodimetry and Iodometry Y Standardisation of Iodine
solution Y Iodometry Y Titrations Involing Persulphate Y Titrations Involving Potassium Ferrocyanide Y Estimation of Zinc Y Silver Nitrate Titrations
Y Types of Silver Nitrate Titrations Y Mohr’s Method Y Volhard’s Methods Y Fajan’s Method or Adsorption Indicator Method Y Complexometry: EDTA
Titrations Y Reactions and Properties of EDTA Y Types of EDTA Titrations Y Metallochromic Indicators Y Standard EDTA Solution Y Gravimetric
Analysis (Introductory) Y Gravimetric Apparatus Y Experimental Technique of Gravimetric Analysis Y Single Gravimetric Estimations Y
Estimation of Silver as Silver Chloride Y Estimation of Chloride as Silver Chloride in a given solution Y Estimation of Sulphate as Barium Sulphate in a
given Solution Y Estimation of Barium as Barium Sulphate in the given Solution of Barium Chloride Y Estimation of Barium as Barium Chromate Y
Estimation of Lead as Chromate in a Given Solution Y Estimation of Lead as lead Sulphate in the Given Solution Y Estimation of Copper as Cuprous
Thiocyanate in the Given Solution Y Estimation of Aluminium as Aluminium Oxide Y Estimation of Nickel as Nickel Dimethyl Glyoximate in the Given
Solution Y Estimation of Zinc as Zinc Ammonium Phosphate in the Given Solution Y Estimation of Magnesium as Magnesium ammonium phosphate Y
Estimation of Magnesium as Magnesium Pyrophosphate Y Estimation of Magnesium as Magnesium Oxinate Y Estimation of Iron as Ferric Oxide Y
Estimation of Calcium as Calcium Oxide Y Estimation of Calcium as Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Y Estimation of Calcium as Calcium Carbonate Y
Gravimetric Estimations of Two Constituents when Present Together Y Gravimetric Estimations of Three Constituents when Present
Together Y Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Alloys & other Materials Y Analysis of Pyrolusite Y Analysis of Galena Y Analysis of Monazite Y Analysis
of Chrome-iron ore Y Analysis of brass Y Analysis of type metal and solder Y Analysis of bronze Y Analysis of manganese bronze Y Analysis of gun
metal Y Analysis of phosphor bronze Y Analysis of German silver Y Analysis of dolomite Y Analysis of silver coins Y Analysis of nickel coin Y Estimation
of Available Chlorine in Bleaching Powder Y Estimation of Available Oxygen in Hydrogen Peroxide Y Determination of Phosphoric Acid in
Commercial Phosphoric Acid Y Determination of Boric Acid and Borax Y Estimate the Amount of Copper Present in the Given Cupro-nickel Alloy
Solution Y Estimate the Amount of Iron Present in the Given Iron (Haematite) Ore Solution Y Estimate the Amount of Nickel Present in the Given
Cupro-nickel Alloy Solution Y Analysis of Monel Metal Y Determination of Magnetic Susceptibility and magnetic Moment Y Application of
Conductance Measurements Y Potentiometric Titrations Y Colorimetry Y Flame Photometry Y pH Metry Y Appendix.

In Press Advanced Inorganic Chemistry –Gurdeep Raj

Y Stereochemistry and Bonding in Main Group Compounds Y Metal-Liquid Equilibria in Solution Y Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes
Y Metal-Ligand Bonding Y Electronic Spectra and Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes Y Metal π-Complexes Y Vibrational Spectra of
Metal Carbonyls Y Metal Carbonyls Y Metal Nitrosyls Y Carbonyl Hydrides and Carbonylate and Cations Y Carbonyl Halides Y Di-nitrogen Complexes
Y Complexes of Dioxygen Y Tertiary Phosphine as Ligand Y Metal Clusters Y Higher Boranes Y Anionic Boron Hydrides (Hydroborates Ions)

Y Carboranes Y Metallaboranes Y Metallocarboranes Y Metal Carbonyl Clusters Y Metal Carbonyl Halide Clusters Y Multiple Metal-Metal Bonds

Y Isopoly and Heteropoly Acids and Their Salts Y Concepts in Solid State Chemistry Y Metallic Bonds and Theories of Semi-conductors and Insulators

Y Inorganic Photochemistry Y Bioinorganic Chemistry Y Supramolecular Chemistry Y Role of Metal Complexes in Biological Systems Y Inorganic

Medicinal Compounds Y Applications of Physical Methods of Elucidating Molecular Structure of Inorganic Compounds Y Organometallic Compounds
Y Heterogeneous Catalysis By Organometallic Compounds Y Insertion Reactions Y Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination Reactions

Y Stereochemically Non-rigid and Fluxional Molecules Y Tolman Rules Y Reppe Synthesis Y Homogeneous Catalysis by Organometallic Compounds

Y Environmental Chemistry Y Toxicology of Heavy Elements Y Noise Pollution Y Marine Pollution Y Radiation Pollution and Nuclear Waste Pollution

Y Thermal Pollution Y Soil and Agriculture Pollution.

Y Chromatography Y Separation Y Na ture of the sep a ra tion pro cess Y Clas si fi ca tion of sep a ra tion meth ods Y Ba sic sep a ra tion meth ods
Y Chro ma tog ra phy Y Def i ni tion Y Clas si fi ca tion in chro ma tog ra phy Y Ad sorp tion and par ti tion chro ma tog ra phy Y Par ti tion of a
com po nent be tween phases Y Ex clu sion chro ma tog ra phy Y Ion ex change chro ma tog ra phy Y Cat ion exchangers Y An ion exchangers
Y Com mon func tional groups on ion exchangers Y Sol vent Ex trac tion Meth ods in Anal y sis Y The dis tri bu tion law Y Extration

pro cess Y Liq uid liq uid extration Y Extractants Y Fac tors af fect ing ex trac tion Y Tech nique for sol vent ex trac tion Y Com ple tion of anal y sis
Y Quan ti ta tive treatement of sol vent ex trac tion equi lib ria Y Clas si fi ca tion of sol vent ex trac tion sys tems Y Types of ex trac tion sys tems Y

Types of in or ganic ex trac tion sys tems Y Tran si tion of a sub stance from an aque ous phase into an or ganic phase Y Ad van tages of sol vent

6
extraction Y Applications of liquid extraction Y Solvent extraction methods in metallurgy Y Solid liquid extraction Y Coun ter Cur rent Ex trac tion
Y Stepwise coun ter cur rent sep a ra tion Y De scrip tion of Craig’s tech nique Y Der i va tion of dis tri bu tion cur rent Y Ap pli ca tions of Craig’s

tech nique Y Con tin u ous coun ter cur rent sep a ra tion Y Gen eral the ory of chro mato graphic pro cesses Y Lim i ta tions of plate the ory Y
Liq uid-Liq uid Chromatography Y Pumps Y Columns Y Column preparation for LLC Y Selection of solid support foe LLC Y Selection of liquid liquid
systems Y Performance of LLC systems Y Gradient elution Y Detectors Y Various forms of liquid chromatography — Liquid solid chromatography (LSC)
Y Liquid liquid chromatography (LLC) Y Combined LSC and LLC Y Molecular sieves and gel permeation chromatography Y Exclusion chromatography

(Gel chromatography) Y Affinity chromatography Y Ion exchange chromatography Y Recycling chromatography Y Ion pair chromatography (IPC) Y
Non-column liquid chromatographic techniques — Thin layer chromatography (TLC) Y Paper chromatography Y General concepts Y Fundamental
concepts Y Chromatographic development Y Some applications of LLC Y Adsorption (Column) Chromatography Y General procedure of
adsorption column chromatography Y Adsorbent Y Solvent (Eluting agent, Mobile phase) Y The column Y The theory of development Y Factors affecting
column efficiency Y Applications of column chromatography Y Separation of methylene blue and fluorescein by column chromatography Y Partition
Chromatography Y Advantages and limitations of adsorption Y Advantages and limitations of partition Y Stationary phase Y Impregenating the
support Y Mobile phase (eluting agent) Y Procedure Y Detection of column effluent Y Theory of partition chromatography Y Method of detection and
analysis of components Y Applications Y Ion Exchange Chromatography Y Ion exchange resins Y Cation exchange resins Y Anion exchange resins Y
Batch operation with an ion exchange resin ion Y Column operation with an ion exchange resin Y New ion exchangers Y Types of ionisable groups Y Ion
chromatography Y Properties of ion exchange resins Y Basic requirements of useful resin Y Ion exchange equilibrium Y Basis for separations Y Separation of
organic mixtures Y Applications of ion exchange resins Y Ion exchange chromatography Y Techniques of ion exchange chromatography Y Separation factor
Y Factors affecting separation factor Y Packing of the column Y Analysis of the elute Y Radio- isotopes in ion exchange chromatography Y Applications of ion

exchange chromatography Y Gel Permeation or Gel Chromatography Y Techniques ix gel chromatography Y Column Y Gel preparation Y Packing of
the column Y Application of the sample Y Theory of gel chromatography Y Applications of gel chromatography Y Salting out chromatography Y Ion Pair
Chromatography Y Principles for ion pair extraction Y Classification of ion pair liquid chromatography Y retention Y Selectivity Y Bonded phase
chromatography (BPC) Y Choice of mode of separation Y Applications of ion pair chromatography Y Gas Chromatography Y Technique of gas liquid
chromatography Y Apparatus for gas liquid chromatography Y Carrier gas Y The injection port Y Columns Y The solid inert support Y The stationary
liquid phase Y Column thermostatting Y Detectors Y Thermal conductivity detectors Y Flame ionisation detectors Y Flame photometric detectors Y
Electron capture detector Y Duat detection Y Separation procedure Y Theory and principle of gas liquid chromatography Y Factors affecting
separation Y Temperature programming Y Applications of gas liquid chromatography Y Gas liquid chromatography with selective detectors Y
Miscellaneous applications Y Separation of amino acids by gas chromatography Y To determine the effect of some parameters on the separation of a
hydrocarbon mixture Y Gas chromatography as a member of a team Y Paper Chromatography Y Sheet methods Y Paper chromatography Y
General procedure of paper chromatography Y Types of paper chromatography Y Principle of paper chromatography Y Techniques of paper
chromatography Y Types of paper Y Modification of the paper Y Preparation of paper Y Preparation of sample Y Choice of solvents Y Theory Y
Location of spots and measurement of RF value Y Sample application Y Apparatus Y Circular paper chromatography Y Precautions in paper
chromatography Y Quantitative estimations Y Applications of paper chromatography Y Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography Y Thin
Layer Chromatography Y Features and applicability of TLC Y Outlines of general procedure of TLC Y Advantages of TLC Y Limitations of TLC Y
Essential requirements for TLC Y TLC is superior to paper and column chromatography Y Basic operations involved in TLC Y Methods for the
production of thin layer on ptantes Y Application of sample on the chromoplates Y Choice of adsorbents Y Choice of solvents Y Detecting reagents Y
Developing chamber Y Development and detection Y Adsorption TLC Y Ion exchange TLC Y Parlition TLC Y Reversed phase partition TLC Y TLC on
polyamides Y TLC on dextran gels Y Thin layer ionophoresis and thin layer electrophoresis Y Applications of thin layer chromatography Y Separation
of vitamins by TLC Y Quantitative TLC Y Preparative TLC Y Reversed phase chromatography Y Electrophoresis and Electro-Chromatography
Y Definition Y Types of etectrophoretic methods Y Free solution electrophoresis Y The Tiselius method Y Moving boundary electrophoresis Y Density

gradient electrophoresis Y Zone electrophoresis or electrochromatography Y Types of supporting or stabilizing medium Y Paper electrophoresis Y Paper
used Y Electrodes Y Source of curcent Y Location of components Y Requirements of electrophoretic chambers Y Problems in electrophoresis Y
Applications of electrochromatography Y Separation of serum proteins by paper electrophoresis Y Separation of inorganic substances Y
Immunoelectrophoresis Y Preparative electrophoresis Y Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate Y Electrophoresis in gels Y Electrophoresis in powders Y
High Pressure (or Performance) Liquid Chromatography Y High performance liquid chromatography Y Mode of chromatography Y Principle and
apparatus for HPLC Y Solvent delivery system Y Pumps Y Sample injection system Y The column Y Column packing materials Y Column packing Y Choice
of supporitng materials for a separation Y TLC and HPLC Y Detectors Y Characteristics of detector Y Some detectors used in HPLC Y Performance Y Method
Y Identification of solute peaks Y Quantitative HPLC Y Accuracy and precision of HPLC Y Materials Y Advantages of HPLC Y Effect of temperature in HPLC

Y Derivatisation in HPLC Y Trace analysis in HPLC Y Preparative HPLC Y Important applications of HPLC — In-organic chemistry Y Forensic chemistry Y

Natural and synthetic pharmaceutical drugs Y Steroids Y Lipids Y Alkaloids Y Amino acids and proteins Y Carbohydrates Y Nucleic acids Y Preservatives and
antioxidants Y Vitamins Y Coal and oil products Y Environmental pollutants Y Pesticides Y Radiochromatography.

7
 302–02 (B) Advanced Organic Chemistry –Aditi Singhal

Y Electronic Structure and Bonding Y The Struc ture of an Atom Y Chem i cal Bond ing Y Electronic Structure of Molecules: Lewis Struc tures
Y Atomic Orbitals Y Lo cal ized Co va lent Bond ing Y Hy brid iza tion Y Bond Length, Bond An gle and Bond En er gies Y Electronegativity Y
Dipole Moment Y Inductive and Field Effects Y Mesomeric (Conjugative) Effects Y Delocalized Chemical Bonding and Aromaticity Y Resonance
(Delocalized Chemical Bonding) Y Steric Inhibition of Resonance Y Conjugation Y Hyperconjugation Y Cross-Conjugation Y Aromaticity Y Modern
Theories of Structure of Benzene Y Criteria for Aromaticity Y Hückel Molecular Orbital Theory (HMO Theory) Y Perturbation Theory or Perturbation
Molecular Orbital (PMO) Theory Y Aromatic Compounds Y Antiaromatic Compounds Y PMO Approach for Aromatici ty Y Alternate and Non-alternate
Hydrocarbons Y Annulenes Y Aromatic Ions Y Heteroaromatic Sys tems Y Benzenoid Ar o matic Com pounds Y Non-Benzenoid Ar o matic
Com pounds Y Antiaromaticity Y Homoaromaticity Y Meso-ionic C o m p o u n d Y Fullerenes Y Tautomerism Y Bonds Weaker than
Covalent Y Hydrogen Bond Y Addition Compounds Y Stereochemistry Y Isomerism Y En an tio mers and Chirality Y El e ments of Sym me try
and Chirality Y Op ti cal Ac tiv ity Y Rep re sen ta tion of Three Di men sional Mol e cules Y Superimposibility of a Mol e cule on its Mir ror Im age Y
Rep re sen ta tion of Two Carbon Systems Y Interconversions of Projection Formula Y Absolute and Relative Configuration Y Nomenclature of
Enantiomers Y Comparison between D, L and R, S Nomenclature Y Properties of Enantiomers Y Molecules with more than one Stereogenic Centres
Y Erythro and Threo Nomenclature Y Meso Compounds Y Properties of Diastereomers Y Racemic Mixture Y Racemization Y Enantiomeric Excess and
Optical Purity Y Resolution of Racemic Mixtures Y Stereospecific and Stereoselective Reactions Y Concept of Prostereoisomerism Y Asymmetric Synthesis
Y Absolute Asymmetric Syn the sis Y Op ti cal Ac tiv ity in the Ab sence of a Chiral Car bon Y Op ti cal Ac tiv ity due to Helicity Y Stereochemistry of
Nitrogen Compounds Y Stereochemistry of Phosphorus Compounds Y Stereochemistry of Sulfur Compounds Y Geometrical Isomerism Y
Conformational Analysis Y Conformations of Acyclic Systems Y Conformations of Cycloalkanes Y Conformations of Sugars Y Conformations of Fused
Rings: Decalins Y Conformations of other Ring Systems Y Steric Strain due to Un avoidable Crowding Y Effect of Conformation on Reactivity Y
Reaction Mechanism: Structure and Reactivity Y Types of Mechanisms Y Types of Reactions Y Thermodynamic Requirements for Reaction Y
Kinetic Requirements for Reaction Y Thermodynamic Versus Kinetic Control of Reactions Y Characterizing Transition States: The Hammond Postulate Y
The Curtin Hammett Principle Y Quantitative Treatment of the Effect of Structure on Reactivity Y Methods of Determination of Reaction Mechanism Y
Kinetic Isotope Effects Y Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) or Hard and Soft Electrophiles and Nucleophiles Y Reaction Intermediates Y Aliphatic
Nucleophilic Substitution Y SN1 Mechanism (Substitution Nucleophilic Unimolecular) Y SN2 Mechanism (Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular)
Y Neighbouring Group Participation Y SN1 Mechanism Y Mixed SN1 and SN2 Mechanism Y SET Mechanism Y Factors Affecting Reactivity in Nucleophilic

Substitution Reactions Y Nucleophilic Substitution at an Allylic Carbon Y Nucleophilic Substitution at an Aliphatic Trigonal Carbon Y Nucleophilic
Substitution at a Vinylic Carbon Y Phase Transfer Catalysis and Ultrasound Y Ambident Nucleophiles, Regioselectivity Y Ambident Substrates
Y Esterification and Ester Hydrolysis Y Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution Y Unimolecular Mechanism (SE1) (Substitution Electrophilic Unimolecular)

Y Bimolecular Mechanism (SE2 and SE1) Y Electrophilic Substitution Accompanied by Double Bond Shifts Y Factors Affecting Reactivity in Aliphatic
Electrophilic Substitution Y Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones Y Halogenation of Carboxylic Acids and Acyl halides Y Halogenation of
Sulfoxides and Sulfones Y Aliphatic Diazonium Coupling Y Diazo Transfer Reaction Y Nitrosation at Carbon (C-Nitrosation) Y Nitrosation at Nitrogen
(N-Nitrosation) Y Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Y Arenium Ion Mechanism Y Nitration Y Sulfonation Y Halogenation Y Friedel-Crafts
Reaction Y Orientation and Reactivity in Monosubstituted Benzene Y The Ortho-Para Ratio Y Orientation in Benzene Rings with more than one
Substituent Y Orientation in other Ring Systems Y IPSO Attack Y A Quantitative Treatment of Reactivity Y Some Important Name Reactions Involving
Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Mechanism Y Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Y ArSN1 Reaction (Aromatic Substitution Nucleophilic
Unimolecular) Y ArSN 2 Reaction (Aromatic Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular) or SNAr Reaction Y The Benzyne Mechanism Y SRN1 Mechanism Y
Factors Affecting Reactivity in Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Y Some Important Name Reactions Involving Nucleophilic Substitution Mechanism Y
Free Radical Reactions Y Types of Free Radical Reactions Y Free Radical Mechanism Y Free Radical Substitution Mechanism Y Free Radical
Mechanism at an Aromatic Substrate Y Neighbouring Group Assistance in Free Radical Reactions Y Reactivity Y Allylic Halogenation Y Oxidation of
Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids Y Autoxidation Y Formation of Cyclic Ethers Y Coupling of Alkynes Y Arylation of Aromatic Compounds by Diazonium Salts
Y Hunsdiecker Reaction Y Chloro Sulfonation (Reed Reaction) Y Free Radical Rearrangement Y Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds
Y Electrophilic Addition to Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Y Orientation and Regioselectivity Y Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions Y Addition of
Hydrogen Halides: Markovnikov's Rule Y Rearrangements in Ionic Electrophilic Addition Reactions Y Addition of Bromine and Chlorine to Alkenes
Y Acid Catalysed Hydration Y Oxymercuration-Demercuration Y Hydroboration Y Catalytic Hydrogenation Y Hydroxylation of Alkenes
Y Epoxidation of Alkenes Y Nucleophilic Addition Y Free Radical Addition Y Ad di tion to Cyclopropane Ring Y Hydrogenation of Aromatic Rings

Y Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds Y Mechanism and Reactivity Y Aldol Reaction Y Robinson Annulation Reaction Y Knoevenagel

8
Reaction Y Perkin Reaction Y Stobbe Condensation Y Mannich Reaction Y Benzoin Condensation Y Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds by Metal
Hydrides Y Nucleophilic Addition Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds with Grignard Reagents Y Addition of Organolithium Reagents to Carbonyl
Compounds Y Addition of Organozinc Reagents to Carbonyl Compounds Y Reformatsky Reaction Y Wittig Reaction Y Claisen Ester Condensation
Y Dieckmann Condensation Y Elimination Reactions Y The E2 (Elimination Bimolecular) Reaction Y The E1 (Elimination Unimolecular) Reaction Y

E1cB Reaction Y Comparison between E1, E2 and E1cB Reactions Y Pyrolytic SYN-Elimination or Ei Elimination (Elimination Internal) Y Dehydration
of Alcohols Y Dehalogenation of Vicinal Dihalides Y Peterson Reaction Y Pericyclic Reactions Y Types of Pericyclic Reactions Y Stereochemistry of
Pericyclic Re ac tions Y Theoreti cal basis of Pericyclic Reactions Y Symmetry in Linear Con ju gated π-Sys tems Y Symmetry in Allyl and
2,4-Pentadienyl Systems Y Frontier Molecular Orbital Approach Y Excited States Y Hückel-Mobius (H-M) Method (PMO Method) Y Electrocyclic
Reactions: FMO Method Y Cycloaddition Re ac tions Y 1, 3-Dipolar Cycloadditions Y |2 + 2| Ad di tion of Ke tenes Y Chelotropic Reactions Y
Sigmatropic Rearrangement Y Other Sigmatropic Rearrangements Y Hückel-Mobius Method in Sigmatropic Rearrangements Y Modified and
Degenerate Cope Rearrangement and Fluxional Molecules Y Group Transfer Reactions.

279–45 Organic Chemistry Natural Products – Vol. I –O. P. Agarwal

Y Carbohydrates Y Nomenclature and Classification Y General Reactions of Monosaccharides Y Some Interconversions and Ascending and
Descending in Monosaccharides Y Configuration of Monosaccharides Y Ring Structure of Aldoses (Glucose) Y Conventions for Indicating Ring size of
Monosaccharides Y Determination of the Size of the Ring Y Ring Structure of Ketoses (Fructose) Y Projection Formulas for Monosaccharides Y
Configuration at the Anomeric Centre Y Relationshiop Between Configuration and Molecular Rotation Y Conformations of Monosaccharides Y Some
Important Monosaccharides Y Glycosides Y Introduction Y Natural Glyucosides Y Determination of Structure of glycosides Y Disaccharides Y
Determination of the Structure of Disaacharides Y Trisaccharides Y Tetrasaccharides (Stachyose) Y Polysaccharides Nomenclature Structure of
Polysaccharides Y Lignin and Pectin Y Lignin Y Pectin or Pectic Substances Y Metabolism of Carbohydrates Y Storage of Carbohydrates Y Oxidartion Y
Amino Acids and Proteins Y Classification of Amino acids Y Synthesis of Amino acids Y General Physical Properties of Amino acids Y Chemical
properties of Amino acids Y Polypeptides Y Synthesis of Polypeptides Y General Principles of Polypeptide Synthesis Y General Methods of Polypeptides
Synthesis Y General Synthesis of Naturally Occuring Peptides Y Naming a Polypeptide Y Structure of Polypeptides Y Amino-end Degradation Y
Carboxyl-end Degradation Y Proteins Y Characteristics of Proteins Y Uses of Proteins Y Classification of Proteins Y Composition of Proteins Y Structure of
Proteins Y Primary Structure Y Secondary Structure Y Teritary Structure Y Quatermary Structure Y Alkaloids Y Oc cur rence Y Func tions of Al ka loids
Y No men cla ture Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Iso la tion Y Prop er ties Y De ter mi na tion of Mo lec u lar Struc ture of Al ka loids Y Phenylethylamine Al ka loids Y
Pyridine or Piperidine Alkaloids Y Pyridine-Pyrrolidine Alkaloids Y Tropane Alkaloids Y Quinoline Al ka loids Y Isoquinoline Al ka loids Y
Phenanthrene Al ka loids Y Indole Al ka loids Y Tropolone Alakaloids Y Terpenoids Y Occurence Y Iso la tion Y Classi fi cation Y Gen eral
Char ac ter is tics of Terpenoids Y Structural Features of Terpenoids of Isoprene Rule Y De ter mi na tion of Struc ture of Terpenoids Y
Hemiterpenoids Y Monoterpenoids or Terpenes Y Acy clic Monoterpenoids Y Cyclization Re ac tions of Acy clic Monoterpenoids Y Monocyclic
Monoterpoenoids Y Bicyclic Monoterpenoids Y Sesquiterpenoids Y Acycyilc Sesquiterpenoids Y Monocyclic Sesquiterpenoids Y Monocylic
Sesquiterpenoids Y Bicyclic Sesquiterpenoids Y Tricyclic Sesquiterpenoids Y Diterpenoids Y Triterpenoids Y Polynuclear Ar o matic
Hy dro car bons Y Iso lated Sys tem or Polyphenyl com pounds Y Con densed Ring Sys tem Y Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons Y Cancer Y Discovery
of Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons Y Car ci no genic Ac tiv ity and Struc ture Y Can cer Che mo ther apy Y Nat u ral Dyes Y Dye ing Y Indigotin Y
Aliz a rin Y Pur ines Y Syn the sis of Pur ines Y Classi fi cation of Pur ines Y Uric acid Y Xanthine Y Caf feine Y Theobromine Y Theophylline Y
Hypoxanthine Y Re la tion ship Be tween Uric acid and Xanthine Bases Y Pe tro leum Y Crack ing Y Thermnal Crack ing Y Cat a lytic Crack ing Y
Re form ing Y Prop er ties of Mo tor and Avi a tion Fu els Y Pet ro chem i cals Y Raw Ma te ri als for Pet ro chem i cals Y Pro duc tion of Pet ro chem i cals
from Olefins and Acet y lene Y Pro duc tion of Pet ro chem i cals from Al kanes and Cycloalkanes Y Pro duc tion of Pet ro chem i cals from Ar o matic
Hy dro car bons Y Syn thetic Petrol Y Bergius process Y Fisher-Tropsch Pro cess.

280–43 Organic Chemistry Natural Products – Vol. II –O. P. Agarwal

Y Vitamins Y Discovery Y Classification and nomenclature of vitamins Y Provitamins of Precursors Y Biological Function (Physiological Function) of the
Vitamins Y Axerophthol; Vitamin A1, Vitamin A or Retinol Y Vitamin A 2, or 3-Dehydroretinol Y Vitamin B complex Y Vitamin C or L-Ascorbic acid
(Cevitamin, Hexuronic acid or Antiscorbutic factor) Y Vttamin D Y Vitamin E (Tocopherols) Y Vitamin K Y Vitamin P(Citrin) Y Antivitamins Y
Antibiotics Y The Penicillins Y Cephalosporin C Y Streptomycin Y Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) Y Tetracyclines Y Natural Pigments Y
Classification Y Carotenoids Y Isolation and separation of carotenoids Y General properties of carotenoids Y Principal methods in elucidating the
constitution of carotenoids Y Functions of carotenoids Y Classification of carotenoids Y Anthocyanins; Introduction Y lsolation of anthyocyanins

9
Y Determination of the structure of anthocyanins Y General methods for the synthesis of anthocyanidins Y Functions of the anthocyanins Y
Leucoanthocyanidins and Lucoanthyocanins Y Colour of the anthocyanins Y Flavones and Flavones and Flavonols : Introduction Y Isolation Y General
properties Y Basic structure of flavones and flavonols Y General methods for determination of the structure of flavones taking flavone as an example Y
Determination of the structure of flavonols Quercetin Y Structural relationship between flavonols (quercetin), anthocyanidins (cyanidin chloride) and
catechins Y Biogenetic relationship between flavonols, anthocyanidins and cathechins Y Isoflavones Y Xanthones Y Structural relation between
(Dihydroflavone) isoflavonol, flavonol and xanthone Y Quinone pigments Y Pyrrole pigments : Introduction Y Porphyrins Y General properties of
porphyrins Y Determination of the structure of porphyrin Y General methods for synthesising prophyrins Y Isomerism in porphyrins Y Relation between
chlorophyll and haemin Y Steroids and Hormones Y Steroids : Introduction Y Diel’s Hydrocarbon Y Sterols Y Bile-acids: lntroduction Y
Cardio-active principles Y Toad poisons Y Saponins Y Steroid alkaloids Y Hormones Y Classification Y Sex hormones Y Adrenol cortical hormones Y
Non-steroid hormones Y Plant hormones Y Lipids Y Simple lipids Y Componud lipids Y Purines, Pyrimidines and Nucleic Acids Y Purines Y
Pyrimidines Y Nucleic acids : Introudctioin Y Isolation of nucleic acids Y Structure of nucleic acids Y Functions of nucleic acids Y Genetic code Y Difference
between DNA md RNA Y Viruses Y Enzymes, Co-enzymes and Fermentation Y Nomenclature and classification of enzymes Y Properties of enzymes
Y Chemical nature of the enzymes Y Mechanism of enzyme action Y Synthetic approach of enzyme Y Fementation Y Biosynthesis of Some Natural

Products Y Biosynthesis of carbohydrates or Photosynthesis Y Biosynthesis of lipids Y Biosynthesis of amino acids Y Biosynthesis of Terpenoids Y
Biosynthesis of steroids Y Biosynthesis of other isoprenoid units Y Biosynthesis of alkaloids Y Biosynthesis of nucleic acids Y Chemical Tests of some
Group of Natural Products Y Car bo hy drates Y α −Amino Ac ids Y Flavonoids Y Vi ta min A Y Ste roids.

281–53 Organic Chemistry Reactions & Reagents –O. P. Agarwal

Y Atomic Structure Y Shells, Sub-shells and Orbitals Y Quantum Numbers Y Shapes of Atomic Orbitals Y Distribution of Electrons Y Wave Nature of
Electron Y The Covalent Bond Y Types of Bonds Y Theories of Covalent Bond Formation Y Sigma (σ) and Pi ( π) Bonds Y Characteristics of a Covalent
Bond Y Electronic Displacements in Covalent bond Y Inductive Effect Y Inductometric (Inductomeric) Effect Y Mesomeric and Resonance Effect Y
Electromeric Effect Y Resonance Y Hyperconjugation Y Tautomerism Y Introduction Y Classification Y Open system of tautomerism Y Dyad system Y
Ring-chain tautomerism Y Valence tautomerism Y Hydrogen Bonding Y Types of Hydrogen Bonding Y Effect of Hydrogen Bonding Y Hydrogen
Bonding in Biological System Y Properties of Hydrogen Bonds Y The Nature of Hydrogen Bonding Y Stereochemistry Y The Tetrahedral Carbon Y
Types of Stereoisomerism Y Optical isomerism Y Cause of optical activity (chirality) in the molecule Y Optical activity is a property of asymmetric (chiral)
molecule Y Optical isomerism due to chiral carbon atom Y Optical isomerism in compounds containing no chiral carbon atom Y Racemic modification Y
Properties of racemic modification Y Resolution or Separation of racemic modification Y Asymmetric synthesis (Asymmetric induction) Y Stereochemical
synthesis Y Stereochemistry and reaction mechanism Y Configuration Y Synthesis of optically active compounds Y Geometrical isomerism Y Geometrical
isomerism due to C = C bond Y Further nomenclature of geometrical isomers Y Determination of configuration of geometrical isomers Y Intercomversion
(stereomutation) of geometrical isomers Y Stereochemistry of cycloparaffins Y Optical isomerism in nitrogen compounds Y Geometrical isomerism in
nitrogen compounds Y Stereochemistry of Sulphur Y Stereochemistry of Phosphorus Y Stereochemistry of Arsenic Compounds Y Alicyclic
Compounds Y Nomenclature Y Classification Y Synthesis of alicyclic compounds Y General Properties Y Baeyer strain theory Y Limitation of Baeyer
strain theory Or More recent views on the strain theory (Puckered or strainless rings) Y Evidence in favour of strainless or puckered theory Y Relative
stability of cycloalkanes in terms of M.O. theory or orbital picture of angle strain Y Medium ring compounds Y Large ring compounds (Macrocyclic
compounds) Y Natural compounds with large rings Y Biosynthesis of civetone and muscone Y Conformational Analysis Y Conformation Y
Conformations of cyclohexane Y Conformations of fused ring compounds Y Conformations of other ring systems Y Conformations and chemical
reactivity of Y Pericyclic Reactions Y Mechanism and stereochemistry of pericyclic reactions Y Types of pericyclic reactions Y (4 + 2) Cycloadditions Y
(2 + 2) Cycloadditions Y Electrocyclic reactions Y Explanation of Woodward-Hoffmann rule and orbital symmetry Y Sigmatropic rearrangement Y Steric
Effects in Organic Chemistry Y Steric effects in substitution reactions in aliphatic compounds Y Steric effects in substitution reactions in aromatic
compounds Y Steric effects in elimination reactions Y Steric effects in addition reactions Y Steric inhibition of resonance Y General Aspects Y Types of
organic reactions Y Classifications of reagents Y Mechanism of organic reactions Y Reaction intermediates Y Energetics of organic reactions Y Acids and
bases Y Strength of acids and bases Y Free-Radical Reactions Y Stable free-radicals or free-redicals of long-life Y Short-lived or transient free-radicals Y
Configuration of free radicals Y Detection of free radicals Y Mechanism of free radical reactions Y Applications of free radicals Y Biradicals Y Metal Ketyls Y
Addition Reactions (Unsaturation and Conjugation) Y Compounds containing only one unsaturated centre Y Compounds containing more than
one unsaturated centre Y Elimination Reactions Y Mechanism of β − elimination Y Mechanism of α − elimination Y E 2 vs E1 Y Elimination vs
Substitution Y Substitution or Displacement Reactions Y Nucleophilic substitution in aliphatic system Y The S Mechanism Y The S
N2 N1
Mechanism Y Stereochemistry of S N reactions Y Factors influencing the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions Y Distinction between S 2
N
and S 1 reactions Y Nucleophilic substitution with compete retention of configuration Y Neighbouring group participation and retention of configuration
N
Y Electrophilic substitution reactions in aliphatic system Y Aromatic substitution Y Electrophilic aromatic substitution Y Substitution in the

10
monosubstituted benzenes Y Orienting influence on the basis of electronic theory Y Theory of reactivity and orientation based on carbocation
(σ − Complex) stability Y Theory of orientation and carbocation stability Y Energy diagram for electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions Y Ortho-para
ratio Y Electrophilic substitution in other aromatic species Y Nucleophilic aromatic substitution Y Free-radical aromatic substitution Y Molecular
Rearrangements Y Rearrangements to electron deficient atoms (Nucleophilic rearrangements) Y Rearrangements to electron rich atom (Electrophilic
rearrangements) Y Rearrangements (migration) to free radical species (Free-radical rearrangements) Y Aromatic rearrangements Y Esterification and
Hydrolysis Y Definition Y Mechanism Y Transesterfication or ester interchange Y Steric hinderance in esterification and hydrolysis Y Benzenoid and
Non-Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds Y Structure of benzene Y Concept of aromatic character (Aromaticity) Y Antiaromaticity Y Aromaticity and
nuclear magnetic resonance Y Non-Benzenoid aromatic compounds Y Comparison of reactivities of aromatic system Y Heterocylic Compounds Y
Classification and nomenclature Y Importance of heterocyclic compounds Y Five-membered rings containing one hetero-atom Y Benzo-condensed
pyrroles, furans and thiophenes Y Six-membered rings containing one nitrogen atom Y Six-membered rings with one oxygen atom Y Benzo condensed
pyridines and pyrones Y Five-memberd rings containing two hetero atoms (Azoles) Y Six-membered rings containing two hetero atoms (Azines) Y Some
Reactions of Synthetic Importance Y Aldol Condensation Y Arndt Eistert Synthesis Y Baeyer-Villiger Reaction Y Bischler-Napieralski Synthesis Y
Cannizzaro Reaction Y Claisen Condensation Y Claisen-Schmidt or Claisen Reaction Y Dakin Reaction Y Darzen Condensation Y Dicekmann Reaction Y
Diel’s-Alder Reaction, Diene Synthesis Y Elbs Persulphate Oxidation Y Fischer-Indole Synthesis Y Fittig Reaction Y Friedal Craft Reactions Y
Knoevenagel Reaction Y Leuckart Reaction Y Mannich Reaction Y Meerwein Ponndorf-Verley Reduction Y Michael Reaction Y Oppenauer Oxidation Y
Pechmann Reaction Y Perkin Reaction Y Reformatsky Reaction Y Reimer-Tiemann Reaction Y Sommelet Reaction Y Ullmann Reaction Y Willgerdot
Reaction Y Wittig Reaction Y Wolf-Kishner Reduction Y Some Reagents of Synthetic Importance Y Aluminium isopropoxide Y Aluminium t −
butoxide Y Anhydrous aluminium chloride Y Boron trifluoride Y N-Bromosucinimide (NBS) Y Diazoacetic ester Y Diazomethane Y
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Y Girard reagents Y Lead tetra-acetate Y Liquid ammonia Y Lithium aluminium hydride Y Osmium tetroxide Y Ozone
Y Perbenzoic acid Y Periodic acid Y Platinum and palladium catalysts Y Polyphosphoric acid Y Raney nickel Y Selenium Y Selenium dioxide Y Sodamide
Y Sodium borohydride Y Trifluoroacetic acid Y Synthetic Applications of Acetylenic Compounds Y Metal acetylides Y Carbonation Y Coupling
reactions Y Organometallic and Organofluorine Compounds Y Organolithium compounds Y Organocadmium compounds Y Organoaluminium
compounds Y Organofluorine compounds Y Organic Photochemistry Y The Jabolnski Diagram Y Typical Photo Reactions.

282–15 (B) Synthetic Organic Chemistry –O. P. Agarwal

Y Synthetic Dyes Y Dyestuff Intermediates Y Structural Features of a Dye Y Bathochromic and Hypsochromic Effects Y Nomenclature of Dyes Y Uses of
Dyes Y Classification of Dyes Y Nitro Dyes Y Nitroso Dyes Y Azo Dyes Y Diphenylmethance Dyes Y Triphenylmethane Dyes Y Phathaleins Y Xanthenes Y
Heterocyclic Dyes Y Anthraquinone Dyes Y Indigoids Y Sulphur Dyes Y Phthalocyanines Y Fluorescent Brightening Agents Y Colour and Chemical
Constitution Y Synthetic Drugs Y Characteristics of a Drug Y Some Definition used in Drug Chemistry Y Classification of Drugs Y Mechanism of
Chemotherapeutic Action Y Absorption of Drugs Y Isosterism Y Relation of Chemical Structure and Physiological Activity Y Assay of Drugs Y Metallic
Therapeutics Y Antimalarials Y Sulphonamides, Sulpha Drugs or Antibacterials Y Antibiotics Y Antiprotozoal Agents Y Antifungal Agents Y Anthelmintics
Y Antiseptics Y Antitubercular Drugs Y Anti-Leprotic Drugs Y Anti-Cancer Agents Y Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System Y Drugs Acting on
Peripheral Nervous System Y Chardiovascular drugs Y Diuretics Y Antipyretics and Analgesics Y Antihistamines Y Anticoagulants Y Drugs Used in
Diabetes Y Insecticides Y Inorganic Insecticides Y Natural (Plant) Insecticides Y Synthetic Organic Insecticides Y Synthetic Insecticides Y Fumigants Y
Attractants Y Insect Repellents Y Synthetic Polymers Y Physical Properties of the Polymers Y Types of Polymeri sation Y Copolymers Y

Copolymerisation Y Phase Sys tem for Polymeri sation Y Classi fi cation Y Fibers Y Plastics and Resins Y Syn thetic De ter gents Y An ionic Surface
Ac tive Agents Y Cationic Sur face Ac tive Agents Y Non-Ionic Surface Ac tive agents Y Build ers for De ter gents Y Syn thetic Per fumes Y Ve hi cle or
Sol vent Y Fix a tive Y Odor ous Sub stances Y Ex plo sives Y Classi fi cation Y Ni tro Ex plo sives Y Ni tric Es ters Y Nitramides Y Ni tra mines Y

Guanidine Explosive Y Diazo Compounds.

284–03 (B) Organic Name Reactions and Molecular Rearrangements –Gurdeep Raj

Section–A: Acyloin Condensation Y Alder-Ene Reaction Y Aldol Condensation Y Allylic Rearrangement Y Arbuzov Reaction Y Arndt-Eistert
Homologation Y Azo Coupling Y Baeyer Test for Unsaturation Y Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Y Baker-Venkataraman Rearrangement Y Baltz-Schiemann
Reaction Y Barbier-Wieland Reaction or Barbier-Grignard Reaction Y Bart Reaction Y Barton Decarboxylation Y Barton-Mc Combie Reaction
(Barton Desoxigenation) Y Barton Reaction Y Beckmann Rearrangement Y Benzidine Rearrangement Y Benzilic Acid Rearrangemen t
Y B e n z oi n C o n d e n s a t i o n Y B i r c h R e du c t i o n Y B i s c h l e r - N a p i e r a l s k i S y n t h e si s Y B o u v e a u lt-Blane Reduction Y Brady’s Reagent

11
Y Brown Hydroboration Y Bucherer Reaction Y Cannizzaro's Reaction Y Carbylamine Reaction Y Chichibabin Reaction Y Claisen
Condensation Y Claisen Rearrangement Y Claisen-Schmidt Reaction or Claisen Reaction Y Clemmensen Reduction Y Cope Elimination
Y Cope Rearrangement/(Anionic) Oxy-Cope Rearrangement Y Corey-Bakshi-Shibata Reduction Y Corey-Fuchs Reaction
Y Corey-House Synthesis or Reaction Y Corey-Kim Oxidation Y Corey-Winter Olefin Synthesis Y Criegee Reaction Y Cumene
Hydroperoxide Rearrangement Y Curtius Rearrangement or Curtius Reaction Y Dakin Reaction Y Darzen Condensation Y Diazotisation
Y Diekmann's Reaction or Condensation Y Diels-Alder Reaction Y Dienone-Phenol Rearrangement Y Elbs Persulphate Oxidation Y Elbs
Reaction Y Emde Degradation Y Ene Reaction or Alder-Ena Reaction Y Eschweiler-Clarke Reaction Y Etard Oxidation Y Favorskii Rearrangeent
Y Fehling's Test (Benedict's Test) Y Fischer Indole Synthesis Y Fitting Reaction Y Friedel-Crafts Reaction Y Fries Rearrangement Y Photo-Fries Reaction
Y Gabriel Synthesis Y Gattermann-Koch Synthesis Y Gattermann Reaction or Gattermann's Aldehyde Synthesis Y Gomberg Reaction Y Grignard
Reaction/(Grignard Reagents) Y Haloform Reaction Y Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction (HVZ Reaction) Y Hoesch's Reaction Y Hoffmann
Elimination Y Hoffmann-Loffler-Freytag Reactions Y Hoffmann Martius Rearrangemen t Y Hoffmann Mustard Oil Reaction Y Hoffmann
Reaction, Hoffmann Degradation of Amides or Hoffmann Rearrangement Y Hopkin's Cole Reaction Y Houben-Hoesch Reaction Y Hunsdiecker's
Reaction Y Hydroboration Y Iodoform Reaction or Test Y Knoevenagel Reaction Y Kolbe's Electrolytic Reaction or Method Y Kolbe-Schmidt's
Reaction Y Lederer-Manase Reaction Y Leukart's Reaction Y Liebermann's Nitroso Test, Y Lossen Rearrangement Y Lucas Test Y Malaprade
Reaction Y Malonic Ester Synthesis Y Mannich Reaction Y Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction Y Michael Reaction Y Mulliken's Test
Y Neber Rearrangement Y Nef Reaction Y Nucleophilic Substitution Y Oppenauer Oxidation Y Orton Rearrangement (Rearrangement of
N-Chloroacetanilide, Orton 1909) Y Pechmann Reaction (Simonis Reaction) Y Perkin's Reaction Y Pinacol Coupling Reaction
Y Pinacol-Pinacolone Rearrangement (Pinacol Rearrangement) Y Reformatsky Reaction Y Reimer-Tiemann's Reaction Y Ritter Reaction
Y Robinson Annulation Y Ruff Degradation Y Sabatier-Sanderens Reaction Y Sandmeyer Reaction Y Schmidt Reaction Y Schotten- Baumann
Reaction Y Seytzeff’s Rule Y Shapiro Reaction Y Sharpless Dihydroxylation Y Sharpless Epoxidation Y Skraup's Synthesis Y Smiles
Rearrangement Y Sommelet-Hauser Rearrangement Y Sommelet Reaction Y Stephen's Reaction Y Stobbe Reaction or Condensation Y Stork
Enamine Reaction Y Thorpe-Ziegler's Reaction Y Tischenko's Reaction Y Tollen's Reagent Y Tschugaev Reaction Y Ullmann Reaction Y Vilsmeier's
Reaction Y Von Richter Rearrangement Y Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangements Y Williamson's Reaction or Synthesis Y Wittig-Horner Reaction
/ Horne-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction Y Wittig Reaction Y Wittig Rearrangement Y Wohl Degradation Y Wohl Ziegler Allylic Bromination Y
Wolff-Kishner Reduction Y Wolff Rearrangement Y Wurtz Reaction Y Wurtz-Fittig Reaction Y Zeisel's Method Y Zerewitnoff Method for Active
Hydrogen Y Ziegler's Reaction. Section– B : Aluminium Isopropoxide [(CH 3)2 CHO]3 Al, Y Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisie)
Y N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) D i a z o m e t h a n e , CH 2 = N = N or CH 2 N 2 Y 2,3-Dichloro-5, 6-dicyano -1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ)
Y

Y N,N-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Y Fenton's Reagent (H 2O2 + Fe 2 +) Y Gilman Reagents Y Hydrogen Peroxide, H 2O2 Y Lithium
Aluminium Hydride, Li AlH 4 Y Lead Tetraacetate, (CH 3 COO)4 Pb or Pb (OAc)4 Y Lithium Diisoprophylamide, Y Osmium Tetroxide, Os O4
Y Perbenzoic Acid or Peroxibenzoic Acid, C6 H 3 CO 3 H Y Periodic Acid H 5 IO 6 or H I O 4. 2 H 2O Y Raney Nickel Y Selenium Dioxide, Se O 2
Y Sodium Amide or Sodamide, Na N H 2 Y Sodium Borohydride, N a B H 4 Y Wilkinson's Catalyst, Y Ziegler-Natta Catalysts, Section–C: Multiple

Choice Questions, Answers to Multiple Choice Questions, Y Reasoning Questions Y Problems Based on Organic Name Reactions.

283–31 Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry –O. P. Agarwal

Section–I: Qualitative Analysis Y Systematic Qualitative Analysis of Organic Mixtures Y Separation of Binary Organic Mixture Y
Scheme for the separation of binary mixtures with water Y Scheme for the separation of binary mixtures by organic solvents Y Some typical
examples of the separation of binary mixtures Y Scheme for the separation of water insoluble mixtures Y Scheme for the separation of water soluble
mixtures Y Solubility groups of organic compounds Y Preliminary Investigations Y Physical stage and colour Y Odour Y Ignition Y Ignition on
china porcelain Y Action of 20% sodium hydroixide solution Y Action of hot conc. sulphuric acid Y Reaction with ferric chloride Y Action of
potassium permanganate Y Tests of Elements Y Preparation of Lassaigne’s extract Y Beilstein’s test for halogens Y Soda lime test for nitrogen Y
Detection of Functional Groups Y Carboxylic acids Y Acid anhydrides Y Phenols Y Alcohols Y Carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and Ketones)
YCarbohydrates Y Esters Y Ethers Y Aliphatic primary amines Y Aromatic primary amines Y Aromatic primary diamines Y Aliphatic and aromatic
secondary amines Y Tertiary amines Y Anilides Y Amino acids Y Aliphatic nitro compounds Y Aromatic nitro Compounds Y Nitroanilines Y Amides
and Imides Y Sulphonic acids Y Thioureas Y Sulphonamides Y Hydrocarbons Y Purines Y Alkaloids Y Determination of the Melting and Boiling
Points Y Melting point Y Determination of the melting point Y Mixed melting point Y Boiling point Y Determination of boiling point Y Derivatives and
their Preparations Y Derivatives of carboxyylic acids Y Derivatives of anhydrides Y Derivatives of phenolic hydroxy groups Y Derivatives of alcohols Y
Derivatives of esters Y Derivatives of aldehydes and ketones Y Derivatives of carbohydrates Y Derivatives of primary and secondary amines Y Derivatives
of tertiary amines Y Derivatives of amino acids Y Derivatives of nitro compounds Y Derivatives of amides, imides and anilides Y Derivatives of
N-Substituted amides Y Derivatives of sulphonic acids Y Derivatives of sulphonamides Y Derivatives of hydrocarbons Y List of Organic Compounds

12
and their Derivatives Y Solids Y Phenols Y Alcohols Y Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids Y Satutated Carboxylic Acids Y Acid Anhydrides Y Aliphatic
Hydroxy Acids Y Phenotic Acids Y Aldehydes Y Ketones Y Quinones Y Carbohydrates Y Hydrocarbons Y Aliphatic Primary Amines Y Aromatic
Primary Amines Y Aliphatic Secondary Amines Y Aromatic Secondary Amines Y Aliphatic Tertiary Amines Y Aromatic Tertiary Amines Y Simple
Amides and Imides Y Anilides Y Amino Acids (Aliphatic) Y Aromatic Amino Acids Y Amino Phenols Y Aromatic Nitro Hydrocarbons Y Nitrophenols Y
Nitrocarboxylic Acids Y Nitrocarboxylic amides and Nitro-anilides Y Nitroanilines Y Sulphonic acids Y Substituted Sulphonic Acids Y Thioureas Y
Simple Sulphonamides Y Amino Sulphonic Acids Y Nitro Sulphonic Acids Y Aromatic Chloro Hydrocarbons Y Aromatic Bromo Hydrocarbons Y
Aromatic Iodo Hydrocarbons Y Aliphatic Chloro Hydrocarbons Y Aliphatic Iodo Hydrocarbons Y Halgeno Aldehydes and Halogeno Ketones Y
Halogeno Amines Y Nitro Halogens Y Halogenated Phenols Y Aliphatic Halogeno Acids Y Aromatic Halogeno Acids Y Purines Y Liquids Y Phenols Y
Alcohols Y Aliphatic and Aromatic unsaturated carboxylic acids Y Saturated carboxylic acids Y Aldehydes Y ketones Y Acid anhydrides Y
Hydrocarbons Y Aliphatic primary amines Y Aromatic primary amines Y Aliphatic secondary amines Y Aromatic secondary amines Y Aliphatic tertiary
amines Y Aromatic tertiary amines Y Aromatic nitro hydrocarbons Y Aromatic chloro hydrocarbons Y Ariomatic bromo hydrocarbons Y Aromatic iodo
hydrocarbons Y Halogeno aldehydes Y Halogeno amines Y Nitro halogeno Y Halogeno phenols Y Aliphatic halogeno acids Y Section–II:
Quantitative Analysis Y Quantitative Organic Analysis Y Estimation of nitrogen Y Estimation of sulphur Y Estimation of halogens Y Estimation
of methoxy group Y Estimation of ethoxy group Y Estimation of C-methyl group Y Estimation of O–and N–acety; groups Y Estimation of carbopxyl
group Y Estimation of hydroxyl group Y Estimation of amino group Y Estimation of carbonyl group Y Estimation of unsaturation Y Estimation of
aniline Y Estimation of phenol glycination Y Eq. wt. of an amine Y Estimation of glucose Y Estimation of formaldehyde Y Analysis of oils and fats Y
Determination of molecular weight Y Section–III: Organic Preparations Y Preparations Y Isolation of caffeine from the tea leaves Y Isolation of
casin and lactose from milk Y Preparation of glucose from cane sugar Y Isolation of hippuric acid from urine Y Preparation of cystine from human hair
List of some two Stage PreparationsY List of Some Three Stage Preparations Y Common laboratory Reagents.

301–03 Advanced Natural Products –M.P. Saluja, Raj Kumar & Anuja Agarwal

Y Terpenoids and Carotinoids Y Terpenoids Y Carotinoids Y Alkaloids Y Properties Y Occurrence Y Role of Alkaloids in Plants Y Nomenclature Y
Classification Y Isolation of Alkaloids Y General Methods of Structure Elucidation Y Ephedrine Y Conine Y Nicotine Y Atropine Y Quinine Y
Morphine Y Biosynthesis Y Steroids Y Nomenclature of Steroids Y Classification Y Basic Skeleton Y Stereochemistry Y Diel's Hydrocarbon Y
Bile-Acids Y Cholesterol Y Progesterone Y Testosterone Y Androsterone Y Aldosterone Y Estrone Y Bio-Synthesis of Steroids Y Plant
Pigments Y Classification Y Flavones Y Anthocyanins Y Relationship between Anthocyamins and Flavones Y Biosynthesis of Flavonoids
Y Porphyrins (Pyrrole-Pigments) Y Haemoglobin Y Haemin Y Chlorophyll Y Prostaglandins Y Occurrence Y Isolation Y Nomenclature and
Classification Y Configuration in the Ring and Side Chain Y Biogenesis Y Prostaglandin Catabolism Y Physiological Effects Y Synthesis of P G E 2
and P G E za Y Pyrethroids and Rotenones Y Pyrethroids Y Rotenones.

585–03 Organic Synthesis –M.P. Saluja

YReagents Y Organometallic Reagents Y General Methods of Preparation of Organo Metallic Compounds Y General Characteristics of Organometallic
Compounds Y Organolithium Compounds Y Organomagnesium Compounds Y Organomercury Compounds Y Organic Zinc Compounds Y Organo
Cadmium Compounds Y Organo Boranes Y Organo Silanes Y Sulphur Containing Reagents Y Organometallic Compounds of Transition Metals Y
Organo Copper Reagents Y Organo Palladium Reagents Y Organo Nickel Reagents Y Organo Iron Compounds Y Organo Cobalt Compounds Y Organo
Rhodium Complexes Y Organo Chromium Compounds Y Organotitanium Compounds Y Other Reagents Y Aluminium Isopropoxide
+ +
[(CH 3)2 CHO]3 Al, m.p. 118° Y Aluminium t-Butoxide [(CH 3)3 CO]3 Al Y Diazomethane (I) CH 2 == N == N ↔ CH 2 — N ≡ N Y Diisobutyl
( I)
Aluminium Hydride [DIBAH, DIBAL, DIBA-IH, DIBAL-H] Y Lead Tetra-acetate Pb(OCOCH 3)4 Y Lithium Aluminium Hydride Y Lithium
Diisopropylamide, LDA Y Osmium Tetroxide Y Periodic Acid, H 5IO6 Y Periodates Y Prevost Reagent (Silver Iododibenzoate) Y Selenium Dioxide, SeO2
Y Sodium Borohydride, NaBH 4 Y Woodward Reagent Y Dicyclohexyl Carbodimide (DCC) C6H 11N == C == NC6H 11 Y DDQ (2,
3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinone) Y Oxidation Y Types of Ox i da tive Pro cesses Y Ad di tion of Ox y gen Y Ad di tion of Ox y gen with
Cleav age of C — C bond Y Ad di tion of Oxygen with Simultaneous Elimination of Hydrogen Y Removal of Hydrogen Y Oxidative Coupling
Y Ox i da tion of Hy dro car bons Y Al kanes Y Alkenes Y Ox i da tion of Ar o matic Rings Y Ox i da tion of Ar o matic Side Chains Y Ox i da tive

Cleav age of Alkyl Groups from Rings Y Dakin Re ac tion Y Ox i da tion of Aryl Methanes Y Oxidation of Saturated C — H Groups Y Oxidation of

13
Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones Y Oxidation of Aldehydes Y Oxidation of Ketones Y Oxidation of α–ketols Y Oxidation of Carboxylic Acids
Y Oxidation of Amines Y Oxidation of Hydrazines Y Oxidation of Sulphides (Thioethers) Y Ruthenium Tetroxide RuO4 Y Iodobenzene Diacetate (DIB)

Y Thallium (III) Nitrate (TTN) [Tl (NO3)3] Y Reduction Y Hydrocarbons Y Alkanes Y Alkenes Y Conjugated Alkenes Y Alkynes Y Aromatic Rings
Y Carbonyl Compounds Y Acids and their Derivatives Y Systems Containing Nitrogen Y Hydrogenolysis (Reductive Cleavage) Y Benzylic Systems Y
Allylic Systems Y Alkyl Systems Y Aromatic Systems Y Molecular Rearrangements Y Mechanisms Y Nucleophilic Rearrangements Y Migratory
Aptitudes Y Memory Effects Y Electrophilic Rearrangements Y Free–radical Rearrangements Y (1,2) Rearrangements Y Rearrangement from Carbon to
Electron Deficient Nitrogen Y Rearrangement from Carbon to Electron Deficient Oxygen Y Rearrangement Involving Elimination with Hydrogen Shift Y
Metallocenes, Non-benzenoid Aromatics and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Y Definition Y Synthesis Y Properties Y General
Characteristics and Chemical Reactivity Y Structure and Bonding Y Non Benzenoid Aromatics Y Huckel’s Rule Y Craig’s Rule Y (2π)–Electron Systems
Y (4π)–Electron Systems Y (6π)–Electron System Y (8π)–Electron System Y (10π)–Electron System Y Annulenes Y Non Benzenoid Bicyclic Aromatic
Systems Y Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (Benzenoid Systems) Y Linear Orhto-Fused Polynuclear Hydrocarbons Y Non-Linear Ortho-Fused Polynuclear
Hydrocarbons Y Ortho-and Peri-fused Polynuclear Hydrocarbons Y The Disconnection Approach Y Retrosynthetic Analysis-Planning an Organic
Synthesis or Disconnection Approach Y Definitions Y Synthons and Synthetic Equivalents Y Chossing a Disconnection Y Functional Group
Interconversion (FGI) Y The Importance of the Order of Events in Organic Synthesis Y One Group C — X Disconnections Y Carboxyl Derivatives Y
Alcohols, Ethers, Alkyl Halides, and Sulphides Y Ethers and Sulphides Y Two–Group C — X Disconnections Y 1, 1-Difunctionalised Compounds Y 1,
2-Difunctionalised Compound Y 1, 3-Difunctionalised Compounds Y Chemoselectivity Y Reversal of Polarity (Umpolung) Y Halogenation of Ketones
Y Use of Ditioacetals Y Halogenation of Acids Y Epoxidation of Alkenes Y Cyclisation Reactions Y Dieckmann Condensation Y Ruzicka Cyclisation Y
–
Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Y Friedel–Crafts Acylation Y Cyclic Ethers Y Amine Synthesis Y Primary (RNH 2)
Reagents for the Synthon NH 2 Y
Y

Protecting Groups Y Common Groups to be Protected Y Protection of Amino Group Y Protection of Carboxylic Group (RCOOH) Y One Group
C — C Disconnections Y One Group C — C Disconnections I (1,1) C — C Dis con nec tions Y Syn the sis of Al co hols Y Syn the sis of
Y

Al de hydes and Ketones Y Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids Y (1, 2) C — C Disconnections Y Synthesis of Alcohol Y Synthesis of Carbonyl
Com pounds Y One Group C —C Disconnections II Y Carbonyl Compounds Y Synthesis of Carbonyl Compounds by 1, 1 C — C
Disconnections Y Synthesis of Carbonyl Compounds by 1, 2 C — C Disconnections (By Alkylation of Enols) Y Synthesis of Carbonyl Compounds by
1, 3 C — C Disconnections (By Michael Addition) Y Regioselectivity Y Alkene Synthesis Y Use of Acetylenes (Alkynes) in Organic Synthesis Y Use of
Aliphatic Nitro Compounds in Synthesis Y Two–Group Disconnections Y Diels–Alder Reactions Y Stereospecificity and Stereoselectivity Y Endo
Selectivity Y Regioselectivity in Diels Alder Reaction Y FGI in Diels–Alder Products Y Two Group C — C Disconnections Y β–Hydroxy Carbonyl
Compounds Y α, β–Unsaturated Carbonyl Compound Y Control in Carbonyl Condensations Y Self–Condensations Y Intramolecular Reactions
Y Cross–Condensations I: Use of Compounds which cannot Enolise Y Formaldehyde: The Mannich Reaction Y Cross-condensation II : Use of specfific

Enol Equivalents Y Cross–Condensation III: Removal of one Product Y Two Group C — C Disconnections 1,5 Difunctionalised Compounds Michael
Addition and Robenson Annelation Y Ring Synthesis Y Sat u rated Heterocycles Y Three–membered Rings Y Four–membered Rings
Y Five–membered Rings Y Six–membered Rings Y Aromatic Heterocycles Y Aromatic Heterocycles with Two Heteroatoms Y Synthesis of Some
Complex Molecules Y Synthesis of Camphor Y Synthesis of Longifolene Y Syn the sis of Cortisone Y Retrosynthetic Analysis of Cortisone
Y Syn the sis of Reserpine Y Syn the sis of Vitamin D Y Synthesis of Juvabione Y Retrosynthetic Analysis of Juvabione Y Synthesis of Juvabione Y
Synthesis of (±)–Aphidicolin Y Synthesis of Fredericamycin A.

Physical Chemistry

286–39 (B) Advanced Physical Chemistry –Gurdeep Raj

Y Chemical Thermodynamics Y Terminology of Thermodynamics Y Perfect Differentials or Exact Differentials Y Cyclic Rule Y Simple Systems Y
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Y First Law of Thermodynamics Y Internal Energy Y Enthalpy Y Heat Capacity Y Heat Y Energy Y Work Y Reversible
Work of Expansion (Reversibility and Maximum Work) Y Irreversible Work of Expansion Y Comparison of Wrev and Wirr Y Work Done in Adiabatic
Expansion of An Ideal Gas (Reversible Expansion) Y Adiabatic Irreversible Expansion Y Variation of Energy With Temperature and Volume Y Enthalpy
As a Function of T and P Y Applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics Y Reversible Isothermal Expansion of Real Gas Obeying Van Der Waals
Equation Y Reversible Adiabatic Expansion of Real Gas Obeying Van Der Waals Equation Y Spontaneous Processes Y Non-Spontaneous Processes Y
Limitations of First Law of Thermodynamics-Need for the Second Law of Thermodynamics Y Statements of Second Law of Thermodynamics Y Proof of
The Second Law Y Is Second Law True ? Y Is Second Law Applicable to Cycle Process Only ? Y Thermodynamic Scale Y Proof of the Equivalence of the

14
Kelvin-Planck and Clausius Statements Y Heat Engine Y Carnot’s Heat Engine Y Carnot’s Cycle in the Reverse Order Refrigerator Y Carnot’s Theorem Y
Entropy Y Physical Significance of Entropy Y Maxwell’s Thermodynamical Relations Y Free Energy Work Functions Y The Helmholtz Free Energy Work
Function, ‘A’ Y The Gibbs Free Energy Work Function, G Y Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation Y Thermodynamic Equilibria and Free Energy Functions Y
Applications of Gibbs -Helmholtz Equation Y The Clapeyron-Clausius Equation Y Thermodynamics of Elevation of Boiling Point Y Relation between
Osmotic Pressure and Elevation of Boiling Point Y Thermodynamics of Depression in Freezing Point Y Relation between Osmotic Pressure and
Depression in Freezing Point Y Raoult’s Law Y The Nernst Heat Theorem Y Third Law of Thermodynamics Y Exceptions to the Third Law Y Entropy and
Degeneracy Y Comparison of the Third Law with Other Laws Y Chemical Affinity Y Partial Molar Properties Y Chemical Potential Y Gibbs-Duhem
Equation Y Variation of Chemical Potential with Temperature Y Variation of Chemical Potential with Pressure Y Chemical Potential of a Pure Solid or
Pure Liquid Y The chemical Potential of a Pure Ideal Gas Y The Chemical Potential of An Ideal Gas in a Mixture of Ideal Gases Y Thermodynamic
Functions of Mixing Y Ideal Solutions and Chemical Potential Y Applications of the Concept of Chemical Potential Y Fugacity Y Duhem -Margules
Equation Activity Y Activity & Activity Coefficient of Solution Y Thermochemistry Y Introduction to Thermochemistry Y Thermochemical Equation Y
Conventions Used in Writing Thermochemical Equations Y Heat of Reaction or Enthalpy of Reaction Y Factors on Which Heat of Reaction of Enthalpy of
Reaction Depends Y Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions Y Standard Enthalpy Changes Y Various Types of Enthalpy Changes Y Experimental
Determination of ∆ E and ∆ H Y Kirchhoff’s Equation Y The Maximum Flame Temperature Y Explosion Temperature Y Bond Enthalpies or Energies Y
Laws of Thermochemistry Y Statistical Thermodynamics Y Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics Y Probability Theorems in Statistical
Thermodynamics Y Phase Space Y System, Assembly and Ensemble Y Liouville’s Theorem Y Statistical Equilibrium Y The Thermodynamical Probability
Y The Boltzmann Distribution Law Y Partition Function Y Partition Functions for Simultaneous Possession of Different Energies Y Partition Functions and
Thermodynamic Functions Y Molar Partition Functions Y Application of Partition Function to Monoatomic Gas Y Applications of Partition Functions to
Diatomic Molecules Y Statistical Expression for Equilibrium Constant Y Equipartition of Energy Y Limitations of Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics Y The
Bose-Einstein Statistics Y Bose-Einstein Condensation Y The Fermi-Dirac Statistics Y Comparison Amongst Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein
Fermi-Dirac Statistics Y Calculation of Fermi Energy of Electron Gas in the Metal Y Average Energy of An Electron in Metals Y Thermodynamic Functions
of Degenerate Fermi-Dirac Gas Y Thermionic Emission Y The Specific Heat of Solids and Gases Y Specific Heat of Solids Y Specific Heat of
Gases Y Non-Equilibrium of Irreversible Thermodynamics Y Postulate (Assumption) of Local Equilibrium Y Entropy Production Y Forces
and Fluxes Y Onsager Relations and Applications Y Wiener-Khintchine Theorem Y Linear Laws Y Stationary States Y Wave Mechanics Y
Introduction to Wave Mechanics Y Failure of Classical Mechanics Y de-Broglie’s Concept of the Dual Nature of the Electron Y Heisenberg
Uncertainty Principle Y Schrodinger’s Wave Equations Y Alternative Derivation of Schrodinger’s Wave Equation Y Schrodinger’s Equation With
Respect to Time Y Eigen Values and Eigen Functions Y Further Mathematical Consideration of Schrodinger Equation Y The Free Particle Y
Particles in Potential Barriers Y Emission of α-Particles From a Radioactive Element Y Particle in a One Dimensional Box Y Electron in Ring Y The
Particle in a Three-Dimensional Box Y Simple Harmonic Oscillator Y The Application of the Schrodinger Equations to the Hydrogen Atom Y Wave
Mechanics and Valence Y The Variation Method Y The Perturbation Method Y The Secular Equations Y The Valence Bond Theory Y Molecular
Orbital Method Y Atomic Spectra Y Different Spectral Lines of hydrogen Y Explanation of Origin of Atomic Spectra Y Critical Potential
(Excitation and Ionisation Potential) Y The Compton Effect Y Photo Electric Effect Y Vector Atom Model Y Spectra of Alkali Metals Y
Molecular Spectra (Molecular Spectroscopy) Y Spectroscopy Y Molecular Spectra Y Microwave Spectroscopy (Rotational Spectroscopy) Y
Infrared Spectroscopy Y Raman Spectroscopy Y Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Y Electronic Spectra Y The Fortrat Diagram Y The Charge Transfer
Spectra Y Isotopic Effect in Molecular Spectra Y Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Y Chemical Crystallography and Liquid Crystals Y
Types of Solids Y Distinction between Crystalline and Amorphous Solids Y What is a Crystal Y Liquid Crystals or Mesomorphic States Y The Growth of
Crystals Y External Features of Crystals Y Symmetry of Crystals Y Point Groups Y Space Lattice or Lattice Y The Unit Cell and Primitive Lattice Cell Y
Classification of Crystals Y Bravais Lattices Y Conduction in Solids Y Separation Between Lattice Planes Y Coordination Number Y Calculation of
Number of Atoms Per Unit Cell Y Radius Ratio Rule Y Isomorphism Y Mitscherlisch’s Law of Isomorphism Y Laws of Crystallography Y Solid State Defects
Y Packing of Uniform Spheres Y The Closed Packed Structures and The Nature of Voids Y Dimension of The Holes Y Close Packing of Spheres Y Internal
Structure of Crystals Y Structure of Rock Salt, NaCl Y Structure of Sylvine (KCl) Y Structure of Zinc Blende Y Structure of Diamond Y The Graphite Crystal
Y Cesium Chloride Structure Y Structures of Ionic Solids of General Formula, AX 2 Y Electron Microscope Y Electric Prop er ties of Mol e cules and

Di pole Mo ment Y Dipole Moment Y Induced or Distortion Polarisation Y Orientation Polarisaiton Y Total Molar Polarisation Y Polarizablity Y
Mosotti-Clausius Equation Y Debye Equation : Orientation Polarisation Y Dependence of Polarizability on Frequency Y Determination of Dipole
Moment Y Bond Moments and the Molecular Dipole Moment Y Applications of Dipole Moment Y Limitations of Concept of Dipole Moment Y
Group Moments Y Magnetochemistry and Mag netic Properties of Substances Y Magnetochemistry Y Magnetic Properties of Substances Y
Definitions and Units Y Theories of Paramagnetism Y Theories of Diamagnetism Y Magnetic Susceptibility is an Additive and Substitutive Property Y
Theory of Ferromagnetism Y Measurement of Magnetic Susceptibility Y Applications of Magnetic Susceptibilities Y Equations of State and
Transport Phenomenon in Gases Y Equation of State Y Limitations of Van Der Walls Equation Y Calculation of the Boyle’s Temperature From Van
Der Waals Equation Y Modifies Form of the Van Der Waals Equation Y The Dieterici Equation Y The Berthelot Equation Y The Equation of
Kammerling-Ones Y The Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State Y The Clausius Equation Y Virial Form of the Van Der Waals Equation Y Maxwell’s Law of
Distribution of Velocities Y Barometric Formula Y Barometric Formula By Taking into Account the Variation of Acceleration Due to Gravity with Altitude
Above the Earth’ Surface Y Derivation of the Barometric Formula Taking into Account the Variation of Temperature with Altitude Y Molecular Chaos Y
Collision Number and Collision Frequency Y Collision Diameter Y Mean Free Path Y Transport Phenomena in Gases Y Degrees of Freedom Y Law of

15
Equipartiton of Energy Y Chemical Kinetics Y Introduction to Chemical Kinetics Y Macroscopic and Microscopic Kinetics Y Slow and Fast Reactions Y
Rate of Reaction Y Factors Affecting Reaction Rates Y Velocity Constant or Rate Constant Y Molecularity of a Reaction Y Order of a Reaction Y Order and
Molecularity of Simple Reactions Y Order and Molecularity of Complex Reactions Y Kinetics of Zero Order Reactions Y Kinetics of First Order Reactions Y
Kinetics of Second Order Reactions Y Kinetic of Third Order Reactions Y Kinetics of Nth Order Reactions Y Methods of Determination of Order of a
Reaction Y Disturbing Factors in the Determination of Order of a Reaction Y Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rates Y Collision Theory of Reaction
Rates Y Absolute Reaction Rate of Transition State Theory Y Unimolecular Reactions Y Trimolecular Reactions or Termolecular Reactions Y Chain
Reactions Y Polymerisation Reactions Y Kinetics in Liquid Solutions Y Kinetics of Fast Reactions Y Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Molecular Beam
Method Y Measurement of Rate of Slow Reactions Y Linear Free Energy Relationships Y Photochemistry Y Introduction to Photochemistry Y Types of
Chemical Reactions Y Differences Between Dark and Photochemical Reactions Y Absorption of Light Y Laws of Photochemistry Y Quantum Yield or
Quantum Efficiency Y Deviations in the the Law of Photochemical Equivalence Y Reasons of High and Low Quantum Yield Y Factors Affecting Quantum
Yield Y Luminescence Y Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Y Photoelectric Effect Y Photoelectric Cells Y Chemiluminescence Y Photosensitisation Y
Photochemical Inhibition Y Period of Induction Y Photostationary State or Photochemical Equilibrium Y Bioluminescence Y Photosynthesis Y Latent
Image Y Photochemical Kinetics Y Laser Techniques Y Catalysis and Kinetics of Heteroge neous Reactions Y Catalysis Y Theory of
Homogeneous Catalysis Y Function of a Catalyst in Terms of Gibb’s Free Energy of Activation Y Theory of Heterogeneous Catalysis Y Quantitative
Treatment of Adsorption (Theory of Heterogenous Catalysis) Y Classification of Catalysis Y Acid Base Catalysis Y Surface Chemistry
(Adsorption) Y Characteristics of Adsorption Y Sorption and Occlusion Y Adsorption of Gases on Solids Y Physical Adsorption Y Measurement of
Adsorption Isotherms or Experimental Methods of Determining Gas Adsorption Y Various Adsorption Isotherms Y Determination of Surface Area Y
Heat of Adsorption Y Adsorption Isobars Y Chemisorption Y Surface Films Y Adsorption from Solution Y Alternate Definition of Surface Excess Y
Adsorption By Porous Solids Y Surface Tension and Surface Free Energy Y Capillary Condensation Y Wetting Phenomena Y Applications of
Adsorption Y Colloid Science Y Colloidal State Y Colloidal Solutions Y Classification of Colloids Y Lyophilic and Lyophobic Colloids Y True
Solutions, Colloidal Solutions and Suspensions Y Preparation of Sols Y Purification of Sols Y Properties of Colloids Y Electrical Properties of Colloids Y
Electrical Double Layer Y Size of Colloidal Particles Y Methods of Determining Particle Shape Y Brownian Movement Y Avogadro’s Number Y Stability of
Sole Y Protection of Colloids Y Hofmeister Series or Salting Out or Lyotropic Series of the Sols Y Sensitisation Y Theories of Origin of Charge Y
Determination of Charge on Colloidal Particle Y The Spontaneous Ageing of Colloids Y Coagulation or Flocculation Y Kinetics of Coagulation Y Gels Y
Emulsions Y Microemulsions or Micellar Emulsions Y Foams Y Aerosols Y Micellization Y Structure of Micelles Y Ionic Micelles Y Micellization in
Non-Aqueous Media Y The Determination of Critical Concentration of Micelle Formation Y Solubilization in Surfactant Solutions Y Donnan Membrane
Equilibrium Y Applications of Colloid Science Y Phase Rule Y Introduction to Phase Rule Y Phase Reactions YConditions for Equilibrium between
Phases Y Derivation of Phase Rule Y One Component Systems Y The Water System Y Deuterium Oxide System Y Ice System Y The Sulphur System Y
Experimental Determination of Transition Point Y Two Component Systems Y Types of Two Components Systems Y Three Component Systems Y
Thermal Analysis Y The Distribution Law Y Nernst Distribution Law Y Temperature Coefficient Y Conditions for the Validity of the Distribution Law Y
Thermodynamic Derivation of Distribution Law Y Deviation From Distribution Law Due to Molecular Complexity Y Applications of Distribution Law Y Ionic
Equilibrium, Electrolytic Conductance and Electrolytic Transference Y Electrolysis Y Faraday’s Law of Electrolysis Y Resistance or Conductance Y
Application of Conductivity Measurements Y Conductance in Non-Aqueous Solvents Y Conductometric Titrations Y Absolute Ionic Velocities : Ionic Mobilites Y
Ostwald’s Dilution Law Y Degree of Dissociation Y Dissociation Constant Y Dissociation Constants of Phosphoric Acid Y Arrhenius Theory of Electrolytic
Dissociation (1884) Y Limitations of Arrhenius Theory Y Theory of Strong Electrolytes Y Debye-Falkenhagen Effect, Conductance Under High A.C.
Frequencies Y Wien Effect, Conductance Under High Potential Gradients Y Strength of An Acid Y Dissociation Constants of Polybasic Acids Y Common Ion
Effect Y Solubility Product Y Ionic Product of Water Y Indicators Y Buffer Solutions or Buffers Y Hydrolysis Y Migration of ions Y Speeds of Ions and Amounts
Liberated at the Electrodes Y Transport Number Y Ionic Mobility and Transport Number Y Absolute Ionic Velocity Y Electrochemistry Y Introduction of
Electrochemistry Y Electrochemical Cells or Galvanic Cells Y Electrochemical Conventions Y Types of Electrochemical Cells Y Reversible and Irreversible Cells Y
Reversible Electrodes Y Measurement of E.M.F. Y Nernst’s Theory of Electrode Potential Y Single Electrode Potential Y Standard Electrode Potential Y Sign of
Electrode Potential Y Measurement of Electrode Potential Y Applications of Electrode Potential Measurements Y Rate of Electrode Processes Y Chemical Cells Y
Concentration Cells Y Liquid-Liquid Junction Potential or Diffusion Potential Y Determination of Transport Number By E.M.F. Measurements Y Applications of
E.M.F. Measurements Y Determination of pH Y Oxidation and Reduction Systems Y Electromotive Series or Potential Series Y Polarization Y Electromotive
Force of Polarization Y Decomposition Voltage or Decomposition Potential Y Deposition Potential or Discharge Potential Y Overvoltage Y Potentiometric
Titrations Y Polarography Y Voltametry Y Amperometric Titrations Y Fuel Cells Y Physical Properties and Chem i cal Constitution Y Molar
Volume of Liquids Y Macleod’s Relationship-The Parachor Y Viscosity and Chemical Constitution Y Refractive Index Y Optical Activity Y
Optical Rotatory Dispersion Y Molecular Refraction Y Optical Exalation Y Refrachor Y Chem i cal Equi lib rium Y Reversible Reactions Y
Irreversible Reactions Y Chemical Equilibrium Y Experimental Proof For Dynamical Equilibrium Y Limitations of the Equation for
Chemical Equilibrium Y Law of Mass action Y De Donders Concept of Degree of Advancement of a Reaction Y Derivation of Law of Mass
Action Y Experimental Verification of Law of Mass Action Y Thermodynamic Derivation of Law of Mass Action Y Derivation of Law of Mass
Action From Chemical Potential Y Van’t Hoff’s Reaction Isotherm Y Van’t Hoff’s Reaction Isochore Y Van’t Hoff Reaction Isobar Y
Applications of Law of Mass Action Y Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Heterogeneous Equilibria Y Le-Chatelier’s Principle :
Predicting Equilibrium State Y Thermodynamic Treatment of Le-Chatelier’s Principle Y Ki netic Mo lec u lar The ory of Gases Y
Postulates of the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Y Compressibility Factor Y Expansivity and Compressibility Y Deviation From Ideal

16
Gas Behaviour Y Equations of State for Real Gases Y Explanation of Behaviour of Real Gases on the Basis of Van Der Waals Equation Y Experimental
Determination of Critical Constants Y Critical Constants Y Conditions for Liquefaction of Gases Y Van Der Waals Equation As an Improvement Over
Simple Laws Y Principle of Continuity of States Y Van Der Waals Equation and Critical State-Relations Between Van Der Waals Constants and Critical
Constants Y The principle of Corresponding States Y Liquefaction of Gases Y Intermolecular Forces or Van Der Waals Forces Y Liq uid State Y
Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium-Vapour Pressure Y Methods of Measuring Vapour Pressure of Liquids Y Dynamic Method Y Equation of State
for Liquids Y Structure of Liquids Y Surface Tension Y Methods of Measuring Surface Tension Y Viscosity Y Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Y
Determination of Ratio of Distillation to Residue Y Partially Miscible Liquid Pairs Y Completely Immiscible Liquid Pairs of Steam Distillation
Y Solutions Y Meaning of Solution Y Type of Solutions Y Various Methods for Expression Concentrations of Solutions Y Vapour Pressure
of a Liquid Y Lowering of Vapour Pressure Y Ideal Solutions Y Non Ideal Solutions Y Raoult’s law Applicable to Binary Solutions of Two
Liquids Y The ory of Di lute Solutions Y Colligative Properties Y Relation Between Lowering of Vapour Pressure and Osmotic Pressure Y
Measurement of Lowering of Vapour Pressure Y Theories of Osmotic Pressure and Semipermability Y Osmotic Pressure Y Van’t Hoff’s
Theory of Dilute Solutions Y Measurement of Osmotic Pressure Y Measurement of Boiling Point Elevation Y Abnormal Colligative
Properties of Solutions Y Mo lec u lar Weight Determination of Macromolecules (Polymers) Y Methods to Determine Molecular Weight.

287–35 Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry –J.B. Yadav

Y General Information Y Calibration of Weights Y Cleaning of Volumetric Glassware Y Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Y Concentration of
Solution Y Preparation of Standard Solutions Y Preparation of Solutions of Indicators Y Temperature Control Thermostat Y Errors in Measurements
and Treatment of Experimental Data Y Errors in Experimental Data Y Accuracy and Precision of Measurements Y Statistical Treatment of Random
Errors Y Molecular Weights of Volatile Substances Y Vapour Density Y Determination of Molecular Weights in Solution (Cryoscopic and
Ebullioscopic Methods) Y Measurement of Depression of Freezing Point (Cryoscopy) Y Measurement of Elevation of Boiling Point (Ebullioscopy) Y
Cryoscopic Methods Y Rast's Micro Method of Determining Molecular Weight Y Activity Coefficients of Electrolytes (Cryoscopic Method) Y Ebullioscopic
Methods Y Suggestions for Further Work by Ebullioscopic Measurements Y Density of a Liquid Y Specific Volume Y Molar Volume Y Viscosity Y Factors
Affecting Viscosity of a Liquid Y Molecular Viscosity Y Measurement of Viscosity Y Surface Tension Y Molecular or Molar Surface Energy Y

Measurement of Surface Tension Y Vapour Pressure of Liquids Y Measurement of Vapour Pressure Y Solubility Y Phase Equilibria
Y Liquid-Vapour Equilibria Y Liquid-Liquid System Y Study of Complex Ion Formation by Distribution Method Y Solid-Liquid Systems (Freezing Point
Diagrams of Binary Mixtures) Y Transition Temperature Y Determination of Transition Temperature Y Thermochemistry Y Measurement of Heat
Change Y Optical Measurements in Chemistry Y Refractometry Y Polarimetry Y Absorptiometry or Colorimetry Y Analysis of a Mixture Y

Formula of the Complex (Job's Method) Y Determination of Dissociation Constants Y Spectrophotometric Titrations Y Flame Photometry Y Electric
Conductance of Electrolytes Y Measurement of Conductance Y Applications of Conductometric Measurements Y Titration of Very Weak Acids
with a Strong Base Y Titration of Very Weak bases with Strong Acid Y Precipitation Titrations Y Miscellaneous Titrations Y Transport Numbers Y

Determination of Transport Number Y Chemical Kinetics Y Determination of the Order of a Reaction Y Drawing Tangents to a Curve Y The
Temperature Coefficient (Energy of Activation) Y Photochemical Reactions Y The Col loi dal State Y Di al y sis of Col loi dal So lu tion Y Pre cip i ta tion
of Colloids by Elec tro lytes Y Protection of Colloids Y Colloidal Electrolytes or Association Colloids Y Ad sorp tion Y Ad sorp tion Iso therms Y
Chro mato graphic Sep a ra tions Y Chro ma tog ra phy Y Col umn Chro ma tog ra phy Y Ad sorp tion Chro ma tog ra phy Y Pa per Chro ma tog ra phy
Y Thin-Layer Chro ma tog ra phy Y Ion Ex change or Dis place ment Chro ma tog ra phy Y Ion Ex change Ca pac ity Y Pa per Elec tro pho re sis or Zone
Elec tro pho re sis Y Elec tro mo tive Force of Cells Y Gal vanic cells Y Elec trode Po ten tial Y Hy dro gen Scale Y Liq uid Junc tion Po ten tial Y
Types of Elec trodes Y In di cat ing Elec trodes Y Mea sure ment of e.m.f. of a Cell Y Ap pli ca tions of e.m.f. Mea sure ments Y De ter mi na tion of pH
Val ues Y pH Stan dards for Glass Elec trodes at 25°C Y Potentiometric Ti tra tions Y Dis so ci a tion Con stants of Weak Ac ids and Bases Y Ti tra tions
with out ref er ence Elec trodes Y Polarography Y Manual Po laro graph Y Com mer cial Po laro graph Y De com po si tion Po ten tial and Over Volt age
Y Polarographic Max ima Y Amperometric Ti tra tions Y Formula and Sta bil ity Con stant of the Complex Ion Y Mea sure ment of Elec tric and
Magnetic Properties Y Capacitance and Dielectric Constant Y Mag netic Sus cep ti bil ity YMag netic Sus cep ti bil ity Mea sure ments Y

Equilibrium and Dissociation Constants Y Reversible Reactions Y Equi lib rium Con stant and Stan dard Free En ergy Change Y Equilibrium
Constant and Enthalpy (∆H) of the Reaction Y Determination of Equilibrium Constants Y Blood Examination Y Cell Counts Y Estimation of Glucose in
Blood (Diabetes Blood Test) Y Urine Examination Y Collection of Urine Specimen Y Estimation of Ketone Bodies (Acetoacetic Acid) (Dipstick Method)
Y Reducing Substances in Urine Y Estimation of Casein in Milk Y Oils and Lubricants Y Water Analysis Y Hardness of Water Y Appendix Y Log
Y Antilog Tables.

17
 296–01 (B) Problems in Physical Chemistry –Gurdeep Raj

Y Gaseous State (Kinetic Theory of Gases) Y Boyle’s Law (Pressure-Volume Relationship) Y Charle’s Law (Volume-Temperature Relationship)
Absolute Zero Y Avogadro’s Law Y Ideal Gas Equation Y Physical Significance of Universal Gas Constant (R) Y Numerical Values of R Y Dalton’s Law of
Partial Pressures Y Amagat’s Law of Partial Volume Y Graham’s Law of Diffusion of Gases Y Kinetic Gas Equation Y Kinetic Energy of Gas Molecules Y
Molecular Velocities Y Collision Properties Y Calculation of λ from η Y Boromatirc Formula Y Law of Corresponding States and Reduced Equation of
States Y Liquids Y Variation of Vapour Pressure of a Liquid with Temperature Y Trouton’s Rule Y Surface Tension Y Determination of Surface Tension
Y Surface Active Agents Y Interfacial Tension Y Determination of Surface Tension of a Liquid at Different Temperatures Y Excess Pressure Y Surface

Energy Y Variation of Surface Tension with Temperature Y Ramsay and Shield’s Equation Y Viscosity Y Relative Viscosity and Specific Viscosity Y
Mobility or Fluidity Y Effect of Temperature on Viscosity Y Solid State and Crystallography Y Formula Used Y Lattice Energy Y Cohesive Energy Y
Fermi Energy Y Number of Schottky defects Y Number of Frenkel Defects Y First Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y State Func tion Y Cy clic Rule Y
Ho mo ge neous Func tion Y Co ef fi cient of Ther mal Ex pan sion, α, Y Com press ibil ity Co ef fi cient Y Re la tion be tween α and β Y Eu ler’s
The o rem on Ho mo ge neous Func tions Y In te grat ing Fac tor Y Ho mo ge neous Func tion Y First Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y Work a Path
De pend ent Func tion Y Ex pan sion into Vac uum Y Ex pan sion Against a Con stant Ex ter nal Pres sure Y Ex pan sion When Pext − Pint. Y
Iso ther mal Re vers ible Work for Ideal Gas Y Adi a batic Work Y Adi a batic Re vers ible Re la tion Y Heat change at Con stant Vol ume Y Heat
Change at Con stant Pres sure Y Heat Ca pac ity of Con stant Vol ume, Cv Y Heat Ca pac ity at Con stant Pres sure Y Re la tions be tween Cp and Cv
Y Ef fi ciency of Car not’s Cy cle Y Iso ther mal Re vers ible Ex pan sion of an Ideal Gas Y Free Ex pan sion (Ir re vers ible) Y Iso ther mal Ir re vers ible

Ex pan sion of an Ideal Gas Y Joule Thomson Co ef fi cient Y Adi a batic Ir re vers ible Ex pan sion Y Com par i son of Wrev and Wirr Y Sec ond Law
of Ther mo dy nam ics Y En tropy Changes Y En tropy of a Mix ture of Ideal Gases Y En tropy of Mix ing Y En tropy Change In volv ing Trans fer
of Heat from a Body B at a Higher Tem per a ture T2 to Body A at a Lower Tem per a ture Y En tropy Change of a Chem i cal Re la tion Y En tropy
and Prob a bil ity Y Gibbs-Helmholtz Equa tion Y Free En ergy Changes Y Vari a tion of Free En ergy with Pres sure at Con stant T Y Chem i cal
Po ten tial Y Gibss-Duhem Equa tion Y Clapeyron-Clausius Equa tion of Liq uid Vapour Y Clapeyron-Clausius Equa tion for Solid Vapour
Equi lib ria Y Fugacity Y Ac tiv ity Y Third Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y Nernst Heat The o rem Y Third Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y
Thermochemistry Y Enthalpy of Re ac tion Y Re la tion be tween Enthalpy of Re ac tion at Con stant Vol ume and at Con stant Pres sure Y
Hess’s Law Y Kichhoff’s equa tion Y Flame and Ex plo sion Tem per a ture Y Bond En er gies Y Some Im por tant Re la tions Y
Thermochemical Cal cu la tions Y Sta tis ti cal Thermodynamics Y Probability and Entropy Y Molecular Basis of Residual Entropy Y Boltzmann
Distribution Law Y Partition Function Y Energy and Partition Function Y Heat Capacity, Cv and Partition Function Y Third Law and Partition Function Y
Helmholtz Free Energy A and Partition Function Y Enthalpy and Partition Function Y Gibbs Free energy, G and Partition Function Y Chemical Partition
and Partition Function Y Equilibrium Constant and Partition Function Y Partition Function of Polyatomic Molecule Y Translational Partition Function Y
Grand Translatinoal Partition Function Y Rotational Partition Function Y Vibrational Partition Function Y Electronic Partition Function Y Molecular
Partition Function for a Polyatomic Molecule Y Translationl Energy of the Gas Y Translational Entropy of a Monoatomic Gas Y Entropy of Expansion Y
Translational Enthalpy Y Translational Heat Capacity at Constant pressure Y Translational Gibbs Free Energy Y Translational Helmholtz Function Y
Rotational Energy Y Rotational Enthalpy Y Rotational Entropy Y Rotational Free Energy Y Rotational Work Function Y Vibrational Contribution to
Thermodynamic Functions Y Solutions Y Measures of Composition Y Bunsen’s Absorption Coefficient, α Y Effect of Temperature on Solubility Y
Henry’s Law Y Gaseous Solutions (Solution of Gas in Gas) Y Raoult’s Law Y Steam Distillation Y Dilute Solutions Y Colligative Properties of Dilute
Solutions Y Raoult’s Law Y Osmotic Pressure, Π Y Isotonic Solutions Y Total Osmotic Pressures Y Ostwald and Walker’s Dynamic Method Y Elevation of
Boiling Point Y Depression in Freezing Point Y Abnormal Behaviour of Solutions Y Van’t Hoff Factor Y Chemical Equilibrium Y Law of Mass Action
Y Relation between K p and K c Y Relation between K p and K x Y Thermal Dissociation Y Difference between Thermal Decomposition and

Dissociation Y Degree of Dissociation Y Relation between Degree of Dissociation and Vapour Density Y Le Chatelier’s Principle Y
Heterogeneous Equilibria Involving Solids and Gases Y Free Energy of a Spontaneous Process Y Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation Y Standard free
Energy Change Y Free energy of Formation of Compounds, ∆G f Y Standard Free Energy of Formation of Compounds, ∆G° f Y Van’t Hoff
Reaction Isotherm Y Temperature -Dependence of the Equilibrium Constant Y Quantum Chem istry and Atomic Structure Y Atomic and
Mo lec u lar Spec tros copy Y Phase Rule Y Chemical Kinetics Y Collision Theory Y Energy of Activation Y Photochemistry Y
Lambert-Beer’s Law Y Optical Density (OD) or Absorbance or Absorbancy Y The Stark-Einstein Law of Photochemical Equivalence Y Life Time
of an Excited State Y Integrated Absorption Coefficient, A Y Oscillator Strength, f Y Surface Chemistry Y Adsorption Y Physical Adsorption Y
Chemisorption Y Adsorption Isotherm Y BET Theory Y Adsorption from Solution Y Surface Films Y Dis tri bu tion Law Y Some Relations and
Concepts Y Hydrolysis Constant Y Distribution Law and Henry’s Law Y Ionic Equilibrium Y Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis Y Determination of
Transport Number by Hittorf’s Method Y Determination of Transport Number by Moving Boundary Method Y Ostwald’s Dilution Law Y Strength
of Acids and Bases Y Dissociation of Water (Ionic Product of Water) Y Ionic Product of Water Y Buffer Solution Y Buffer Capacity Y Indicator
Constant Y Ioshydric Solution Y Conductance Y Determination of Cells Constant Y Measurement of Hydrolysis of Aniline Hydrochloride Y

18
Determination of Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Salts Y Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Ionic Mobilities Y Hydrolysis of Salts Y Calculation of Hydrogen
Ion Concentration Y Solubility Y Solubility Product Y Relation between Solubility Product and Solubility Y Ionic Mobility Y Absolute Velocity of an Ion Y
Activity and Activity Coefficient Y Relation between Activity and Mean Ionic Activity of the Electrolyte Y Relation between Activity and Mean Molal
activity Coefficient Y Ionic Strength (l) Y Debye-Huckel Limiting Law Y Debye-Huckel Theory of Strong Electrolytes Y Diffusion and Ionic Mobility Y
Ilkovic Equation Y Electrochemistry and Revers ible Cells Y Galvanic Cell Y Electrode Potential Y Sign of Electrode Potential Y Standard
Electrode Potentials: The Electrochemical Series Y Electromotive Force of Galvanic Cells : The Cell Reactions Y Electrical Energy an Free Energy
Change of the Cell Reaction Y Relation between Electrical Energy and Enthalpy of a Cell Reaction Y Determination of ∆G, ∆H and ∆S of Cell
Reaction Y Determination of ∆G°,∆S° and ∆H ° of a Cell Reaction Y Relation between Electromotive Force and Equilibrium Constant of a Cell
Reaction Y Effect of Concentration of Electrolyte on Cell Potential Y Nernst Equation : Effect of Electrolyte Concentration on Electrode Potential
Y Determination of Activity Coefficients from E.M.F. Y Specific Ion Electrodes Y Concentration Cells Y Determination of pH Y Electrode

Polarization Y Concentration Polarization Y Over Voltage Y Physical Prop er ties and Chem ical Constitution Y Optical Rotation Y Molar
Refraction Y Molecular Viscosity Y Dunstan’s Rule Y Viscosity and Chemical Constitution Y Molecular Weight of Polymers Y Macromolecules
(Polymers) Y Molar Masses of Polymers Y Viscometry Y Diffusion Y Root Mean Square Distance Y Sedimentation Velocity Method Y Centrifuge
Method Y Sedimentation Equilibrium Method Y Conformation and Configuration of Macromolecules in Solution Y Osmometry Y Light
Scattering Y Turbidity Y Elec tric and Magnetic Prop er ties of Molecules Y Dipole Moment Y Bond Moments Y Mossoti Clausius Equation Y
Dipole Moments in Solution Y Polarisability Volume Lorentz-Lorenz Equation (Molar Refraction) Y Magnetic Susceptibility Y Specific Magnetic
Susceptibility Y Molar or Molecular Magnetic Susceptibility Y Pascal Constants for Atoms and Bonds (Diamagnetism) Y Determination of
Magnetic Susceptibility Y Nuclear and Radio Chemistry Y Units of Radioactivity.

262–05 Group Theory & Symmetry in Chemistry –Gurdeep Raj, Ajay Kumar Bhagi & V.K.Jain

Y Symmetry and Symmetry Operations Y Symmetry Operations Y Performing Successive Operations Y Harmann-Mauguin System Y Inverse
Operations Y Applications of Symmetry Y Other Applications of Symmetry Y Point Groups Y Definition of Point Groups Y Properties of Groups Y
Classification of Point Groups Y Identification of molecular point groups Y Determination of point groups by yes-no method Y Vectors and
Matrices in Groups Rep re sen ta tions Y Vec tors Y Ma tri ces Y The ma trix eigen value equa tion Y Sim i lar ity trans for ma tions Y Use of
Ma tri ces in group the ory Y Ma trix Rep re sen ta tions and Geo met ric Trans for ma tions Y Use of Vec tors in group rep re sen ta tions Y Use of
Math e mat i cal func tions in group rep re sen ta tions Y Re duc ible and Ir re duc ible Rep re sen ta tions Y Equiv a lent Rep re sen ta tions Y
Uni tary Rep re sen ta tions Y Re duc ible Rep re sen ta tions Y Some Ex am ples of Re duc ible Rep re sen ta tions Y Ir re duc ible Rep re sen ta tions Y
The "Great Orthogonality The o rem" and its con se quences Y Some Im por tant Rules about Ir re duc ible Rep re sen ta tions Y Char ac ter Ta bles
Y Ap pli ca tion of Group The ory to Quan tum Me chan ics Y Hamiltonian op er a tors un der O R Y Sym me try-adapted Linear

Combinations Y Example of C 2V point group Y Example of D 4h point group Y Example of C 3V point group Y Example of T d point group Y Example
of O h point group Y Molecular Orbital Theory Y The Hartee-Fock Approximation Y The LCAO MO Approximation Y The π-electron approximation Y
Matrix Formulation of Molecular Orbital Calculations Y Huckel Method Y HMO for Butadiene Y Streitwieser's Method Y Molecular Orbital Projections Y
Symmetry in Bonding (Hybrid Orbital Approach) Y Transformation Properties of Atomic Orbital Y Hybrid Orbitals in σ-Bonding Y Hybrid Orbitals
in π Bonding Y Applications of Group Theory to Spectroscopy Y Group Theory and Normal Modes of Vibration of Polyatomic MoleculesY The
Γ 3N representation Y The reduction of Γ 3N Y The classification of normal coordinates Y Normal Coordinates for Linear m Molecules Y The
Nomenclature Used to Describe Vibrations Y Direct-Product Representations Y Selection Rules for IR and Raman Spectroscopy Y Depolarization Ratio Y
Y Rule of Mutual Exclusion Y Symmetry to determine IR and Raman active lines Y The Infra-Red and Raman Spectra of CH 4, CH 3D and CH 2D 2 Y
Symmetry for Coupling Combination Bands, Overtone and Fermi Resonance Y Application of Raman and Infrared Selection Rules to the Determination
of Structures Y Change in Spectra Due to Change in Symmetry Upon Coordination Y Application of Group Theory to Electronic spectroscopy Y Selection
Rules for Electronic Spectroscopy Y Symmetries of Electronic States from Non-degenerate Molecular Orbitals Y Electronic spectra of transition metal
complexes Y Applications of Group Theory to Transition-Metal Complexes Y Crystal field splitting Y Double Groups Y The Jahn-Teller Effect Y
The Electronic Spectra of "O h" Complexes Y Mixing of d and p Orbitals in Certain Symmetries Y MOT for Transition Metal Complexes Y LCAO MOs for
Tetrahedral Molecules Y LCAO MOs for sandwich compounds Y Applications of Group Theory in Organic Chemistry Y Structure and Symmetry Y
Molecular Rotations About Single Bonds Y Melting Point and Solubility Y Symmetry and Optical Activity Y Nomenclature of stereoisomers Y Organic
Reactions Y Appendix A (Character Tables for Symmetry Group, Appendix B (Character Tables for Some Double Groups), Appendix C
(Correlation Tables for the species of a group and its Sub-groups), Appendix D (Solved Problems), Appendix E (Tanable-Sugano
Diagrams).

19
 269–24 Spectroscopy –B.K. Sharma

Y Fundamental Principles of Spectroscopy Y Regions of electromagnetic radiation Y Properties of electromagnetic radiations Y Spectroscopy Y

Advantages of spectroscopy Y Wave properties of electromagnetic radiation Y Ground and excited states Y Absorption spectra Y Emission spectra Y Born
Oppenheimer approximation Y Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter — Rotational, vibrational and electronic energy levels Y Molecular
absorption spectra Y Types of molecular spectra Y Fluorescence Y Phosphorescence Y Raman spectra Y Interference Y Diffraction of radiation Y
Transmission of radiation Y Dispersion of radiation Y Refraction of radiation Y Reflection of radiation Y Scattering of radiation Y Polarisation of light Y
Thermal radiation Y Practical sources of radiation Y Particle properties of radiation Y The photoelectric effect Y The Compton effect Y Introduction to
optical methods Y Radiation sources Y Wavelength selection Y Monochromator Y Sample containers Y Detectors Y Photometric analytical methods Y
Spurious radiation Y Signal indicator Y Natural line width and natural line broadening including uncertainty relation Y Intensity of spectral lines and
transition probability Y Transition probability, transition moment and results of time dependent perturbation theory Y Selection rules Y Atomic
spectroscopy Y Energies of atomic orbitals Y Vector model of atom — vector representation of momenta and vector coupling Y Spectra of hydrogen atom
and alkali metal atoms Y Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy Y Spectra of liquids Y Colorimetric and spectrophotometric analysis Y Visible
spectrometry Y Preparation of the coloured solution Y Measurement of the coloured solution Y Laws of absorption Y Deviations from Beer’s law Y
Measurement of absorption Y Reasons for deviation from Beer’s law Y Techniques for colour comparison Y Instrumentation Y Sources Y Filters and
monochromators Y Slits Y Gratings Y Cuvette Y The vacuum region Y Radiation detectors and indicators Y Photovoltaic cells or Barrier layer cells Y
Photoemissive (vacuum) tubes Y Photomultiplier tubes Y Instrument design Y Colorimeters Y Disadvantages of visual colorimetric methods Y
Photometers Y Photometers employing barrier layer cells Y Photometers employing photoemissive tubes Y Photometers employing photomultiplier tubes
Y Single beam and double beam instruments Y One cell and two cell instruments Y Method of colour measurement or comparison with photoelectric
photometer Y Spectrophotometers Y Photoelectric spectrophotometer Y Sources of errors Y Calibration Y Presentation of spectral data Y Special
spectrophotometric techniques Y Ultraviolet spectroscopy Y Origin of UV absorption spectra Y Ultraviolet spectrophotometers Y Sources of radiation Y
Monochromators Y Detectors Y Performance of spectrophotometers Y Special methodology in UV spectrometric analysis Y Colour in organic compounds
Y Absorption by organic molecules — energy levels, molecular orbitals and electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules Y Effect of conjugation on
chromophores Y Choice of solvent and solvent effects Y Effect of alkyl substitution and ring residues - Woodward and Fieser rules Y Aromatic compounds
Y Geometrical isomerism Y Absorption by inorganic systems Y Spectrophotometric studies of complex ions - determination of ligand/metal ratio in a
complex Y Determination of instability constants Y Determination of pK value of an indicator Y Chemical applications of UV spectroscopy Y Qualitative
analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Analysis of organic compounds Y Analysis of inorganic complexes Y Analysis of mixtures of absorbing substances Y
Identification of compounds Y Measuring concentration of solutions Y Inorganic chemistry Y Structure of inorganic complexes Y Study of H+ ion
concentration Y Ortho and para forms of hydrogen molecule Y Photometric titrations Y Some spectrophotometric determination Y Infrared
Spectroscopy Y Molecular spectra Y Origin of infrared spectra Y Rotational or microwave spectrum Y Microwave spectroscopy Y Classification of
molecules Y Rigid rotor model Y Selection rules Y Effect of isotopic substitution on the transition frequencies Y Relative intensities of spectral lines Y
Non-rigid rotor Y Stark effect Y Nuclear and electron spin coupling or nuclear and electron spin interactions Y Instrumentation in microwave spectroscopy
Y Applications of microwave spectroscopy Y Vibrational rotational spectra -infrared spectroscopy Y Vibrational energies of diatomic molecules Y Zero
point energy Y Harmonic oscillator model Y Anharmonicity Y Anharmonicity and selection rules Y Morse potential energy diagram Y P—Q—R bands Y
Force constant Y Breakdown of the Born Oppenheimer approximation — the interactions of rotations and vibrations Y Electronic band spectra Y
Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules Y Franck Condon principle, vibronic transitions and vibrational progression Y Electronic spectra of polyatomic
molecules Y Charge transfer spectra and spectra of transition metal complexes Y Predissociation spectra Y Normal modes of vibrations of atoms in
polyatomic molecules Y Group frequencies and factors affecting band position and intensities Y Vibrational coupling Y Apparatus Y Light source Y
Monochromator and optical material Y Sample handling Y Cells or sample holders Y Detectors Y Amplifiers Y Instruments Y Advances in
spectrophotometers Y Fourier Transform methods (FT methods)— Interferometric spectrophotometers Y Hadamard spectroscopy Y Abridged
spectrophotometers Y Nondispersive photometers Y Hot bands Y Factors influencing vibrational frequencies Y Comparison of mid infrared, near infrared
and far infrared regions Y Metal ligand vibrations Y Interpretation of IR spectra Y Characteristic group frequencies of organic molecules (A) hydrocarbons
Y Normal alkanes (paraffins) Y Branched chain alkanes Y Cycloalkanes Y Alkenes or olefinic hydrocarbons Y Alkynes Y Aromatic hydrocarbons Y
Alcohols and phenols Y Aldhydes and ketones Y Ethers Y Esters Y Acid halides Y Carboxylic acid Y Amines and amides Y Important spectral regions in the
infrared Y Environmental effects Y Molecular shape Y Applications of IR spectroscopy Y Raman Spectroscopy Y Raman spectroscopy and infrared
spectroscopy Y Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over infrared spectroscopy Y Discovery of Raman effect Y Explanation of light scattering by molecules
Y Difference between fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy Y Nature of Raman spectra Y Pure rotational, vibrational and vibrational — rotational
Raman spectra and selection rules Y Apparatus used for studying Raman effect Y Lasers Y Sample preparation Y Classical theory of Raman effect Y
Quantum theory of Raman effect Y General mechanism of Raman effect Y Raman effect in liquids Y Raman effect in gases Y Raman effect in solids Y
Application of Raman effect to chemistry Y Law of mutual exclusion Y Raman activity of molecular vibrations Y Raman effect and molecular structure Y
Qualitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Advantages and limitations of Raman spectroscopy Y Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) Y Coherent
anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) Y Basic principle and experimental technique of CARS Y Advantages of CARS over normal Raman scattering

20
Y Disadvantages of CARS Y Applications of CARS Y Coherent and incoherent radiation Y Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy or Absorption Flame
Photometry Y Introduction and principle Y Procedure Y Preparation of samples Y Measurement of atomic absorption Y Sensitivity Y Calibrating
solutions Y Methods of calibration Y Advantages of atomic absorption Y Disadvantages and limitations of atomic absorption Y Precision and accuracy of
atomic absorption spectroscopy Y Flame emission Y Relationship between atomic absorption and flame emission spectroscopy Y Advantages over flame
emission Y Line widths Y Instruments Y Sources Y Flame Y Flame profiles Y Devices for the formation of an atomic vapour Y Flame atomisation Y
Monochromators and filters Y Optical system, detectors and indicators Y Readout devices Y Oxidants and fuels Y Types of burners Y Applications of
atomic absorption Y Analytical applications Y Interferences Y Cation interferences Y Anion interferences Y Analytical variables Y Some typical
determinations by atomic absorption spectroscopy Y Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy Y Flame Emission Spectroscopy or Flame Photometry Y
Principle Y Flames and flame spectra Y Variation of emission intensity with the flame Y Flame temperature Y Chemical reactions in flames Y Metallic
spectra in flames Y Effect of organic solvents on flame spectra Y Flame background Y Instruments Y Pressure regulators and flow meters Y Flame source Y
Atomizers and burners Y Optical and electronic system Y Photosensitive detectors Y Flame photometers Y Flame spectrophotometers Y Single beam and
double beam instruments Y Calibration curve Y Flame spectrophotometer Y Errors in flame photometry (interferences) Y Quantitative analysis Y
Applications Y Determination of sodium in general different samples by flame photometry Y Special applications Y Some flame emission spectroscopic
procedures Y Emission Spectroscopy Y Theoretical principles of the production of emission spectrum Y Origin of emission spectra Y The emission
process Y Radiative and non-radiative decay processes Y Internal conversion Y The spectra produced by electronic excitation Y Units Y Apparatus for
emission spectroscopy Y Excitation sources Y Controlled and multisources Y General purpose sources Y Plasma discharge Y Samples Y Electrodes Y
Preparation of electrodes and samples Y Sample polarity Y Excitation of the constituents of solutions Y Illumination system Y Apparatus Y Optical
spectrometers Y Classification of spectrometers Y Measures used for the comparison of prism instruments Y Grating instruments Y Measures used for the
comparison of grating instruments Y The photographic process Y Qualitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Internal standard and data treatment Y
Intensity measurement Y Photoelectric method Y Semiquantitative analysis Y X-Ray Methods Y Mosley's law Y Continuous spectra from electron beam
sources Y Discontinuous (line) spectra from electron beam sources Y Fluorescent line spectra Y X-Ray fluorescence Y Radioactive sources Y Absorption of
X-rays Y X-ray instrumentation Y X-ray detection and measurement Y Ionisation methods for measurement of radiations Y Samples Y Non-dispersive
X-ray spectrometers Y X-ray emission methods Y Qualitative and semiquantitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Applications of X-ray emission Y
X-ray absorption methods Y Direct absorption method Y Analysis of lighter elements Y The absorption edge method Y Absorption apparatus Y
Applications of absorption methods Y X-ray absorption v/s X-ray emission Y Advantages of X-ray methods Y Disadvantages of X-ray methods Y X-ray
diffraction methods Y The Laue method of X-ray analysis Y Bragg’s law Y Diffraction of X-rays Y Production and detection of X-rays — Debye Scherrer
method Y Sample preparation Y Identification of powder diffraction patterns Y Quantitative analysis Y Molecular Luminescence: Fluorometry and
Phosphorimetry Y Fluorescence and phosphorescence Y Factors affecting fluorescence and phosphorescence Y Internal conversion Y External
conversion Y Quenching Y Theory Y Relation between intensity of fluorescence and concentration Y Calculation of results Y Measurement of fluorescence
Y Filter fluorometers Y Spectrofluorometers Y Advantages Y Limitations Y Precautions Y Selection of an excitation wavelength for analysis Y Reporting
fluorescence spectra Y Applications of fluorometric analysis Y Applications in inorganic chemistry Y Organic and biological applications Y Special
fluorometric applications Y Phosphorimetry Y Applications of phosphorimetry Y Solvents used Y Chemiluminescence Y Nephelometry and
Turbidimetry Y Light scattering Y Nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Choice between nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Turbidity and colorimetry Y
Nephelometry and fluorometry Y Theory of nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Instruments for nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Turbidimetric titrations Y
Applications of turbidimetry and nephelometry Y Electron and Ion Spectroscopy Y General techniques in surface spectroscopy Y Basic principles of
electron spectroscopy Y Photoelectric effect and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) Y Photoelectron spectroscopy and Koopman’s theorem Y X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) Y Principles of XPS or ESCA Y Instrumentation for XPS or
ESCA Y Applications of XPS or ESCA Y Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) Y Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) Y Photoacoustic
Spectroscopy (PAS) or Optoacoustic Spectroscopy (OAS) Y Basic principles of PAS — the photoacoustic effect Y Photoacoustic spectra Y
Instrumentation Y Advantages of PAS over conventional absorption spectroscopy Y Applications of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) Y Surface
applications of PAS Y Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Y Nuclear spin and magnetic moment Y Nuclear magnetic resonance —
origin of NMR spectra Y Theory of NMR spectroscopy Y Precession of particles in a field Y Nuclear resonance Y Saturation — Relaxation processes in
NMR Y Flipping - the origin of signal Y Instrumentation Y Technique and principle Y Experimental methods of NMR spectroscopy Y Some important
aspects of NMR spectrum Y Interpretation of NMR spectra Y Types of environmental effects - chemical shift and spin spin splitting Y Chemical shift —
shielding and deshielding of magnetic nuclei Y Measurement of chemical shift and spin spin splitting Y Factors influencing chemical shift Y Spin spin
splitting or spin spin coupling Y NMR spectrum of CH 3CHO Y Cause of chemical shift and shielding Y The coupling constant J Y Factors influencing the
coupling constant J Y Rules governing multiple spectra when ∆v/J> 7 Y Chemical shift equivalence and magnetic equivalence Y Classification (ABX,
AMX, ABC, A2B2 etc.) Y Double resonance — spin spin decoupling and Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) Y Effect of chemical exchange on spectra Y
Deuterium labelling Y Determination of peak areas Y Sample handling Y Complicating factors Y Spectroscopy tricks Y Study of isotopes other than
protons Y Fluorine—19 Y Phosphorus—31 Y Carbon—13 Y Boron—11 Y Limitations of NMR spectroscopy Y Fourier Transform (FT) NMR Y
Advantages of FT NMR Y Applications of NMR spectroscopy Y Use of NMR in medical diagnostics Y Some solved problems Y Electron Spin
Resonance Spectroscopy (Electron-Paramagnetic Resonance) Y Factors affecting the g-value Y Limitations of ESR Y Difference between ESR
and NMR Y Instrumentation Y Electron nucleus coupling or electron nucleus interaction Y Hyperfine interactions-isotropic and anisotropic coupling

21
(splitting) constants Y The spin hamiltonian Y Quantitative analysis Y Sensitivity Y Choice of solvent Y Applications of ESR Y Study of free radicals Y
Electronic structure and hyperfine splitting—Spin densities and McConnell relationship Y Triplet states — zero field splitting and Kramer’s degeneracy Y
Analytical applications of ESR Y Determination of reaction rates and mechanisms by ESR Y Structural determination by ESR Y Study of inorganic
compounds by ESR Y Transition elements Y Biological systems Y Endor and eldor Y Continuous process analysers Y Carbon- 13 NMR Spectroscopy
(CMR) Y Recording of 13 C spectra Y Multiplicity - proton (1H) decoupling-noise decoupling Y Off resonance decoupling Y Selective proton decoupling Y
Deuterium substitution Y Chemical shift equivalence Y Chemical shift Y Chemical shifts for alkenes (ppm from TMS) Y Chemical shifts for substituted
alkenes (ppm from TMS) Y Chemical shifts for saturated heterocyclics (ppm from TMS) Y Chemical shifts for alcohols (ppm from TMS) Y Nuclear
Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) Spectroscopy Y Quadrupole nuclei and quadrupole moment Y Electric field gradient (EFG) and quadrupole
coupling constant (QCC) Y Splitting in NQR spectra Y Applications of NQR spectroscopy Y Electron Microscopy and Electron Diffraction Y
Principles Y Instrumentation Y Disadvantages Y Applications Y Electron diffraction, X-ray projection microscopy and X-ray microprobe analysis Y
Electron diffraction Y Electron diffraction of gases and vapours Y Scattering intensity and scattering angle Y The Wierl equation and the measurement
techniques Y Correlation method Y The radial distribution method Y Applications of electron diffraction Y Low energy electron diffraction and structure of
surfaces Y Advantages of electron diffraction method over X-ray method Y X-ray projection microscopy Y X-ray microprobe analyser Y Instruments Y
Component arrangement Y X-ray optics Y Analytical information Y Sample preparation Y Applications Y Neutron Diffraction Y Absorbance of matter
in matter — Scattering of neutrons by solids and liquids Y Diffraction of neutrons Y Neutron diffraction — theoretical Y Neutron diffraction —
experimental Y Applications of neutron diffraction Y Crystal structure Y Proton—neutron interaction Y Study of magnetic materials — Magnetic scattering
and elucidation of structure of magnetically ordered unit cell Y In providing a source of cold neutrons Y Mass Spectrometry Y Principle of mass
spectrometry Y Advantages of mass spectrometry Y Mass spectrometer Y Principle of operation of mass spectrometer Y Reactions inside the mass
spectrometer Y Resolution Y Principle of measurement Y Double focusing Y Sample handling Y Ion sources Y Mass analysers Y Ion separators and time of
flight separators Y Measurement of ion currents Y Ion detectors Y Instrumentation and vacuum system Y The vacuum system Y Mass spectrum Y
Fragmentation Y Rules for predicting prominent peaks in mass spectrum Y Re-arrangements Y Important characteristics of mass spectra of some
compounds Y Alkanes and cycloalkanes Y Alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons) Y Aromatic hydrocarbons Y Alcohols Y Aromatic alcohols Y Phenols Y
Aliphatic ethers Y Aryl ethers Y Aliphatic ketones Y Aliphatic aldehydes Y Aromatic ketones Y Aromatic aldehydes Y Aliphatic carboxylic acids Y Aromatic
acids Y Aliphatic amines Y Aromatic monoamines Y Aliphatic nitriles Y Aliphatic nitro compounds Y Aromatic nitro compounds Y Nitrogen rule Y Ring
rule Y Qualitative applications Y Quantitative applications Y Mossbauer Spectroscopy Y Resonance fluorescence and absorption in nuclei Y
Mossbauer effect Y Apparatus for Mossbauer spectroscopy Y Lamb Mossbauer factor Y Mossbauer nuclides Y Formation of Mossbauer nuclides Y
Standard reference absorber Y Applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy Y Iron proteins.

290–09 Chemical Kinetics –Gurdeep Raj

Y Introduction to Chemical Kinetics Y Slow and Fast Reactions Y Why Reactions Proceed at Different Rates ? Y Rate of Reaction Y Velocity Constant
or Rate Constant Y Factor Affecting Reaction Rates Y Elementary Reaction Y Complex Reaction Y Molecularity of a Reaction Y Order of a Reaction Y
Order and Molecularity of Simple Reactions Y Order and Molecularity of Complex Reactions Y Reactions Having no Order Y Elementary, Composite and
Chain Reactions Y Zero Order Reactions Y First Order Reactions Y Algebra of First Order Reactions Y Characteristics of Reactions of First Order Y
First Order Rate Constant Y Physical Significance of k1 Y First Order Reactions in the Gas Phase Y First Order Reactions in Solutions Y First Order
Reactions Y Pseudo-Unimolecular Reactions Y Radioactive Decay Y Relative Strengths of Acids Y Second Order Reactions Y The Algebra of Second
Order Reactions Y Characteristics of the Second Order Reactions Y Physical Significance of k 2 Y Third Order Reactions Y The Algebra of Different
Types of Third Order Reactions Y Characteristics of Third Order Reactions Y Examples of Third Order Reactions Y Complex Reactions or Reactions of
Higher Orders Y Algebra of nth Order Reactions Y Kinetic Explanation of Their Rarity Y Mechanism of Complex Reactions Y General mechanism of
Complex Reactions Y Franck-Robinovich Effect or Cage Effect Y Reactions of Fractional Orders Y Reactions of Fractional Order Y Algebra of
Fractional Order Reactions Y Characteristics Y Rate Equations for Reactions in Flow Systems Y Plug Flow Method Y Stirred Flow Method Y
Methods of Determination of Order of a Reaction Y Integration Method or Hit and Trial Method Y Fractional Change Method Y Graphical Method
Y Powell Graphical Method Y Van’t Hoff’s Differential Method Y Isolation Method Y Method of Ratio Variation Y Guggenheim’s Method of Analysis Y
Comparison of Methods Y Experimental Techniques for Slow Reactions Y Measurement of Rate of Slow Reactions Y Chemical Methods Y Physical
Methods Y Conventional Kinetic Systems Y Kinetics of Fast Reactions Y Absolute Rate Theory Applied to Fast Reactions Y Pulse Radiolysis Y
Disturbing Factors in Determining Order of Reactions Y Side Reactions or Parallel Reactions or Competing Reactions Y Opposing Reactions Y
Consecutive Reactions Y Surface Reactions Y Induction Period Y Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rates Y Temperature Co-Efficient Y
Explanation of Temperature Co-Efficient on the Basis of Simple Collision Theory Y The Arrhenius Equation Y Activation Energy and Chemical Reaction
Y The Activation Energies and the Potential Energy Surfaces Y Collision Theory of Reaction Rates Y Classical Collision Theory Y Modified
Collision Theory Y Absolute Reaction Rate or Transition State Theory Y Thermodynamical Formulation of Reaction Rate Y Comparison and

22
Collision Theory and Absolute Reaction Rate Theory Y Transmission Coefficient Y Entropy of Activation Y Advantages of Thermodynamic Formulation
over Absolute Theory of Reaction Rates Y Discussion of Transiton State Theory Y Validity of the Transition State Theory Y Unimolecular Reactions
Y Theories of Unimolecular Reactions Y Trimolecular Reactions or Termolecular Reactions Y Sim ple Col li sion The ory Y Bodenstein’s
Theory Y Absolute Theory Y Reactions Mechanism Y Reac tions Where First Step is the Rate-Determin ing One Y Reactions in Which the First
Step of The Mech a nism is a Fast Equi lib rium Which Gives rise to an In terme di ate and the lat ter thus Re acts Slowly in the Rate-De termin ing Step
Y Re ac tions In volv ing More than Two El e men tary Pro cesses with at Least One Slow Step Y Re ac tions Where all the Steps Have Com pa ra ble
Rates Y General Mechanism Appli cable to Thermal Decompositions and Iosmerisations Y Chain Reactions Y Distinguishing Features of Chain
Reactions Y Mecha nism of Chain Reactions Y Detec tion and Es ti ma tion of At oms and Radi cals in Chain Reac tions Y Ki netics of Chain Reactions
Y Ex am ples of the Steady-State Treat ment Y Or ganic De com po si tions Y Autoxidations Y The Hy dro gen-Ox y gen Re ac tion Y Poly meri sa tion
Re ac tions Y Catalysis and Catalysts Y Types of Ca tal y sis Y Cri te ria or Char ac ter is tics of Ca tal y sis Y Theory of Homogeneous Reactions Y
Theory of Heterogeneous Catalysis Y Quantitative Treatment of Adsorption (Theory of Heterogeneous Catalysis) Y Ab solute Rate The ory in
Heterogeneous Gas Reactions Y Classification of Catalysis Y Acid-Base Catalysis Y Kinetics in Liquid Solutions Y Theory of Absolute Reaction
Rates Applicable to Reactions in Ideal Solutions Y Theory of Absolute Rates Applicable to the Reaction Between Ions in Solution Y Salt Effect Y Linear
Free Energy Relationships (LFER) Y Relaxation Time for a Simple Reaction in Solution Y Kinetic Isotope Effects Y Diffusion-Controlled Reactions Y
Electrode Kinetics Y Oscillatory Reactions Y Atom-Atom Combination Reactions Y Kinetic Isotope Effect.

291–07 Photo Chemistry –Gurdeep Raj

Y Introduction of Photochemistry Y Importance of Photochemistry Y Types of Chemical Reactions Y Difference Between Dark and Photochemical
Reactions Y Thermal Emission and Photoluminescence Y Laws of Photochemistry Y Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Y Absorption of Light Y
Laws of Photochemistry Y Determination of Compositon of the complex, AB n Y Spectrophotometric Determination of Equilibrium Constant Y Quantum
Efficiencies or Quantum Yields Y Experimental Determination of Quantum Yields Y Deviations in the Law of Photochemical Equivalence Y Factors
Affecting Quantum Yield Y Photochemical Reactions and their Kinetics Y Kinds of Photo Chemical Reactions Y Photochemical Kinetics Y Reactions
Which do not Involve Chains Y Photochemical Equilibrium or Photostationary State Y Photo Process Y Electronic Transition in Molecules Y
Consequences of Light Absorption : The Jablonski Diagram Y Luminescence Y Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Y Comparison of Fluorescence and
Phosphorescence with Absorption Methods Y Franck-Condon Principle Y Antistoke’s Behaviour Y Quenching of Fluorescence Y Chemiluminescence Y
Bioluminescence Y Electroluminescence Y Photosensitisation Y Energy Transfer in Photochemical Reactions: Photosensitization and Quenching Y
Atmosphric Photochemistry Y Photochemical Formation of Smog Y Biophotosensitization Y Protein Photo-Oxidation Y Nucleic Acids Y Photochemical
Inhibition Y Period of Induction Y Theory of Human Vision Y Thermoluminescence Y Triboluminescence Y Photophoresis Y Photochemical After-Effect
Y Budde Effect Y Drapper Effect Y Flash Photolysis Y Photoconductivity Y Radiation Chemistry Y Radiolysis of Water Y High-Energy Radiolysis Y Laser
Techniques Y Solar Energy Conversion and Storage Y Solar Energy Conversion and Storage Y Photo Addition Reactions Y Geometry of Excited States Y
Cis-trans Isomerization Reactions Y Photosynthesis Y Source of Oxygen liberated in Photosynthesis Y Photosynthesis and Pigments Y Path of Carbon
dioxide in Photosynthesis Y Mechanism of Photosynthesis Y Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Y Photosynthesis in Bacterial Systems Y Latent Image Y
Structure of the Silver Halide Grains Y Theories of Formation of Latent Image Y Effect of Temperature on the Formation of Latent Image Y Photoelectric
Effect Y Introduction to Photoelectric Effect Y Discovery of Photoelectric Effect Y Laws of Photoelectric Emission Y Explanation of Photoelectric Emission Y
Mechanism of Photoelectron Emission Y Photoelectric Cells Y Photoelectric Fatigue Y Photoelectrochemistry Y Hot Atom Reactions Y Radiation-
Chemical Reactions Y Primary Radiolytic Process Y Ion-pair Yield Y G value Y Wood-Bonhoeffer Method.

292–03 Thermodynamics –Gurdeep Raj

Y Introductory Concepts of Thermodynamics Y Various Branches of Thermodynamics Y Importance of Thermodynamics Y Limitations of

Thermodynamics Y Terminology of Thermodynamics Y Perfect Differentials Y Cyclic Rule Y Simple Systems Y Homogeneous Function Y Euler’s
Theorem on Homogeneous Functions Y Integrating Factor Y Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Y Demonstration Y Mathematical Treatment of Zeroth
Law of Thermodynamics Y Limitation of Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Y First Law of Thermodynamics Y Conservation of Energy-The First Law of
Thermodynamics Y Internal Energy Y Enthalpy Y Heat Capacity Y Heat Y Energy Y Work Y Reversible Work of Expansion (Reversibility and Maximum
Work) Y Irreversible Work of Expansion Y Comparison of Wrev and Wirr Y Work Done in Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas (Reversible Expansion) Y
Adiabatic Irreversible Expansion Y Quasi-static Process Y Polytropic Process Y Variation of Energy with Temperature and Volume Y Enthalpy as a
Functions of T and P Y Applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics Y Reversible Isothermal Expansion of Real Gas Obeying Van der Waals

23
Equation Y Reversible Adiabatic Expansion of Real Gas Obeying Van der Waals Equation Y Thermochemistry Y Introduction to Thermochemistry Y
Thermochemical Equation Y Conventions Used in Writing Thermochemical Equations Y Heat of Reaction or Enthalpy of Reaction Y Factors on Which
Heat of Reaction or Enthalpy of Reaction Depends Y Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions Y Standard Enthalpy Changes Y Various Types of Enthalpy
Changes Y Experimental Determination of ∆ E and ∆ H Y Kirchhoff’s Equation Y Maximum Flame Temperature Y Explosion Temperature Y Bond
Enthalpies or Energies Y Laws of Thermochemistry Y The Second Law of Thermodynamics Y Spontaneous Processes Y Non-Spontaneous Processes Y
Limitations of First Law of Thermodynamics-Need for the Second Law of Thermodynamics Y Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics Y Proof of
the Second Law Y Is Second Law True ? Y Is Second Law Applicable to Cycle Process Only ? Y Thermodynamic Scale Y Proof of the Equivalence of the
Kelvin-Planck and Clausius Statements Y Entropy Y Heat Engine Y Carnot’s Heat Engine Y Carnot’s Cycle in the Reverse Order-Refrigerator Y Carnot’s
Theorem Y Properties of a Cyclic Process : Clausius Theorem Y Entropy Y Physical Significance of Entropy Y Maxwell's Thermodynamical Relations
Y Derivation Y Free Energy Work Functions Y The Helmholtz Free Energy Work Function, ‘A’ Y The Gibbs Free Energy Work Function, G Y

Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation Y Criteria for Feasibility or Spontaneity of a Process Y Coupled Reactions Y Thermodynamic Equilibria and Free Energy
Function Y Thermodynamic Deductions from Free Energy Functions Y Applications of Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation Y The Clapeyron-Clausius
Equation Y Entropies of Vaporization of Liquids at Their Normal Boiling Points-Trouton’s Rule Y Thermodynamics of Elevation of Boiling Point Y
Relation Between Osmotic Pressure and Elevation of Boiling Point Y Thermodynamics of Depression of Freezing Point Y Relation Between Osmotic
Pressure and Depression of Freezing Point Y Raoult’s Law Y Chemical Equilibrium Y Reversible Reactions Y Irreversible Reactions Y Chemical
Equilibrium Y Law of Mass Action Y Le Chatelier’s Principle Y Thermodynamic Derivation of Law of Mass Action Y Van’t Hoff’s Reaction Isotherm Y
Vant’s Hoff’s Reaction Isochore Y Van’t Hoff Reaction Isobar Y Nernst Heat Theorem and Third Law of Thermodynamics Y Nernst Heat
Theorem Y Third Law of Thermodynamics Y Exceptions to the Third Law Y Entropy and Degeneracy Y Comparison of the Third Law With Other
Laws Y Chemical Affinity Y Introduction to Chemical Affinity Y Applications of Chemical Affinity Y Limitations Y Methods for Determining the
Chemical Affinity of A Reaction Y Partial Molar Properties Y Introduction to Partial Molar Properties Y Physical Significance of Partial Molar
Quantities Y Determination of Partial Molar Properties Y Chemical Potential Y Gibbs Duhem Equation Y Variation of Chemical Potential With
Temperature Y Chemical Potential of a Pure Solid or Pure Liquid Y Chemical Potential of a Pure Ideal Gas Y The Chemical Potential of an Ideal Gas
in a Mixture of Ideal Gases Y Thermodynamic Functions of Mixing Y Ideal Solutions and Chemical Potential Y Applications of The Concept of
Chemical Potential Y De Donders Concept of Degree of Advancement of a Reaction Y Fugacity Y Introduction to Fugacity Y Fugacity Coefficient Y
Units of Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient Y Fugacity of Solids and Liquids Y Determination of Fugacity Y Change of Fugacity with Pressure Y
Change of Fugacity with Temperature Y Fugacity of a Gas in a Mixture of Real Gases Y Determination of Fugacity of a Gas in a Mixtures : Lewis
Randall Rule Y Activity and Activity Coefficients Y Introduction to Activity Y Activity Coefficient of a Gas Y Relation Between Fugacity and
Activity Coefficient of a Gas Y Activity and Activity Coefficient of Solution Y Choice of The Standard State Y Determination of Activity Y Variation of
Activity of a Gas with Pressure and Temperature Y Variation of Activity Coefficient of a Gas with Pressure and Temperature Y Specific Heat of
Solids and Gases Y Specific Heat of Solids Y Specific Heat of Gases Y Statistical Thermodynamics (Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics) Y
Statistical Mechanics Y Statistical Thermodynamics Y Statistical Methods Y Probability Theorems in Statistical Thermodynamics Y Phase Space Y
System Y System, Assembly and Ensemble Y Statistical Weight Factor, g Y Configuration Y Liouville’s Theorem Y Statistical Equilibrium Y Probability
Y Statistical Probability Y Thermodynamic Probability Y Relationship between Probability and Thermodynamic Probability of a Macrostate Y Most
Probable Macrostate of a System (Wmp ) Y Relation Between Entropy and Thermodynamic Probability Y Stirling’s Approximation Y Postulates of
Statistical Mechanics Y General Expression for W, the Thermodynamic Probability Y Classical or Botzmann’s Statistics (Boltzmann’s Distribution Law)
or Maxwell-Boltmann’s Statistics Y Conditions of Applicability of Boltzmann’s Statistics Y Partition Function Y Expression for the Total Molecular
Partition Function of a System Y Partition Functions and Thermodynamic Functions Y Relationship Between Molar Partition Function (Z ) and
Molecular Partition Function (Q) of a System Y Expressions for Thermodynamic Functions in Terms of Molar Partition Functions ‘ Z ’ Y Expression for
Translational Partition Function (Qt ) of a Particle (Atom or Molecule) Y Applications of Translational Partition Function Y Thermodynamic Functions
of a Perfect Monoatomic Gas Y Molecular Rotational Partition Function (Qrot ) Y Rotational Thermodynamic Functions Y Vibrational Partition
Function (Qvib) of a Diatomic Molecule Y Vibrational Thermodynamic Functions Y Electronic Partition Function Y Electronic Thermodynamic
Functions Y Nuclear Partition Function Y Total Partition Function Y Internal Partition Function (Qi ) of an Atomic System Y Statistical Expression for
Equilibrium Constant Y Equipartition of Energy Y Bose-Einstein Statistics Y Limitations of Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics Y Bose-Einstein Statistics
Y Bose-Einstein Condensation Y Fermi-Dirac Statistics Y Comparison Amongst Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Statistics Y

Calculation of Fermi Energy of Electron Gas in the Metal Y Average Energy of an Electron in Metals Y Thermodynamic Functions of Degenerate
Fermi-Dirac Gas Y Thermionic Emission Y Non-Equilibrium or Irreversible Thermodynamics Y Reversible and irreversible Processes Y Types
of Irrersibility of a Process Y Postulates of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Y Entropy Production Y Entropy Production and its Rate in Heat Flow Y
Entropy Production and its Rate in Matter (or Mass) Flow Y Entropy Production and its Rate in a Chemical Reaction Y Flow, Flux and Force Y Forces
and Fluxes Y Onsagar Relations and Applications Y Wiener-Khintchine Theorem Fourier Analysis of a Random Function Y Linear Laws Y Stationary
States Y Stationary States and Entropy Production Y Prigogine’s Principle of Minimum Entropy Production Y Entropy Production In Coupled
Phenomena Y Applications of Irreversible Thermodynamics to Thermoelectric Effects.

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 298–05 Analytical Chemistry –B.K. Sharma

Y Introduction Y Analytical chemistry Y Role of analytical chemistry Y Classification of analytical method-classical and instrumental methods Y

Advantages of instrumental methods Y Advantages of chemical methods Y Limitations of methods Y Limitations of chemical methods Y Factors
affecting the development of physicochemical methods Y The analytical chemist and analyst Y Areas of analytical chemistry Y Problems in analysis
Y Steps in analysis Y Types of instrumental analysis Y Selection of an analytical method Y Sensitivity and detection limits Y Precision and accuracy Y

Fundamentals in analytical chemistry Y Good laboratory habits (neatness and cleanliness) Y Methods of analysis Y Mass, weight, weighing
techniques Y Analytical balance Y Weighing errors Y Weighing the sample Y Volumetric techniques Y Common laboratory operations Y Filtering Y
Drying Y Measuring volume and calibration of burettes and pipettes Y Graphs Y Stoichiometry Y Standards Y Chemical standards Y Basic
laboratory operations Y Sampling Y Drying Y Weighing Y Dissolving Y Acid treatment Y Flux treatment Y Difficulties in using fluxes Y
Decomposition of organic matter Y Requirements for the suitability of a reaction for use in chemical analysis Y Precipitation Y Formation of
precipitate Y Properties of precipitates Y Particle size Y Colloidal state Y Coprecipitation Y Post precipitation Y Surface adsorption Y Steps in
minimising surface adsorption Y Occlusion Y Types of precipitates Y Types of precipitating reagents Y Rules of work in an analytical laboratory Y
General rules of performing quantitative determinations Y Rules of performing volumetric determinations Y Rules of performing gravimetric
determinations Y Laboratory note book Y Safety in the analytical laboratory Y Reagents Y General safety regulations - Handling of reagents Y Rules
of working with harmful substances Y Rules of fire prevention Y First aid in case of burns and cuts Y Prevention of accidents and first aid in
laboratory Y Error and Evaluation Y Errors Y Determinate or constant errors Y Types of determinate errors - sources of errors and the effects upon
the analytical results Y Types of indeterminate or random errors Y Accuracy and precision Y Absolute error and relative error Y Mean, median,
standard deviation, relative mean deviation and relative standard deviation Y Rejection of measurements Y Confidence interval tests of significance
Y Minimisation of errors Y Significant figures and computation - Statistical evaluation of data Y Computation rules - methods for reporting analytical

data Y Use of the slide rule Y Use of the logarithms Y Food Analysis Y Qualitative analysis - organic substances Y Quantitative analysis Y Test for
proteins Y Colour tests for proteins Y Test for carbohydrates Y Determination of moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fibre etc. in food materials
Moisture Y Ash Y Crude fat or ether extract Y Soxhlet extractor Y Crude protein Y True protein Y Curde fibre Y Starch Y Analysis of sugars
(carbohydrates) Y Estimation of sucrose in a given sample of cane sugar Y Estimation of glucose and sucrose in cane juice Y Estimation of glucose
and sucrose in a sample of gur Y Estimation of glucose and sucrose in a sample of gur (iodometric method) Y Determination of phosphorus in plant
or food material Y Destruction of organic matter Y Determination of total Na, K, Ca and Mg in food materials (by flame photometry) Y Pressure
regulators and flow meters Y Flame source Y Atomizers and burners Y Optical and electronic system Y Photosensitive detectors Y Flame
photometers Y Flame spectrophotometers Y Single beam and double beam instruments Y Calibration curve Y Pesticides Analysis Y Separation
and detection of pesticides by TLC Y Separation of isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC of HCH) by TLC Y Separation of chlorinated
pesticides by TLC Y Separation of organo phosphorus pesticides by TLC Y Separation of pesticides by GLC Y Separation of pesticides by HPLC Y
Separation of pesticides by polarography Y Analysis of pesticides by spectrometric methods Y Pesticide analysis in food products Y Analysis of BHC
residues in foodstuffs Y Determination of DDT residues in food grains Y Determination of methyl parathion residues in food grains and vegetables Y
Estimation of malathion residues in food grains Y Food Adulteration Y Food adulteration Y Common food adulterants of main foodstuffs Y

Detection or microscopic examination of adulterants in some common foodstuffs Y Cereals Y Pulses Y Beverages Y Milk Y Vegetable oils and fats Y Pure
ghee Y Sweets Y Spices and condiments Y Food additives Y Contamination of foodstuffs Y Sampling of can contents Y Direct microscopic examination Y
Interpretation of results Y Analysis of Water Pollution Y Water Pollution Y Origin of waste water Y Definitions of water pollution Y Water
Pollutants Y Types of water pollution Y Physical pollution of water Y Chemical pollution of water Y Biological pollution of water Y Physiological
pollution of water Y Types of Water Pollution Y Ground water pollution Y Protecting ground water from pollution Y Surface water pollution Y

Lake water pollution Y How excess nutrients can kill a lake Y River water pollution Y Water deterioration at world level Y Sea water pollution Y
Marine pollution Y Oil pollution of water Y Sources of oil pollutants in sea water Y Effect of oil pollution in marine water Y Counter measures against
oil spills Y Sources of Water Pollution Y Sewage and domestic wastes Y Industrial effluents Y Agricultural discharges Y Fertilizers Y Detergents Y
Toxic metals Y Siltation Y Thermal pollutants Y Radioactive materials in water Y Classification of Water Pollutants Y Inorganic pollutants and
toxic metals Y Detrimental effects of inorganic pollutants Y Toxic metals Y Detrimental effects of trace metals Y Organic pollutants Y Detrimental
effects of organic pollutants Y Sediments Y Detrimental effects of sediments Y Synthetic detergents Y Detrimental effects of detergents Y Oxygen
demanding wastes Y Disease causing agents Y Detrimental effects of pathogens Y Index organisms of water contamination Y Radioactive pollutants
Y Detrimental effects of radioactive pollutants in water Y Plant nutrients Y Eutrophication Y Thermal pollutants in water Y Detrimental effects of

thermal pollutants Y Biological pollutants Y Detrimental effects of primary pollutants Y Detrimental effects of corollary pollutants Y Pesticides
pollution Y Sources of pesticidal pollutants in water Y Persistent pesticides Y Distribution of persistent pesticides Y Biological magnification

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Y Biodegradation of pesticides Y Mode of poisoning of pesticides Y General toxic effects of some pesticides Y The degradation and mobility of pesticides
Y Gaseous pollutants Y Farm wastes Y Fertilizers Y Suspended matters Y Auto exhaust as water pollutant Y Analysis of Water Pollutants Y Analysis

of water pollutants Y Chemical and physical examination of water Y Taking the sample Y Preservation and preconcentration methods Y Important
parameters for water analysis Y Colour Y Turbidity Y Odour Y Taste Y Temperature Y Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) Y Electrical conductivity Y
Solids Y Suspended solids Y Dissolved solids Y Total solids Y Acidity Y Total acidity Y Alkalinity Y Free carbon dioxide Y Free chlorine Y Chlorine
demand Y Hardness Y Methods of determining hardness Y Different forms of nitrogen Y Ammonia Y Free ammonia Y Albuminoid nitrogen Y Nitrate
and nitrite Y Alternative methods of analysing nitrite and nitrate Y Nitrite Y Nitrate Y Cyanide Y Sulphate Y Sulphide Y Chloride Y Fluoride Y

Fluoridation Y Phosphates Y Dissolved oxygen Y Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Y Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Y Heavy Metal
Pollution Y Trace metals, light metals and heavy metals Y Deadly heavy metals Y Sources of heavy metals Y Heavy metals-poisons in every bite Y Public

health significance of some heavy metals Y Arsenic Y Lead Y Mercury Y Mercury poisoning episodes Y Copper Y Chromium Y Zinc Y Manganese Y

Cadmium Y General instrumental techniques for the analysis of heavy metals in air and water Y Soil Analysis Y Fundamentals Y Determination of soil
moisture Y Soil reaction Y pH value Y Determination of pH of the soil Y Colorimetric determination of the soil pH Y Potentiometric determination of pH Y
Advantages of hydrogen electrode Y Disadvantages of hydrogen electrode Y pH indicating electrodes Y Advantages of quinhydrone electrode Y

Disadvantages of quinhydrone electrode Y Measurement of pH of the soil with glass electrode Y Advantages of glass electrode Y Disadvantages of glass
electrode Y Advantages of antimony electrode Y Disadvantages of antimony electrode Y Determination of lime and liming material in soil Y

Determination of silica and phosphorus in soil Y Determination of total nitrogen in soils Y Determination of total nitrogen of the soil (alternate method) Y
Determination of total manganese in soil Y Determination of total sulphur in soils Y Determination of soluble salts (alkali salts) in soils Y Mechanical
analysis of soil Y Fuels and Fuel Analysis Y What is a fuel Y Calorific value Y Determination of calorific value Y Modern concept of fuels Y Classification
of fuels Y Criterion of selection of fuel Y Properties of fuels Y Fossil fuels Y Solid Fuels Y Natural solid fuels Y Artificial solid fuels Y Industrial solid fuels Y
Formation of coal Y Properties of coal Y Classification of coal Y Coking and non coking coals Y Pulverised coal Y Role of sulphur and ash in coal Y

Advantages of solid fuels over liquid and gaseous fuels Y Disadvantages of solid fuels over liquid and gaseous fuels Y Composition of coal Y Analysis of
coal Y Proximate analysis Y Ultimate analysis Y Calorific value (theoretical calculation) Y Fuels for metallurgy Y Colloidal fuels Y Gaseous fuels Y

Classification of gaseous fuels Y Natural gaseous fuels Y Natural gasoline Y Aviation gasoline Y Kerosene oil Y Gas oil Y Diesel fuel Y Benzol Y Artificial
gaseous fuels Y Water gas Y Carburetted water gas Y Producer gas Y Semiwater gas Y Oil gas Y Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) Y Bio gas or gobar gas Y More
efficient biogas plants Y Better biogas plants Y Small scale biogas synthesis Y To make biogas less polluting Y Advantages of gaseous fuels over solid and
liquid fuels Y Disadvantage of gaseous fuels Y Gas analysis Y Methods employed Y Gas collection Y Simple gas burette levelling tube and
pipette—Hempel apparatus Y General procedure Y Analysis of fuel gases Y Orsat apparatus for fuel gases Y Liquid fuels Y Petroleum Y Occurrence Y
Mining of petroleum Y Prospecting Y Colour and consistency Y Origin Y Composition Y Classification Y Grading of petroleum Y Determination of flash
point Y Determination of aniline point Y Determination of carbon residue Y Knocking Y Antiknock compounds Y Octane number Y Cetane number Y
Clinical Analysis Y Composition of blood Y Collection and preservation of blood samples Y Anticoagulants Y Preservation of samples Y Serum
electrolytes Y Determination of blood glucose Y Determination of blood urea and blood urea nitrogen Y Diacetyl monoxime method Y Modified
diacetylmonoxime (DAM) thiosemicarbazide (TSC) method Y Blood urea nitrogen Y Determination of serum uric acid Y Determination of total protein
albumin, globulin and AG. ratio Y Biuret method Y Specific gravity method Y Determination of serum barbiturates (spectrophotometric method) Y

Determination of serum alkaline phosphate Y Determination of serum acid phosphatase Y Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Y Principle of RIA Y Applications of
RIA Y Blood Gas Analysis Y Process of obtaining arterial blood sample Y Blood gas symbols Y Blood gas instrumentation Y Arterial blood gases Y
Determination of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) Y Determination of oxygen saturation (SO2) Y Determination of oxygen (O2) content Y
Determination of partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) Y Determination of carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) content or total carbon dioxide (TCO2) Y Determination of
blood pH Y Trace Elements in the Body Y Calcium Y Magnesium Y Biological function of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions Y Sodium Y Potassium Y Biological
function of Na+ and K+ ions Y Chlorine Y Phosphorus Y Fluorine Y Iodine Y Sulphur Y Copper Y Zinc Y Molybdenum Y Manganese Y Chromium Y
Cobalt Y Iron Y Bioinorganic chemistry of iron Y Drug Analysis Y Narcotics and dangerous drugs Y Classification of drugs Y Pharmacological
classification Y Chemical classification Y Classification according to the action on an organism Y Classification according to therapeutic action Y

Classification according to effect Y Methods of screening and investigating the drugs Y Chemical methods Y Complexometric method of titration Y Acid
base titration in non aqueous media Y Express analysis Y Physicochemical methods Y Optical methods Y Refractometry Y Polarimetry Y Fluorimetry Y
Some determinations by fluorimetry Y Spectrophotometry Y Electrochemical methods Y Potentiometry Y Polarography Y Chromatographic methods Y
Thin layer chromatography Y Separation of vitamins by TLC Y Paper chromatography Y Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography Y Ion
exchange chromatography Y Gas chromatography Y Separation of amino acids by gas chromatography Y High performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) Y Biological methods Y Radioimmnroassay (RIA) methods.

26
 256–04 Biostatistics –Pardeep K. Jasra, Gurdeep Raj

Y Introduction to Biostatistics Y Definition of Biostatistics Y Brief History of Biostatistics Y What can be Done with Biostatistics Y Some
Definitions and Concepts Y Applications of Biostatistics Y Statistical Symbols Y Scales of Measurement Y Population and Samples Y Advantages
of Using a Sample Y Use of Tables of Random Numbers for Sampling Y Other Sampling Methods Y Sampling Techniques Y Sampling and
Non-sampling Errors Y Describing the Data : Tabular and Graphic Approaches Y Tabular Representation Y Graphical Representation Y
Properties of Graphically Represented Frequency Destributions Y Measure of Central Location Y Various Measures of Central Tendency Y

Arithmetic Mean Y Other Averages Y Median Y Mode Y Comparison of the Mean, Median, and Mode Y Measures of Position Y Measure of
Variability Y Range Y Mean Deviation Y Variance Y Standard Deviation Y Coefficient of Variation Y Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis Y Moment Y
Skewness Y Kurtosis Y Basic Probability Concepts Y Combining Probabilities Y Some Theoretical Distributions Y Binomial Distribution Y

Poisson Distribution Y Comparison between Binomial and Poisson Distribution Y Normal Probability Distribution Y Standard Normal Distribution Y
Applications of Normal Curve Distribution Curve Y Sampling Distribution Y Construction of Distribution of Sample Mean X Y Functional Form of
Sampling Disribution of X Y Practical value of Sampling Distribution of X Y Estimations I Y Point Estimate Y Interval Estimate Y Interval Estimate of a
Population Mean Y Interval Estimation of a Population Mean when σ is Unknown Y Working Rule for Computing Confidence interval for Population
Means Y Determination of Sample Size Y Estimation II Y Estimation of the Difference Between Two Means Y Sampling Distribution of X 1 – X 2 Y
Confidence Interval for (µ 1 – µ 2) Y Summary of Formulae Y Hypothesis Testing Y Errors Involved in Hypothesis Testing Y Level of Significance Y

Procedure for Hypothesis Testing Y Two-Tailed Tests About A Population Mean Y One-Tailed Tests of Means Y Hypothesis Testing By Means of a
Confidence Interval Y Statistical Decision Rules For Two-Tailed Tests When Variance is Unknown Y Statistical Inference about Means of Two Populations
S2
Y F-Tests Y Sampling Distribution of 1 Y Test of Hypothesis About the Variance of Two Populations Y Analysis of Variance Y One Way Analysis of
S2
2
Variance Y Working Rule for ANOVA Procedure Y Coding of Data Y Extension to Two-Way ANOVA Y Two-Way Analysis of Variance Y Correlation
Analysis Y Types of Correlation Y Methods of Studying Correlation Y Calculation of r by the Deviation Method Y Test for significance of Relationship Y

Interpretation of the Correlation Coefficient Y Regression Analysis Y The Scatter Diagram Y Linear Regression Y Plotting the Regression Line Y The variance
Around the Regression Line Y Confidence Intervals in Regression Y χ 2-Chi-Square Test Y Chi-square Distribution and its Characteristics Y Uses of
Chi-Square Y Degrees of Freesdom Y Method to Calculate the Expected Frequencies Y Necessary Sample Size Y The Continuity Correction Y
Working Rule for the Chi-Square Test Y Testing Goodness of Fit Y χ 2 Distribution of Sample Variance Y Nonparametric Meth ods or Tests
YWhen to use Non-Parametric Methods Y Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test Y Mann-Whiteney Test Y Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test Y Kruskal-Wallis
Test for Differences and More than Two Populations Y M C Nemar Test Y Sign Test for Paired Comparisions Y Rank Correlation Y
Ap pli ca tions of Com put ers in Biostatistical Anal y sis Y Role of Computers in Biostatistics Y Computer Programmes for Biostatistical
Analysis Y Ap pen dix: Sta tis ti cal Ta bles Y Concise Dictionary of Biostatistics.

Y Cellular Basis of Biochemistry Y Nature and Scope of Biochemistry Y Biophysical Chemistry Y Biological Important Properties of
water Y Intermolecular Forces Y Ionization (Ionic Dissociation) Y Acids and Bases Y Dissociation of Water Y The pH Value Y Buffer Solution Y
Properties of Solution Y Diffusion Y Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure Y Dialysis Y Colloidal State Y The Donnan Equilibrium Y Enzymes Y Chem i cal
Nature of the En zymes Y Coenzymes Y Prop erties of En zymes Y Fac tors Af fecting En zyme Ac tiv ity Y Units of Enzyme Ac tiv ity Y In hi bi tion Y
Com pet i tive in hi bi tion (Re vers ible in hi bi tion) Y Non-com peti tive in hi bi tion (Ir reversible in hi bi tion) Y Allosteric in hi bi tion (End prod uct
in hi bi tion) Y Sub strate and prod uct in hi bi tion Y Mecha nism of En zyme Action Y Genetic Code and En zyme Synthesis Y No men cla ture and
Classi fi cation of En zymes Y Oxidoreductases Y Transferases Y Hydrolases Y Lyases Y Isomerases Y Ligases Y (Synthetases) Y Isoenzymes Y

27
Multi-Enzyme Complexes Y Location of Enzymes in the Cell Y Diagnostic Applications of the Enzymes Y Therapeutic Uses of Enzymes Y Biological
Oxidations (Metabolism of Oxygen) Y Combustion and Biological Oxidation Y Oxidations Brought About Directly by Oxygen Y Oxidations
Brought About as Loss of Hydrogen Y Localization of the Respiratory chain in Mitochondria Y Oxidation Potential Y Oxidative Phosphorylation
(Phosphorylative Oxidation) Y Substrate Level Phosporylation Y Utilization of High Energy Phosphate Y Energy Rich Compounds Y
Transphosphorylations. Y Chemistry and Metabolism of Carbohydrates Y Chemistry of Carbohydrates Y Nomenclature and Classification Y
General Reactions of Monosaccharides Y Configurations of Monosaccharides Y Cyclic (Ring) Structures of Sugars Y Individual Carbohydrates of Biological
Importance Y Interconversion of Sugars Y Metabolism of Carbohydrates Y Metabolism of Carbohydrates Y Storage of Carbohydrates-Glycogen synthesis
and breakdown Y Oxidation Y Glycolysis Y The Citric Acid Cycle Y The Pentose Phosphate Pathway or Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) Shunt Y Other
Pathways of Glucose Metabolism Y The Uronic acid pathway Y Metabolism other hexoses and glycerol Y Metabolism of amino sugars (Hexoamines) Y Pasteur
and Carbtree Effects Y Gluconeogenesis Y Comparison of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Various Tissues Y Chemistry of Muscle Contraction Y Blood Sugar
Level Y Glycosuria or Mellitus Y Diabetes Mellitus Y Glucose Tolerance Y Glycosylate Haemoglobin Y Chemistry of Carbohydrates Y Metabolism of
Carbohydrates Y Chemistry of Lipid Y Classification Y Glycerol Y Simple Lipids Y Fats and Oils Y Waxes Y Compound Lipids Y Phospholipids
(Phosphatides) Y Glycolipids, Galactolipids or Cerebrosides Y Derived Lipids Y Sterols Y Bile Acids Y Hormones Y Normal Distribution of Lipids in
Various Tissues Y Metabolism of Lipids Y Digestion of Fats Y Metabolism of Fats and Oils (Neutral or Simple Lipids) Y Oxidation of Fatty Acids Y
Oxidation of Odd-carbon Fatty Acids Y Oxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Y Ketosis Y Ketogenesis Y Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids Y Prostaglandins Y
Biosynthesis of Fats (Triglycerides) Y Biosynthesis of Phospholipids (Phosphatides) Y Catabolism of Phospholipids Y Metabolism of Cerebrosides Y
Metabolism of Steriods Synthesis of Cholesterol Y Catabolism of Cholesterol Y Catabolism of Cholesterol to Neutral Sterols Y Catabolism of
Cholesterol to Bile Ac ids Y Catabolism of Cholesterol to Steroid Hormones Y Role of Liver in Lipid Metabolism Y Fatty Liver and Lipotroprism Y
Hormonal Control of Lipids metabolism Y Chemistry and Metabolism of Amino Acids and Proteins Y Chemistry of Amino Acids and
Proteins Y Classification of Amino Acids Y Characteristics of Amino Acids Y Polypeptides Y Proteins Y Characteristics of Proteins Y Functions of
proteins Y Classification to Proteins Y Composition of Proteins Y Structure of Proteins Y Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids Y Digestion of
Proteins Y Metabolic Nitrogen Pool Y Nitrogen Balance Y Metabolism of Proteins Y Proteins Biosynthesis Y Genetic Code Y Hormonal Effects on
Protein Anabolism Y General Catabolism of Amino Acids Y Conversion of α-Amino acids to α-Keto Acids Y Disposal of Nitrogen Y Disposal of Carbon
Skeleton Y Disposal of Sulphur Y Energetics of Amino Acids Oxidation Y General Biochemical Reaction involved in Amino Acids Catabolism Y
Catabolism of Individual Amino Acids Y Lysine Y Tryptophan Y Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Y (Aromatic Amino Acids) Y Threonine Y Valine, Leucine
and Isoleucine Y Methionine Y Semidispensable Amino Acids Y Cysteine and Cystine Y Serine Y Glycine Y Arginine Y Histidine Y Glutamic Acid Y
Aspartic Acid and Asparagine Y Proline Y Hydroxyproline Y Alanine Y Biosynthesis of Amino Acids Y Integration of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins
Metabolism Y Interconversion Between Three Different Metabolities Y Regulation and Control of Metabolism Y Chemistry and Metabolism of Nucleic
Acids Y Chemistry Y Structure of the Nucleic Acids Y Structure of Nucleotides Y Arrangement of Nucleotides in Nucleic Acid and the Structure of the Resulting
Molecule (Nucleic acid) Y Biologically Important Free Nucleotides Y Metabolism of Nucleic Acids Y Metabolism of Phosphoric Acid Y Metabolism of
Pentoses Y Metabolism of Purine Nucleotides Y Metabolism of Pyrimidine Nucleotides Y Metabolism of the Free Nucleotides (Coenzymes) Y Mononucleotides
Y Dinucleotides Y Metabolism of Nucleic Acids (Biosynthesis) Y Biological Significance of Nucleic Acids Y Cy clic AMP Y Bio chem i cal Im por tance of

Cy clic AMP Y The me tab o lism of In or ganic El e ments and Wa ter Y Cal cium Y Phos pho rus Y Mag ne sium Y So dium, Po tas sium and
Chlo rine Y Iron [Fe] Y Sul phur (S) Y Cop per (Cu) Y Io dine (I) Y Zinc (Zn) Y Co balt (Co) Y Man ga nese (Mn) Y Mo lyb de num Y Flu o rine (F) Y
Distribution of Water Y Wa ter Bal ance Y Elec tro lyte Bal ance and its Main te nance Y Cerebrospinal Fluid Y En ergy Me tab o lism Y Ca lo ric
Value of Food Y Re spi ra tory Quo tient (R.Q.) of Food stuffs Y Basal Me tab o lism Y Calorigenic or Spe cific Dy namic Ac tion (SDA) of Foods Y
En ergy Re quired for Dif fer ent Mus cu lar Ac tiv i ties Y To tal Ca lo ric Re quire ments Y Gen eral Bio chem i cal As pects of Diet Y Carbohydates Y
Lipids Y Pro teins Y Bal anced Diet Y Di etary Guide lines Y Vi ta mins Y Dis cov ery Y Clas si fi ca tion and No men cla ture Y Met a bolic Func tions of
the Vi ta mins Y Vi ta min A Y Vi ta min D (Calciferol) Y Vi ta min E (To coph erols) Y Vi ta min K Y Thi a min (Vi ta min B1) Y Ri bo fla vin (Vi ta min B 2 or
Vi ta min G) Y Ni a cin Y (Nic o tinic acid) Y Pyridoxine (Vi ta min B 6) Y Pantothenic acid (Vi ta min B 3) Y Carnitine Y Bi o tin Y Fo lic Acid Y p-Amino
ben zoic Acid (PABA) Y Vi ta min B12 (Cobalamines) Y Inositol Y α-Lipoic acid (Thioctic Acid) Y Choline Y Vi ta min C (Ascor bic Acid) Y
Di ges tion and Ab sorp tion Y Di ges tion Y Di gestion in the Mouth Y Di gestion in the Stom ach Y Di gestion in the In tes tine Y Ab sorp tion Y
Ab sorp tion of Car bo hy drates Y Ab sorp tion of Lipids Y Ab sorp tion of Amino Ac ids and Pro teins Y Changes in the Large In tes tine Y For ma tion
and Com po si tion of Fe ces Y Detoxication Mech a nism (The Me tab o lism of For eign Com pounds) Y Mech a nism of Detoxication Y
Ox i da tion Y Re duc tion Y Hy dro ly sis Y Con ju ga tion Y Detoxication of Pu tre fac tion Prod ucts in the Large In tes tine Y The Blood Y Func tions of
Blood Y Blood Vol ume Y Blood Groups Y Blood Trans fu sion Blood Com po si tion Y Blood Count ing Y Phys i cal Char ac ter is tics of Blood Y The
Formed El e ments of the Blood Y Eryth ro cytes (Red Blood Cor pus cles, RBC) Y Chem is try of He mo glo bin Y Me tab o lism of He mo glo bin Y
Porphyrinuria and Porphyria Y Leu co cytes (White Blood Cor pus cles, WBC) Y Blood Plate lets (Thrombocytes) Y Co ag u la tion (Clot ting) of
Blood Y In hib i tors of Co agu la tion Y Fibrinolysis Y Blood Clot ting Fac tors Y The Plasma Pro teins Y Al bu min Y Glob u lin Y Fibrinogen Y
En zymes Y The for ma tion of Plasma Pro teins Y Func tions of Plasma Pro teins Y The Res pi ra tion Y Com position of In spired and Ex pired
Gases Y Ni tro gen in Plasma Y Par tial Pres sure of Gases Y Dif fu sion Gra di ent and Gas Flow Y Trans port of Ox y gen Y Trans port of Car bon
Di ox ide Y Acid-Base Bal ance Y Ac ids and Bases Y pH in Liv ing Organ isms Y Reg u la tion of Acid-Base Bal ance Y Buffer Sys tem in pH

28
Regulation Y Respiratory Regulation of Acid Balance Y Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance Y Acidosis Y Alkalosis Y Chem is try and Func tions of
the Hor mones Y Mode of Ac tion of Hor mones Y Chem i cal Na ture of Hor mones Y Hor mones Se cret ing Glands Y Hypophyseal (Pi tu itary)
Hor mones Y An te rior Lobe (Adenohypophyseal) Hor mones Y Mid dle Lobe (Pars ) Hor mones Y Pos te rior Lobe (Neurohypophyseal)
Hor mones Y Thy roid Hor mones Y The Parathyroid Hor mones Y Hor mones of Pan creas Y In su lin Y Glucagon Y Ad re nal (Suprarenal)
Hor mones Y The Medullary Hor mones Y Adrenocortical Hor mones Y Go nadal (Sex) Hor mones Y Male Sex Hor mones Y (An dro gens or
Androgenic Hor mones) Y Fe male Sex Hor mones Y Pla cen tal Hor mones Y Hormone of the Pi neal Body (Epiph y sis) Y Hor mones from Kid ney
Y Tis sue Hor mones Y Hor mones of Gas tro in tes ti nal Tract Y Lo cal Hor mones Y Liver Func tions and their Test Y Functions of Liver Y Tests
Based on the Secretory Functions of Liver Y Tests Based on the excretory Functions of Liver Y Tests Based on Conjugation Y (Protective) Functions of Liver Y
Tests Based on Carbohydrate Y Metabolic Functions of Liver Y Tests Based on Lipid Metabolic Functions of Liver Y Tests Based on Protein Metabolic Functions
of Liver Y Tests Based on Vitamin Metabolism Functions of Liver Y Tests Based upon Iron Metabolism Function of Liver Y Tests Based upon Level of Enzymes.
Y Formation and Composition of Urine Y Formation of Urine Y Hormonal Regulation of Kidney Function Y Physical Characteristics of Urine Y

Normal Constituents of Urine Y Abnormal Constituents of Urine Renal Function Tests Y Urinary Lithiasis Y Biochemical Aspects of Muscles Tissues
Y Structure of Skeletal Muscle Y Chemical Composition Y Mechanism of Muscle Contraction Y Initiation and stoppage of Muscle Contraction Y Theories of

Muscle Contraction Y Energetics of Muscular Contraction Y Muscle Fatigue Y Rigor Mortis Y Biochemical Aspects of Nerve Tissues Y Structural and
Functional Units of the nervous System Y Structure of Neurone Y Structure of a Typical Nerve Y Chemical Composition of the Nerve Tissue Y Metabolism
of Nerve Tissue Y Nerve Impulse Y Electrical or Membrane Potential Y Resting Membrane Potential Y Action Potential Y Transmission of Never Impulse
from One Neurone to Other Y Nature of the Chemical Transmitters Y Cholinergic and Andrenergic Nerve Fibres Y Transmission of an Impulse from the
Nerve to a Skeletal Muscle Y Radioactive Isotopes Y Properties of Radioisotopes Y Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Y Uses of Radioisotopes in Medical
Science Y Cancer Y Biochemical Tests of Cancerous Growth Y Agents Causing Cancer Y Metastasis Y Metabolism of Cancer Cells Y Cancer
Chemotherapy Y Appendix.

263–18 Industrial Chemistry (Including Chemical Engineering) –B.K. Sharma

Water Treatment Y Characteristics of water Y Uses of water Y Water for industry Y Sources of water Y Quality of natural water Y Chemistry of Water Y
Water in human body Y Water as a solvent Y Main quality characteristics of water Y Effect of water on rocks and minerals Y Purification of water Y
Potability of water Y Removal of coarse, dispersed and colloidal impurities from water : Clarification of water Y Coagulation of water Y Contact and
electrochemical coagulation Y Flocculants Y Sterilization and disinfection of water Y Chemical methods of sterilization Y Physical methods of sterilization
Y Softening of water Y Clark’s process Y Lime soda process Y Modified lime soda process Y Permutit or zeolite process Y Ion exchange process Y

Demineralisation of water Y Determination of hardness Y Methods of determining hardness Y Some problems on lime soda process, zeolites and hardness
of water Y Industrial water treatment Y Prevention of plumbo solvency Y Removal of slime and algae from water Y Removal of smack and odour from
water (Deodouration) Y Deaeration and deoxygenation of water Y Chemical deoxygenation of water Y Removal of gas from water Y Sea water as a
source of drinking water-desalting Y Electrodialysis method Y Reverse osmosis method Y Removal of iron and manganese from water Y Removal of silicic
acid from water Y Fluorination and defluorination of water Y Magnetic treatment of water Y Purification of water from radioactive substances Y Formation
of deposits in boiler units and heat exchangers Y Composition, properties and quality of deposits Y Formation of deposits in boiler units Y Disadvantages
of scale formation in boiler Y Methods of preventing deposit formation Y Phosphate treatment of boiler water Y Treatment of boiler water with complexing
agents Y Alkali treatment of boiler water Y Preventing deposit formation in turbine condensers Y Hardness of scale Y Priming and foaming Y Corrosion of
heat power equipment Y Caustic embrittlement Y Factors promoting corrosion Y Corrosion of boiler units Y Water analysis Y Chemical and physical
examination of water Y Taking the sample Y Preservation and pre-concentration methods Y Measurement of water quality by chemical and physical
examination of water Y Chemical substances affecting potability Y Colour Y Turbidity Y Odour Y Taste Y Temperature Y Hydrogen ion concentration
(pH) Y Electrical conductivity Y Solids Y Suspended solids Y Dissolved solids Y Acidity Y Total acidity Y Alkalinity Y Free carbon dioxide Y Free chlorine Y
Chlorine demand Y Calcium Y Magnesium Y Iron Y Manganese Y Silver Y Zinc Y Chemical substances affecting health Y Ammonia Y Nitrate and nitrite Y
Cyanide Y Sulphate Y Sulphide Y Chloride Y Fluoride Y Fluoridation Y Measurement of toxic chemical substances Y Arsenic Y Beryllium Y Cadmium Y
Chromium Y Copper Y Iron Y Lead Y Manganese Y Selenium Y Mercury Y Chemical substances indicative of pollution Y Dissolved oxygen Y
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Y Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Y Bacteriological examination of water Y Bacteriological test Y E.Coli index Y
Culture medium for Escherichia Coliform Y Culture medium for total bacteria Y Most probable number method Y Biological examination of water Y
Physical examination of water sample Y Radioactivity of water Y Methods of removing radioactivity from water Y Sewage and Sewage Treatment Y
Municipal waste water Y Sewage and its composition Y Bacteriology of sewage and sewage treatment Y Stabilization Y Properties of sewage Y Purpose of
sewage treatment Y Methods of sewage treatment Y Removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from waste water Y Filtration of sewage Y Types of aerobic
oxidation plants Y An aerobic biological oxidation plant Y Miscellaneous methods of sewage treatment Y Cycle of decomposition Y Self cleaning velocity
Y System of sewerage Y Analysis of sewage Y Sludge disposal Y Methods of sludge disposal Y Sewage disposal Y Sewage sickness Y Self purification of

29
natural water Y Methods of sewage disposal Y Waste water and its treatment (Recycling of sewage) Y Industrial Wastes And Treatment Processes Y
The problem of sustenance and the chemical industry Y Characteristics of industrial wastes Y Types of industrial wastes Y Solid industrial wastes Y
Principles of industrial waste treatment Y Protection of biosphere Y Basic trends in biosphere protection for industrial wastes Y Protection of surface waters
from pollution with industrial sewage Y Treatment and disposal of industrial wastes Y Treatment of wastes or effluents with organic impurities Y Treatment
of wastes or effluents with inorganic impurities Y Effluents of industrial units and their purification Y Treatment of some industrial effluents Y
Sanitary-chemical analysis of industrial effluents or sewage Y The nature and treatment of some important chemical wastes Y Fuels Y What is a fuel Y
Calorific value Y Determination of calorific value Y Modern concept of fuels Y Classification of fuels Y Criterion of selection of fuel Y Properties of fuels Y
Methods of processing various fuels Y Fossil fuels Y Solid fuels Y Natural solid fuels Y Artificial solid fuels Y Industrial solid fuels Y Formation of coal Y
Properties of coal Y Classification of coal Y Coking and non-coking coals Y Pulverised coal Y Role of sulphur and ash in coal Y Advantages of solid fuels
over liquid and gaseous fuels Y Disadvantages of solid fuels over liquid and gaseous fuels Y Composition of coal Y Analysis of coal Y Ultimate analysis Y
Calorific value Y Chemical processing of solid fuels Y The high and low temperature carbonisation of coal Y High temperature carbonisation of coal Y
Manufacture of coal gas Y Types of coking Y Coal chemicals Y Recovery of coal chemicals Y Processing of carbonisation products Y Fuels for metallurgy Y
Low temperature carbonisation Y Distillation of coal tar Y Uses of tar products Y Light oil from coke oven gas Y Non-petroleum fuels Y Destructive
distillation of wood Y Liquefaction of coal or hydrogenation of coal Y Synthetic fuels from coal Y Colloidal fuels Y Carbon electrodes Y Activated carbon Y
Applications of activated carbon Y Gaseous fuels Y Classification of gaseous fuels Y Natural gaseous fuels Y Natural gasoline Y Aviation gasoline Y
Kerosene oil Y Gas oil Y Diesel fuel Y Benzol Y Artificial gaseous fuels Y Water gas Y Carburetted water gas Y Producer gas Y Semi-water gas Y Oil gas Y
Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) Y Biogas or gobar gas Y More efficient biogas plants Y Better biogas plants Y Small scale biogas synthesis Y To make biogas
less polluting Y Coal gas Y Blast furnace gas Y Advantages of gaseous fuels over solid and liquid fuels Y Disadvantages of gaseous fuels Y Gas analysis Y
Methods employed Y Gas collection Y Simple gas burette levelling tube and Pipette-Hempel apparatus Y General procedure Y Analysis of fuel gases Y
Orsat apparatus for flue gases Y Liquid fuels Y Petroleum Y Occurrence Y Mining of petroleum Y Prospecting Y Colour and consistency Y Origin Y
Composition Y Classification Y Terms relating to petroleum Y Grading of petroleum Y Determination of flash point Y Knocking Y Antiknock compounds
Y Octane number Y Cetane number Y Chemical treatment for upgrading a liquid fuel Y Reforming Y Polymerisation Y Catalytic polymerisation to form

iso-octane motor fuel Y Alkylation Y Isomerisation Y Aromatisation Y Rocket fuels propellants of rocket and guided missiles Y Nuclear fuels Y Alterative
fuels Y Biofuels Y Distillation of Crude Petroleum Y Preparation of petroleum for processing Y Destruction of petroleum emulsion Y Electric desalting
plants Y Fundamentals of preliminary distillation Y Methods of petroleum distillation Y Distillation of crude petroleum Y Treatment of the residual liquid Y
Processing of liquid fuels such as petroleum and petroleum products Y Petroleum processing equipment Y Storage tanks Y Rectification columns Y Cap
tray or bubble tray columns Y Heat exchange apparatus Y Steam space heaters or boilers Y Condensers Y Pipe furnaces Y Pipelines Y Fittings Y
Compressors and pumps Y Petroleum Products Y Classification of petroleum products Y Liquefied hydrocarbon gases and fuels Y Fuel oils or boiler
oils Y Fuels for jet engines and gas turbine engine Y Lubricants, products of oil paraffin processing and other petroleum products Y Lubricating and other
oils Y Paraffins, ceresins and petroleum Y Miscellaneous petroleum products Y Products of petrochemical and basic organic synthesis Y Dye intermediates
Y Lacquers Y Solvents and thinners Y Purification of Petroleum Products Y Absorptive and adsorptive purification Y Sulphuric acid purification Y

Alkaline purification Y Hydrofining Y Purification in a DC electric field Y New methods of purification Y Demercaptanisation Y Stabilisation Y Thermal
Processes Y Thermal cracking Y Recycle cracking Y Thermal cracking plants Y Thermal cracking of fuel oil Y Chemistry and mechanism of cracking of
principal classes of hydrocarbons Y Coking Y Still coking Y Slow coking Y Contact coking Y Pyrolysis Y Catalysis Y Catalysis and its characteristics Y
Mechanism of catalytic reactions Y Properties of solid catalysis-contact masses Y Preparation of catalysts Y Promotors and inhibitors Y Catalyst poisons Y
Type of poisons Y Technological regime of catalytic processes Y Contact apparatus Y New chemical technological processes in the industry Y
Plasmochemical and ultrasound processes Y Catalytic Processes Y Catalytic cracking Y Houdry process Y Principal reactions of catalytic cracking Y
Advantages of catalytic cracking over thermal cracking Y Catalysts used in catalytic cracking Y Starting materials and products of catalytic cracking Y
Characteristics of catalytic cracking Y Plants for catalytic cracking Y Catalytic reforming Y Basic reactions of catalytic reforming Y Catalysts for catalytic
reforming Y Starting materials and products of catalytic reforming Y Characteristics of catalytic reforming Y Industrial catalytic reforming plants Y Catalytic
hydrogenation Y Principal reactions Y Catalysts for catalytic hydrogenation Y Characteristics of catalytic hydrogenation process Y Hydrofining of
petroleum distillates Y Catalysts for hydrofining Y Transformation of sulphur compounds Y Starting materials and products for hydrofining Y
Characteristics of hydrofining Y Industrial hydrofining plants Y Hydrogen cracking Y Other catalytic processes Y Hydrocarbons From Petroleum Y
Raw materials Y Saturated hydrocarbons from natural gas Y Uses of saturated hydrocarbons Y Unsaturated hydrocarbons Y Acetylene, C2H 2 Y Ethylene,
Ethene or C2H 4 Y Propylene, propene or C3H 6 Y Butylenes or butenes Y Aromatic hydrocarbons Y Toluene or methyl benzene, C6H 5CH 3 Y Xylenes
or ortho, meta and para dimethyl benzenes, C6H 4(CH 3)2 Y Processing of Light Hydrocarbon Gases Y Composition and properties of the gases Y
Physical methods of separation of gas mixtures Y Processing of hydrocarbon gases Y Chemical processing of paraffin hydrocarbons Y Chemical
processing of ethylene hydrocarbons Y Chemical processing of acetylene Y Chemical processing of aromatic hydrocarbons Y Polymerisation of olefins Y
Alkylation of isobutane by olefins Y Isomerisation of paraffinic hydrocarbons Y Petrochemicals Y Raw materials Y Manufacture of petrochemicals Y
Alkylation, dealkylation and hydroalkylation Y Amination by ammonolysis and reduction Y Pyrolysis or thermal and catalytic cracking Y Esterification Y
Halogenation and hydrohalogenation Y Hydration and hydrolysis Y Hydrogenation and dehydrogenation Y Nitration Y Oxidation Y Oxo or

30
hydroformation Y Carbonylation Y Oxidising chlorination Y Polymerisation Y Industrial Organic Synthesis Y The raw materials and basic processes Y
Chemical processes used in industrial organic synthesis Y Petrochemicals Y Methyl alcohol, CH 3OH Y Ethanol or C2H 5OH or industrial alcohol Y
Acetaldehyde, CH 3CHO Acetic acid, CH 3COOH Iso propanol, CH 3CHOHCH 3 Y Ethylene glycol, CH 2OH.CH 2OH Y Glycerine,
CH 2OH.CHOH.CH 2OH Y Acetone propanone, CH 3COCH 3 Y Phenol, C6H 5OH Y Formaldehyde, HCHO Y Ethyl acetate, CH 3COOC2H 5 Y
1,3-butadiene or divinyl Y Styrene Y Lubricants Y Properties of lubricants Y Classification of lubrication Y Substances used as lubricants Y Additives for
lubricating oils Y Lubricants of mineral origin Y Synthetic lubricants Y Greases Y Lubricating greases Y Chemical properties of greases Y Solid lubricants Y
Lubricant emulsions Y Some tests carried out on lubricants Y Cutting fluids Y Selection of lubricants Y Lubriating oil classification and their uses for
different types of machinery Y Fuel Cells Y General chemistry of fuel cells Y Some fuel cells Y Hydrogen oxygen fuel cell Y Hydrocarbon-oxygen fuel cell
Y Carbon monoxide fuel bell Y Methyl alcohol fuel cell Y Hydrogen-oxygen cells in manned space flights Y Efficiency of fuel cell Y Advantages of fuel cells

Y Fuel cells -The future clean energy Y Fuel Fired Furnaces Y Devices for fuel combustion Y Selection of fuel and combustion method Y Methods of

handling Y Furnace atmosphere Y Combustion Y Calculation of required for combustion Y Plasma - The Fourth State of Matter Y What is plasma Y
How plasma is produced Y Plasma and controlled nuclear Y Other applications Y Silicate Technology Y Silicate technology operations Y Structure of
silicates Y Some important silicates Y Classification of silicates Y Water glass Y Glass Y Physical properties of glass Y Chemical properties of glass Y
Characteristics of glass Y Raw materials Y Chemical reactions Y Methods of manufacture Y Formation of the batch material Y Melting Y Chemical
reactions in the furnace Y Shaping or forming Y Forcault process of shaping sheet or window glass Y Shaping of plate glass Y Annealing Y Finishing Y
Classification of glass making furnaces Y Methods of division of the tank and flame space Y Devices for recovery of heat of waste gases Y Electric and flame
electric furnaces Y Flame electric furnaces Y Auxiliary furnaces Y Some special glasses Y Ceramics Y What are ceramics Y Subdivision or ceramics Y
General Properties of Ceramics Y Permeable (Porous) and impermeable (non-porous) wares Y Distinction between permeable and impermeable wares Y
Classification based on reduction in porosity Y Basic raw materials Y Other ingredients Y Manufacturing process Y Grinding of raw material Y Mixing or
preparation of bodies Y Body preparation using clay in plastic state Y Body preparation using dry clay Y Body preparation using clay slip Y Filtering Y
Kneading Y Jollying Y Slip casting Y Pressing Y Extrusion Y Turning Y Drying Y Types of driers Y Firing Y Glazing Y Frits Y Decoration Y Applications of
colours to the pottery Y Porcelain and china Y Raw materials Y Manufacture Y Earthenwares and stonewares Y Refractories Y What are refractories Y
Classification of refractories Y Classification based on refractoriness Y Properties of refractories Y Manufacture of refractories Y Fire clay bricks Y
Manufacture Y Properties of fire clay refractories Y Uses of fire clay refractories Y High alumina refrectories Y Properties of bauxite refractories Y Uses of
high alumina bricks Y Silica bricks Y Properties of silica bricks Y Uses of silica bricks Y Sillimanite refractories Y Properties of sillimanite bricks Y Uses of
sillimanite refractories Y Magnesite refractories Y Properties of magnesite refractories Y Uses of magnesite refractories Y Forsterite bricks Y Uses of
forsterite bricks Y Dolomite bricks Y Properties of dolomite bricks Y Lime refractories Y Chromite bricks Y Properties of chromite bricks Y Uses of chromite
bricks Y Super refractories Y Silicon carbide or carborundum refractories Y Properties of silicon carbide bricks Y Uses of silicon carbide refractories Y
Carbon or graphite refractories Y Properties of carbon refractories Y Properties of graphite refractories Y Uses of carbon and graphite refractories Y Pure
oxide refractories Y Ceramic fibres Y Cermets Y Insulating refractories Y Enamels Y Portland Cement Y Other types of cement Y High alumina cement Y
Slag cement Y Acid resisting cement Y Super sulphate cement Y White cement Y Coloured cement Y Sorel’s cement Y Roman cement Y Pozzolan cement
Y Blended portland cement Y Types of portland cement Y Cementing material Y Raw materials Y Cement rock benefication Y Manufacture Y Reactions in

the kiln Y Mixing of additives to the cement Y Setting of cement Y Function of compounds Y Properties of cement Y Indian standards institute (ISI)
specifications of cement Y Testing of cement Y Uses Y Physico-chemical processes occuring in thermal treatment of raw cement mixture Y Heat
requirements Y Rotary kilns for making cement clinker Y Rotary kiln for wet process Y Rotary kilns for dry process of clinker making Y Fuel burning
devices Y Clinker coolers Y Factors affecting quality Y Economy in cement industry Y Mortars and concrete Y Curing of concrete Y Decay of concrete Y
Corrosion of concrete or cement stone Y Gypsum Y Plaster of Paris Y Lime Y Manufacture of lime Y Properties of lime Y Setting an hardening of lime Y
Industrial Gases Y Hydrogen-source of energy and fuel for future Y Hydrogen cells Y Source of hydrogen Y Hydrogen from microbes Y Industrial
production of hydrogen Y Industrial uses of hydrogen Y Oxygen and nitrogen Y Liquefaction of gases-production of low temperatures Y Manufacture of
oxygen and nitrogen Y Uses of oxygen Y Uses of nitrogen Y Carbon dioxide Y Manufacture Y Liquefaction of CO2 Y Solid carbon dioxide-dry ice Y Uses
of carbon dioxide Y Acetylene Y Manufacture Y Uses of acetylene Y Liquefied natural gas (LNG) - Fuel of the future Y CNG and propane Y Ammonia
And Nitric Acid Y Manufacture of ammonia-physico-chemical principles Y Raw materials Y Purification of the gas Y Manufacturing procedure Y
Process design modifications Y Modern ammonia manufacturing method Y Latest method Y Uses Y Nitric acid Y Methods of manufacture Y From chile
saltpetre Y Birkland and Eyde process-arc process Y Physico-chemical principles Y Effect of temperature Y Concentration of NO Y Effect of pressure Y
Effect of concentration Y Effect of catalysts Y Oxidation of ammonia Y Raw materials Y Process description Y Physico-chemical principles Y Properties of
HNO3 Y Uses Y Fertilizers Y Plant nutrients Y Nutrient function Y Micronutrients Y Fertilizer type Y Need for fertilizers Y Essential requirements Y
Fertility of the soil Y pH value of the soil Y Classification of fertilizers Y Straight and mixed fertilizers Y Sources of fertilizers Y Natural organic fertilizers Y
Granulation Y Bulk blending Y Natural inorganic fertilizers Y Artificial fertilizers Y Nitrogenous fertilizers Y Ammonium nitrate Y Ammonium sulphate Y
Ammonium sulphate from zypsum or anhydrite (CaSO4. 2H 2O) Y Action of ammonium sulphate as fertilizer Y Ammonium sulphate nitrate Y Urea Y Raw
materials Y Manufacture Y Conditions for a good yield Y Clean technologies Y Action of urea as fertilizer Y Calcium cyanamide Y Action of CaCN 2 as
fertilizer Y Calcium ammonium nitrate Y Sodium nitrate Y Ammonium chloride Y Organic materials Y Controlled released nitrogen Y Nitrogen solutions

31
Y Phosphate fertilizers Y Phosphate rock Y Normal superphosphate Y Modification in manufacturing equipment Y Properties Y Triple superphosphate Y
Ammonium phosphate Y Other phosphates Y Phosphate fixation Y Potassium fertilizers Y NPK fertilizers Y Mixed fertilizers Y Compound or complex
fertilizers Y Nomenclature in fertilizer industry Y Pollution caused by fertilizers Y Effects of fertilizers Y Sulphur And Sulphuric Acid Y Sulphur Y
Occurrence Y Mining of sulphur Y Sicilian process Y Purification or refining of sulphur Y Louisiana or Frasch process Y Recovery of sulphur Y Sulphuric
acid Y Properties Y Grades of acids Y Manufacture Y Similarities between the processes Y Chamber process Y Chamber process equipment Y Movement
of the gases Y Purification of the acid Y Concentration of the chamber acid Y Contact process Y Burners Y Treatment of the burner gas Y Purification unit
Y Contact furnace-phreheater and converter Y Sulphur trioxide absorbers Y Oleum manufacture Y Physico-chemical principles involved in the

manufacture of sulphuric acid by chamber process and contact process Y Sulphan Y Alkali And Chlorine Y Common salt Y Method of manufacture Y
Caustic soda Y Cells used Y Diaphragm cells Y Porous diaphragm cells-Nelson cell Y Hooker cell Y The Dow cell Y Diamond cell Y Vorce cell Y
Manufacture of caustic soda and chlorine by using diaphragm cells Y Physico-chemical principles Y Mercury cathode cells Y The Castner Kellner cell Y
Modern mercury cells Y De-Nora cells Y Physico-chemical principles Y Lime soda process for the manufacture of caustic soda Y Deacon’s method for the
manufacture of chlorine Y Soda ash Y Leblanc process Y Solvay ammonia soda process Y Dual process Y Choice of processes Y Electrolytic process Y
Sodium bicarbonate Y Uses Y Baking powders Y Sodium hypochlorite Y Uses Y Plastics Y History, properties and uses of some important plastics Y
Molecular makeup and properties of polymers Y High polymers Y Classification Y Polymerisation Y Condensation polymerisation Y Addition
polymerisation Y Difference between addition and condensation polymerisation Y Mechanism of addition or chain polymerisation Y Chain transfer
reactions Y Branching and cross- linking in free radical addition polymerisation Y Copolymerisation Y Free radical copolymerisation Y Ionic
copolymerisation Y Copolycondensation Y Polyaddition polymerisation Y Ring opening polymerisation Y Group transfer polymerisation Y
Polymerisation process Y Effect of polymer structure on properties Y Molecular weight Y Strength Y Plastic deformation Y Physical state of polymer Y
Elastic property Y Chemical resistance Y Solubility Y Intermolecular forces in monomers and polymers Y Plastics, elastomers and fibres Y Mechanical
behaviour of polymers Y Properties of plastics Y Chemical and geometrical structure of polymer molecules Y Classification based on several features of
high molecular compounds Y Factors affecting rate and direction of polycondensation reactions Y Chemical reactions characteristic of high molecular
compounds Y Crystallinity of polymers Y Isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic polymers Y Crystallisability Y Structural regularity and crystallisability Y Effect
of crystallinity on the properties of polymer Y Optical and geometrical isomerism Y Stereochemistry of polymerisation Y Preparation of stereoregular
polymers Y Co-ordination polymerisation Y Phase systems for polymerisation Y Mass or bulk polymerisation Y Solution polymerisation Y Emulsion
polymerisation Y Bead polymerisation or suspension polymerisation Y Polycondensation techniques Y Melt polycondensation Y Solution
polycondensation Y Interfacial condensation Y Solid and gas phase polymerisation Y Monomer purification Y Experimental techniques Y Bulk
polymerisation of styrene Y Emulsion polymerisation of styrene Y Precipitation polymerisation of acrylonitrue Y Suspension polymersation of methyl
methacrylate Y Interfacial polycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride and ethylenediamine Y Isolation and purification of polymers Y Production of
Polymers Y Ethenoid plastics and resins Y Polyethylene or polythene Y Polypropylene Y Polystyrene Y Polyhutylene Y Poly isobutylene Y Polyarylic
acid Y Polycarbonates Y Vinyl resins and plastics Y Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) Y Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Y Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Y Polyvinylidene
chloride Y Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Y Polyvinyl carbonate Y Polyvinyl fluoride Y Polyvinylidene fluoride Y Polyvinyl carbazole Y Polyvinyl
pyrolidone Y Polyvinyl oxazolidinone Y Cellulose plastics and resins Y Cellulose esters Y Celluloid or cellulose nitrate Y Cellulose acetate Y Cellulose
acetate butyrate Y Cellulose ethers Y Ethyl cellulose Y Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) Y Arylic resins and plastics Y Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) Y
Polyester resins and plastics Y Alkyd resins and plastics Y Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Y Amino resins and plastics Y Urea formaldehyde resins Y
Manufacture of moulding compounds Y Melamine formaldehyde resins Y Applications of amino resins Y Polyimide resins and plastics Y
Penol-formaldehyde resins and plastics Y Bakelite Y Preparation of resol Y Cast phenolics Y Ion exchange resins Y Silicone resins and plastics Y Different
types of silicons and their uses Y Epoxy resins and plastics Y Natural Polymers Y Natural resins Y Polysaccharides Y Starch Y Glycogen Y Cellulose Y
Preparation of cellulose Y Sulphite method of making wood cellulose Y Sulphate method of producing cellulose (wood pulp) Y Recovery of byproducts Y
Processing of cellulose Y Proteins Y Composition Y Classification Y Nature of proteins—structure of proteins Y Properties and structure Y Analysis of
proteins Y Conformation of protein molecules Y Denaturation of proteins Y Polymer Degradation Y Types of degradation Y Thermal degradation Y
Mechanical degradation Y Photo degradation Y Degradation by high energy radiation Y Degradation by ultrasonic waves Y Oxidative degradation Y
Ozone oxidation degradation Y Oxidative degradation of saturated polymers Y Oxidation of phenol formaldehyde Y Antioxidants Y Polymer
Processing Y Compounding Y Moulding constituents of plastic Y Initiators and inhibitors Y Processing techniques Y Moulding of plastics into articles Y
Calendering Y Casting Y Thermoforming Y Foaming Y Reinforcing Y Other methods Y Spinning of fibres Y Mercerisation Y Rubber Y Importance of
rubber Y Rubber plants Y Types of rubber Y Chlorinated and oxygenated rubber Y Cyclo rubber Y Latex Y Coagulation of rubber Y Crude natural rubber
Y Gutta percha Y Guayule rubber Y Balata Y Refining of crude rubber Y Drawbacks of raw rubber Y Rubber fabrication Y Vulcanisation Y Techniques of

vulcanisation Y Properties of vulcanised rubber Y Physical properties of rubber Y Properties of raw rubber and vulcanised rubber Y Chemical properties of
rubber Y Solvents for natural rubber Y Classification of rubber Y Synthetic rubber Y Polyisoprene rubber (synthetic natural rubber) Y Lactoprene Y
Buna-S or SBR rubber Y Properties of SBR rubber Y Neoprene (or GR-M) rubber Y Properties of neoprene Y Buna-N or GR-A or Nitrile rubber Y
Properties of Buna-N Y Butyl rubber Y Properties of butyl rubber Y Thiokol (polysulphide rubber) Y Properties of thiokol Y Silicone rubber Y Properties of
silicone rubber Y Polyurethane rubber (isocyanate rubber)Y Properties of urethane rubber Y Spandex Y Reclaimed rubber Y Advantages of reclaimed
rubber Y Spong rubber Y Foam rubber Y Properties of rubber foam Y Laminates Y Rubber cement Y Thermocole Y Applications of rubber Y Rubber

32
derivatives Y Synthetic Fibres Y Important requirements of a fibre Y Difference between natural fibres and artificial or synthetic fibres Y Properties of
synthetic fibres Y Preparation of synthetic fibres Y Methods of spinning Y Applications of synthetic fibres Y Rayon or artificial silk Y Nitrocellulose rayon or
pyroxylin Y Cuprammonium rayon Y Properties of cuprammonium rayon Y Acetate rayon Y Properties of diacetate fibres Y Viscose rayon Y Properties of
viscose rayon Y Nylon-66 Y Preparation of nylon intermediates Y Manufacture Y Nylon- 6 (Kapron) Y Various routes of nylon Y Nylon-6 or Perlon L Y
Properties of Nylon-66 Y Terylene or dacron Y Properties of selected synthetic fibres Y Manufacture Y Properties of dacron Y Orlon Y Saran Y Teflon Y
Properties of teflon Y Dynel Y Terminology used in fibre technology Y Fermentation Y Historical Y Conditions favourable for fermentation Y
Characteristics of enzymes Y Short account of some fermentation processes Y Alcoholic beverages Y Manufacture of beer Y Manufacture of spirits Y
Manufacture of wines Y Manufacture of vinegar Y Manufacture of power alcohol Y Ethyl alcohol from molasses Y Preparation of wash Y Distillation Y
Alcohol from waste sulphite liquor Y Manufacture from starchy materials Y Manufacture from cellulose materials Y Manufacture from hydrocarbon gases
Y Importance of power alcohol as a fuel Y Distillery effluents for agricultural production Y Pulp And Paper Y Manufacture of pulp Y Sulphate or Kraft

pulp Y Soda pulp Y Sulphite pulp Y Rag pulp Y Beating, refining, filling, sizing and colouring Y Manufacture of paper Y Calendering Y Uses Y Clean
technologies in agro based industries Y Ecological problems of Indian pulp and paper industry Y Sugar Y Manufacture of cane sugar Y Extraction of juice
Y Purification of juice Y Defection Y Sulphitation and carbonation Y Concentration or evaporation Y Crystallisation Y Separation of crystals Y Drying Y

Refining Y Grades Y Recovery of sugar from molasses Y Bagasse Y Preparation of celotex Y Manufacture of sucrose from beet root Y Testing or estimation
of sugar Y Double sulphitation process Y Double carbonation Y Double sulphitation process Y Oils, Fats, Waxes And Soaps Y Distinction between oils
and fats Y Properties Y Classification Y Vegetable oils Y Manufacture of cotton seed oil by expression and solvent extraction Y Manufacture of soyabeen
oil by solvent extraction Y Refining of crude vegetable oils Y Some other vegetable oils Y Animal oils Y Animal fats and oils Y Processing of animal fats and
oils Y Mineral oils Y Difference between animal, vegetable and mineral oils Y Hydrocarbon oils Y Essential oils Y Isolation of essential oils Y Uses of
essential oils Y Oils as emollients Y Silicone oils Y Unsaponifiable matter in glycerides Y Waxes Y Classification of waxes Y Properties of waxes Y Some
common waxes Y Quantitative solubility of waxes in cold alcohol Y Qualitative solubility of waxes Y Synthetic oils, fats and waxes Y Analysis of oils, fats
and waxes Y Saponification value Y Ester value Y Acid value Y Iodine value Y Wijs method Y Reichert Meissl value Y Henher value Y Elaiden test Y
Aniline point Y Manufacture of candles Y Hydrogenation of oils Y Optimum conditions for the process Y The dry process Y The wet process Y Margarine Y
Soap and its manufacture Y General consideration in soap making Y Manufacture of soap Y Toilet and transparent soaps Y Metal soaps Y Oil to be used
for soaps Y Cleansing action of soap Y Recovery of glycerine from spent lye Y Detergents Y Principal groups of synthetic detergents Y Classification of
surface active agents Y Anionic detergents Y Soaps Y Alkyl sulphates Y Alkyl aryl sulphonates Y Alkyl sulphonates Y Amide sulphonates Y Miscellaneous
compounds Y Cationic detergents Y Non-ionic detergents Y Amphoteric detergents Y Suds regulators Y Builders Y Additives Y Biodegradability of
surfactants Y Ecofriendly detergents containing enzymes Y Ecofriendly detergents-zeolites Y Detrimental effects of detergents Y Manufacture of shampoos
Y Insecticides Y Inorganic insecticides Y Natural or plant insecticides Y Organic insecticides Y Dinitrophenols Y DDT Y Methoxychlor Y BHC or benzene

hexachloride Y Gammexane Y Chlordane or Heptachlore Y Aldrin and dieldrin Y Endrin Y Toxaphene Y Synthesis of organochlorines Y Tetraethyl
pyrophosphate (TEPP) Y Malathion Y Parathion Y Attractants and repellents Y Fumigants Y Miticides Y Rodenticides Y Fungicides Y Herbicides Y
Acaricides Y Synthetic insecticides Y Pesticides pollution Y Persistent pesticides Y Biological magnification Y Biodegradation of pesticides Y Mode of
poisoning of pesticides Y The degradation and mobility of pesticides Y Explosives And Toxic Chemical Weapons Y Classification Y Deflagrating or
low explosives Y Characteristics of explosives Y Nitrocellulose Y PETN or PENTHRIT Y Dinitrobenzene (DNB)Y Trinitrobenzene (TNB) Y Trinitrotoluene
(TNT) Y Picric acid Y Ammonium picrate or explosive D Y Nitroglycerine and dynamite Y Cordite Y Gun powder or black powder Y RDX or cyclonite Y
EDNA Y HMX Y Tetryl Y Pentryl Y Hexyl Y Lead azide Y Dinol Y Tetracene Y Toxic chemical weapons Y Toxic chemicals Y Screening smokes Y
Incendiaries Y Pyrotechnics Y Paints And Pigments Y White pigments Y White lead Y Manufacture Y Carter or quick process Y Electrolytic method Y
Modern chamber process Y French process Y Rowley process Y Sublimed white lead (Basic sulphate) Y Physical properties of white lead Y Characteristics
of the pigment Y Uses Y Zinc oxide Y Manufacture Y The French process Y American process Y The electrolytic process Y Calamine process Y Physical
properties of zinc oxide pigment Y Characteristics of the pigment Y Uses Y Lithopone Y Physical properties of the pigment Y Characteristics of the pigment
Y Uses Y Titanium dioxide Y Manufacture Y Modern chlorine method Y Physical properties of TiO 2 pigment Y Characteristics of the pigment Y Uses Y

Blue pigments Y Ultramarine blue Y Uses Y Cobalt blues and iron blues Y Uses Y Red pigments Y Red lead Y Characteristics of red lead Y Uses Y Synthetic
iron oxide pigment Y Uses Y Green pigments Y Chrome green Y Uses Y Guignet’s green Y Reinmann’s green Y Chromium oxide Y Black pigments Y
Yellow pigments Y Tonners Y Metallic powders as pigments Y Paints Y Classification of paints Y Distempers Y Constituents of paints Y Manufacture of
paints Y Setting of the paints Y Requirements of a good paint Y Importance of PVC Y Paint failure Y Emulsion paints Y Constituents of emulsion paints Y
Advantages Y Methods of manufacture Y Chemical action of emulsion paints Y Latex paints Y Luminescent paints Y Fire retardant paints Y Heat resistant
paints Y Methods of applying paints Y Baking Y Paint removers Y Special applications of paints Y Varnishes Y Raw materials Y Manufacture of varnishes Y
Japans Y Enamels or gloss finisher Y Oils Y Tanning Of Leather Y Animal skins Y Manufacture of leather Y Preparation of hides for tanning Y Vegetable
tanning Y Chrome tanning Y Finishing Y Oil tanning Y Byproducts Y Gelatin Y Adhesives Y The process of bonding Y Classification of adhesives Y
Preparation of adhesives Y Other protein adhesives Y Starch adhesives Y Synthetic resin adhesives Y Rubber based adhesives Y Cellulose and silicate
adhesives Y Uses of adhesives Y Electrothermal Industries Y Advantages of electrical furnaces Y Classification Y Selection of furnaces Y Abrasives Y
Kinds of abrasives Y Manufacture of artificial abrasives Y Silicon carbide or carborundum Y Uses Y Calcium carbide Y Uses Y Alundum Y Uses Y Boron
carbide Y Boron nitride Y Boron carbonitride Y Synthetic graphite Y Uses Y Uses of abrasives Y Bonded grinding wheels Y Some other forms of industrial

33
carbon Y Osmium metal harder than diamond Y Fullerenes (The third form of carbon (C-60 and C-70) Y Phosphorus-manufacture of yellow phosphorus
Y Manufacture of red phosphorus Y Uses Y Electrochemical Industries Y Advantages of electrochemical methods Y Industrial applications of

electrolysis Y Electrolysis of melts Y Electrode materials Y Cathode materials Y Anode materials Y Polarisable and non-polarisable electrodes Y
Aluminium Y Raw materials Y Quantitative requirements Y Carbon electrodes Y Manufacture of aluminium Y Physico-chemical techniques involved Y
Mechanism Y Purification of bauxite Y Electrolytic reduction of alumina Y Soderberg furnace Y Electrolyser with self baking anodes Y Electrolytic refining
of aluminium Y Uses Y Magnesium Y Preparation of anhydrous MgCl 2 from carnallite Y Preparation of MgCl 2 from sea water Y Preparation of MgO from
magnesite Y Preparation of MgO from dolomite Y Carbo-thermal process Y Silico-thermal or Pidgeon process Y Uses Y Sodium chlorate Y Potassium
perchlorate Y Hydrogen peroxide Y Uses Y Potassium permanganate Y Uses Y Hydroxylamine Y Uses Y Hydrochloric acid Y Protective Or Metallic
Coatings Y Electrodeposition of metals from solutions - general procedure Y Coating processes Y Hot dipping Y Metal clading Y Electrodeposition or
electroplating Y Applications of electroplating Y Factors influencing the nature of deposit-preparation of materials for electroplating Y Factors influencing
the nature of deposit Y Requirements of depositing solution (electrolyte) Y Electrical energy required for electrodeposition Y Electroplating of some metals
Y Displacement or immersion plating Y Impregnated coating or cementation Y Metal spraying of metallized coatings Y Vapour deposition Y Chemical

conversion coatings Y Organic coatings Y Dielectrics Or Electrical Insulating Materials Y Dielectric properties Y Classification of insulating
materials Y Gaseous insulating materials Y Liquid insulating materials Y Solidinsulating materials Y Thermal insulators Y Dielectric Or Insulating
Characteristics Of Polymers Y Mechanical characteristics Y Electrical characteristics Y Thermal characteristics Y Physicochemical characteristics Y
Solid polymerisation dielectrics Y Solid condensation dielectrics Y Heat resistant high polymer dielectrics Y Insulating rubbers Y Varnishes and enamels Y
Compounds Y Plastic laminates Y Semiconductors Y Classification of semiconductors Y Intrinsic semiconductors Y Doped or impurity semiconductors
Y Effect of temperature on conductivity of intrinsic and impurity semiconductors Y Degenerate semiconductors Y Specific semiconductors Y Super

conductors Y Cryogenic conductors Y Chemotronics Y Vitamins Y Discovery Y Classification and nomenclature Y Vitamin activities Y Metabolic,
physiological or biological function of vitamins Y Fat soluble vitamins Y Vitamin A Y Vitamin A1 or retinol Y Detection and estimation Y Isolation Y
Diseases caused by its deficiency Y Absorption Y Storage Y Excretion Y Physiological functions Y Daily requirements Y Structure Y Vitamin A 2 or retinol 2
or 3-dehydroretinol Y Vitamin D Y Occurrence Y Isolation Y Sources and absorption Y Storage and excretion Y Metabolic role Y Functions Y Deficiency
disease Y Daily requirements Y Vitamin E or tocopherols Y Occurrence— (source and absorption) Y Functions Y Isolation Y Diseases caused by
deficiency Y Daily requirements Y Structure Y Water soluble vitamins Y Vitamin B complex Y Vitamin B1 or Thiamine Y Source Y Isolation Y Storage Y
Diseases caused by deficiency Y Requirements Y Structure Y Riboflavin or Vitamin B 2 Y Occurrence and sources Y Isolation Y Absorption storage and
excretion Y Disease caused by deficiency Y Requirements Y Structure Y Pantothenic acid or Vitamin B 3 Y Occurrence and sources Y Isolation Y Disease
caused by deficiency Y Structure Y Requirements Y Nicotinic acid (Niacin) and nicotinamide (Niacinamide) Y Occurrence and sources Y Isolation Y
Absorption, storage and excretion Y Disease caused by deficiency Y Requirements Y Structure Y Pyridoxine or vitamin B 6 or Adermin Y Occurrence and
source Y Isolation Y Functions Y Secretion Y Disease caused by deficiency Y Requirements Y Structure Y Biotin or Vitamin B7 or vitamin H Y Sources Y
Isolation Y Disease caused by deficiency Y Storage and Secretion Y Requirements Y Structure Y Cobalamine or vitamin B12 Y Occurrence Y Isolation Y
Absorption and Storage Y Secretion Y Disease caused by deficiency Y Requirements Y Ascorbic acid or vitamin C Y Occurrence Y Isolation Y Absorption,
storage and excretion Y Disease caused by deficiency Y Requirements Y Structure Y Synthetic Perfumes Y Esters Y Alcohols Y Ketones Y lonones Y
Nitro musks Y Aldehydes Y Diphenyl compounds Y Production of natural perfumes Y Flower perfumes Y Fruit flavours Y Artificial flavours Y Dyes Y
Sensation of colour Y Colour and constitution Y Nomenclature Y Fibres to be dyed Y Dyeing Y Methods of dyeing Y Direct Dyeing Y Vat dyeing Y
Mordant dyeing Y Substantive dyeing Y Disperse dyeing Y Formation of dye on the fibre Y Dyeing with reactive dyes Y Dyeing of wool with acid dyes Y
Cross dyeing Y Method of printing Y Basic operations in dyeing Y Dye intermediates Y Classification of dyes Y Classification of dyes according to their
mode of application Y Acid dyes Y Basic dyes Y Direct or substantive dyes Y Mordant or adjective dyes Y Lakes Y Vat dyes Y Ingrain dyes or developed
dyes Y Ice colours Y Sulphur dyes Y Pigment dyes Y Solvent or spirit soluble dyes Y Food dyes Y Classification of dyes based on chemical constitution Y
Nitroso dyes Y Nitro dyes Y Azo dyes Y Acid azo dyes Y Methyl orange Y Methyl red Y Orange I Y Basic azo dyes Y Direct or substantive azo dyes Y
Mordant azo dyes Y Stilbene dyes Y Ingrain or developed azodyes Y Sub-classes of azo dyes Y Diphenylmethane dyes Y Triphenylmethane dyes Y
Phthaleins Y Xanthene dyes Y Thiazole dyes Y Anthraquinone dyes Y Method of application Y Indigoids Y Application of the dye Y Sulphur or sulphide
dyes Y Pigments Y Fluorescent brightening agents Y Non textile use of dyes Y Principles of Metallurgy Y Characteristics of metals Y Physical properties
of metals Y Sources of elements Y Occurrence of metals Y Slags and fluxes Y Metals and metallic character Y Non metals Y Metalloids Y Classification of
ores Y Metallurgy Y Furnaces Y Ore dressing Y Physical methods Y Chemical methods Y Ion exchange methods in metallurgy Y Solvent extraction
methods in metallurgy Y Iron And Steel Y Occurrence Y Impurities in ores and their effects Y Commercial forms of iron Y Allotropic forms of iron Y
Properties of iron Y Effect of impurities on properties of cast iron Y Description of blast furnace Y Manufacture of cast iron or pig iron Y Blast furnace slag Y
Modern trends in blast furnace practice Y Properties of cast iron Y Varieties of cast iron Y Types of castings Y Heat treatment of cast iron Y Wrought iron Y
Manufacture Y Properties of wrought iron Y Steel Y Manufacture Y Cementation process Y Crucible process Y Bessemer process Y Linz Donawitz or L.D.
process Y Open hearth process Y Electric furnace method Y Reactions Y Duplex process Y Heat treatment of steel Y Vacuum treatment of steel Y
Classification of steel Y Mechanical treatment Y Extrusion Y Wire drawing Y Steel ingots and their defects Y Ferro-alloys Y Carbon steels Y Effect of
impurities on steel Y Alloy steels Y Stainless steel Y Ferro-alloys Y Iron and steel in India Y Alloys Y Purpose of making alloys Y Theory of alloys Y Types of
alloys Y Ferrous alloys Y Alloy steels or special steels Y Light alloys Y Cast alloys Y Non-ferrous alloys Y Copper alloys Y Nickel alloys Y Nickel iron alloys Y

34
Nickel-chromium alloys Y Super alloys Y Lead alloys Y Bearing alloys Y Low melting alloys Y Type metal Y Platinoid Y Dye casting zinc alloys Y Foaming
and shearing alloys Y Slush casting alloys Y Hard alloys Y Modes of formation of alloys Y Preparation of alloys Y Heat treatment of alloys Y Powder
Metallurgy Y Advantages of powder metallurgy Y Disadvantages and limitations Y Manufacturing process Y Applications of powder metallurgy Y
Advances in powder metallurgy Y Corrosion Y Economic aspects of corrosion Y Types of corrosion Y Dry or chemical corrosion Y Wet or
electrochemical corrosion Y Chemical corrosion Y Factors affecting chemical corrosion Y Theories of wet corrosion Y Galvanic corrosion Y Concentration
corrosion Y Atmospheric corrosion Y Open air corrosion Y Under water corrosion Y Underground corrosion or soil corrosion Y Different types of corrosion
Y General or uniform corrosion Y Pitting corrosion Y Inter granular corrosion Y Waterline corrosion Y Stress corrosion Y Microbiological corrosion Y

Erosion corrosion Y Corrosion fatigue Y Dezincification Y Corrosive agents Y Prevention of corrosion Y Methods based on treatment of metals Y Methods
based on treatment of medium Y Methods based on external influence Y Some Small Scale Units Y Safety matches Y Agarbatties Y Naphthalene balls
Y Wax candles Y Shoe polish Y Gum paste Y Writing/Fountain pen ink Y Chalk crayons Y Plaster of Paris Y Silicon carbide crucibles Y How to remove

stains Y Elements And Their Importance Y Hydrogen Y Alkali metals (Group 1) Y Alkaline earth metals (Group 2) Y Aluminum family (Group 13) Y
Carbon family (Group 14) Y Nitrogen family (Group 15) Y Oxygen family (Group 16) Y Halogen family (Group 17) Y Noble gases (Group 18) Y
Scandium group (Group 3) Y Titanium group (Group 4) Y Vanadium group (Group 5) Y Chromium group (Group 6) Y Manganese group (Group 7) Y
Iron group (Group 8) Y Bioinorganic chemistry of iron Y Cobalt group (Group 9) Y Nickel Group (Group 10) Y Copper group (Group 11) Y Zinc group
(Group 12).

266–02 (B) Fuels & Petroleum Processing –B.K. Sharma

Y Introduction Y What is Fuel Y Calorific Value Y Determination of Calorific Value Y Modern Concept of Fuels Y Classification of Fuels Y Criterion of
Selection of Fuel Y Properties of Fuels Y Methods for Processing Various Fuels Y Solid Fu els Y Com po si tion and Prop er ties of Solid Fu els Y
Nat u ral Solid Fu els Y Ar ti fi cial Solid Fu els Y In dus trial Solid Fu els Y For ma tion of Coal Y Prop er ties of Coal Y Clas si fi ca tion of Coal Y
Cok ing and Non Cok ing Coals Y Pul ver ised Coal Y Role of Sul phur and Ash in Coal Y Ad van tages of Solid Fu els Over Liq uid and Gas eous
Fu els Y Dis ad van tages of Solid Fu els Over Liq uid And Gas eous Fu els Y Com po si tion of Coal Y Analysis of Coal Y Prox i mate Anal y sis Y
Ul ti mate Anal y sis Y Calorific Value Y Chem i cal Pro cess ing of Solid Fu els Y The High and Low Tem per a ture Carbonisation of Coal Y High
Tem per a ture Carbonisation of Coal Y Man u fac ture of Coal Gas Y Types of Cok ing Y Coal Chem i cals Y Re cov ery of Coal Chem i cals Y
Pro cess ing of Carbonisation Prod ucts Fu els for Met al lurgy Y Low Tem per a ture Carbonisation Y Dis til la tion of Coal Tar Y Uses of Tar
Prod ucts Y Light Oil From Coke Oven Gas Y Non-Peteroleum Fu els Y De struc tive Dis til la tion of Wood Y Liq ue fac tion of Coal Or
Hy dro ge na tion of Coal Y Syn thetic Fu els From Coal Y Col loi dal Fu els Y Some Forms of In dus trial Car bon Y Car bon Elec trodes Y De tails
of Man u fac ture Y Ac ti vated Car bon Y Ap pli ca tions of Ac ti vated Car bon Y Gas eous Fu els Y Ad van tages of Gas eous Fu els Y
Clas si fi ca tion of Gas eous Fu els Y Nat u ral Gas eous Fu els Y Nat u ral Gasoline Y Avi a tion Gas o line Y Ker o sene Oil Y Gas Oil Y Die sel Fuel Y
Ben zol Y Ar ti fi cial Gas eous Fu els Wa ter Gas Y Carbureted Wa ter Gas Y Carburetted Wa ter Gas Y Pro ducer Gas Y Semiwater Gas Y Oil
Gas Y Liq uid Pe tro leum Gas (LPG) Y Bio Gas or Gobar Gas Y Coal Gas Y Blast Fur nace Gas Y Ad van tages of Gas eous Fu els Over Solid
and Liq uid Fu els Y Ad van tages of Gas eous Fu els Y Gas Anal y sis Y Meth ods Em ployed Y Gas Col lec tion Y Sim ple Gas Bu rette Lev el ling
Tube and Pi pette Hempel Ap pa ra tus Y Gen eral Pro ce dure Y Anal y sis of Fuel Gases Y Orsat Ap pa ra tus for Flue Gases Y Liq uid Fu els Y
Char ac ter is tics of Liq uid Fu els Y Pe tro leum Y Oc cur rence Y Min ing of Pe tro leum Y Pros pect ing Y Col our and Con sis tency Y Or i gin Y
Com po si tion Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Terms Re lat ing to Pe tro leum Y Ba sic Physico-Chem i cal Prop er ties of Pe tro leum And Pe tro leum Prod ucts
Y Grad ing of Pe tro leum Y De ter mi na tion of Flash Point Y Oc tane and Cetane Num bers Y Knock ing Y Antiknock Com pounds Y Oc tane

Num ber Y Cetane Num ber Y Chem i cal Treat ment for Upgrating A Liq uid Fuel Y Re form ing Y Poly meri sa tion Y Cat a lytic Polymerisaiton
to Form Iso-Oc tane and Mo tor Fuel Y Alkylation Y Isomerisation Y Aro ma ti sa tion Y Dis til la tion of Crude Pe tro leum Y Pre lim i nary
Pro cess ing of Pe tro leum Y Prep a ra tion of Pe tro leum for Pro cess ing Y De struc tion of Pe tro leum Emul sion Y Elec tric De salt ing Plants Y
Fun da men tals of Pre lim i nary Dis til la tion Y Meth ods of Pe tro leum Dis til la tion Y Dis til la tion of Crude Pe tro leum Y Treat ment of the Re sid ual
Liq uid Y Pro cess ing of Liq uid Fu els Such As Pe tro leum and Pe tro leum Prod ucts Y Pe tro leum Pro cess ing Equip ment Y Stor age Tanks Y
Rec ti fi ca tion Col umns Y Steam Space Heat ers or Boil ers Y Con dens ers Y Pipe Fur naces Y Pipe lines Y Fit tings Y Com pres sors and Pumps Y
Pe tro leum Products Y Clas si fi ca tion of Pe tro leum Prod ucts Y Liq ue fied Hy dro car bon Gases and Fu els Y Fu els Oils or Boiler Oils Y Fu els
For Jet and Gas Tur bine En gine Y Lu bri cants, Prod ucts of Oil Par af fin Pro cess ing and Other Pe tro leum Prod ucts Y Fuel Oils Or Boiler Oils Y
Fu els for Jet And Gas Tur bine En gine Y Lu bri cants, Prod ucts of Oil Par af fin Pro cess ing and Other Pe tro leum Prod ucts Y Prod uct of
Pet ro chem i cal and Ba sic Or ganic Syn the sis Y Dye In ter me di ates Y Lac quers Y Sol vents and Thin ners Y Oils Y Pu ri fi ca tion of Pe tro le um
Prod ucts Y Ab sorp tive and Ad sorp tive Pu ri fi ca tion Y Sulphuric acid Pu ri fi ca tion Y Al ka line Pu ri fi ca tion Y Hydrofining Y

35
Purification in A D.C. Electric Field Y New Methods of Purification Y Demercaptanisation Y Stabilization Y Dewaxing of Fue l and Oil Frac tions
Y Char ac ter is tic s of Dewaxin g Y In dus trial Plant for Dewaxin g By Urea Y Dewaxin g of Die sel Dis til lates On Mo lec u lar Sieves

(Zeolites) Y Ther mal Pro cesses Y Ther mal Crack ing Y Re cy cle Crack ing Y Ther mal Crack ing Plants Y Ther mal Crack ing of Fuel Oil Y
Chem is try and Mech a nism of Crack ing of Prin ci pal Classes of Hy dro car bons Y Cok ing Y Still Cok ing Y Slow Cok ing Y Con tact Cok ing
Y Py rol y sis Y Catalytic Processes Y Catalytic Cracking Y Houdry Process Y Principle Reactions of Catalytic Cracking Y Ad van tages of

Cat a lytic Crack ing Over Ther mal Crack ing Y Cat a lysts Used in Cat a lytic Crack ing Y Start ing Ma te ri als and Prod ucts of Cat a lytic Clacking
Y Char ac ter is tics of Cat a lytic Crack ing Y Plants for Cat a lytic Crack ing Y Cat a lytic Re form ing Y Ba sic Re ac tions of Cat a lytic Re form ing Y

Start ing Ma te ri als and Prod ucts of Cat a lytic Re form ing Y Char ac ter is tics of Cat a lytic Re form ing Y In dus trial Cat a lytic Re form ing Plants Y
Cat a lytic Hy dro ge na tion Y Prin ci pal Re ac tions Y Cat a lysts for Cat a lytic Hy dro ge na tion Y Cat a lysts for Cat a lytic Hy dro ge na tion Y
Char ac ter is tics of Cat a lytic Hy dro ge na tion Pro cess Y Hydrofining of Pe tro leum Dis til lates Y Cat a lysts for Hydrofining Y Transformation
of Sul phur Com pounds Y Start ing Ma te ri als and Prod ucts of Hydrofining Y Char ac ter is tics of Hydrofining Y In dus trial Hydrofining Plants
Y Hy dro gen Crack ing Y Other Cat a lytic Pro cess Y Hy dro car bons from Pe tro leum Y Raw Ma te rial Y Sat u rated Hy dro car bons From

Nat u ral Gas Y Uses of Sat u rated Hy dro car bons Y Un sat u rated Hy dro car bons Acet y lene, C2H 2 Y Eth yl ene, Ethene or C2H 4 Y Propene
or C3H 6 Y Bu ty lenes or Butenes Y Ar o matic Hy dro car bons Y To lu ene Or Methyl Ben zene, C6H 5CH 3 Y Xylenes Or Ortho, Meta and
Para Dimethyl Benzenes, C6H 4(CH 3)2 Y Processing of Light Hydrocarbon Gases Y Composition and Prop erties of the Gases Y Physical
Methods of Separation of Gas Mix tures Y Processing of Hydrocarbon Gases Y Chemical Processing of Paraffin Hydrocarbons Y Chemical
Processing of Ethyl ene Hydrocarbons Y Chemical Processing of Acetylene Y Chemical Processing of Aromatic Hydrocarbons Y Polymeri sation of
Olefins Y Alkylation of Isobutane By Olefins Y Isomerisation of Paraffinic Hydrocarbons Y Petrochemicals Y Raw Materials Y Manufacture of
Petrochemical Y Alkylation, Dealkylation, and Hydrodealkylation Y Animation By Ammonolysis and Reduction Y Pyrolysis or Thermal and
Catalytic Cracking Y Esterificaiton YHalogenation and Hydrohalogenation Y Hydration and Hydrolysis Y Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Y
Nitration Y Oxidation Y Oxo or Hydroformation Y Carbonylation Y Oxidising Chlorination Y Polymeri sation Y Polyethyl ene or Polythene Y
Polypropylene Y Polystyrene Y Industrial Organic Synthesis Y The Raw Ma terial and Ba sic Pro cesses Y Chem i cal Pro cess Used In In dus trial
Or ganic Syn the sis Y Pet ro chem i cals Y Methyl Alcohol, CH 3OH Y Eth a nol Or C2H 5OH or In dus trial Al co hol Y Acetaldehyde, CH 3CHO Y Ace tic
Acid, CH 3COOH Y Isopropanol CH 3CHOHCH 3 Y Eth yl ene Gly col, CH 2OH.CH 2OH Y Glycerine, CH 2OH.CHOH.CH 2OH Y Acetone,
Propanone, CH 3COCH 3 Y Phe nol, C6H 5OH Y Formaldehyde, HCHO Y Ethyl Ac etate CH 3COOC2H 5 Y 1, 3-Bu tadiene Or Divinyl Y Sty rene
Y Lubricants Y Properties of Lubri cants Y Classification of Lubrication Y Substances Used As Lubricants Y Additive for Lubricating Oils Y

Lubricants of Mineral Origin Y Synthetic Lubricants Y Lubricating Greases Y Chemical Properties of Greases Y Solid Lubricants Y Lubricants
Emulsions Y Some Tests Carried Out on Lubricants Y Cutting fluids Y Selection of Lubricants Y Lubricating Oil Classification and Their Uses for
Different Types of Machinery Y Manufacture of Oils and Greases Y Selective Solvents Y Deasphaltization of Goudron by Propane Y Selective
Purification of Oil Distillates and Deasphaltizates Y Combined Process of Deasphaltization and Selective Purification Y Dewaxing of Raffinates Y
Preparation of Base Components and Preparation of Commercial Oils Y Oil Additives Y Greases Y Rocket Fuels and Nuclear Fuels Y Propellants
of Rocket and Guided Missiles Y Nuclear Fuels Y Fuel Cells Y General Chemistry of Fuels Cells Y Some Fuel Cells Y Hydrogen Oxygen Fuel Cell Y
Hydrocarbon-Oxygen Fuel Cell Y Carbon Monoxide Cell Y Methyl Alcohol Fuel Cell Y Hydrogen -Oxygen Cells in Manned Space Flights Y Efficiency
of Fuel Cell Y Advantages of Fuel Cell Y Fuel Fired Furnaces Y Devices for Fuel Combustion Y Selection of Fuel And Combustion Method Y Methods
of Handling Y Furnace Atmosphere Y Combustion Y Calculation of Air Required for Combustion Y Hydrogen-Source of Energy and Fuel for
Future Y Hydrogen Cells Y Sources of Hydrogen Y Industrial Production of Hydrogen Y Industrial Uses of Hydrogen.

267–04 Polymer Chemistry –B.K. Sharma

Y In tro duc tion Y Plastics Y History, properties and uses of some important plastics Y Classification of commercial resins and plastics by
derivation Y Summary of resin properties and applications Y Molecular makeup and properties of polymers Y Types of resins and plastics
with common trade names Y Plas tics Y Classification Y Difference between thermosetting plastic and thermoplastic Y Poly meri sa tion
Y Condensation polymerisation Y Addition polymerisation Y Difference between addition and condensation polymerisation Y
Mechanism of addition or chain polymerisation Y Free radical addition polymerisation Y Cationic addition polymerisation Y Anionic
addition polymerisation Y Chain transfer reactions Y Branching and cross linking in free radical addition polymerisation Y
Copolymerisation Y Free radical copolymerisation Y Ionic copolymerisation Y Copolycondensation Y Poly addition polymerisation Y
Ring opening polymerisation Y Group transfer polymerisation Y Co-ordination polymerisation Y Polymerisation process Y Ef fect of

36
Polymer Structure on Properies Y Molecular weight Y Strength Y Plastic deformation Y Physical state of polymer Y Elastic property Y
Chemical resistance Y Solubility Y Intermolecular forces in monomers and polymers Y Plastics, elastomers and fibres Y Mechanical
behaviour of polymers Y Properties of plastics Y Chem i cal and Geo met ri cal Struc ture of Poly mer Mol e cules Y Classification
based on several features of high molecular compounds Y Factors molecular affecting rate and direction of polymerisation reactions Y

Chemical reactions characteristic of high molecular compounds Y Poly mer So lu tions Y The process of polymer dissolution Y

Thermodynamics of polymer dissolution Y Some solvents and non-solvents for polymers Y Effect of molecular weight on solubility Y Solubility
of crystalline and amorphous polymers Y Nature of polymer molecules in solution Y Viscosity of dilute polymer solution Y Viscosity of
concentrated polymer solutions Y Crystallinity of Poly mers Y Isotactic syndiotactic and atactic polymers Y Crystallisability Y Structure
regularity and crystallisability Y Effect of crystallinity on the properties of polymers Y Optical and geometrical isomerism Y
Stereochemist ry of Poly me rs Y P r e p a r a t i o n o f s t e r e o r e g u l a r p o l y m e r s Y Co-ordination polymerisation Y Glass Tran si tion
Tem per a ture Y What is glass transition temperature ? Y Glassy solids and glass transition Y Transitions and properties associated with
them Y Factors affecting glass transition temperature Y Glass transition temperature and plasticisers Y Glass transition temperature
and melting point Y Glass transition temperature and molecular weight Y Glass transition temperature of copolymers Y Importance of
glass transition temperature Y Heat distortion temperature Y Prep a ra tion of Mono mers Y Monomers capable of chain polymerisation Y
Saturated hydrocarbons from natural gas Y Unsaturated hydrocarbons Y Acetylene Y Ethylene Y Butylenes Y Aromatic hydrocarbons Y Benzene Y
Toluene Y Xylenes Y Chemical processes used in industrial organic synthesis Y Processing of hydrocarbon gases Y Chemical processing of paraffin
hydrocarbons Y Chemical processing of ethylene hydrocarbons Y Chemical processing of acetylene Y Chemical processing of aromatic
hydrocarbons Y Methanol Y Ethanol Y Acetaldehyde Y Acetic acid Y Isopropanol Y Ethylene glycol Y Glycerine Y Acetone Y Phenol Y
Formaldehyde Y Ethyl acetate Y 1,3-butadiene Y Styrene Y Phase Systems for Polymerisation Y Mass or bulk polymerisation Y Solution
polymerisation Y Emulsion polymerisation Y Bead polymerisation or suspension polymerisation Y Polycondensation techniques Y
Melt polycondensation Y Solution polycondensation Y Interfacial condensation Y Solid and gas phase polymerisation Y Monomer
purification Y Experimental techniques Y Bulk polymerisation of styrene Y Emulsion polymerisation of styrene Y Precipitation
polymerisation of acrylonitrile Y Suspension polymerisation of methyl methacrylate Y Interfacial polycondensation of terephthaloyl
chloride and ethylene diamine Y Isolation and purification of polymers Y Some Nat u ral Poly mers Y Natural resins Y Polysaccharides Y
Starch Y Glycogen Y Cellulose Y Preparation of cellulose Y Sulphide method of making wood cellulose Y Sulphate method of producing cellulose
(wood pulp) Y Recovery of byproducts Y Processing of cellulose Y Proteins Y Composition Y Classification Y Nature of proteins- structure of proteins
Y Properties and structure Y Analysis of proteins Y Conformation of protein molecules Y Denaturation of proteins Y Production of Poly mers Y

Ethenoid plastics and resins Y Polyethylene or polythene Y Polypropylene Y Polystyrene Y Polybutylene Y Polyisobutylene Y Polyacrylic acid Y
Polycarbonates Y Vinyl resins and plastics Y Polyvinyl acetate Y Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Y Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Y Polyvinylidene chloride Y
Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate co-polymer Y Polyvinyl carbonate Y Polyvinyl fluoride Y Polyvinylidene fluoride Y polyvinyl carbazole Y Polyvinyl
pyrrolidone Y Polyvinyl oxazolidinone Y Cellulose plastics and resins Y Cellulose esters Y Celluloid or cellulose nitrate Y Cellulose acetate Y
Cellulose acetate butyrate Y Cellulose ethers Y Ethyl cellulose Y Methyl cellulose Y Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) Y Acrylic resins and plastics Y
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) Y Polyester resins and plastics Y Alkyd resins and plastics Y Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Y Amino resins and
plastics Y Urea formaldehyde resins Y Manufacture of moulding compounds Y Melamine formaldehyde resins Y Applications of amino resins Y
Polyimide resins and plastics Y Phenol- formaldehyde resins and plastics Y Bakelite Y Preparation of resol Y Cast phenolics Y Ion exchange resins Y
Silicone resins and plastics Y Different types of silicones and their uses Y Epoxy resins and plastics Y Miscellaneous polymers Y Polyureas Y
Polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols Y Rubber Y Historical Y Importance of rubber Y Rubber plants Y Types of rubber Y Chlorinated and
oxygenated rubber Y Cyclorubber Y Latex Y Coagulation of rubber Y Crude natural rubber Y Gutaa percha Y Gutyule rubber Y Balata Y Refining of
crude rubber Y Drawbacks of raw rubber Y Rubber fabrication Y Vulcanisation Y Techniques of vulcanisation Y Properties vulcanised rubber Y
Physical properties of rubber Y Chemical properties of rubber Y Solvents for natural rubber Y Classification of rubber Y Synthetic rubber Y
Polyisoprene rubber (synthetic natural rubber) Y Lactoprene Y Buna-S or SBR rubber Y Neoprene or GR- M rubber Y Properties of neoprene Y
Buna-N or GR-A or nitrile rubber Y Properties of Buna-N Y Butyl rubber Y Properties of butyl rubber Y Thiokol (polysulphide rubber) Y Properties of
thiokol Y Silicone rubber Y Properties of silicone rubber Y Poly urethane rubber (isocyanate rubber) Y Properties of urethane rubber Y Spandex Y
Reclaimed Y Advantages of reclaimed rubber Y Properties of reclaimed rubber Y Sponge rubber Y Foam rubber Y Properties of foam rubber Y
Laminates Y Rubber cement Y Thermocole- Applications of rubber Y Rubber derivatives Y Synthetic Fibres Y Important requirements of a fibre Y
Difference between natural fibres and artificial or synthetic fibres Y Properties of synthetic fibres Y Methods of spinning Y Applications synthetic fibres Y
Rayon or artificial silk Y Nitrocellulose rayon or pyroxilin Y Cuprammonium rayon Y Properties of cuprammonium rayon Y Properties of diacetate
fibres Y Viscose rayon Y Properties of viscose rayon Y Preparation of nylon intermediates Y Manufacture Y Nylon-6 (kapron) Y Various routes of nylon
Y Nylon-6 or perlon-L Y Properties of nylon-66 Y Terylene or dacron Y Properties of synthetic fibres Y Manufacture of dacron Y Properties of dacron Y
Orlon Y Saran Y Vinyon Y Teflon Y Properties of teflon Y Dynel Y Fabric defects- definitions and princple causes Y Terminology used in fibre
technology Y Fractionation Y Fractional precipitation technique Y Partial dissolution or extraction technique Y Gradient elution technique Y Gel

37
permeation chromatography (GPC) technique Y Different Unit Structure of Polymers Y The causes of different unit structure of polymers Y

Amomalous groups Y Typical reactions of polymer chemical modification Y The effect of unit structure on the properties of polymers Y Polymer
Degradation Y Types of degradation Y Thermal degradation Y Mechanical degradation Y Photodegradation Y Degradation by high energy radiation
YDegradation by ultrasonic waves Y Oxidative degradation Y Ozone oxidation degradation Y Oxidative degradation of saturated ‘polymers’ Y
Oxidation of phenol formaldehyde Y Antioxidants Y Polymer Processing Y Compounding Y Moulding constituents of plastics Y Initiators and
inhibitors Y Resin manufacture processes Y Processing techniques Y Moulding of plastics into articles Y Calender Y Casting Y Thermoforming Y
Foaming Y Reinforcing Y Other methods Y Spinning of fibres Y Mercerisation Y Dielectric or Insulating Properties of Polymers Y Mechanical
characteristics Y Electrical characteristics Y Thermal characteristics Y Physicochemical characteristics Y Solid polymerisation dielectrics Y Solid
condensation dielectrics Y Heat resistant high polymer dielectrics Y Insulating rubbers Y Varnishes and enamels Y Compounds Y Plastic laminates Y
Basic characteristics of plastic laminates Y Molecular Weight Determination of Polymers Y Molecular weight of macromolecules Y Methods of
determining molecular weight.

268–30 Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis –B.K. Sharma

Y Spectroscopy Y Fundamental Principles of Spectroscopy Y Regions of electromagnetic spectrum Y Properties of electromagnetic radiations Y
Spectroscopy Y Advantages of spectroscopy Y Wave properties of electromagnetic radiation Y Ground and excited states Y Absorption spectra Y
Emission spectra Y Born Oppenheimer approximation Y Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter — Rotational, vibrational and electronic
energy levels Y Molecular absorption spectra Y Types of molecular spectra Y Fluorescence Y Phosphorescence Y Raman spectra Y Interference Y
Diffraction of radiation Y Transmission of radiation Y Dispersion of radiation Y Refraction of radiation Y Reflection of radiation Y Scattering of radiation Y
Polarisation of light Y Thermal radiation Y Practical sources of radiation Y Particle properties of radiation Y The photoelectric effect Y The Compton effect
Y Introduction to optical methods Y Radiation sources Y Wavelength selection Y Monochromator Y Sample containers Y Detectors Y Photometric
analytical methods Y Spurious radiation Y Signal indicator Y Natural line width and natural line broadening including uncertainty relation Y Intensity of
spectral lines and transition probability Y Transition probability, transition moment and results of time dependent perturbation theory Y Selection rules Y
Atomic spectroscopy, Energies of atomic orbitals Y Vector model of atom — vector representation of momenta and vector coupling Y Spectra of hydrogen
atom and alkali metal atoms Y Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy Y Spectra of liquids Y Colorimetric and spectrophotometric analysis Y Visible
spectrometry Y Preparation of the coloured solution Y Measurement of the coloured solution Y Laws of absorption Y Deviations from Beer’s law Y
Measurement of absorption Y Reasons for deviation from Beer’s law Y Techniques for colour comparison Y Instrumentation Y Sources Y Filters and
monochromators Y Slits Y Gratings Y Cuvette Y The vacuum region Y Radiation detectors and indicators Y Photovoltaic cells or Barrier layer cells Y
Photoemissive (vacuum) tubes Y Photomultiplier tubes Y Instrument design Y Colorimeters Y Disadvantages of visual colorimetric methods Y
Photometers Y Photometers employing barrier layer cellsY Photometers employing photoemissive tubes Y Photometers employing photomultiplier tubes Y
Single beam and double beam instruments Y One cell and two cell instruments Y Method of colour measurement or comparison with photoelectric
photometer Y Spectrophotometers Y Photoelectric spectrophotometer Y Sources of errors Y Calibration Y Presentation of spectral data Y Special
spectrophotometric techniques Y Ultraviolet spectroscopy Y Origin of UV absorption spectra Y Ultraviolet spectrophotometers Y Sources of radiation Y
Monochromators Y Detectors Y Performance of spectrophotometers Y Special methodology in UV spectrometric analysis Y Colour in organic
compounds Y Absorption by organic molecules — energy levels, molecular orbitals and electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules Y Effect of conjugation
on chromophores Y Choice of solvent and solvent effects Y Effect of alkyl substitution and ring residues - Woodward and Fieser rules Y Aromatic
compounds Y Geometrical isomerism Y Absorption by inorganic systems Y Spectrophotometric studies of complex ions - determination of
ligand/metal ratio in a complex Y Determination of instability constants Y Determination of pK value of an indicator Y Chemical applications of UV
spectroscopy Y Qualitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Analysis of organic compounds Y Analysis of inorganic complexes Y Analysis of
mixtures of absorbing substances Y Identification of compounds Y Measuring concentration of solutions Y Inorganic chemistry Y Structure of
inorganic complexes Y Study of H + ion concentration Y Ortho and para forms of hydrogen molecule Y Photometric titrations Y Some
spectrophotometric determination Y Infrared Spectroscopy Y Molecular spectra Y Origin of infrared spectra Y Rotational or microwave spectrum
Y Microwave spectroscopy Y Classification of molecules Y Rigid rotor model Y Selection rules Y Effect of isotopic substitution on the transition frequencies
Y Relative intensities of spectral lines Y Non–rigid rotor Y Stark effect Y Nuclear and electron spin coupling or nuclear and electron spin interactions Y
Instrumentation in microwave spectroscopy Y Applications of microwave spectroscopy Y Vibrational rotational spectra -infrared spectroscopy Y
Vibrational energies of diatomic molecules Y Zero point energy Y Harmonic oscillator model Y Anharmonicity Y Anharmonicity and selection rules Y
Morse potential energy diagram Y P—Q—R bands Y Force constant Y Breakdown of the Born Oppenheimer approximation — the interactions of
rotations and vibrations Y Electronic band spectra Y Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules Y Franck Condon principle, vibronic transitions and
vibrational progression Y Electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules Y Charge transfer spectra and spectra of transition metal complexes

38
Y Predissociation spectra Y Normal modes of vibrations of atoms in polyatomic molecules Y Group frequencies and factors affecting band position and
intensities Y Vibrational coupling Y Apparatus Y Light source Y Monochromator and optical material Y Sample handling Y Cells or sample holders Y
Detectors Y Amplifiers Y Instruments Y Advances in spectrophotometers Y Fourier Transform methods (FT methods)— Interferometric
spectrophotometers Y Hadamard spectroscopy Y Abridged spectrophotometers Y Non–dispersive photometers Y Hot bands Y Factors influencing
vibrational frequencies Y Comparison of mid infrared, near infrared and far infrared regions Y Metal ligand vibrations Y Interpretation of IR spectra
Y Characteristic group frequencies of organic molecules (A) hydrocarbons Y Normal alkanes (paraffins) Y Branched chain alkanes Y Cycloalkanes Y
Alkenes or olefinic hydrocarbons Y Alkynes Y Aromatic hydrocarbons Y Alcohols and phenols Y Aldehydes and ketones Y Ethers Y Esters Y Acid
halides Y Carboxylic acid Y Amines and amides Y Important spectral regions in the infrared Y Environmental effects Y Molecular shape Y
Applications of IR spectroscopy Y Raman Spectroscopy Y Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy Y Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over
infrared spectroscopy Y Discovery of Raman effect Y Explanation of light scattering by molecules Y Difference between fluorescence and Raman
spectroscopy Y Nature of Raman spectra Y Pure rotational, vibrational and vibrational — rotational Raman spectra and selection rules Y Apparatus used
for studying Raman effect Y Lasers Y Sample preparation Y Classical theory of Raman effect Y Quantum theory of Raman effect Y General mechanism of
Raman effect Y Raman effect in liquids Y Raman effect in gases Y Raman effect in solids Y Application of Raman effect to chemistry Y Law of mutual
exclusion Y Raman activity of molecular vibrations Y Raman effect and molecular structure Y Qualitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Advantages
and limitations of Raman spectroscopy Y Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) Y Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) Y Basic principle
and experimental technique of CARS Y Advantages of CARS over normal Raman scattering Y Disadvantages of CARS Y Applications of CARS Y
Coherent and incoherent radiation Y Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy or Absorption Flame Photometry Y Introduction and principle
Y Procedure Y Preparation of samples Y Measurement of atomic absorption Y Sensitivity Y Calibrating solutions Y Methods of calibration
Y Advantages of atomic absorption Y Disadvantages and limitations of atomic absorption Y Precision and accuracy of atomic absorption
spectroscopy Y Flame emission Y Relationship between atomic absorption and flame emission spectroscopy Y Advantages of atomic
absorption over flame emission Y Line widths Y Instruments Y Sources Y Flame Y Flame profiles Y Devices for the formation of an atomic
vapour Y Flame atomisation Y Monochromators and filters Y Optical system, detectors and indicators Y Readout devices Y Oxidants and
fuels Y Types of burners Y Applications of atomic absorption Y Analytical applications Y Interferences Y Cation interferences Y Anion
interferences Y Analytical variables Y Some typical determinations by atomic absorption spectroscopy Y Atomic fluorescence
spectroscopy Y Flame Emission Spectroscopy or Flame Photometry Y Principle Y Flames and flame spectra Y Variation of emission
intensity within the flame Y Flame temperature Y Chemical reactions in flames Y Metallic spectra in flames Y Effect of organic solvents on
flame spectra Y Flame background Y Instruments Y Pressure regulators and flow meters Y Flame source Y Atomizers and burners Y Optical
and electronic system Y Photosensitive detectors Y Flame photometers Y Flame spectrophotometers Y Single beam and double beam
instruments Y Calibration curve Y Flame spectrophotometer Y Errors in flame photometry (interferences) Y Quantitative analysis Y
Applications Y Determination of sodium in general different samples by flame photometry Y Special applications Y Some flame emission
spectroscopic procedures Y Emission Spectroscopy Y Theoretical principles of the production of emission spectrum Y Origin of
emission spectra Y The emission process Y Radiative and non-radiative decay processes Y Internal conversion Y The spectra produced by
electronic excitation Y Units Y Apparatus for emission spectroscopy Y Excitation sources Y Controlled and multisources Y General
purpose sources Y Plasma discharge Y Samples Y Electrodes Y Preparation of electrodes and samples Y Sample polarity Y Excitation of
the constituents of solutions Y Illumination system Y Apparatus Y Optical spectrometers Y Classification of spectrometers Y Measures
used for the comparison of prism instruments Y Grating instruments Y Measures used for the comparison of grating instruments Y The
photographic process Y Qualitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Internal standard and data treatment Y Intensity measurement Y
Photoelectric method Y Semiquantitative analysis Y X-Ray Methods Y Mosley's law Y Continuous spectra from electron beam sources Y
Discontinuous (line) spectra from electron beam sources Y Fluorescent line spectra Y X-Ray fluorescence Y Radioactive sources Y Absorption of X-rays Y
X-ray instrumentation Y X-ray detection and measurement Y Ionisation methods for measurement of radiations Y Samples Y Non-dispersive X-ray
spectrometers Y X-ray emission methods Y Qualitative and semiquantitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Applications of X-ray emission Y X-ray
absorption methods Y Direct absorption method Y Analysis of lighter elements Y The absorption edge method Y Absorption apparatus Y Applications of
absorption methods Y X-ray absorption v/s X-ray emission Y Advantages of X-ray methods Y Disadvantages of X-ray methods Y X-ray diffraction
methods Y The Laue method of X-ray analysis Y Bragg’s law Y Diffraction of X-rays Y Production and detection of X-rays — Debye Scherrer method Y
Sample preparation Y Identification of powder diffraction patterns Y Quantitative analysis Y Molecular Luminescence Fluorometry and
Phosphorimetry Y Fluorescence and phosphorescence Y Factors affecting fluorescence and phosphorescence Y Internal conversion Y External
conversion Y Quenching Y Theory Y Relation between intensity of fluorescence and concentration Y Calculation of results Y Measurement of fluorescence
Y Filter fluorometers Y Spectrofluorometers Y Advantages Y Limitations Y Precautions Y Selection of an excitation wavelength for analysis Y Reporting
fluorescence spectra Y Applications of fluorometric analysis Y Applications in inorganic chemistry Y Organic and biological applications Y Special
fluorometric applications Y Phosphorimetry Y Applications of phosphorimetry Y Solvents used Y Chemiluminescence Y Nephelometry and
Turbidimetry Y Light scattering Y Nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Choice between nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Turbidity and colorimetry Y

Nephelometry and fluorometry Y Theory of nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Instruments for nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Turbidimetric titrations

39
Y Applications of turbidimetry and nephelometry Y Electron and Ion Spectroscopy Y General techniques in surface spectroscopy Y Basic principles of
electron spectroscopy Y Photoelectric Effect and photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES) Y Photoelectron spectroscopy and Koopman’s theorem Y X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) Y Principles of XPS or ESCA Y Instrumentation for XPS or
ESCA Y Applications of XPS or ESCA Y Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) Y Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) Y Photoacoustic
Spectroscopy (PAS) or Optoacoustic Spectroscopy (OAS) Y Basic principles of PAS — the photoacoustic effect Y Photoacoustic spectra Y

Instrumentation Y Advantages of PAS over conventional absorption spectroscopy Y Applications of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) Y Surface
applications of PAS Y Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Y Nuclear spin and magnetic moment Y Nuclear magnetic resonance —
origin of NMR spectra Y Theory of NMR spectroscopy Y Precession of particles in a field Y Nuclear resonance Y Saturation — Relaxation processes in
NMR Y Flipping - the origin of signal Y Instrumentation Y Technique and principle Y Experimental methods of NMR spectroscopy Y Some important
aspects of NMR spectrum Y Interpretation of NMR spectra Y Type of environmental effects - chemical shift and spin spin splitting Y Chemical shift —
shielding and deshielding of magnetic nuclei Y Measurement of chemical shift and spin spin splitting Y Factors influencing chemical shift Y Spin spin
splitting or spin spin coupling Y NMR spectrum of CH 3CHO Y Cause of chemical shift and shielding Y The coupling constant J Y Factors influencing the
coupling constant J Y Rules governing multiple spectra when ∆v/J> 7 Y Chemical shift equivalence and magnetic equivalence Y Classification (ABX,
AMX, ABC, A2B2 etc.) Y Double resonance — spin spin decoupling and Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) Y Effect of chemical exchange on spectra Y
Deuterium labelling Y Determination of peak areas Y Sample handling Y Complicating factors Y Spectroscopy tricks Y Study of isotopes other than
protons Y Fluorine—19 Y Phosphorus—31 Y Carbon—13 Y Boron—11 Y Limitations of NMR spectroscopy Y Fourier Transform (FT) NMR Y
Advantages of FT NMR Y Applications of NMR spectroscopy Y Use of NMR in medical diagnostics Y Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Y Spectroscopy
(Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) Y Factors affecting the g-value Y Limitations of ESR Y Difference between ESR and NMR Y Instrumentation Y
Electron nucleus coupling or electron nucleus interaction Y Hyperfine interactions-isotropic and anisotropic coupling (splitting) constants Y The spin
hamiltonian Y Quantitative analysis Y Sensitivity Y Choice of solvent Y Applications of ESR Y Study of free radicals Y Electronic structure and hyperfine
splitting—Spin densities and McConnell relationship Y Triplet states — zero field splitting and Kramer’s degeneracy Y Analytical applications of ESR Y
Determination of reaction rates and mechanisms by ESR Y Structural determination by ESR Y Study of inorganic compounds by ESR Y Transition
elements Y Biological systems Y Endor and eldor Y Continuous process analysers Y Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy (CMR) Y Recording of 13C spectra
Y Multiplicity - proton (1H) decoupling-noise decoupling Y Off resonance decoupling Y Selective proton decoupling Y Deuterium substitution Y
Chemical shift equivalence Y Chemical shift Y Chemical shifts for alkenes (ppm from TMS) Y Chemical shifts for substituted alkenes (ppm from TMS) Y
Chemical shifts for saturated heterocyclics (ppm from TMS) Y Chemical shifts for alcohols (ppm from TMS) Y Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance
(NQR) Spectroscopy Y Introduction — quadrupole nuclei and quadrupole moment Y Electric Field Gradient (EFG) and Quadrupole Coupling
constant (QCC) Y Splitting in NQR spectra Y Applications of NQR spectroscopy Y Electron Microscopy and Electron Diffracton Y Principles Y

Instrumentation Y Disadvantages Y Applications Y Electron diffraction, X-ray projection microscopy and X-ray microprobe analysis Y Electron diffraction
Y Electron diffraction of gases and vapours Y Scattering intensity and scattering angle Y The Wierl equation and the measurement techniques Y
Correlation method Y The radial distribution method Y Applications of electron diffraction Y Low energy electron diffraction and structure of surfaces Y
Advantages of electron diffraction method over X-ray method Y X-ray projection microscopy Y X-ray microprobe analyser Y Instruments Y Component
arrangement Y X-ray optics Y Analytical information Y Sample preparation Y Applications Y Neutron Diffraction Y Absorbance of matter in matter —
Scattering of neutrons by solids and liquids Y Diffraction of neutrons Y Neutron diffraction — theoretical Y Neutron diffraction — experimental Y
Applications of neutron diffraction Y Crystal structure Y Proton—neutron interaction Y Study of magnetic materials — Magnetic scattering and elucidation
of structure of magnetically ordered unit cell Y In providing a source of cold neutrons Y Mass Spectrometry Y Introduction (Principle of mass
spectrometry) Y Advantages of mass spectrometry Y Mass spectrometer Y Principle of operation of mass spectrometer Y Reactions inside the mass
spectrometer Y Resolution Y Principle of measurement Y Double focusing Y Sample handling Y Ion sources Y Mass analysers Y Ion separators and time of
flight separators Y Measurement of ion currents Y Ion detectors Y Instrumentation and vacuum system Y The vacuum system Y Mass spectrum Y
Fragmentation Y Rules for predicting prominent peaks in mass spectrum Y Re-arrangements Y Important characteristics of mass spectra of some
compounds Y Alkanes and cycloalkanes Y Alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons) Y Aromatic hydrocarbons Y Alcohols Y Aromatic alcohols Y Phenols Y
Aliphatic ethers Y Aryl ethers Y Aliphatic ketones Y Aliphatic aldehydes Y Aromatic ketones Y Aromatic aldehydes Y Aliphatic carboxylic acids Y Aromatic
acids Y Aliphatic amines Y Aromatic monoamines Y Aliphatic nitriles Y Aliphatic nitro compounds Y Aromatic nitro compounds Y Nitrogen rule Y Ring
rule Y Qualitative applications Y Quantitative applications Y Mossbauer Spectroscopy Y Resonance fluorescence and absorption in nuclei Y
Mossbauer effect Y Apparatus for Mossbauer spectroscopy Y Lamb Mossbauer factor Y Mossbauer nuclides Y Formation of Mossbauer nuclides Y
Standard reference absorber Y Applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy Y Iron proteins Y Chromatography Y Separation Y Nature of the separation
process Y Classification of separation methods Y Basic separation methods Y Chromatography Y Definitions Y Classification in chromatography Y
Adsorption and partition chromatography Y Partition of a component between phases Y Exclusion chromatography Y Ion exchange chromatography Y
Cation exchangers Y Anion exchangers Y Common functional groups on ion exchangers Y Solvent Extraction Methods in Analysis Y The
distribution law Y Extraction process Y Liquid liquid extraction Y Extractants Y Factors affecting extraction Y Technique for solvent extraction Y
Completion of analysis Y Quantitative treatment of solvent extraction equilibria Y Classification of solvent extraction systems Y Types of extraction

40
systems Y Types of inorganic extraction systems Y Transition of a substance from an aqueous phase into an organic phase Y Advantages of solvent
extraction Y Applications of liquid extraction Y Solvent extraction methods in metallurgy Y Solid liquid extraction Y Counter Current Extraction
Y Stepwise counter current separation Y Description of Craig’s technique Y Derivation of distribution current Y Applications of Craig’s technique Y

Continuous counter current separation Y General theory of chromatographic processes Y Limitations of plate theory Y Liquid-Liquid
Chromatography Y Pumps Y Columns Y Column preparation for LLC Y Selection of solid support for LLC Y Nature of the surface of the solid support Y
Selection of liquid liquid systems Y Performance of LLC systems Y Gradient elution Y Detectors Y Various forms of liquid chromatography — Liquid Solid
chromatography (LSC) Y Liquid Liquid Chromatography (LLC) Y Combined LSC and LLC Y Molecular sieves and gel permeation chromatography Y
Exclusion chromatography (Gel chromatography) Y Affinity chromatography Y Ion exchange chromatography Y Recycling chromatography Y Ion pair
chromatography (IPC) Y Noncolumn liquid chromatographic techniques — Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Y Paper chromatography Y General
concepts Y Fundamental concepts Y Chromatographic development Y Some applications of LLC Y Adsorption (Column) Chromatography Y
General procedure of adsorption column chromatography Y Adsorbent Y Solvent (Eluting agent, Mobile phase) Y Column Y The theory of development
Y Factors affecting column efficiency Y Applications of column chromatography Y Separation of methylene blue and fluorescein by column

chromatography Y Partition Chromatography Y Advantage and limitations of adsorption Y Advantages and limitations of partition Y Stationary
phase Y Impregnating the support Y Mobile phase (eluting agent) Y Procedure Y Detection of column effluent Y Theory of partition chromatography Y
Method of detection and analysis of components Y Applications Y Ion Exchange Chromatography Y Ion exchange resins Y Cation exchange resins Y
Anion exchange resins Y Batch operation with an ion exchange resin Y Column operation with an ion exchange resin Y New ion exchangers Y Types of
ionisable groups Y Ion chromatography Y Properties of ion exchange resins Y Basic requirements of useful resin Y Ion exchange equilibrium Y Basis for
separations Y Separation of organic mixtures Y Applications of ion exchange resins Y Ion exchange chromatography Y Techniques of ion exchange
chromatography Y Separation factor Y Factors affecting separation factor Y Packing of the column Y Analysis of the elute Y Radioisotopes in ion exchange
chromatography Y Applications of ion exchange chromatography Y Gel Permeation or Gel Chromatography Y Techniques in gel chromatography
Y Column Y Gel preparation Y Packing of the column Y Application of the sample Y Theory of gel chromatography Y Applications of gel
chromatography Y Salting out chromatography Y Ion Pair Chromatography Y Principle for ion pair extraction Y Classification of ion pair liquid
chromatography Y Retention Y Selectivity Y Bonded phase chromatography (BPC) Y Choice of mode of separation Y Applications of ion pair
chromatography Y Gas Chromatography Y Technique of gas liquid chromatography Y Apparatus for gas liquid chromatography Y Carrier gas Y The
injection port Y Columns Y The solid inert support Y The stationary liquid phase Y Column thermostating Y Detectors Y Thermal conductivity detectors Y
Flame ionisation detectors Y Flame photometric detectors Y Electron capture detector Y Dual detection Y Separation procedure Y Theory and principle of
gas liquid chromatography Y Factors affecting separation Y Temperature programming Y Applications of gas liquid chromatography Y Gas liquid
chromatography with selective detectors Y Miscellaneous applications Y Separation of amino acids by gas chromatography Y To determine the effect of
some parameters on the separation of a hydrocarbon mixture Y Gas chromatography as a member of a team Y Paper Chromatography Y Sheet
methods Y Paper chromatography Y General procedure of paper chromatography Y Types of paper chromatography Y Principle of paper
chromatography Y Techniques of paper chromatography Y Types of paper Y Modification of the paper Y Preparation of paper Y Preparation of sample
Y Choice of solvents Y Theory Y Location of spots and measurement of RF value Y Sample application Y Apparatus Y Circular paper chromatography Y
Precautions in paper chromatography Y Quantitative estimations Y Applications of paper chromatography Y Separation of amino acids by paper
chromatography Y Thin Layer Chromatography Y Features and applicability of TLC Y Outlines of general procedures of TLC Y Advantages of TLC Y
Limitations of TLC Y Essential requirements for TLC Y TLC is superior to paper and column chromatography Y Basic operations involved in TLC Y
Methods for the production of thin layers on plates Y Application of sample on the chromoplates Y Choice of adsorbent Y Choice of solvents Y Detecting
reagents Y Developing chamber Y Development and detection Y Adsorption TLC Y Ion exchange TLC Y Partition TLC Y Reversed phased partition TLC
Y TLC on polyamides Y TLC on dextran gels Y Thin layer ionophoresis and thin layer electrophoresis Y Applications of thin layer chromatography Y

Separation of vitamins by TLC Y Quantitative TLC Y Preparative TLC Y Reversed phase chromatography Y Electrophoresis and
Electrochromatography Y Types of electrophoretic methods Y Free solution electrophoresis Y The Tiselius method Y Moving boundary electrophoresis Y

Density gradient electrophoresis Y Zone electrophoresis or electrochromatography Y Types of supporting or stabilizing medium Y Paper
electrophoresis Y Paper used Y Electrodes Y Source of current Y Location of components Y Requirements of electrophoretic chambers Y Problems in
electrophoresis Y Applications of electrochromatography Y Separation of serum proteins by paper electrophoresis Y Separation of inorganic substances Y
Immunoelectrophoresis Y Preparative electrophoresis Y Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate Y Electrophoresis in gels Y Electrophoresis in powders
Y High Pressure (or Performance) Liquid Chromatography Y High performance liquid chromatography Y Modes of chromatography

YPrinciple and apparatus for HPLC Y Solvent delivery system Y Pumps Y Sample injection system Y The column Y Column packing
materials Y Column packing Y Choice of supporting materials for a separation Y TLC and HPLC Y Detectors Y Characteristics of detector
Y Some detectors used in HPLC Method Y Identification of solute peaks Y Quantitative HPLC Y Accuracy and precision of HPLC Y Materials Y
Advantages of HPLC Y Effect of temperature in HPLC Y Derivatisation in HPLC Y Trace analysis in HPLC Y Preparative HPLC Y Important
applications of HPLC—Inorganic chemistry Y Forensic chemistry Y Natural and synthetic pharmaceutical drugs Y Steroids Y Lipids Y
Alkaloids Y Amino acids and proteins Y Carbohydrates Y Nucleic acids Y Preservatives and antioxidants Y Vitamins Coal and oil products

41
Y Environmental pollutants Y Pesticides Y Carcinogens Y Radio Chromatography Y Miscellaneous Methods Y Conductometric
Titrations Y Specific resistance Y Equivalent conductance Y Molecular conductance Y Effect of dilution on conductance Y Effect of
temperature and pressure on conductance Y Effect of purity of solvent on conductance Y Alternating current conduction Y Direct current
methods Y Measurement of conductance Y New method of conductance measurement Y Applications of conductance measurement Y Conductometric
titration apparatus Y Magnetic induction method Y Automatic titration Y Applications for direct conductance measurement Y High Frequency
Methods Y Instrumentation Y Principle and theory of high frequency methods Y Applications Y Advantages Y Disadvantages Y pH and
its Determination Y Cell and battery Y Galvanic cell Y Daniell cell Y Electrochemical cells Y Reversible and irreversible cells Y

Reversible electrodes Y EMF and its measurement Y Standard cell Y Cell reaction and EMF Y Standard electrode potentials Y Single
electrode potentials Y Mechanism of electrode potential - Nernst theory of solution pressure Y Nernst expression for electrode potential
or the difference of potential at a junction metal / salt solution Y Reference electrodes Y Primary reference electrode-standard hydrogen electrode Y
Secondary reference electrodes Y Self ionisation Y Ionic product of water Y pH value Y pH and health Y Common ion effect Y Buffer solutions Y
Properties of buffer solutions Y Buffers in the body Y Methods or determining the pH Y Colourimetric determination of pH Y Universal indicators Y
Comparison with indicators in buffers Y Potentiometric determination of pH Y Advantages of hydrogen electrode Y Disadvantages of hydrogen electrode
Y Uses Y Other pH indicating electrodes Y Advantages of quinhydrone electrode Y Disadvantages of quinhydrone electrode Y Uses Y Factors affecting pH
measurements with the glass electrode Y Advantages of glass electrode Y Disadvantages of glass electrode Y Advantages of antimony electrode Y
Disadvantages of antimony electrode Y pH meters Y Determination of pKa and formula weight of an acid by pH meter Y Potentiometric
Titractions Y Electrode systems Y Noble metal electrodes Y Insoluble metal salt / metal electrodes Y Ion selective electrodes Y Non half
cell ion selective electrodes Y Glass membrane electrode Y Liquid membrane electrodes Y Double membrane electrodes Y Solid state
membrane electrodes Y Precipitate membrane electrodes Y Applications of ion selective electrodes Y Advantages of potentiometric
titrations over ordinary indicator methods Y Applications of potentiometric titrations Y Acid—alkali or neutralisation titrations Y Methods
of end point location Y Oxidation reduction titrations Y Precipitation titrations Y Complexometric titrations Y Potentiometric titration of
phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide Y Special applications Y Measurement with fluoride electrode Y Apparatus Y Voltammetry and
Polarography Y Voltammetry Y Polarography — principle and introduction Y Apparatus Y Working Y Instruments Y Brief description of
polarographic measurements Y Current voltage relationship Y Polarograms Y Interpretation of polarographic waves Y Equation for the polarographic
wave Y Half wave potential Y Reversible wave Y Irreversible waves Y Explanation of polarographic waves Y Different kinds of currents contributing to
the polarographic wave Y The charging or residual current Y The migration current Y The diffusion current Y Departure from diffusion limited currents
Y The kinetic and catalytic currents Y Polarographic cells Y The dropping mercury electrode Y Advantages of DME Y Limitations of DME Y The
capillary and its care Y Purification of mercury Y Removal of oxygen Y Agar salt bridge Y Saturated calomel electrodes Y Conditions for performing
polarographic determinations Y Reactions in polarography Y Advantages of polarography Y Applications of polarography Y Quantitative analysis Y
Pilot ion procedure Y Qualitative analysis Y Inorganic polarographic analysis Y Organic polarographic analysis Y Stationary electrode (slow linear
scan) polarography Y Oscillographic (rapid scan) rapid DME polarography Y Cathode ray (rapid linear scan) polarography Y Anodic stripping (inverse
polarography Y Alternating current polarography Y Tensammetry Y Chronopotentiometry Y Instrumentation and procedure Y Applications Y
Amperometric Titrations Y Principle of amperometric titrations Y Titrations with two indicator electrodes Y Instrumentation Y Cell used Y Volume
correction Y Electrical circuit Y Indicator electrodes Y Reference electrodes Y Titration procedure Y Amperometric and potentiometric titrations Y
Advantages of amperometric titrations Y Disadvantages of amperometric titrations Y Applications of amperometric titrations Y Electro Gravimetric
Analysis Y Polarisation Y Causes of polarisation Y Explanation of polarisation Y Demonstration of polarisation Y Remedy of polarisation Y The EMF
of polarisation Y Decomposition voltage or decomposition potential Y Measurement of decomposition potential Y Importance and significance of
decomposition Y Overvoltage or overpotential Y Hydrogen evolution reactions Y Tafel equation Y Factors affecting hydrogen overpotential Y Nature
of hydrogen overpotential on different metals Y Measurement of overvoltage Y Electrochemical overpotential Y Oxygen evolution reactions Y The
possible mechanism of anodic oxygen evolution reaction Y Importance of overvoltage Y Electrochemical reduction and oxidation Y Polarisation and
properties of reacting substances Y Electrode materials — Requirements for electrode materials Y Cathode materials Y Anode materials Y Polarisable
and non-polarisable electrodes Y The effect of electrode material and the electrode potential Y Effect of solution composition Y Theory of
electrochemical oxidation and reduction Y Possible paths for electro reduction reaction Y Other paths for electrolytic oxidation and reduction
Y Principles involved in electrogravimetric analysis Y Current - voltage relationship during electrolysis Y Effects of experimental variables Y Anodic
deposits Y Instrumentation Y Electrolysis at constant current — Principle Y Apparatus Y Determination of copper by constant current electrolysis Y
Determination of cobalt by constant current electrolysis Y Electrolysis at controlled cathode — Principle Y Apparatus Y Determination of copper, lead, and
tin in brasses and bronzes by controlled potential electrolysis Y Electrolysis using a mercury cathode — Principle Y Apparatus Y Operation steps of
assembled Dyna-Cath Y Applications Y Spontaneous or internal electrolysis — Principle Y Apparatus Y Applications of internal electrolysis method Y
Electrolysis at the anode Y Methods for the analysis of elements Y Manganese Y Iron Y Cobalt Y Nickel Y Silver Y Gold Y Zinc Y Cadmium Y Mercury Y
Lead Y Tin Y Bismuth Y Nickel in presence of zinc Y Copper, nickel and zinc Y Silver in presence of lead and bismuth Y Cadmium and zinc Y
Coulometric Analysis Y Current measuring device: Coulometer Y Hydrogen-oxygen coulometer Y Precautions with oxygen hydrogen coulometer

42
Y Silver coulometer Y Iodine coulometer Y Variation in coulometric technique Y General characteristics of coulometric methods Y Constant current
coulometry or coulometric titrations Y Internal generation of the titrant Y Detection of end point in constant current coulometry Y External generation of
reagents Y Mode of generation Y Choice of experimental conditions Y Applications of coulometric titrations Y Controlled potential coulometric analysis Y
Current efficiency and procedure design Y Selection of experimental conditions in controlled potential coulometry or potentiostatic coulometry Y Some
other applications Y Some non-analytical applications of controlled potential coulometry Y Other coulometric methods Y Determination of films and
coatings Y Stripping coulometry Y Voltage scanning coulometry Y Coulometric internal electrolysis Y Coulometry in conjugation with other
measurements Y Advantages of coulometry Y Polarimetry and Spectropolarimetry Y Polarisation of light Y Plane of vibration Y Plane of polarisation
Y Optical activity Y Specific rotation Y Factors affecting angle of rotation Y Measurement of rotatory power Y Optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and
circular dichroism(CD): Cotton effect Y ORD and CD curves Y Instrumentation Y Applications of ORD Y Applications of CD Y Theories of optical activity
Y Applications of polarimetry Y Optical activity and chemical constitution Y Representation of optical isomers Y Deciding between two structures for a
molecule Y To distinguish between a pair of enantiomorphs Y Saccharimetry Y Difference between saccharimeter and polarimeter Y Saccharimeters Y
Standard method for sucrose with HC1 Y Kinetic polarimetry Y Thermometric or Thermoanalytical Methods Y Thermogravimetric analysis Y
Types of thermogravimetric analysis Y Principle and method Y Automatic thermogravimetric analysis Y Instrumentation Y Types of recording
thermobalances Y Sample holders Y Factors affecting results Y Derivative thermogravimetric analysis Y Applications Y Some special applications Y
Differential thermal analysis Y Principle of working Y Theory Y Simultaneous DTA—TGA curves Y Instrumentation Y Factors affecting results Y
Applications Y Thermometric titrations Y Apparatus Y Applications Y Acid-base titrations Y Precipitation titrations Y Complexation reactions Y Oxidation
reduction titrations Y Non-aqueous titrations Y Appendix.

271–15 Environmental Chemistry –B.K. Sharma

Y Environment Y Concept of environmental chemistry Y Our planet - Earth Y Environment Y Environment keeps changing Y Man interferes with the
environment Y Composition or structure of atmosphere Y Troposphere Y Stratosphere Y Mesosphere Y lono-sphere or thermosphere Y Exosphere Y
Vertical temperature and vertical structure of the atmosphere Y Heat budget of earth atmospheric system Y Air as an ecological factor Y Reactions of
atmospheric oxygen Y Reactions in tropo-sphere and stratosphere Y General reactions Y Photochemical reactions Y Free radical reactions Y Segments of
environment Y Atmosphere Y Hydro-sphere Y Solubility of gases in water Y Hydrological (water) cycle Y Chemical composition of water bodies Y
Characteristics of fresh water Y Fresh water environment Y Lakes Y Difference between oligotrophic lakes and eutrophic lakes Y Ponds Y Streams Y
Springs Y Wetlands Y Oceans Y Seas and oceans Y Lithosphere Y The soil Y Rocks Y Composition of soil Y Soil texture Y Biosphere Y Environment
pollution Y What is pollution Y Pollutant Y Diseases caused by environmental factors Y Classification of pollutants Y Biodegradable pollutants Y
Non—biodegradable pollutants Y Types of pollution Y Thermodynamics, petroleum and pollution Y Biogeochemical Cycles in Environment Y
Biogeochemical cycles Y Sulphur cycle Y Phosphorus cycle Y Carbon hydrogen cycle Y Oxygen cycle Y Nitrogen cycle Y Biological control of chemical
factors in the environment Y Production and decomposition in nature Y Biodistribution of elements Y Air Pollution Y Composition of air Y Sinks of
atmospheric gases Y Chemical reactions occurring in air due to sun light Y Chemical composition of atmosphere - particles, ions and radicals and their
formation Y Reactions in troposphere Y Reactions of air in stratosphere Y Reactions of air in mesosphere and ionosphere Y Smog formation in air Y
Sources of air pollution Y Major sources of air pollution Y Population Y Units of measurement of air pollutants Y Air quality Y Air pollution - a cause of
concern Y Indoor air pollution Y Volatile organic compounds in indoor atmosphere Y Occupational pollution Y Occupational, indoor and outdoor
pollution and health Y Air pollution episodes Y Bhopal gas tregedy Y Seveso episode Y Chernobyl nuclear disaster Y Classification and Effect of Air
Pollutants Y Gaseous pollutants Y Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) as pollutants Y Reactions of NOx in the atmosphere Y Sources of NOx pollution Y Effects of
nitrogen oxides (NOx) Y NOx and acid rain Y Effect of NOx on the stratospheric atmosphere Y Control of NOx pollution Y Oxides of sulphur as pollutants
Y Reactions of SO 2 in the atmosphere Y Effects of sulphur dioxide Y Hydrogen sulphide Y Effects of hydrogen sulphide (H 2S) and organic sulphides Y

Control of SOx pollution Y Control of anthropogenic nitrogen and sulphur emissions Y Oxides of carbon as pollutants Y Sources of carbon monoxide
pollution Y Sinks of carbon monoxide Y Distribution and concentration of carbon monoxide Y Effects of carbon monoxide Y Carbon monoxide
poisoning remedies Y Carbon dioxide (CO2) Y Hydrocarbons as pollutants Y Reactions of hydrocarbons Y Effects of hydrocarbons Y Control of
hydrocarbons Y Particulate pollutants Y Flyash Y Physical methods involved in particulate formation Y Formation of inorganic particulate matter Y
Formation of organic particulate matter (OPM) Y Effect of particulate pollutants Y Control of particulate emissions Y Ozone as pollutant Y WHO standards
2006 Y Vehicular Pollution Y Automobile emissions Y Diesel pollution and health Y Dispersion of pollutants Y Two wheelers Y Prevention and control
of vehicular polluition Y Alternative fuels Y Biofuels Y Ethanol Y Benefits of blending petrol with ethanol Y Petrol vs. bioethanol Y Ethanol-Diesel blend
not a good option Y Biodiesel Y Diesel vs. CNG Y ULSD and particulate traps Y Emission control devices for diesel vehicles Y Ecofrieridly cars Y Helium
based cars Y Electric cars Y Fuel cell cars Y Hybrid cars Y Hydrogen powered cars Y Suspended particulate matter (SPM) pollution Y Nano particles Y
Lead pollution Y Benzene pollution Y Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) Y Methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MCMT) Y Vehicular hazards

43
Y Greenhouse Effect And Global Warming Y Greenhouse effect Y How the greenhouse effect is produced Y Greenhouse gases Y Radiative forcing Y
Major sources of greenhouse gases Y Climate change Y Greenhouse effect and climate change Y Cause of fluctuations occurring in global temperature Y
Global warming - some facts Y Consequences of global warming Y Fossil fuels and global warming Y Global warming and domino effect Y Global
warming and ocean temperatures Y Soot and global warming Y Global warming and Walker circulation Y Forests and global warming Y Forest fires and
global warming Y Water cycle and global warming Y Carbon cycle and global warming Y Acid rain and global warming Y Glaciers and global warming Y
Glaciers at a glance Y Control and remedial measures of greenhouse effect Y Technologies to arrest global warming Y Latest about global warming Y
Aerosols Y Classification and size of aerosols Y Aerosols and cloud formation Y Adverse effects of aerosols Y Cloud seeding - warm and cold rains
Aerosols and Indian monsoon Y El Nino And La Nina Phenomena Y El Nino Y Drought and El Nino Y El Nino and Indian monsoon Y El Nino and
disease Y El Nino and degraded land Y El nino forcast Y El Nino and sea surface temperature (SST) Y El Nino and forest fires Y El Nino and global
warming Y Volcanic eruptions, El Nino and global warming Y La Nina Y La Nina and productivity Y Industrial Pollution Y Principal causes of industrial
pollution in India Y Environmental problems of some industries Y Caustic-chlorine industry Y Mercury alternatives Y Thermal power plants Y Clean
technologies for coal fired thermal power plants Y Energy efficiency measures Y Why FBC processes are ecofriendly ? Y Ashless coal Y Magneto
hydro-dynamics Y Reducing CO2 emissions from power plants Y Water control of thermal power plants Y Utilisation of flyash Y Nuclear power reactors Y
Nuclear power Y Portable nuclear fusion device Y Nuclear power in India Y Fertilizer and chemical industries Y Tannery industry Y Removal of chromium
from tannery waste Y Electricity from tannery waste Y Agro based industries Y Biomass gasification Y Pulp and paper industry Y Distillery industry Y
Plastic industry Y Why recycle plastic ? Y Plastic recycling techniques Y Mining and metallurgy industry Y Cement industry Y Dyeing industry Y Detergent
industry Y Biodegradability of detergents Y Ecofriendly detergents containing enzymes Y Enzymes and detergent industry Y Ecofriendly detergents -
zeolites Y Ecofriendly detergent Y Sponge iron industry Y Iron ore Y Checking air pollution by sponge iron industry Y Blast furnace slag Y Environmental
responsibilities of industries Y Reasons of industrial pollution and some preventive measures Y Ozone Layer - The Earth’s Protective Umbrella
Stratosphere Y Creation of ozone layer Y Formation of ozone Y Mechanism of ozone depletion Y Null and holding cycles Y Antarctic and Arctic ozone hole
formation Y Hydrogen and ozone layer Y All about ozone layer Y Effects of ozone depletion Y Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Y General mechanism of
ozone depletion by CFCs Y Search for alternative technology and substitute chemicals Y Methyl bromide (MB) also depletes ozone layer Y Methyl iodide
Y Halon bank Y Safe disposal of CFCs Y Smog Y Smog formation Y Formation of hydroxyl radical Y Oxidation of hydrocarbons Y Volatile organic

compounds and their oxidation Y Effects of photochemical oxidants on humans Y Effects of photochemical oxidants on plants Y Effects of photochemical
oxidants on materials Y Control of photochemical pollutants Y Acid Rain Y Where does the acid rain come from Y Composition of rain Y How acid rain
is formed Y Formation of nitric acid in atmosphere Y Formation of sulphuric acid in atmosphere Y Role of winds in acid rain Y Sources and sinks Y Rain,
fog and snow Y Adverse effects of acid rain Y Effect of acid rain on aquatic biota Y Effect of acid rain on terrestrial ecosystem Y Effect of acid rain on lake
ecosystem Y Effect of acid rain on buildings Y Effect of acid rain on human beings Y Analytical Methods For Monitoring Air Pollutants Y
Principles of monitoring methods-continuous monitoring instruments Y Principles of environmental monitoring Y Analytical methods for monitoring air
pollutants Y Monitoring of sulphur dioxide Y Monitoring of sulphuratted hydrogen Y Monitoring of NO —NOx Y Monitoring of carbon monoxide Y
Monitoring of hydrocarbons (HC) and ozone Y Monitoring of suspended particulate matter (SPM) Y Monitoring of trace metals in air and water Y
Prevention And Control of Air Pollution Y Control of air pollution by fuel selection and utilisation Y Control of air pollution by process modification
or equipment Y Control of air pollution by site selection and zoning Y General methods of air pollution control Y Zoning Y Air pollution control at source Y
Controlling air pollution by devices Y Air pollution control by stacks Y Air pollution control by planting trees and growing vegetation Y Water Pollution Y
Characteristics of Water Y Uses of water Y Water for industry Y Sources of water Y Quality of natural waters Y Chemistry of water Y Water in human
body Y Effects of water on rocks and minerals Y Organic matter in water Y Humic material in water Y Colloidal material in water Y Environmental
phosphorus chemistry Y Water Pollution Y Water Pollutants Y Types of water pollution Y Physical pollution of water Y Chemical pollution of water Y
Biological pollution of water Y Physiological pollution of water Y Types of Water Pollution Y Ground water pollution Y Protecting ground water from
pollution Y Surface water pollution Y Lake water pollution Y How excess nutrients can kill a lake Y Pollution of lakes Y River water pollution Y Water
pollution in major rivers of India and world Y How rivers are killed Y Water deterioration at world level Y Sea water pollution Y Marine pollution Y Oil
pollution of water Y Sources of oil pollutants in sea water Y Marine pollution episodes Y Effect of oil pollution in marine water Y Counter measures against
oil spills Y Sources of Water Pollution Y Sewage and domestic wastes Y Industrial effluents Y Agricultural discharges Y Fertilizers Y Detergents Y Toxic
metals Y Siltation Y Thermal pollutants Y Radioactive materials in water Y Classification of Water Pollutants Y Inorganic pollutants and toxic metals
Y Detrimental effects of inorganic pollutants Y Toxic metals Y Detrimental effects of trace metals Y Organic pollutants Y Detrimental effects of organic

pollutants Y Sediments Y Detrimental effects of sediments Y Synthetic detergents Y Detrimental effects of detergents Y Oxygen demanding wastes Y
Disease causing agents Y Detrimental effects of pathogens Y Index organisms of water contamination Y Radioactive pollutants Y Detrimental effects of
radioactive pollutants in water Y Plant nutrients Y Eutrophication Y Thermal pollutants in water Y Detrimental effects of thermal pollutants Y Biological
pollutants Y Detrimental effects of primary pollutants Y Detrimental effects of corollary pollutants Y Pesticides pollution Y Sources of pesticidal pollutants
in water Y Persistent pesticides Y Biological magnification Y Biodegradation of pesticides Y Mode of poisoning of pesticides Y The degradation and
mobility of pesticides Y Gaseous pollutants Y Farm wastes Y Fertilizers Y Suspended matters Y Auto exhaust as water pollutant Y Water Management Y
Use and conservation of water resources Y Water quality management Y Rainwater harvesting Y Water from rocks Y Recharging aquifers with treated

44
waste water Y Water management in agriculture-rainfed system Y Irrigated systems Y Sea water for agriculture Y Water management in industries Y
Remedial measures of water pollution by authorities Y Penalties Y Industrial Wastes And Treatment Processes Y The problem of sustenance and
the chemical industry Y Characteristics of industrial wastes Y Types of industrial wastes Y Solid industrial wastes Y Principles of industrial waste treatment
Y Protection of biosphere Y Basic trends in biosphere protection for industrial wastes Y Protection of surface waters from pollution with industrial sewage

Y Treatment and disposal of industrial wastes Y Treatment of wastes or effluents with organic impurities Y Treatment of wastes or effluents with inorganic

impurities Y Effluents of industrial units and their purification Y Treatment of some industrial effluents Y Sanitary-chemical analysis of industrial effluents
or sewage Y The nature and treatment of some other important chemical wastes Y Purification of Water Y Potability of water Y Removal of coarse,
dispersed and colloidal impurities from water: clarification of water Y Coagulation of water Y Contact and electrochernical coagulation Y Flocculants Y
Sterilisation and disinfection of water Y Chemical methods of sterilisation Y Physical methods of sterilisation Y Softening of water Y Clark’s process Y Lime
soda process Y Modified lime soda process Y Permutit or zeolite process Y Ion exchange process Y Demineralization of water Y Determination of
hardness Y Industrial water treatment Y Removal of slime and algae from water Y Removal of smack and odour from water (deodouration) Y Deaeration
and deoxygenation of water Y Chemical deoxygenation of water Y Removal of gas from water Y Sea water as a source of drinking water-desalting Y
Electrodialysis method Y Reverse osmosis method Y Removal of iron and manganese from water Y Removal of silicic acid from water Y Fluoridation and
defluoridation of water Y Magnetic treatment of water Y Purification of water from radioactive substances Y Sewage And Sewage Treatment Y
Municipal waste waters Y Sewage and its composition Y Bacteriology of sewage and sewage treatment Y Stabilization Y Properties of sewage Y Purpose
of sewage treatment Y Methods of sewage treatment Y Removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from waste water Y Filtration of sewage Y Types of aerobic
oxidation plants Y Anaerobic biological oxidation plants Y Miscellaneous methods of sewage treatment Y Cycle of decomposition Y Self cleaning velocity
Y System of sewerage Y Analysis of sewage Y Sludge disposal Y Methods of sludge disposal Y Sewage disposal Y Sewage sickness Y Self purification of

natural waters Y Methods of sewage disposal Y Prevention and Control of Water Pollution Y Prevention of water pollution Y Control of water
pollution Y How to make best use of water Y Analysis of Water Pollutants Y Analysis of water pollutants Y Chemical and physical examination of
water Y Taking the sample Y Preservation and preconcentration methods Y Measurement of water quality by chemical and physical examination of water
Y Chemical substances affecting potability Y Colour Y Turbidity Y Odour Y Taste Y Temperature Y Hydrogen ion concentration Y Electrical conductivity

Y Solids Y Suspended solids Y Dissolved solids Y Acidity Y Total acidity Y Alkalinity Y Free carbon dioxide Y Free chlorine Y Chlorine demand Y Calcium

Y Magnesium Y Iron Y Manganese Y Silver Y Zinc Y Chemical substances affecting health Y Ammonia Y Nitrate and nitrite Y Cyanide Y Sulphate Y

Sulphide Y Chloride Y Fluoride Y Fluoridation Y Measurement of toxic chemical substances Y Arsenic Y Beryllium Y Cadmium Y Cromium Y Copper Y
Iron Y Lead Y Manganese Y Selenium Y Mercury Y International standards for drinking water (Prescribed by WHO) Y Chemical substances indicative of
pollution Y Dissolved oxygen Y Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Y Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Y Bacteriological examination of water Y
Bacteriological test Y E.coli index Y Culture medium for Escherichia coliform Y Culture media for total bacteria Y Most probable number method Y
Biological examination of water Y Physical examination of water sample Y Radioactivity of water Y Methods of removing radioactivity from water Y
Evaporation methods Y Measurement of beta radioactivity Y Separation technique Y Sequential technique Y Procedure for sample analysis Y Soil
Pollution Y Introduction To Soil Chemistry Y Importance of soil Y What is soil Y Life on soil Y Composition of soil Y Mineral matter in the soil Y
Organic matter in soil Y Soil water Y Soil air Y Soil respiration Y Surface soil and sub-soil Y Process of soil formation Y Factors affecting soil formation Y
Soil micro-organisms Y Soil profile Y Types of soils Y Soil pH Y Soil acidity Y Macro and micro plant nutrients Y Nutrient functions Y Main functions of
micro nutrients Y Soil Pollution Y Soil pollution by industrial wastes Y Soil pollution by urban wastes Y Soil pollution by radioactive pollutants Y Soil
pollution by agricultural practices Y Soil pollution by chemical and metallic pollutants Y Soil pollution by biological agents Y Soil pollution by mining Y
Soil pollution by resistant objects Y Soil pollution by soil sediments Y Detrimental effects of soil pollutants Y Effects of industrial pollutants Y Effects of
sewage and domestic wastes Y Effects of heavy metals Y Effects of radioactive pollutants Y Effects of modern agro-technology Y Diseases caused by soil
pollution Y Impact of soil pollution on air quality Y Control of Soil Pollution Y Control of sewage, domestic and industrial wastes Y Ecofarming and
ecotechnology Y Biotechnology Y Integrated nutrient management (INM) Y Genetic resource management Y Land use systems Y Water management Y
Integrated pest management (IPM) Y Environment Friendly Technologies Y Eco-technology Y Ecological farming system Y Organic farming Y
Advantages of organic farming Y Biotechnology Y Integrated plant nutrient management (IPNM) Y Integrated pest management-the ecofriendly
approach Y Soil solarisation Y Watershed management Y Water management Y Radioactive Pollution Y Radiation Chemistry Y Radioactive
substances Y Classification of radioactive isotopes Y State of radioactive isotopes in solution Y State of radioactive isotopes in a gaseous medium Y State
of radioactive isotopes in solids Y Radiation Y Units of radiation Y Radiation doses Y Analysis of radionuclides Y Fate of radioisotopes in the environment
Y Radioactive Pollution Y Sources of radioactive pollution Y Natural sources of radiation Y Solar rays Y Environmental radiation Y Radionuclides in

earth’s crust Y Internal radiation Y Anthropogenic sources of radiation Y Medical X-rays Y Radioisotopes Y Nuclear tests Y Radioactive fallout Y Nuclear
reactors Y Radiations from nuclear power plants Y Nuclear installations Y Radioactive ore processing Y Industrial, medical and research use of radioactive
materials Y Radiation pollution from electric fields Y Miscellaneous sources of radioactive pollution Y Some nuclear accidents (Three miles island and
Chernobyl) Y Effects of Radioactive Pollution Y The risks and benefits of radiation YHarmful effects of radiation Y Biological magnification Y
Classification and effects of radiation Y Effects of ionising radiation on man Y Effects of non-ionising radiations Y Effects of microwave radiation Y Effects
of radiofrequency radiations Y Effects of fallout radiation Y Biological effects of radiation Y General adverse effects of radioactive pollution Y Effects of

45
X-rays Y Effects of plutonium as a carcinogen Y Radiation effects on plants Y Effects of nuclear radiations on polymers Y Dangers from nuclear power
plants Y Dangers from nuclear reactors Y Protection and Control From Radiation Y Radiation safety standards when working with radioactive
isotopes Y Means for individual protection Y Decontamination Y Preventive measures from radiation Y Control from radiation Y Control of occupational
radiation exposure Y Minimising X-ray hazards Y Patient protection from radiation Y Protection from teletherapy Y Disposal of Radioactive Waste Y
Types of radioactive wastes Y Disposal methods of radioactive wastes Y Reprocessing of spent uranium fuel and its disposal YMethods to dispose critically
dangerous radiowastes Y Converting radiowaste into solid form Y Other recent disposal methods Y Radioactive waste detector Y Environmental
Toxicology Y Health and environment Y Children and environment Y Environmental toxicology Y Threshold limiting value. (TLV) Y Non metallic
compounds Y Technologies available for defluoridation Y Asbestos Y Organic compounds Y Endocrine disrupturs Y Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
Y Dioxins Y Pesticides Y Phthalates Y Heavy metals Y Arsenic Y Methods of removing arsenic from water Y Mercury Y Mercury poisoning episodes.

(Minamata disease) Y Removal of chromium from Tannery waste Y Neem leaf powder Y Cadmium Y New role for cadmium Y Thallium Y Selenium and
tellurium Y Manganese Y Cobalt and nickel Y Vanadium Y Uranium Y Beryllium Y Osmium and platinum Y Lead Y Health impacts of lead Y Lead
batteries Y Antimony Y Bismuth Y Zinc Y Environmental toxins, genes and mutations Y Heavy Metals In The Environment Y Trace metals, light metals
and heavy metals Y Deadly heavy metals Y Sources of heavy metals Y Heavy metals - poisons in every bite Y Metals in water Y Trace metals in soil Y
Mercury (Minamata episode) Y Copper Y Chromium Y Vanadium Y Zinc Y Manganese Y Selenium Y Cadmium (Itai Itai disease or Brittle bones disease)
Y Cobalt Y Arsenic Y Lead Y Nickel Y Trace metal poisoning Y Rare earth metals from sea water Y Metal ions in biological systems Y Waste

Management Y Waste management in India Y Municipal solid waste management and environment Y Waste management - the technolocical approach
Y Landfilling Y Incineration Y Dioxins Y Disposal of medical waste Y Emmunisation waste Y E!ectronic waste Y Paper waste-recycling or incineration Y

New method of paper recycling Y Waste water and its treatment (recycling of sewage) Y Reed bed system Y Wealth from industrial wastes Y
Environmental Laws Y The environment Act — Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Y Chapter I — (Preliminary) Y Chapter II — General powers of the
central government Y Chapter III — Prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution Y Chapter IV — Miscellaneous Y Hazardous wastes
(Management and handling) rules, 1989 Y The hazardous micro-organisms rules.

272–05 (B) Air Pollution –B.K. Sharma

Y Air Pollution Y Composition of air Y Sinks of atmospheric gases Y Chemical reactions occurring in air due to sun light Y Chemical composition of
atmosphere-particles, ions and radicals and their formation Y Reactions in troposphere Y Reactions of air in stratosphere Y Reactions of air in mesosphere
and ionosphere Y Smog formation in air Y Sources of air pollution Y Major sources of air pollution Y Population Y Units of measurement of air pollutants Y
Air quality Y Air pollution — a cause of concern Y Indoor air pollution Y Volatile organic compounds in indoor atmosphere Y Occupational pollution Y
Occupational, indoor and outdoor pollution and health Y Air pollution episodes Y Bhopal gas tregedy Y Serves or episode Y Chernobyl nuclear dIsaster Y
Classification and Effects of Air Pollutants Y Gaseous pollutants Y Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) as pollutants Y Reactions of NOx in the atmosphere Y
Sources of NOx pollution Y Effects of nitrogen oxides (NOx) Y NOx and acid rain Y Effect of NOx on the stratospheric atmosphere Y Control of NOx
pollution Y Oxides of sulphur as pollutants Y Reactions of SO2 in the atmosphere Y Effects of sulphur dioxide Y Hydrogen suiphide Y Effects of hydrogen
suiphide (CH 2S) and organic suiphides Y Control of SOx pollution Y Control of anthropogenic nitrogen and sulphur emissions Y Oxides of carbon as
pollutants Y Sources of carbon monoxide pollution Y Sinks of carbon monoxide Y Distribution and concentration of carbon monoxide Y Effects of carbon
monoxide Y Carbon monoxide poisoning remedies Y Carbon dioxide (CO2) Y Hydrocarbons as pollutants Y Reactions of hydrocarbons Y Effects of
hydrocarbons Y Control of hydrocarbons Y Particulate pollutants Y Flyash Y Physical methods involved in particulate formation Y Formation of inorganic
particulate matter Y Formation of organic particulate matter (OPM) Y Effect of particulate pollutants Y Control of particulate emissions Y Ozone as
pollutant Y WHO standards 2006 Y Vehicular Pollution Y Automobile emissions Y Diesel pollution and health Y Dispersion of pollutants Y Two
wheelers Y Prevention and control of vehicular pollution Y Alternative fuels Y Biofuels Y Ethanol Y Benefits of blending petrol with ethanol Y Petrol vs.
bioethanol Y Ethanol-Diesel blend not a good option Y Biodiesel Y Diesel vs. CNG Y ULSD and particulate traps Y Emission control devices for diesel
vehicles Y Ecofriendly cars Y Helium based cars Y Electric cars Y Fuel cell cars Y Hybrid cars Y Hydrogen powered cars Y Suspended particulate matter
(SPM) pollution Y Nano particles Y Lead pollution Y Benzene pollution Y Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) Y Methyl Cyclopentadienyl Manganese
Tricarbonyl (MCMT) Y Vehicular hazards Y Green House Effect and Global Warming Y Greenirouse effect Y How the greenhouse effect is produced
Y Greenhouse gases Y Radiative forcing Y Major sources of greenhouse gases Y Climate change Y Greenhouse effect and climate change Y Cause of
fluctuations occurring in global temperature Y Global warming—some facts Y Consequences of global warming Y Fossil fuels and global warming Y

Global warming and domino effect Y Global warming and ocean temperatures Y Soot and global warming Y Global warming and Walker circulation

46
Y Forests and global warming Y Water cycle and global warming Y Carbon cycle and global warming Y Acid rain and global warming Y Glaciers and
global warming Y Glaciers at a glance Y Control and remedial measures of greenhouse effect Y Technologies to arrest global warming Y Latest about
global warming Y Aerosols Y Aerosols Y Classification and size of aerosols Y Aerosols and cloud formation Y Adverse effects of aerosols Y Cloud
seeding—warm and cold rains Y Aerosols and Indian monsoon Y EI Nino and La Nino Phenomena Y El Nino Y Drought and El Nino Y El Nino and
Indian monsoon Y El Nino and disease Y El Nino and degraded land Y El nino forecast Y El Nino and Sea Surface temperature (SST) Y El Nino and forest
fires Y El Nino and global warming Y Volcanic eruptions, El >Nine ano global warming Y La Nina Y La Nina and productivity Y Industrial Pollution Y
Principal causes of industrial pollution in India Y Environmental problems some industries Y Caustic-chlorine industry Y Mercury alternatives Y Thermal
power plants Y Clean technologies for coal fired thermal power plants Y Energy efficiency measures Y Why FBC processes are eco friendly? Y Ashless coal
Y Magneto hydro—dynamics Y Reducing CO 2 emissions from power plants Y Water control of thermal power plants Y Utilisation of flyash Y Nuclear
power reactors Y Nuclear power Y Portable nuclear fusion device Y Nuclear power in India Y Fertilizer and chemical industries Y Tannery industry Y
Removal of chromium from tannery waste Y Electricity from tannery waste Y Agro based industries Y Biomass gasification Y Pulp and paper industry Y
Distillery industry Y Plastic industry Y Why recycle plastic? Y Plastic recycling techniques Y Mining and metallurgy industry Y Cement industry Y Dyeing
industry Y Detergent industry Y Biodegradability of detergents Y Ecofriendly detergents containing enzymes Y Enzymes and detergent industry Y
Ecofriendly detergents—zeolites Y Ecofriendly detergent Y Sponge iron industry Y Iron ore Y Checking air pollution by sponge iron industry Y Blast
furnace slag Y Environmental responsibilities of industries Y Reasons of industrial pollution and some preventive measures Y Ozone Layer-The Earth's
Protective Umbrella Y Stratosphere Y Creation of ozone layer Y Formation of ozone Y Mechanism of ozone depletion Y Null and holding cycles Y
Antarctic and Arctic ozone hole formation Y Hydrogen and ozone layer Y All about ozone layer Y Effects of ozone depletion Y Chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) Y General mechanism of ozone depletion by CFCs Y Search for alternative technology and substitute chemicals Y Methyl bromide (MB) also
depletes ozone layer Y Methyl iodide Y Halon bank Y Safe disposal of CFCs Y Smog Y Smog formation Y Formation of hydroxyl radical Y Oxidation of
hydrocarbons Y Volatile organic compounds and their oxidation Y Effects of photochemical oxidants on humans Y Effects of photochemical oxidants on
plants Y Effects of photochemical oxidants on materials Y Control of photochemical pollutants Y Acid Rain Y Where does the acid rain come from Y
Composition of rain Y How acid rain is formed Y Formation of nitric acid in atmosphere Y Formation of sulphuric acid in atmosphere Y Role of winds in
acid rain Y Sources and sinks Y Rain, fog and snow Y Adverse effects of acid rain Y Effect of acid rain on aquatic biota Y Effect of acid rain on terrestrial
ecosystem Y Effect of acid rain on lake ecosystem Y Effect of acid rain on buildings Y Effect of acid rain on human beings Y Analytical Methods for
Monitoring Air Pollutants Y Principles of monitoring methods—continuous monitoring instruments Y Principles of environmental monitoring Y
Analytical methods for monitoring air pollutants Y Monitoring of sulphur dioxide Y Monitoring of suiphurated hydrogen Y Monitoring of NO
—NOx Y Monitoring of carbon monoxide Y Monitoring of hydrocarbons (HC) and ozone Y Monitoring of suspended particulate matter (S PM) Y
Monitoring of trace metals In air andwater Y Prevention and Control of Air Pollution Y Control of air pollution by fuel selection and utilisation Y
Control of air pollution by process modification or equipment Y Control of air pollution by Site selection and zoning Y General methods of air
pollution control Y Zoning Y Air pollution control at source Y Controlling air pollution by devices Y Air pollution control by stacks Y Air pollution
control by planting trees and growing vegetation.

273–05 Water Pollution –B.K. Sharma

Y Characteristics of Water Y Uses of water Y Water for industry Y Sources of water Y Quality of natural waters Y Chemistry of water Y
Water in human body Y Water as a solvent Y Main quality characteristics of water Y Effects of water on rocks and minerals Y Organic matter
in water Y Humic material in water Y Colloidal material in water Y Environmental phosphorus chemistry Y Water Pollution Y Definitions
of water pollution Y Water Pollutants Y Types of water pollution Y Physical pollution of water Y Chemical pollution of water Y Biological
pollution of water Y Physiological pollution of water Y Types of Water Pollution Y Ground water pollution Y Protecting ground water
from pollution Y Surface water pollution Y Lake water pollution Y How excess nutrients can kill a lake Y Pollution of lakes Y River water
pollution Y Water pollution in major rivers of India and world Y How rivers are killed Y Water deterioration at world level Y Sea water
pollution Y Marine pollution Y Oil pollution of water Y Sources of oil pollutants in sea water Y Marine pollution episodes Y Effect of oil
pollution in marine water Y Counter measures against oil spills Y Sources of Water Pollution Y Sewage and domestic wastes Y Industrial
effluents Y Agricultural discharges charges Y Fertilizers Y Detergents Y Toxic metals Y Siltation Y Thermal pollutants Y Radioactive materials
in water Y Classification of Water Pollutants Y Inorganic pollutants and toxic metals Y Detrimental effects of inorganic pollutants Y Toxic metals Y
Detrimental effects of trace metals Y Organic pollutants Y Detrimental effects of organic pollutants Y Sediments Y Detrimental effects of sediments Y Synthetic
detergents Y Detrimental effects of detergents Y Oxygen demanding wastes Y Disease causing agents Y Detrimental effects of pathogens Y Index organisms of
water contamination Y Radioactive pollutants Y Detrimental effects of radioactive pollutants in water Y Plant nutrients Y Eutrophication Y Thermal pollutants
in water Y Detrimental effects of thermal pollutants Y Biological pollutants Y Detrimental effects of primary pollutants Y Detrimental effects of corollary
pollutants Y Pesticides pollution Y Sources of pesticidal pollutants in water Y Persistent pesticides Y Distribution of persistent pesticides Y Biological
magnification Y Biodegradation of pesticides Y Mode of poisoning of pesticides Y The degradation and mobility of pesticides Y Gaseous pollutants Y Farm

47
wastes Y Fertilizers Y Suspended matters Y Auto exhaust as water pollutant Y Water Management Y Use and conservation of water resources Y Water
quality management Y Rainwater harvesting Y Water from rocks Y Recharging with treated waste water Y Water management in agriculture - rainfed system
Y rrigated systems Y Sea water for agriculture Y Water management in industries Y Remedial measures of water pollution by authorities Y Penalties Y
Industrial Wastes and Treatment Processes Y The problem of sustenance and the chemical industry Y Characteristics of industrial impurities wastes
Y Types of industrial wastes Y Solid industrial wastes Y Principles of industrial waste treatment Y Protection of biosphere Y Basic trends in biosphere
protion for industrial wastes Y Protection of surface waters from pollution with industrial sewage Y Treatment and disposal of industrial wastes Y
Treatment of wastes or effluents uh organic impurities Y Treatment of wastes or effluents with inorganic impurities Y Effluents of industrial units and their
purification Y Treatment of some industrial effluents Y Sanitary-chemical analysis of industrial effluents or sewage Y The nature and treatment of some
other important chemical wastes Y Purification of Water Y Potability of water Y Removal of coarse, dispersed and colloidal impurities from water:
clarification of water Y Coagulation of waler Y Contact and electro-chemical coagulation Y Flocculants Y Sterilisation and disinfection of water Y
Chemical methods of sterilisation Y Physical methods of sterilisation Y Softening of water Y Clark’s process Y Lime soda process Y Modified lime soda
process Y Permutit or zeolite process Y Ion exchange process Y Demineralization of water Y Determination of hardness Y Industrial water treatment Y
Removal of slime and algae from water Y Removal of smack and odour from water (deodouration) Y Deaeration and deoxygenation of water Y Chemical
deoxygenation of water Y Removal of gas from water Y Sea water as a source of drinking water—Desalting Y Electrodialysis method Y Reverse mosis
method Y Removal of iron and manganese from water Y Removal of silicic acid from water Y Fluoridation and defluoridation of water Y Magnetic
treatment of water Y Purification of water from radioactive substances Y Sewage and Sewage Treatment Y Municipal waste waters Y Important
definitions Y Sewage and its composition Y Bacteriology of sewage and sewage treatment Y Stabilization Y Properties of sewage Y Purpose of sewage
treatment Y Methods of sewage treatment Y Removal of phosphorus and nitrogen, from waste water Y Filtration of sewage Y Types of aerobic oxidation
plants Y Anaerobic biological oxidation plants Y Miscellaneous methods of sewage treatment Y Cycle of decomposition Y Self cleaning velocity Y System
of sewerage Y Analysis of sewage Y Sludge disposal Y Methods of sludge disposal Y Sewage disposal Y Sewage sickness Y Self purification of natural
waters Y Methods of sewage disposal Y Prevention and Control of Water Pollution Y Prevention of water pollution Y Control of water pollution Y
How to make best use of water Y Analysis of Water Pollutants Y Chemical and physical examination of water Y Taking the sample Y Preservation
and preconcentration methods Y Measurement of water quality by chemical and physical examination of water Y Chemical substances affecting potability
Y Colour Y Turbidity Y Odour Y Taste Y Temperature Y Hydrogen ion concentration Y Electrical conductivity Y Solids Y Suspended solias Y Dissolved
solids Y Acidity Y Total acidity Y Alkalinity Y Free carbon dioxide Y Free chlorine Y Chlorine demand Y Calcium Y Magnesium Y Iron Y Manganese Y
Silver Y Zinc Y Chemical substances affecting health Y Ammonia Y Nitrate and nitrite Y Cyanide Y Sulphate Y Sulphide Y Chloride Y Fluoride Y
Fluoridation Y Measurement of toxic chemical substances Y Arsenic Y Beryllium Y Cadmium Y Cromium Y Copper Y Iron Y Lead Y Manganese Y
Selenium Y Mercury Y General analytical methods of determination of metals Y Intemational standards for drinking water (Prescribed by WHO) Y
Chemical substances indicative of pallution Y Dissolved oxygen Y Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Y Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Y
Bacteriological examination of water Y Bacteriological test Y Ecoli index Y Culture medium for Escherichia coliform Y Culture media for total bacteria Y
Most probable number method Y Biological examination of water Y Physical examination of water sample Y Radioactivity of water Y Methods of
removing radioactivity from water Y Microbiology of Drinking Water and Sewage Y Classification of microorganisms Y Morphology of bacteria Y
Capsules Y Motility Y Spore forming of bacteria Y Locomation of bacteria Y Reproduction of bacteria Y Metabolism and chemical composition of bacteria
Y Respiration of bacteria Y Nutrition of bacteria Y Algae Y Fungi Y Protozoa Y Rotifers Y Worms Y Lower crustaceans Y Myxobactoia Y Escherichia
coli-water pollution indicator Y Effects of environments on growth of microorganisms Y Main reasons for spreading the infection Y Microbes in nature Y
Microbiological processes Y Life of microorganisms in water supply systems and sewage treatment plants Y Treatment of sewage with microorganisms Y
Discharge of sewage into sea.

274–02 (B) Soil & Noise Pollution –B.K. Sharma

Section-I: Environment Y Environment keeps changing Y Man interferes with the environment Y Let’s preserve our planet Y Components of
environment Y Factors affecting environment Y Man and envrionment Y Types of environment Y Environment and developoment Y Environmental
management Y Objectives of environmental management Y Components of environmental management Y Environmental education Y Objective of
envrionmental education Y Principles of environmental education Y Health and environment Y Urban environment Y Women and environment Y India
and environment Y World environment day, June 5, 1999 Y Policy initiatives Y Other initiatives Y Transparency and people’s participation Y Preventive
measures Y Major thrust areas for future Y Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Y Concept of environmental chemistry Y Segments of environment Y
Atmosphere Y Structure of atmosphere Y Air as ecological factor Y Reactions of atmospheric oxygen Y Climate and weather Y Hydrosphere Y Solubility of
gases in water Y Hydrological (Water) cycle Y Sea water Y Ocean currents Y Lithosphere Y Process of soil formation Y Biosphere Y Environmental
pollution Y What is pollution? Y Origin of pollution Y Pollutants Y Classification of pollutants Y Types of pollution Y Section-II: Soil Pollution Y
Introduction to Soil Chemistry Y Importance of soil Y What is soil? Y Definition of soil Y Life on soil Y Composition of soil Y Mineral matter in the soil
Y Organic matter in soil Y Soil water Y Soil air Y soil respiration Y Surface soil and sub-soil Y Process of soil foramtion Y Factors affecting soil formation Y
Soil micro-organisms Y The soil profile Y Types of soils Y Soil pH Y Soil acidity Y Amelioration of soil acidity Y Saline and alkaline soil Y Amelioration or

48
reclamation of saline and alkali soils Y Saline soil reclamation and management Y Alkali (saline-alkali and non-saline alkali) soil reclamation and
management Y Soil indicator plants Y Acid soil indicator plants Y Alkaline soil indicator plants Y Saline soil indicators (Halophytes) Y Plants as indicators
of Pollution Y Bioindictors Y Microbial system Y Soil Pollution Y Soil pollution by industrial wastes Y Soil pollution by urban wastes Y Radio-active
pollutants Y Agricultural practices Y Chemical and metalic pollutants Y Biological agents Y Mining Y Resistant objects Y Soil sediments Y Detrimental
effectrs of soil pollutants Y Effects of industrial pollutants Y Effects of sewage and domestic wastes Y Effects of heavy metals Y Effects of radioactive
pollutants Y Effects of modern agro-technology Y Diseases caused by soil pollution Y Impact of soil pollution on air quality Y Soil Erosion Y Causes of
soil erosion Y Causes of water erosion Y Factors affecting soil erosion by water Y Types of water erosion Y Harmful effects of water erosion Y Soil
consevation Y Techniques for control of water erosion Y Wind erosion Y Factors affecting wind erosion Y Cause of soil erosion Y Effects of soil erosion Y
Control of wind erosion Y Erosion by sun Y Control of Soil Pollution Y Control opf sewage, domestic and industrial wastes Y Ecofarming and
ecotechnology Y Biotechnology Y Integrated nutrient management (INM) Y Genetic resource management Y Land use systems Y Water management Y
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Y Fighting pests at home Y Future Strategies Y Eco-technology Y Ecological farming system Y Biotechnology Y
Integrated Plant Nutrient Management (IPNM) Y Integrated pest management - the eco friendly apparaoch Y Soil solarisation Y Watershed management
Y Water management Y Remote sensing technology Y Analysis and Monitoring of Pesticides Carcinogens and Industrial Pollutants Y

Pesticides Y Herbicides Y Fungicides Y Rodenticide Y Carcinohens Y Industrial pollutants in the environment Y Phenolic compounds Y Nitro compounds
Y Section-III: Noise Pollution Y What is noise? Y Sources oif noise pollutiion Y Characteristics of sound Y Measurements of noise-unit of sound Y

Noise level Y Measuring noise level Y Loudness on decibel scale Y Measurement of sound power Y Types of noise Y Air pollution and noise pollution Y
Noise levels in defferent cities of the world Y Noise pollution in New Delhi Y Noise pollution in Madras city Y Noise pollution levels in Lucknow Y Effects of
noise pollution Y Indian scene Y Noise and air pollution on Diwali Y Prevention and control of noise pollution Y Industrial noise control Y Community
noise control Y Control of other types of noises Y Noise pollution analyser Y Anti-noise device Y Noise pollution control in India.

288–04 (C) Surface Chemistry (Adsorption) –Gurdeep Raj

Y Introduction to Surface and Interface Chemistry Y Surface and Interface Chemistry Y Historical Development of Surface Chemistry Y
Adsorption, Absorption, Sorption and Occlusion Y Characteristics of Adsorption Y Adsorption of Gases on Solids Y Methods for Determining Surface
Structure and Composition Y Modern Methods of Stydying Adsorption Y Infrared Spectra of Surface Compounds and Adsorption Complexes Y Physical
Adsorption Y Types of Adsorption Curves Y Types of Adsorption Isotherms (Physical) Y Measurements of Adorption Isotherms or Experimental
Methods of Determining Gas Adsorption Y Various Adsorption Isotherms Y Determination of Surface Area Y Enthalpy of Adsorption Y Determination of
Entropy of Adsorption Y Adsorption Isobars Y Polanyi’s Potential Theory Y Chemisorption Y Special Features of Chemisorption Y Kinetics of
Chemisorption Y Surface Films Y Film Pressure Y Criteria for Spreading of One Liquid on Another Y Surface Pressure Y Measurements of Surface
Pressure Y Structure of Surface Films Y Molecular Dimensions from the Langmuir Surface Balance Y The Analogy between Surface Films and Gases Y
Stae of Monomolecular Films Y Reaction in Monomolecular Films Y Mixed Films Y Protein and Polymer Films Y Applications of Surface Films
Y Insoluble Surface Films Y Types of Surface Films Y Gaseous Films Y Continuous Films Y Adsorption from Solutions Y Electrostatic Adsorption Y

Gibbs Adsorption Equation Y Alternate Definition of Surface Excess Y Solid-Liquid Interface Y Ore Flotation Y Water Repellency Y Thermodynamics of
Gas-Solid Adsorption Y Micellar Systems and Solubilization Y Micellization Y Structure of Micelles Y Ionic Micelles Y Micellization in Non-aqueous
Media Y Solubilization Y Electrokinetic Effects Y Influence of Ions on Electrokinetic Potential Y Applications of Adsorption Y Solved
Problems on Adsorption.

289–04 (B) Phase Rule –Gurdeep Raj

Y Introduction to Phase Rule Y What is a Phase Rule Y Phase Y Component Y Number of Components for a Chemical Rective System Y

Degree of Freedom or Variance of the System Y Phase Reactions Y Conditions for Equilibrium Between Phases Y Stability of Phases Y
Derivation of Phase Rule Y Derivation of Phase Rule for Reactive System Y Alternative Derivation of Phase Rule Y Advantages of Phase Rule Y
Limitations of Phase Rule Y Phase Diagram Y True, Metastable and Unstable Equilibrium Y One-Component Sys tems Y Water System Y
Deuterium Oxide System Y Liquid Helium System Y Polymorphism and Allotropy Y Comparison between Melting and Transition
Point Y Experimental Determination of Transition Point Y Application of Phase Rule to Sulphur System Y Phosphorus System Y
Simplified Phase Diagram for Phosphorus System Y High Pressure Phase Diagrams Y Carbon System Y Liquid Crystals or
Anisotropic Liquids Y Phase Transitions Y Ordering Processes in Solid Solutions Y Distinction between Triple Point and Freezing
Point Y Two-Com po nent Sys tems (Part I) Y Phase Diagram Y Reduced Phase Rule Y Types of two Component Systems

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Y Gas-Solid Systems Y Solid-Liquid Systems of two Component Systems Y Salt-Water Systems Y Potassium Iodide-Water System Y Iron-Carbon System
Y Two-Component Systems (contd.) Liq uid-Liq uid Sys tems (Part II) Y Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Y Type I: Completely Miscible
Liquid Pairs Y Derivation of Duhem-Margules Equation Y Konowaloff's Rule Y Ideal Solutions of Liquids Y Vapour Pressure-Composition
Curve Y Real Solutions of Liquids Y Fractional Distillation of Zeotropic Mixtures Y Determination of Ratio of Distillation to Residue Y
Influence of Impurities (or Foregign Substances) on Critical Solution Temperature Y Influence of Pressure on the Critical Solution
Temperature Y Determination of Critical Solution Temperature (Laboratory Method) Y Distillation of Partially Miscible Liquids (Vapour
Pressure and Distillation Diagrams) Y Distillation of Immiscible Liquids Y Three-Com po nent Sys tems Y Representation of three
Component Systems Y Three Component Systems Involving Liquid-Liquid Equilibria Y Three Component Systems Involving Solid-Liquid
Equilibria Y Salting Out Phenomenon Y Qua ter nary, Quinary and Six Com po nent Sys tems Y Quaternary Systems Y Quinary Systems Y Six
Component Systems.

295–07 (B) Nuclear & Radiation Chemistry –B.K. Sharma

Y Introduction Y Nuclear chemistry and nuclear reactions Y Difference between nuclear and chemical reactions Y Types of nuclear reactions Y Q values
of nuclear reactions Y Important points Y Fundamental Particles and Quarks Y Properties of nuclear particles Y The electron Y Properties of electron
Y Properties of cathode rays Y The proton Y Properties of proton Y The neutron Y The positron Y The mesons and hyperons (Y—particles) Y The neutrino

and antineutrino Y The antiprotons and antineutrons Y The photon Y The graviton Y V-particles Y The interaction between particles Y Quarks Y
Properties of Nucleus Y Discovery of nucleus Y Rutherford model of atom Y Properties of nucleus Y Composition of nucleus Y Atomic mass unit Y
Nuclear stability Y Belt of stability Y Meson theory of nuclear forces Y Decay processes Y Electron capture Y Positron emission Y Alpha decay Y Beta
decay Y Internal conversion Y Lighter radioactive nutilides Y Theories of nuclear composition Y Proton electron theory Y Proton neutron theory Y
Meson theory of nuclear forces Y Neutron proton theory Y The antiproton neutron theory Y Nuclear mass Y Nuclear charge Y Nuclear size Y Nuclear
spin and magnetic moment Y Structure of the nucleus Y Nuclear models Y Liquid drop model Y Shell model and magic numbers Y Fermi gas model Y
Nucleon pairing Y Odd- even effect Y Binding forces in nucleus Y Natural Radioactivity Y Radioactivity Y Natural radio activity Y Characteristics of
alpha rays Y Characteristics of beta rays Y Characteristics of gamma rays Y Experimental proof that alpha particles are helium nuclei Y Harmful effects of
radiation Y Radioactive units Y The disintegration theory Y Rate of disintegration Y Methods of determining half life period Y Half life period normal Y
Half life period extremely great Y Half life period extremely short Y Group displacement law Y Radioactive series Y Packing fraction Y Radioactive
equilibrium Y Detection and Measurement of Radioactivity Y Interaction of radiation with matter Y Particle tracking Y Devices used for radioactive
measurements Y lonisation chamber Y Geiger Muller counter Y Proportional counters Y Flow counters Y End window counters Y Scintillation counters Y
Semiconductor counters Y Wilson cloud chamber Y Glaser’s Bubble chamber Y Electroscope Y Isotopes and Isobars Y Nuclides Y Isotopes Y Isobars Y
Isotones Y Isomers Y Isodiaphers Y Isosters Y Isoelectronic species Y Nuclear isomers Y Stable and unstable nuclei Y formation of isotopes and isobars Y
The detection and study of isotopes - positive ray analysis Y Mass spectrometer Y Principle of operation of mass spectrometer Y Principle of measurement
Y Double focusing Y Separation of isotopes Y Separation factor Y Isotopic separation Y Gaseous diffusion method Y Thermal diffusion method Y Ionic

migration method Y Photochemical method Y Electromagnetic or mass spectrographic method Y Chemical exchange method Y Nuclear Reactions Y
Bombarding particles Y The formation and behaviour of compound nucleus Y Classification of nuclear reactions Y Nuclear reactions induced by charged
particles Y Nuclear reactions induced by neutrons Y Artificial Transmutation or Artificial Disintegration Y Explanation Y Practical difficulties
Y Projectiles for transmutation Y Methods of producing nuclear particles Y More powerful particle accelerating machines Y Bohr’s theory of nuclear
disintegration Y Method of artificial disintegration Y Detection and measurement artificial transmutation Y Artificial or Induced Radioactivity Y
Discovery of artificial radioactivity Y Detection and measurement of artificial activity Y Production of artificial radioactivity Y Induced radioactivity
produced by alpha particles Y Induced radioactivity produced by photons Y Induced radioactivity produced by deuterons Y Induced radioactivity
produced by neutrons Y K— electron capture Y Nuclear isomerism Y Mechanism of artificial radioactivity Y Importance and applications of artificial
radioactivity Y Transuranium Elements Y Neptunium Y Plutonium Y Americium Y Curium Y Berkelium Y Californium Y Einsteinium Y Fermium Y
Mendelevium Y Nobelium Y Lawrencium Y Kurchatovium Y Element number Y Controversial Elements Y Technitium Y Discovery Y Isotopes of
technitium Y Technitium in nature Y Physical properties of technitium Y Chemical properties of technitium Y Compounds of technitium Y Technitium
in solution Y Complex compounds Y Separation of technitium from other elements Y Production of technitium Y Production of metallic technitium Y
Alloys of technitium Y Analysis of technitium Y Uses of technitium Y Promethium Y Discovery Y Promethium in nature Y Properties of compounds of
promethium Y Promethium in solution Y Separation and preparation of promethium Y Analysis of promethium Y Uses of promethium Y Astatine Y
Discovery Y Isotopes of astatine Y Astatine in nature Y Properties and compounds of astatine Y Separation of astatine Y Analysis of astatine Y Francium
Y Discovery Y Francium in nature Y Physical and chemical properties of francium Y Separation and preparation of francium Y New artificial atoms Y

Positronium Y Muonium Y Nuclear Fuels Y Processing of uranium compounds Y Processing of thorium ores Y Separation of thorium Y Production of

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thorium compounds Y Production of metallic uranium Y Production of metallic thorium Y Production of spent nuclear fuel Y Disposal of radioactive
wastes Y Uranium and Thorium Y Uranium Y Discovery Y Extraction Y Uranium in nature Y Physical properties of uranium Y Chemical properties of
uranium Y Compounds of uranium Y Uses Y Thorium Y Discovery Y Extraction Y Thorium in nature Y Physical properties of thorium Y Chemical
properties of thorium Y Compounds of thorium Y Thorium in solution Y Preparation of isotopes of thorium Y Uses of thorium Y Nuclear Fission and
Fusion Y Fission energy Y Fission chain reaction Y Nuclear fission and liquid drop model Y Fissionable 235U Y Test for fissionability Y The fragment
pattern Y Atom bomb Y Detection of fission Y Importance of nuclear fission Y Practical application of nuclear fission Y Mass energy relations Y Nuclear
fusion Y Controlled nuclear fusion Y Generation of electricity from nuclear fusion Y Nuclear fusion and fission Y Sources of energy Y Steller energy Y
Synthesis of elements in stars Y Nuclear Reactors Y Characteristic features Y Nuclear reactors in actual use Y Some Indian nuclear reactors Y
Applications of reactors Y Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear reactors Y Power reactors Y Nuclear power stations in India Y Breeder
reactors Y Dis posal of Ra dioac tive Wastes Y Disposal methods of radioactive wastes Y Disadvantages of storing liquid waste Y
Reprocessing of spent uranium fuel and its disposal Y Recent methods to dispose critically dangerous radio wastes Y Converting radio waste
into solid form Y Other recent disposal methods Y Chem is try of Nu clear Trans for ma tion Y Radiation chemistry Y Interaction of ionising
radiation with matter Y Quantitative characteristics of radiation — chemical changes Y Principal types of radiation-chemical changes Y Effect
of ionising radiations on water and aqueous solutions Y Effect of ionising radiations on organic compounds Y Specific features of radiation
induced transformations in solid compounds Y Autoradiolysis Y Effect of radioactivity on the physical properties of radioactive substances Y
Ra dio Chem is try Y Types of radiochemistry Y Radioactive substances Y Classification of radioactive isotopes Y General Radio Chemistry
Y Isotopic exchange Y Basic concepts Y Isotopic exchange by dissociation Y Isotopic exchange by association Y Electron exchange reactions Y Isotopic
exchange through reversible chemical processes Y Distribution of micro concentrations of radioactive isotopes between two phases Y Laws of
coprecipitation Y Adsorption of radioisotopes Y Types of adsorption Y Adsorption on ionic crystals Y The state of radioisotopes in ultra small
concentrations Y Factors affecting the state of radioactive isotopes in solution Y Methods of studying dispersion of radioactive isotopes in solution Y
Methods of studying the ionic state of radioactive isotopes in solution Y The state of radioactive isotopes in a gaseous medium Y The state of radioactive
isotopes in solids Y Mossbauer Effect Y Resonance fluorescence and absorption in nuclei Y Mossbauer effect Y Apparatus for Mossbauer spectroscopy
Y Lamb Mossbauer factor Y Mossbauer nuclides Y Formation of Mossbauer nuclides Y Standard reference absorber Y Applications of Mossbauer
spectroscopy Y Chemistry of Atoms Produced in Nuclear Transformation- Hot Atom Chem is try Y Formation of radioactive isotopes Y
Formation of recoil atoms Y The charge of recoil atoms Y Retention Y Mechanism of reactions of recoil atoms Y Effect of various factors on retention Y Hot
atom reactions in solids Y Chemical changes in isomeric transitions Y Chemical changes in beta decay processes Y Reactions of recoil tritium atoms Y
Reactions of recoil carbon atoms Y Radioactive Elements and Radioactive Isotopes in Nature Y Natural radioactive elements Y Radio
isotopes-products of nuclear processes occurring in nature Y Products of nuclear explosions in nature Y Radiochemical analysis of natural
objects Y Ap pli ca tions of Ra dio ac tive Iso topes in Study ing the Mech a nism of Chem i cal Re ac tions Y The tracer method Y The
equivalence of chemical bonds in molecules Y Tautomerism Y Mechanism of rearrangements Y Mechanism of isomerisation Y Mechanism of
reactions involving free radical formation Y Mechanism of oxidation and reduction reactions Y Neiman kinetic isotope method Y Mechanism
of catalysis Y Mechanism of corrosion Y Tracer Tech nique Y General principles in the use of isotopic tracers Y Radioactive tracers Y What is tracer
technique Y Applications of tracer technique Y Applications in analytical chemistry Y Chemical investigation Y Radiochromatography Y Isotopic dilution
analysis Y Advantages of isotopic dilution analysis Y Activation analysis Y Advantages of activation analysis Y Disadvantages of activation analysis Y
Applications Y Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis PGNAA) Y Neutron absorptiometry Y Radionietric analysis Y Radiometric titrations Y
Procedure Y Types of radiometric titrating Y Advantages Y Radio carbon Y Age of earth Y Age of rocks Y Age of organic materials Y Radioisotopes in
biological field Y Radioisotopes in medicine Y Radioimunology (RIA) Y Radioisotopes in agriculture Y Radioisotopes in industry Y Radioisotopes as a
source of energy Y Preparation and Separation of Radioactive Isotopes Y Separation methods Y Production of radioactive isotopes — Decay
products of 238U, 235U and 232Th Y Production of radioactive isotopes by nuclear reaction Y Production of radioactive isotopes from fission products of
uranium Y Formation of radioactive isotopes in nuclear eactions involving high energy particles Y Synthesis of Compounds Labelled with
Radioactive Isotopes Y Methods and specificity of synthesis of labelled compounds. Y Nomenclature Y Direct chemial synthesis Y Synthesis of
compounds labelled with carbon—I 4 Y Synthesis of compounds labelled with tritium Y Synthesis of compounds labelled with sulphur-35 Y Synthesis of
compounds labelled with radioisotopes 36Cl, 82Br and 131I Y Synthesis of organic compounds labelled with phosphorus-32 Y Synthesis by isotope
exchange Y Biosynthesis Y Recoil synthesis or hot synthesis Y Advantages of recoil method Y Disadvantages of recoil method Y Synthesis of recoil atoms
for hot synthesis Y Synthesis of labelled compounds by beta decay of isotopes contained in molecules Y Physicochemical methods of synthesis Y
Synthesis of multiply labelled compounds Y Use of Radioisotopes for Determining the Physicochemical Constants Y Use of radioisotopes for
testing and development of methods of analysis Y Equilibrium constants and distribution constants Y Reaction rate constants at equilibrium Y Solubility of
sparingly soluble substances Y Equilibrium constants of heterogeneous reactions Y Diffusion and self diffusion coefficients Y Stability constants of complex
compounds.

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 Chemistry for Engineering Students
315–10 Environment and Ecology –R.K. Agarwal & V.K. Sangal

Y Scope Importance and Need of Environmental Studies Y Definition Y Segments of Environment Y Scope Y Importance Y Need for Public
Awareness Y Ecosystem Y Concept of an Ecosystem Y Ecosystem Structure and Functions Y Components of an Ecosystem Y Energy Flow in
Ecosystem Y Ecological Succession Y Food Chains, Food Webs and Ecological Pyramids Y Homeostasis and Feedback Y Types of Ecosystem Y
Forest Ecosystem Y Grassland Ecosystem Y Desert Ecosystem Y Aquatic Ecosystem Y Restoration of Damaged Ecosystems or Ecosystem Restoration Y
Biodiversity Y Definition Y Biogeographical Classification of India Y Economical Role of Biodiversity/Value of Biodiversity Y Global Biodiversity Y
Biodiversity at National Level Y Regional or Local Biodiversity Y India as a Mega-Diversity Nation Y Hot-Spots of Biodiversity Y Threats to Biodiversity Y
Reasons for Extinction of Biodiversity Y Endangered Species of India Y Endemic Species of India Y Conservation of Biodiversity Y Conservation
Methods Y Natural Resources Y Classification Y Natural Resources and Associated Problems Y Water Resources Y Mineral Resources Y
Biogeochemical Cycles Y Carbon Hydrogen Cycles Y Energy Y Classification Y Energy From Biomass Y Nuclear Energy Y Geothermal Energy Y
Ocean Termal Energy Y Hydrogen as Energy Source Y Alternative Fuels Y Human Population and Environment Y Population Growth Y Human
Population Growth Y Population Parameters and variation among Nations Y The Population Explosion Y Population Migration Y Effects of Human
Activities on Environment Y Impacts of Human Activities on Environment Y Effects of Human Activities on Ecosystem and Natural Resources Y Social
Issues and the Environment Y From Unsustainable to Sustainable Development Y Urban Problem Related to Energy Y Water Conservation Y Rain
Water Harvesting Y Watershed Management Y Waste Management Y Solid Waste Y Resettlement and Rehabitation of People Y Environmental Ethics Y
Wasteland Reclamation Y Consumerism and Waste Products Y Environmental Pollution and their Effects Y Definition Y Types of Pollution Y Air
Pollution Y Water Pollution Y Soil Pollution Y Marine Pollution Y Noise Pollution Y Thermal Pollution Y Role of an Individual in Prevention of
Pollution Y Pollution Case Studies Y Environmental Changes and Human Health Y Climate Change Y Green House Effect and Global Warming Y
Acid Rain Y Ozone in Stratosphere Y Water Brone Diseases Y Diseases caused by Chemical Agents Y Air Borne Diseases Y Toxic Waste or Hazardous
waste Y Carcinogens Y Nuclear Hazards Y Indicators and Environmental Impact Assessments Y Bioindicators Y Natural Disasters Y Disaster
Management in India Y Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Y Role of the Genral Public in Environmental clearance Y Environmental
Protections Laws and Acts Y Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act, 1974 Y Air (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Y
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Y National Forest Policy Y Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 Y Issues Involved in Enforcement of Environmental
Legislation Y Non-Goverment Organisation (NGO) Y Initiatives by Non-Govermental Organisations Y Environmental Education Y Women Education Y
Value Education.

318–16 Engineering Chemistry –R.K. Agarwal

Section-A: Chemical Bonding Y Ionic or Electrovalent Bond Y Covalent Bond Y Coordinate Bond Y Molecular Orbital Theory Y Hydrogen
Bonding Y Metallic Bonds Y States of Matter (Solid State) Y Types of Solids Y Types of Symmetry in Cubic Crystals Y Types of Unit Cells Y Structures
of Simple Ionic Compounds Y Bragg's Equation Y Imperfections in Solids Y Diamond Y Graphite Y Fullerenes Y Liquid Crystalline State Y Polymers Y
Nomenclature Y Tacticity Y Characteristics Y Classification of Polymers Y Types of Polymerization Y Mechanism of Addition Polymerization Y Some
Important Polymers Y Molecular Weight of Polymers Y Ion Exchange Resins Y Conductive Polymers Y Biodegradable Polymers Y Organometallic
Compounds Y Grignard Reagents Y Isomerism Y Structural Isomerism Y Stereoisomerism Y Optical Isomerism Y R & S Nomenclature Y
Geometrical Isomerism Y E, Z-Nomenclature for Geometrical Isomers Y Conformational Isomerism Y Organic Reaction Mechanism Y Electron Effect
Y Resonance Y Hyperconjugation Y Homolytic and Heterolytic Bond Fission Y Types of Reagents Y Reaction Intermediates Y Types of Organic Reactions Y
Instrumentation Y Spectroscopy Y Electromagnetic Radiation Y Classification of Spectra Y Spectrophotometer Y Infra-red Spectroscopy Y Ultraviolet
Spectroscopy Y Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Y Water Y Sources of Water Y Alkalinity of Water Y Hardness of Water Y Estimation of
Hardness Y Units of Hardness Y Boiler Feed Waters Y Scale and Sludge Formation in Boilers Y Caustic Embrittlement Y Boiler Corrosion Y Priming and
Foaming Y Desalination of Brackish Water Y Treatment of Water Y Phase Rule Y Terms Used Y Derivation of Phase Rule Y Advantages of Phase Rule Y
Limitations of Phase Rule Y Application of Gibbs Phase Rule to One Component System Y The Water System Y Polymorphism Y Sulphur System Y
Fuels Y Characteristics of a Good Fuel Y Classification of Fuels Y Coal Y Bio-Gas Y Bio-mass Y Solar Energy Y Calorific Value of a Fuel Y Gross and Net
Calorific Value Y Determination of Calorific Value Using Bomb Calorimeter Y Cement, Plaster of Paris and Lubricants Y Cement Y Plaster of Paris Y
Lubricants Y Corrosion Y Economic Consequences of Corrosion Y Types of Corrosion Y Passivity Y Different Forms of Corrosion Y Prevention of
Corrosion or Corrosion Control Y Section-B: Practicals.

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 324–06 (B) Engineering Chemistry (General) –B.K. Sharma

Y Section 1: Chemistry of Engineering Materials Y Water Treatment Y Uses of Water Y Water for Industry Y Sources of Water Y Water in
Human Body Y Water as a Solvent Y Water Conditioning Y Softening of Water Y Clark’s Process Y Lime Soda Process Y Modified Lime Soda
Process Y Permutit or Zeolite Process Y Ion Exchange Process Y Demineralisation of Water Y Treatment of Water for Muncipal Purposes Y
Probability of Water Y Prevention of Plumbo Solvency Y Chemical Methods of Sterilisation Y Forms of Chlorination Y Physical Methods of
Sterilisation Y Sea Water as a Source of Drinking Water Y Desalting Y Electrodialysis Method Y Reverse Osmosis Method Y Priming and Foaming
Y Caustic Embrittlement Y Industrial Water Treatment Y Removal of Slime and Algae from Water Y Deaeration and Deoxygenation of Water Y
Chemical Deoxygenation of Water Y Coagulation of Water Y Flocculators Y Water Analysis Y Chemical and Physical Examination of Water Y
Taking the Sample Y Preservation and Pre-concentration Methods Y Measurement of Water Quality by Chemical and Physical Examination of
Water Y Chemical Substances Affecting Protability Y Colour Y Turbidity Y Odour Y Taste Y Temperature Y Hydrogen ion Concentration (pH) Y
Electrical Conductivity Y Solids Y Suspended Solids Y Acidity Y Total Acidity Y Free Chlorine Y Chlorine Demand Y Calcium Y Magnesium Y Iron
Y Maaganese Y Zinc Y Beryllium Y Chemical Substances Affecting Health Y Ammonia Y Nitrate and Nitrite Y Cyanide Y Sulphate Y Sulphide Y
Chloride Y Fluoride Y Fluoridation Y Chemical Substances Indicating of Polution Y Dissolved Oxygen Y Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Y
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Y Bacteriological Examination of Water Y E.coli Index Y Culture Medium for Escherichia Coliform Y Culture
Medium for Total Bacteria Y Most Probable Number Method Y Standard Prescribed by WHO Y Biological Examination of Water Y Determination
Y Physical Examination of Water Sample Y Algal Examination Y Standards of Biological Activity Prescribed by ISI Y Measurement of Total
Organic Matter Y Metals and other Chemical Substances Y Radio Activity of Water Y Methods of Removing Radioactivity from Water Y
Determination of Hardness Y Methods of Determining Hardness Y Some Problems on Lime Soda Process, Zeolites and Hardness of Water Y
Sewage and Sewage Treatment Y Munipal Waste Waters Y Sewage and its Composition Y Bacteriology of Sewage and Sewage Treatment Y
Stabilization Y Properties of Sewage Y Purpose of Sewage Treatment Y Methods of Sewage Treatment Y Preliminary or Mechanical Treatment Y
Preliminary Treatment Y Secondary or Biological Treatment Y Activated Sludge Process Y Tertiary Treatment Y Filtration of Sewage Y Types of
Aerobic Oxidation Plants Y Anaerobic Biological Oxidation Plants Y Miscellaneous Methods of Sewage Treatment Y Aerated Lagoonds Y
Oxidation Ditch Y Anaerobic Lagoonds Y Septic Tanks Y Imhoff Tanks Y Self Cleaning Velocity Y Analysis of Sewage Y Limitations of bod Test Y
Sewage Disposal Y Fuels Y What is Fuel Y Calorific Value Y Determination of Calorific Value Y Modern Concept of Fuels Y Classification of Fuels
Y Criterion of Selection of Fuel Y Properties of Fuels Y Methods of Processing Various Fuels Y Solid Fuels Y Natural Solid Fuels Y Artificial Solid
Fuels Y Industrial Solid Fuels Y Formation of Coal Y Properties of Coal Y Classification of Coal Y Coking and Non-coking Coals Y Pulverised Coal
Y Role of Sulphur and Ash in Coal Y Advantages of Solid Fuels Over Liquid and Gaseous Fuels Y Composition of Coal Y Analysis of Coal Y
Proximate Analysis Y Ultimate Analysis Y Calorific Value Y The High and Low Temperature Carbonisation of Coal Y High Temperature
Carbonisation of Coal Y Manufacture of Coal Gas Y Types of Coking Y Coal Chemicals Y Recovery Coal Chemicals Y Processing of
Carbonisation Products Y Fuels for Metallurgy Y Low Temperature Carbonisation Y Distillation of Coal Tar Y Uses of Tar Products Y
Non-petroleum Fuels Y Manufacture of Power Alcohol Y Ethyl Alcohol from Molasses Y Alcohol from Waste Sulphite Liquor Y Manufacture from
Starchy Materials Y Manufacture from Cellulose Materials Y Manufacture from Hydrocarbon Gases Y Importance of Power Alcohol as Fuel Y
Destructive Distillation of Wood Y Gaseous Fuels Y Advantages of Gaseous Fuels Y Classification of Gaseous Fuels Y Natural Gaseous Fuels Y
Artificial Gaseous Fuels Y Water Gas Y Carburetted Water Gas Y Producer Gas Y Semiwater Gas Y Oil Gas Y Liquid Petrolium Gas (LPG) Y
Biogas or Gobar Gas Y Disadvantages of Gaseous Fuels Y Liquid Fuels Y Characteristics of Liquid Fuels Y Petroleum Y Occurrence Y Mining of
Petroleum Y Prospecting Y Colur and Consistency Y Origin Y Composition Y Classification Y Distillation of Crude Petroleum Y Treatment of the
Residual Liquid Y Purification of Petroleum Products Y Flash Point Y Knocking Y Antiknock Compounds Y Octane Number Y Cetane Number Y
Natural Gasoline Y Cracking Y Houdry Process Y Advantages of Catalytic Cracking Over Thermal Cracking Y Chemical Treatment for Upgrading
a Liquid Fuel Y Reforming Y Polymerisation Y Catalytic Polymerisation to Form iso-octane Motor Fuel Y Alkylation Y Isomerisation Y
Aromatisation Y Dehydration of Paraffins and Olefins Y Synthetic Fuels from Coal Y Liquefaction of Coals or Hydrogenation of Coal Y Aviation
Gasoline Y Kerosene Oil Y Gas Oil Y Diesel Fuel Y Benzol Y Coal Tar Y Colloidal Fuels Y Petrochemicals Y Nuclear Fuels Y Nuclear Fusion Y
Nuclear Reactors Y Breeder Reactors Y Atom Bomb Y Nuclear Fission Y Nuclear Fission and Fusion Y Energy Y Renewable and Non-renewable
Sources of Energy Y Conventional Sources and Non-conventional Sources of Energy Y Sources of Energy Y Fuel Cells Y Combusion Y
Calculation of Air Required for Combustion Y Some Solved Numerical Problems Y Lubricants Y Lubricants Y Properties of Lubricants Y
Classification of Lubrication Y Substances Used as Lubricants Y Additives for Lubricating Oils Y Lubricants of Mineral Origin Y Synthetic Lubricants Y
Lubricating Greases Y Chemical Properties of Greases Y Solid Lubricants Y Lubricant Emulsions Y Some Tests Carried out on Lubricants Y Cutting Fluids
Y Selection of Lubricants Y Lubricating Oil Classification and their Uses for Different Types of Machinery Y Glass Y Physical Properties of Glass Y

Chemical Properties of Glass Y Characteristics of Glass Y Raw Materials Y Chemical Reactions Y Method of Manufacture Y Formation of Batch
Material Y Melting Y Chemical Reactions in the Furnace Y Shaping and Forming Y Forcault Process of Shaping Sheet or Window Glass Y Shaping
of Plate Glass Y Annealing Y Finishing Y Some Spacial Glasses Y Adhesives Y The Process of Bonding Y Classification of Adhesives Y
Preparation of Adhesives Y Animal Glue Y Other Protein Adhesives Y Starch Adhesives Y Synthetic Resin Adhesives Y Rubber Based Adhesives Y
Cellulose and Silicate Adhesives Y Uses of Adhesives Y Dielectrics or Electrical Insulating Materials Y Dielectric Properties Y Classification
of Insulating Materials Y Gaseous Insulating Materials Y Liquid Insulating Materials Y Solid Insulating Materials Y Thermal Insulators Y Semi

53
Conductors Y Plastics Y Properties of Plastics Y Molecular Makeup and Properties of Polymers Y High Polymers Y Classification Y
Polymerisation Y Condensation Polymerisation Y Addition polymerisation Y Difference between Additon and Condensation Polymerisation Y
Branching and Cross Linking in Free Radical Addition Polymerisation Y Copolymerisation Y Polymerisation Process Y Effect of Polymer
Structure on Properties Y Molecular Weight Y Plastic Deformation Physical State of Polymer Y Elastic Property Y Chemical Resistance Y
Solubility Y Intermolecular Forces in Monomers and Polymers Y Plastic Elastomers and Fibres Y Crystallinity of Polymers Y Isotactic Syndiotactic
and Atactic Polymers Y Crystallisability Y Structure Regularity and Crystallisability Y Effect of Crystallinity on the Properties of Polymer Y Optical
and Geometrical Isomerism Y Stereochemistry of Polymerisation Y Preparation of Stereoregular Polymers Y Co-ordination Polymerisation Y
Phase Systems for Polymerisation Y Mass or Bulk Polymerisation Y Solution Polymerisation Y Emulsion Polymerisation Y Bead Polymerisation
or Suspension Polymerisation Y Monomer Purification Y Moulding Constituents of Plastic Y Important Points Y Processing Techniques Y
Moulding of Plastics into Articles Y Callendering Y Casting Y Thermoforming Y Production of Polymers Ethenoid Plastics and Resins Y
Polyethylene or Polythene Y Polypropylene Y Polystyrene Y Polybutylene Y Polyisobutylene Y Polyarcylic Acid Y Polycarbonates Y Vinyl Resins
and Plastics Y Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA) Y Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Y Vinyl Chloride-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Y Polyvinyl Carbonate Y Polyvinyl
Fluoride Y Cellulose Plastics and Resins Y Cellulose Esters Y Cellulose Acetate Y Cellulose Acetate Bytyrate Y Cellulose Ethers Y Ethyl Cellulose Y
Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) Y Acrylic Resins and Plastics Y Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Y Polyester Resins and Plastics Y Alkyd Resins
and Plastics Y Polytetrafluoro Ethylene (PTFE) Y Amino Resins and Plastics Y Urea Formation Resin Y Melamine Formaldehyde Resins Y
Application of Amino Resins Y Phenol Y Formaldehyde Resin and Plastics Y Bakalite Y Preparation of Resol Y Cast Phenolics Y Silicon Resins
and Plastics Y Different Types of Silicons and their Uses Y Epoxy Resins and Plastics Y Rubber Y Importance of Rubber Y Rubber Plants Y Types
of Rubber Y Chlorinated and Oxygenated Rubber Y Cyclo Rubber Y Latex Y Coagulation of Ruber Y Crude Natural Rubber Y Guttaparaha Y
Guayule Rubber Y Balata Y Refining of Crude Rubber Y Drawbacks of Raw Rubber Y Rubber Fabrication Y Vulcanisation Y Techniques of
Vulcanisation Y Properties of Vulcanised Rubber Y Physical Properties of Rubber Y Chemical Properties of Rubber Y Solvents for Natural Rubber
Y Classification of Rubber Y Synthetic Rubber Y Polyisoprene Rubber (Synthetic Natural Rubber) Y Lactoprene Y Buna-S or SBR Rubber Y
Manufacture Y Properties of SBR Rubber Y Neoprene (or GR-M) Rubber Y Properties of Neoprene Y Buna-N or GR-A or Nitrile Rubber Y
Properties of Buna-N Y Butyl Rubber Y Properties of Butyl Rubber Y Thiokol (Polysulphide Rubber) Y Properties of Thiokol Y Silicon Rubber Y
Properties of Silicon Rubber Y Polyurethane Rubber (Isocyanate Rubber) Y Properties of Urethane Rubber Y Spandax Y Reclaimed Rubber Y
Advantages of Reclaimed Rubber Y Properties of Reclaimed Rubber Y Sponge Rubber Y Foam Rubber Y Properties of Rubber Foam Y Laminates
Y Rubber Cement Y Thermocole Y Applications of Rubber Y Rubber Derivatives Y Ceramics Y What are Ceramics Y Subdivision of Ceramics Y

General Properties of Ceramics Y Permeable (Porous) and Impermeable (Non-porous) Wares Y Distinction between Permeable and
Impermeable Wares Y Classification based on Reduction in Porosity Y Basic Raw Materials Y Other Ingredients Y Manufacturing Process Y
Grinding of Raw Materials Y Mixing or Preparation of Bodies Y Body Preparation Using Clay in Plastic State Y Body Preparation Using Dry Clay
Y Body Preparation Using Clay Slip Y Filtering Y Kneading Y Jollying Y Slit Castings Y Pressing Y Extrusion Y Turning Y Drying Y Types of Dryers
Y Firing Y Glazing Y Frits Y Decoration Y Applications of Colours to Pottery Y Porcelain and China Y Raw Materials Y Manufacture Y Earthen
Wares and Stone Wares Y Questions Y Refractories Y What are Refractories Y Classification of Refractories Y Classification Based on
Refractoriness Y Properties of Refractories Y Manufacture of Refractories Y Fire Clay Bricks Y Manufacture Properties of Fire Clay Refractories Y
Uses of Fireclay Refractories Y High Alumina Refractories Y Properties of Bauxite Refractories Y Uses of High Alumina Bricks Y Silica Bricks Y
Properties of Silica Bricks Y Uses of Silica Bricks Y Sillimanite Refractories Y Properties of Sillimanite Bricks Y Uses of Sillimanite Refractories Y
Magnesite Refractories Y Properties of Magnesite Refractories Y Uses of Magnesite Refractories Y Forsterite Bricks Y Uses of Forsterite Bricks Y
Dolomite Bricks Y Properties of Dolomite Bricks Y Lime Refractories Y Chromite Bricks Y Properties of Chromite Bricks Y Uses of Chromite Bricks
Y Super Refractories Y Silicon Carbide or Carborundum Refractories Y Properties of Silicon Carbide Bricks Y Uses of Silicon Carbide Refractories
Y Carbon or Graphite Refractories Y Properties of Carbon Refractories Y Properties of Graphite Refractories Y Uses of Carbon and Graphite
Refractories Y Pure Oxide Refractories Y Ceramic Fibres Y Cermets Y Insulating Refractories Y Enamels Y Abrasives Y Kinds of Abrasives Y
Manufacture of Artificial Abrasives Y Silicon Carbide or Carborundum Y Uses Y Calcium Carbide Y Uses Y Alundum Y Uses Y Boron Carbide Y
Boron Nitride Y Synthetic Graphite Y Uses Y Uses of Abrasives Y Bonded Grinding Wheels Y Abrasive Paper and Abrasive Cloth Y Some Forms
of Industrial Carbon Y Protective or Metallic Coatings Y Coating Processes Y Hot Dipping Y Metal Clading Y Electrodeposition or
Electroplating Y Applications of Electroplating Y Factors Influencing the Nature of Deposit Preparation of Materials for Electroplating Y Factors
Influencing the Nature of Deposit Y Requirements of Deposting Solution (Electrolyte) Y Electrical Energy Required for Electrodeposition Y
Electroplating of Some Metals Y Displacement or Immersion Plating Y Impregnated Coating or Cementation Y Metal Spraying or Metallized
Coatings Y Vapour Deposition Y Chemical Conversion Coatings Y Organic Coating Y Paints and Pigments Y White Pigments Y White Lead Y
Manufacture Y Carter or Quick Process Y Electrolytic method, Modern chamber process Y Sublimed White Lead (Basic Sulphate) Y Physical
Properties of White Lead Y Characteristics of the Pigment Y Uses Y Zinc Oxide Y Manufacture Y The French Process Y American Process Y The
Electrothermic Process Y Calamine Method Y Physical Properties of Zinc Oxide Pigment Y Characteristics of the Pigment Y Uses Y Lithopone Y
Physical Properties of the Pigment Y Characteristics of the Paint Y Uses Y Titanium Dioxide Y Manufacture Y Modern Chlorine Method Y Physical
Properties of the Pigment Y Characteristics of the Pigment Y Uses Y Blue Pigments Y Ultramarine Blue Y Uses Y Cobalt Blues and Iron Blues Y
Uses Y Red Pigments Y Red Lead Y Characteristics of Red Lead Y Uses Y Synthetic Iron Oxide Pigment Y Green Pigments Y Chrome Green Y Uses
Y Guignets Green Y Reinmann’s Green Y Black Pigments Y Yellow Pigments Y Paints Y Classification of Paints Y Distempers Y Constituents of

54
Paint Y Manufacture of Paints Y Setting of the Paint Y Requirements of a Good Paint Y Importance of PVC Y Paint Failure Y Emulsion Paints Y
Constituents of Emulsion Paints Y Chemical Action of Emulsion Paint Y Latex Paints Y Luminscent Paints Y Fire Retardant Paints Y Heat Resistant Paints
Y Methods of Applying Paints Y Special Applications of Paints Y Varnishes Y Raw Materials Y Manufacture of Varnishes Y Japans Y Enamels or Gloss
Finisher Y Lacquers Y Portland Cement Y Other Types of Cement Y Sulphate Resistant Cement Y Higher Alumina Cement Y Water Proof
Cement Y Hydraulic Hydrated Lime Y Slag Cement Y Acid Resisting Cement Y Super Sulphate Cement Y White Cement Y Coloured Cement Y
Sorel’s Cement Y Pozzolan Cement Y Types of Portland Cement Y Raw Materials Y Cement Rock Benefication Y Manufacture Y Reactions in the
Kiln Y Mixing of Additives to the Cement Y Setting of Cement Y Functions of Compounds Y Properties of Cement Y Indian Standards Institute
(ISI) Specification of Cement Y Testing of Cement Y Uses Y Mortar and Concrete Y Curing of Concrete Y Decay of Concrete Y Gypsum Y Plaster
of Paris Y Lime Y Manufacture of Lime Y Properties of Lime Y Setting and Hardening of Lime Y Explosives Y Classification Y Deflagrading or
Low Explosives Y Characteristis of Explosives Y Requirements of Good Explosives Y Nitrocellulose Y PETN or Penithrit Y Dinitrobenzene Y
(DNB) Y Trinitrobenzene (TNB) Y Trinitrotoluene Y (TNT) Y Picric Acid Y Ammonium Picrate or Explosive D Y Nitroglycerine and Dynamite Y
Cordite Y Gunpowder or Black Powder Y RDX-or Cyclonite Y EDNA Y HMX Y Tetryl Y Pentryl Y Hexyl Y Lead Azide Y Dinol Y Tetracene Y
Incendiaries Y Pyrotechnics Y Metals and Metallurgy Y Principles of Metallurgy YCharacteristics of Metals Y Physical Properties of Metals Y
Sources of Elements Y Occurrence of Metals Y Slags and Fluxes Y Metals and Metalic Character Y Non-Metals Y Metalloids Y Classification of Ores Y
Metallurgy Y Furnaces Y Ore Dressing Y Physical Methods Y Chemical Methods Y Metals and Metallurgy Y Iron and Steel Y Occurrence Y Impurities in
Ores and their Effects Y Commercial Forms of Iron Y Allotropic Forms of Iron Y Properties of Iron Y Effect of Impurities on Properties of Cast Iron Y
Important Points Y Description of Blast Furnace Y Manufacture of Cast Iron or Pig Iron Y Blast Furnace Slag Y Modern Trends in Blast Furnace Practice Y
Properties of Cast Iron Y Varieties or Cast Iron Y Types of Castings Y Heat Treatment of Cast Iron Y Wrought Iron Y Manufacture Y Properties of Wrought
Iron Y Steel Y Manufacture Y Cementation Process Y Crucible process Y Bessember process Y Important Points Y L.D. process Y Open Hearth Process Y
Electric Furnace method Y Reactions Y Duplex process method Y Reactions Y Duplex Process Y Heat Treatment of Steel Y Vacuum Treatment of Steel
Y Classification of Steel Y Mechanical Treatment Y Extrusion Y Wire Drawing Y Steel Ingots and their Defects Y Effect of Impurties on Steel Y Copper Y
Occurrence Y Extraction Y Recovery of Au, Ag etc. from Anode Mud or Slime Y Properties Y Uses Y Alloys of Copper Y Nickel Y Occurrence Y Extraction
Y Extraction of Nickel from Garnierite Y Properties Y Nickel Alloys Y Nickel Plating Y Zinc Y Refining Y Electrolytic Method of Extraction Y Lead from Zinc

Ore Y Properties Y Uses Y Galvanising of Zinc Y Tin Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y Blast Furnace Smelting Y Properties Y Uses Y Tinning Y Tin Plating Y
Lead Y Occurence Y Extraction Y Wet Process for Extraction of Lead Y Properties Y Uses Y Gold Y Occurence Y Preliminary Treatment of Ore :
Extraction of Gold Y Extraction of Mineral Gold Y Refining of Gold Y Electro-refining Y Method Adopted at Kolar Gold Fields Y Purity of Gold Y
Properties of Gold Y Silver Y Occurence Y Extraction Y Refining Y Electrolytic Extraction Y Properties Y Uses Y Silvering of Mirror Y Miscellaneous
Metals : Aluminium Y History Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y Properties Y Uses Y Alloys of Aluminium Y Titanium Y History Y Occurence Y Extraction Y
Properties Y Uses Y Manganese Y Occurrence Y Exraction Y Properteis Y Uses Y Tungsten Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y Properties Y Uses Y
Molybdenum Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y Properties Y Uses Y Vaadium Y Extraction Y Alloys of Vanadium Y Properties Y Uses Y Chromium Y
Occurrence Y Extraction Y Properties Y Uses Y Thorium Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y Properties Y Uses Y Uranium Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y
Properties Y Uses Y Powder Metallurgy Y Advantages of Power Metallurgy Y Disadvantages and Limitations Y Manufacturing Process Y Applications of
Powder Metallurgy Y Advances in Powder Metallurgy Y Alloys Y Purpose of Making Alloys Y Throry of Alloys Y Types of Alloys Y Ferrous Alloys Y Alloys
Steels or Special Steels Y Light Alloys Y Cast Alloys Y Non-ferrous Alloys Y Copper Alloys Y Nickel Alloys Y Nickel Iron Alloys Y Nickel Chromium Alloys Y
Super Alloys Y Lead Alloys Y Bearing Alloys Y Low Melting Alloys Y Type Metal Y Platinoid Y Dye Casting Zinc Alloy Y Foaming and Shearing Alloys Y
Slush Casting Alloys Y Hard Alloys Y Modes of Formation of Alloys Y Preparation of Alloys Y Treatment of Alloys Y Corrosion Y Economic Aspects of
Corrosion Y Types of Corrosion Y Dry or Chemical Corrosion Y Wet or Electrochemical Corrosion Y Chemical Corrosion Y Chemical Corrosion Y Factors
Affection Chemical Corrosion Y Factors Promoting Corrosion Y Theories of Wet Corrosion Y Galvanic Corrosion Y Concentration Cell Corrosion Y
Atmospheric Corrosion Y Open Air Corrosion Y Under Water Corrosion Y Underground Corrosion or Soil Corrosion Y Different Types of Corrosion Y
General or Uniform Corrosion Y Pitting Corrosion Y Inter Granular Corrosion Y Waterline Corrosion Y Stress Corrosion Y Microbiological Corrosion Y
Erosion Corrosion Y Corrosion Fatigue Y Dezincification Y Corrosive Agents Y Corrosion of Boiler Units Y Prevention of Corrosion Y Methods Based on
Treatment of Metals Y Methods Based on Treatment of Medium Y Methods Based on External Influence Y Physical Chemistry Y Structure of Atom Y
Atoms and Molecules Y Dalton’s Atomic Theory Y Fundamental Particles Y The Electron Y Properties of Electron Y Properties of Cathode Rays Y The
Proton Y Properties of Proton Y The Neutron Y Thomson’s Model of Atom Y Discovery of Nucleus Y Rutherford Model of Atom Y Properties of Nucleus Y
Atomic Number and Mass Number Y Atomic Weight and Molecular Weight Y Objections of Rutherford’s Model of Atom Y Corpuscular Nature of Light Y
Electromagnetic Specturm Y Absorption Spectra Y Emission Spectra Y Bohr’s Method of Atom Y How Bohr’s Theory is an Improvement Over
Rutherford’s Model of Atom Y Bohr’s Model of Hydrogen Atom Y Spectral Intensities Y Advantages of Bohr’s Theory Y Limitation of Bohr’s Theory Y
Extension of Bohr’s Theory Y Dual Nature of Light Y Water Nature of Matter Y Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle Y Schrodinger’s Wave Equation Y
Quantum Numbers Y Quantum Numbers for Multi Electron Atoms Y Orbital Diagrams of Some Atoms Y Electron Shells and Subshells Y Bohr Burry
Scheme Y Pauli Exclusion Principle Y Probability Distribution of Electrons Round the Nucleus Y Energies of Atomic Orbitals Y The Aufbau Principle Y nl*
Rule Y Hund’s Rule of Maxium Multiplicity Y Electronic Configuration of Elements Y Periodic Properties Y Atomic Radius Y Ionisation Potential or
Ionisation Energy Y Factors Affecting Ionisation Potential Y Electron Affinity Y Electronegativity Y Periodicity in Electronegativity Y Applications of
Electronegativity Y Some Numerical Problems Y Short Answer Questions Y Chemical Bonding Y Chemical Bond Y Formation of Chemical Bond

55
 Y Electronic Theory of Valency Y Electrovalent or Ionic Bond Y Energy Changes in the Formation of Ionic Bond Y Properties of Ionic Compounds Y Ions
and Atoms Y Lattice Energy and Ionic Crystals Y Crystal Structure of Ionic Compounds Y Variable Electrovalency Y Inert Pair Effect Y Covalent
Compounds Y Characteristics of Covalent Compounds Y Partial Ionic Character of Covalent Bond Y Co-ordinate or Dative Bond Y Characteristics of
Coordinate Compounds Y Exception to the Octet Rule Y Valency Bond Theory of Covalent Bond Y Types of Overlapping Y Hybridisation Y Geometry of
Covalent Molecules and Bond Angles Y The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory Y Variable Covalency Y Molecular Orbital Theory Y
Molecular Orbital Structures of Some Simple Molecules Y Inter Molecular Forces Y Bond Length Y Bond Strength or Bond Energy Y Bond Angle Y
Hydrogen Bonding Y Polarity of Molecules Y Dipole Moment Y Metallic Bond Y Phase Rule Y Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Systems Y Phase Y
Other Examples Y Component Y Degree of Freedom Y Phase Rule Y Advantages of Phase Rule Y Limitations of Phase Rule Y Phase Diagram Y One
Component Systems Y Water System Y Effect of Change of Temperature and Pressure on the Equilibrium Y Two Component Systems Y Solid Liquid
Equilibria Y Simple Eutectic Systems-Binary Alloys Y Lead Silver System Y Sodium Chloride Water System Y Potassium Iodide Water System Y The
Iron-Carbon System Y Chemical Kinetics Y Chemical Kinetics Y Conditions for the Reaction to Occur Y Rate or Reaction Y Order of Reaction Y
Molecularity Y Rate Determining Step Y Difference between Order and Molecularity of Reaction Y First Order Reactions Y Second Order
Reactions Y Third Order Reactions Y Methods of Determining the Order of Reaction Y Complications in the Determination of Order of Reaction
Complex Reactions Y Theory of Reaction Rates Y Factors Influencing the Rate of Reaction Y Arrhenius Equation Y Numerical Problems
Y Colloidal State Y What are Colloids Y Particle Size Y Classification of Colloids Y Difference between Colloidal Solution, True Solution and

Suspension Y Preparation Y Purification Y General Properties Y Stability of Colloidal Solutions Y Interaction between Hydrophobic and
Hydrophilic Colloids Y Coagulation Y Brownian Movement Y Emulsions Y Gels Y Colloidal Electrolytes Y Aerosols Y Importance and
Applications of Colloids Y Electrochemistry Y Electrochemistry Y Conductors and Non Conductors Y Arrhenius Theory of Ionisation Y Strong
and Weak Electrolytes Y Electrolysis or Electrolytic Dissociation Y Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis Y Faraday Y Specific Resistance Y Electrical
Conductivity Y Molecular Conductivity Y Measurement of Conductivity Y Cell Constant Y Effect of Dilution on Conductivity Y Effect of
Temperature and Pressure on Conducivity Y Migration of Ions Y Transport Number Y Measurement of Transport Number Y Abnormal Transport
Number-Effect of Concentration on Transport Number Y Effect of Temperature on Transport Number Y Ostwald Dilution Law Y Debye Huckel
Theory of Strong Electrolytes Y Kohlrausch Law Y Applications of Kohlrausch Law Y Applications of Conductivity Measurements Y Acids and
Bases Y Arrhenius Concept Y Modified Arrhenius Theory Y Bronsted Lowry Concept Y Difference between Arrhenius and Bronsted Lowry
Theory Y Water as Solvent Y Autoprotolysis Y Acid and Base Strength Y Lewis Concept Y pH and Buffer Solutions Y Ionic Product of Water Y
pH Value Y Coulometric Determination of pH Y Common Ion Effect Y Importance of pH Value Y Buffer Solutions Y Buffers in the Body Y
Importance of Buffers Y Solubility Product Y Relation between Solubity and Soluility Product Y Applications of Solubility Product Principle Y
Electrochemical Cells Y Cell and Battery Y Galvanic Cell Y Electrocchemicals Cells Y Reversible and Irreversible Cells Y E.M.F. and its
Measurement Y Standard Cell Y Cell Reaction and EMF Y Relative Tendencies of Electrodes to Liberate Electrons Y Notation and Sign
Conventions Y Role of Salf Bridge Y Standard Electrode Potentials Y Single Electrode Potentials Y E.M.F. of Cells Y Ease of Oxidation and
Reduction Y Displacement of Metals Y Electrochemical Series Y Reaction of Metals with Acids Y Primary Reference Electrode-Standard
Hydrogen Electrode Y Secondary Reference Electrodes Y Potentiometric Determination of pH Y Advantages of Hydrogen Electrode Y
Disadvantages of Hydroge Electrode Y Advantages of Quinhydrogen Electrode Y Disadvantages of Hydrogen Electrode Y Advantages of Glass
Electrode Y Disadvantages of Glass Electrode Y Advantages of Antimony Electrode Y Disadvantages of Antimony Electrode Y Concentration
Cells Y Commercials Cells Y The Leclanche or Dry Cell Y The Lead Accumulator Y Polarisation Y Causes of Polarisation Y Explanation of
Polarisation Y Decomposition Voltage or Decomposition Potential Y Importance and Significane of Decomposition Potential Y Overvoltage Y
Importance of Over Voltage Y Salt Hydrolysis Y Degree of Hydrolysis Y Thermodynamics Y Thermodynamics Y Energy Y Units of Energy Y
Study of Thermodynamics Y System Y Cyclic Process Y State of System Y Properties of System Y Thermodynamic Equilibrium Y Types of
Processess Y Reversible and Irreversible Processes Y Internal Energy Y First Law of Thermodynamics Y Heat Capacity Y Work Done in Isothermal
and Reversible Expansion of an Ideal Gas Y Adiabatic Expansion of Ideal Gas Y Thermochemistry Y Heat of Reaction Y Heat of Reaction at
Constant Volume and Constant Pressure Y Variation of Heat of Reaction with Temperature Kirchoff’s Equation Y Application of Kirchoff's
Equation Y Heat of Combustion Y Heat of Formation Y Heat of Formation and Stability Y Standard Heat of Formation Y Heat of Neutralisation Y
Heat of Solution Y Laws of Thermochemistry Y Bond Energy Y Second Law of Thermodynamics Y Spontaneous Process Y Statement of Second
Law of Thermodynamics Y Entropy Y Significance of Entropy Y Free Energy Y Gibb’s Helmholtz Equation Y Applications Y Free Energy and
Criterion of Chemical Equilibrium Y Clausius Clapeyron Equation Y Solid State Y Solids Y Isotropy and Anisotropy Y Size and Shapes of
Crystals Y Types of Crystals or Solids Y Explanation of Some Metallic Properties Y Limitations of Electron Gas Model Y Difference between
Metallic and Covalent Bond Y X-ray and Internal Structure of Crystals Y Bragg’s Law Y Crystallography Y Structure of Crystals Y The Internal
Structure of Crystals Y Calculation of Ionic Radii Y Radius Ratio in Ionic Crystals Y Atomic Radius of a Cubic Lattice Y Atomic Packing of a Cubic
Lattice Y Interstitial Voids Y Hexagonal and Close Packing Y Liquid Crystals Y Isomorphism and Polymorphism Y Crystal Defects Y Defets in
Stoichiometric Solids Y Defects in Non-stoichiomeric Compounds Y Inorganic Chemistry Y Periodic Classification of Elements Y Periodeic
Classification of Elements Y Main Features of Mendeleev Table Y Defect of Mendeleev Table Y Mosley’s Contribution Y Long from of Periodic Table
Periodic Table Y Periods Y Typical Elements Y Bridge Elements Y Classification of Elements in Terms of s, p, d, f-block Elements Y Characteristics of
s-block Elements Y Characteristics of p-block elements Y Characteristics of d-block Elements Y Characteristics of f-block Elements Y s-Block Elements

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Y Elements of Group IA (Alkali Metals) Y Physical State Y Metallic Character Y Atomic Volume, Atomic Radii and Ionic Radii Y Density Y Melting and
Boiling Points Y Ionisation Energy Y Formation of Univalent Positive Ions and Oxidation States Y Electronegativity Y Photoelectric Effect Y Hydration of
Ions Y Characteristic Flame Colouration Y Standard Oxidation Potential Y Specific Heat Y Lattice Energy Y General Chemical Properties of Alkali Metals
Y Abnormal Behaviour of Lithium Y Extraction of Alkali Metals Y Elements of Group IIA (Alkaline Earth Metals) Y Metallic Character Y Electropositive
Character Y Density Y Melting and Boiling Points Y Atomic Volume, Atomic Radii and Ionic Radii Y Colour and Magnetic Properties Y Oxidation State Y
Ionisation Energies Y Electronegetivity Y Reducing Property Y Hydration Energy Y Flame Colouration Y Heat of Automisation Y Abudance in Nature Y
Properties of Alkaline Earth Metals Y Anomalous Behaviour of Berillium Y Extraction of Alkaline Earth Metals Y p-Block Elements Y III Group Elements
Y General Characteristics of III Group Elements Y Chemical Properties Y Comparison of Boron and Aluminium Y Digonal Relationship of Boron with
Silicon Y Compounds of III A Group Elements Y Boron Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y Properties Y Boron Hydrates or Boranes Y General Properteis of
Boron Hydrides Y Nature of Bonds in Diborane Y Borazine or Borazole YPreparation Y Properties Y Structure Y Elements of Group IV A Y Electronic
Configuration Y General Characteristics of IV Group Elements Y Comparison of Carbon and Silicon Y Compounds of IV A Group Elements Y Silicon Y
Silicanes Y Silica or Silicon Dioxide Y Silicates Y Some Important Silicates Y Classification of Silicates Y Silicones & Siloxanes Y Graphite & Diamond
Y Elements of Group V A Y Electronic Configuration Y General Characteristics Y Compounds of VA Group Elements Y Anomalous Behaviour of Nitrogen
Y Phosphorus Y Allotropic Forms of Phosphorus Y Elements of Group VIA Y General Characteristics Y Compounds of Group VIA Elements Y Abnormal
Behavour of Oxygen Y Elements of Group VIIA Y Electronic Configuration Y General Characteristics of Halogens Y General Chemical Properties of
Halogens Y Abnormal Behaviour of Fluorine Y d-Block Elements (Transition Elements) Y VIII Group Elements Y Transition Elements (d-block
Elements) Y Electronic Configuration Y General Properties of Transition Elements Y Elements of Group IB (Coinage or Noble Metals) Y Comparison of
Group IA (Alkali Metals) and Group IB (Coinage Metal) Y General Properties Y Elements of Group IIB Y Occurrence Y Anomalous Behaviour of Hg Y
Elements of Group Zero Y Rare Inert or Noble Gases Y Electronic Configuration Y Position in the Periodic Table Y Occurrence Y Isolation of Rare
Gases Y Physical Properties Y Uses of Inert Gases Y Compounds of Inert Gases Y Clatherate Compounds Y Co-ordination Compounds Y Complex
Ions and Complex Compunds Y Warner’s Co-ordination Theory Y Ability of Cations to Form Complexes Y Ligands Y Stability of Complexes Y
Preparation of Complex Compounds Y Nomenclature Y Structure of Complex Compounds Y Cationic, Anionic and Neutral Complexes Y Inert and
Labile Complexes Y Ionisation Isomerism Y Linkage Isomerism Y Geometrical Isomerism Y Optical Isomerism Y Hydrate Isomerism Y Co-ordination
Isomerism Y Polymerisation Isomerism Y Salt Isomerism Y Detection of Complex Formation Y Inner and Outer Complexes Y Electronic Structure of
Complex Ions Y Crystal Field Theory Y Stereoisomerism Y Organic Chemistry Y Isomerism Y Isomerism Y Types of Isomerism Y Characteristics of
Tautomeric Change Y Types of Stereoisomerism Y Geometerical Isomerism Y Optical Isomerism Y Conditions for Optical Activity Y Optical Isomerism in
Compounds Containing One Asymmetric Carbon Atom Y Optical Isomerism of Lactic Acid (CH 3CHOHCOOH) Y Optical Isomerism of Compounds
Containing two Similar Asymmetric Carbon Atoms (Diastereoisomerism) Y Optical Isomerism of Tartaric Acid Y Walden Inversions Y Resolution of
Recemic Modifications Y Methods of Resolution Y Recemic Modification or Recemisation Y Conformational Analysis Y Conformation of Alkanes Y
Difference between Conformation and Configuration Y Methods of Representing a Conformation Y Conformation of Ethane Y Electronic Effects Y
Types of Organic Reactions Y Carbon Ion Y Formation of Carbonium Ions Y Types of Carboniumions Y Stability of Carbonium Ions Y Reactions of
Carbonium Ions Y Carbonions Y Formation of Carbonions Y Stability of Carbonions Y Reactions of Carbonions Y Free Radicals Y Stability of Free
Radicals Y Carbenes Y Influence of Electronic and Steric Effects on Reactivity of Organic Molecules Y Inductive Effects Y Acidity and Basicity Y Resonance
Y Resonance Theory Y Important Freatures of Resonance Y Mesomeric Effect Y Electromeric Effect Y Steric Effect Y Hyperconjugation Y Types of
Ragents Y Aromaticity (Aromatic Character) Y How do they Huckel Rule Y Reaction Mechanism Y Types of Reactions Y Substitution or Displacement
Reactions Y Mechanism of Substitution Reactions Y S 1 Mechanism Y Relative Reactivities of Alkalyl Halides Y Alkaline Hydrolysis of Tertiary Butyl
N
Bromide-S 2 Mechanism Y Relative Reactivities of Alkaline of Alkayl Halides Y Difference between S 1 and S 2 Mechanism Y General Mechanism of
N N N
Electrophilic Subsitution Y Mechanism Y Additon Reaction Y Mechanism of Electrophilic Addition Reactions Y Elimination Reactions Y Mechanism of
Elimination Reactions Y Rearrangement Reactions Y Biochemistry of Chlorophyll, Hemoglobin and Vitamin B12 Y Porphyrins Y Chlorophyll Y
Haemoglobin Y Vitamin B12 Y Occurrence Y Isolation Y Absorption and Storage Y Secretion Y Disease Caused by Deficiency Y Requirements Y
Environmental Pollution Y Environmental Pollution Y What is Pollution Y Pollutant Y Classification of Pollutants Y Types of Pollution Y Air
Pollution Y What is Air Pollution Y Composition of Air Y Major Sources of Air Pollution Y Other Sources of Air Pollutants and Particulate Matter Y
Emissions of Major Industrial Air Pollutants Y Occupation Hazards Y Classification and Effect of Air Pollutants Y Gaseous Pollutants Y Effects of Air
Pollution on Weather, Climate and Atmospheric Processes Y Oxides of Nitrogen (NO X ) as Pollutants Y Reaction of NO X in the Atmosphere Y Sources of
NO X Pollution Y Effects of Nitrogen Oxides (NO X ) Y Control of NO X Pollution Y Sulphur Compounds as Pollutants Y Reaction of SO 2 in the
Atmosphere Y Effects of SO 2 Y Effects of Hydrogen Sulphide (H 2S) and Organic Sulphides Y Sources of H 2S Y Control of SO X Pollution Y Reduction of
Concentration of SO 2 Y Oxides of Carbon as Pollutants Y Sources of CO Pollution Y Effect of CO Pollutant Y CO Poisoning Remedies Y Control of CO
Pollution Through Law Y Effects of CO 2 Y Hydrocarbons as Pollutants Y Reactions of Hydrocarbons Y Formation of Photochemical Oxidants Y Effects of
Hydrocarbons Y Control of Hydrocarbons Y Particulate Pollutants Y Fly Ash Y Sources of Particulates Y Physical Methods Involved in Particulate
Formation Y Formation of Inorganic Particulate Matter Y Organic Particulate Matter Y Effects of Particulate Pollutants Y Control of Particuflate Emissions
Y Vehicular Pollution Y Automobile Emissions Y Prevention and Control of Vehicular Pollution Y Other Measures to Control Vehicular Pollution Y
Government Efforts to Control Vehicular Pollution Y Green House Effect Y How the Green House Effect is Produced Y Major Sources of Green House
Gases Y Consequences of Green House Effect Y Control and Remedial Measures of Green House Effect Y Chlorofluorocarbons Y What are
Chloroflotocarbons Y Cause of Ozone Depletion Y Peeling of Ozone Umbrella by Chlorofluoro-carbons Y The Upper Atmosphere Y Formation of Ozone

57
and Mechanism of Ozone Depletion Y Effects of Chlorofluoro Carbons Y Search for Alternative Technology and Substitute Chemicals Y Important Points
Y Ozone Layer-The Earth’s Protective Umbrella Y Creation of Ozone Layer Y Formation of Ozone Y Effects of Ozone Depletion Y Important Points Y
Smog. Y Sulphurous or London Smog Y Photochemical Smog or Los Angles Smog. Y Main Components of Photochemical Smog. Y Chemical Reaction
Involved in Photochemical Smog. Y Reaction of Organic Oxidants with no During Smog Formation Y Effects of Photochemical Oxidants on Humans Y
Effects of Photochemical Oxidants on Plants Y Effects of Photochemical Oxidants on Materials Y Control of Photochemical Pollutants Y Acid Rain Y What
is Acid Rain Y Where does the Acid Come From Y How Acid Rain is Formed Y Theory of Acid Rain Y Adverse Effects of Acid Rains Y Control of Acid Rain
Y Prevention and Control of Air Pollution Y Control of Air Pollution by Fuel Selection and Utiliation Y Control of Air Pollution by Process Modification or
Equipment Y Control of Air Pollution by Site Slection and Zoning Y General Methods of Air Pollution Control Y Zoning Y Air Pollution Control at Sourcen
Y Controlling Air Pollution by Devices Y Air Pollution Control by Stacks Y Air Pollution Control by Planging Trees and Growing Vegetation Y Water
Pollution Y Definitions of Water Pollution Y Types of Water Pollution Y Physical Pollution of Water Y Chemical Pollution of Water Y Biological Pollution
of Water Y Physiological Pollution of Water Y Forms of Water Pollution Y Ground Water Pollution Y Protecting Ground Water from Pollution Y Surface
Water Pollution Y Factors Affecting Surface Water Y Sources of Surface Water Pollution Y Lake Water Pollution Y Sources of Pollutants in Lake Water Y
How Excess Nutrients Can Kill a Lake Y Sources of Pollutants in Lake Y River Water Pollution Y Sea Water Pollution Y What is Marine Pollution Y Effects
of Oil Pollution in Marine Water Y Physical Effects of Oil in Water Y Effects of Oil Pollution on Marine Ecosystem Y Effects of Oil Pollution on Man Y Effects
of Oil Pollution on Birds Y Sources of Water Pollution Y Sewage and Domestic Wastes Y Harmful Effects of Sewage and Domestic Wastes Y Industrial
Effluents Y Harmful Effects of Industrial Pollutants Y Agricultural Discharges Y Fertilizers Y Effects of Fertilizers Y Detergents Y Toxic Metals Y Siltation Y
Thermal Pollutants Y Effects of Thermal Pollution Y Radioactive Materials in Water Y Effects of Radioactive Pollutants Y Classification of Pollution Y
Radioactive Materials in Water Y Effects of Radioactive Pollutants Y Classification of Water Pollutants Y Inorganic Pollutants and Toxic Metals Y Toxic
Metals Y Detrimental Effects of Inorganic Pollutants Y Detrimental Effects of Trace Metals Y Organic Pollutants Y Effects of Organic Pollutants Y
Detrimental Effects of Trace Metals Y Organic Pollutants Y Effects of Organic Pollutants Y Sediments Y Deterimental Effects of Sediments Y Synthetic
Detergents Y Detrimental Effects of Detergents Y Oxygen Demanding Wastes Y Disease Causing Agents Y Effects of Pathogens Y Radioactive Pollutants Y
Effects of Radioactive Pollutants in Water Y Plant nutrients Y Thermal Pollutants in Water Y Effects of Thermal Pollution on Aquatic Ecosystem Y
Biological Pollutants Y Effects of Primary Pollutants Y Effects of Corollary Pollutants Y Pesticide Pollutants Y Effects of Primary Pollutants Y Effects of
Corollary Pollutants Y Pesticide Pollutants Y Sources of Pesticidal Pollutants in Water Y Biodegradation of Pesticides Y Gaseous Pollutants Y Farm Wastes
Y Fertilizers Y Suspended Matters Y Auto-exhaust as Water Pollutant Y Approaches to Prevent and Control Water Pollution Y Water Pollution Control Act
Y For Water Pollution Control Y Soil Pollution Y Sources of Soil Pollution Y Determental Effects of Soil Pollution Y Effects of Industrial Pollutants Y

Effects of Carbon Waste Products Y Effects of Radioactive Pollutants Y Effects of Modern Agro-technology Y Effects of Pesticides Y Diseases Caused by
Soil Pollution Y Control of Soil Pollution Y Remedical Measures for Soil Pollution Y Thermal Pollution Y What is Thermal Pollution ? Y Sources of
Thermal Pollution Y Effects of Thermal Pollution Y Control of Thermal Pollution Y Precautions Taken While Selecting a Site for Thermal Power Station Y
Prevention of Thermal Pollution Y Noise Pollution Y What is Noise ? Y Sources of Noise Pollution Y Characteristics of Sound Y Measurement of Noise
Unit of Sound Y Types of Noise Y Air Pollution and Noise Pollution Y Important Points Y Effects of Noise Pollution Y Prevention and Control of Noise
Pollution Y Noise Pollution Control in India.

819–01 Advanced Engineering Chemistry –Prof. (Dr.) Shradha Sinha, Prof. (Dr.) Sudha Jain

Y Chemical Bonding Y Quantum Theory of Chemical Bonding Y Valence Bond Theory Y Molecular Orbital Theory Y Band Theory of Solids Y
Hydrogen Bonding Y Liquid Crystals & Solids Y Liquid Crystals Y Solids Y Graphite Y Fullerenes Y Polymers and Organometallics Y Polymers Y
Organometallics Y Reaction Mechanism and Organic Reactions Y Applications and Mechanism of Chemical Reactions Y Classification of Reagents
Y Electronic Displacements in Organic Molecules Y Reaction Intermediates Y Types of Organic Reactions Y Elimination Reactions Y Addition

Reactions Y Mechanism of Reactions Y Stereoisomerism Y Optical Isomerism Y Geometrical Isomerism Y Conformation Isomerism Y Cements and
Ceramics Y Cement Y Ceramics or Plaster of Paris Y Corrosion Y Cause of Corrosion Y Types of Corrosion Y Modified Electrochemical Theory of
Corrosion Y Different Forms of Corrosion Y Protection from Corrosion Y Lubricants Y Characteristics of Good Lubricant Y Purposes of the Lubricant Y
Types of Lubricants Y Properties of Lubricants Y Selection of Lubricants Y Water Y Hardness of Water Y Types of Hardness Y Disadvantages of Hard
Water Y Degree of Hardness Y Units of Hardness Y Estimation of Hardness Y Alkalinity Y Boiler Feed Water Y Softening of Water Y Phase Rule Y Phase
Y Component Y Degree of Freedom (or Variance) Y Application of Phase Rule to One-component System Y Applications of Phase Rule Y Advantages of
Phase Rule Y Limitations of Phase Rule Y Fuels Y Classification of Fuel Y Properties of Good Fuel Y Gross and Net Calorific Value Y Coal Y Bio-gas Y
Biomass Y Octane Number Y Cetane Number Y Chemical Kinetics Y Reaction Rate Y Rate Law Y Order of Reaction Y Molecularity Y Pseudo-order
Reactions Y Zero Order Reaction Y First Order Reaction Y Second Order Reaction Y Third Order Reaction Y Collision Theory of Reaction Rate Y
Activation Energy and Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate Y Arrhenius Equation Y Electrochemistry Y Electrode Potential Y Electrochemical Cell
Y Concentration Cell Y Electrochemical Series Y Fuel Cells Y Chromatography Y Classification of Chromatography Method Y Chromatography Terms

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Y Paper Chromatography Y Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Y Column Chromatography Y Instrumentation Y Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy
Y Infrared Spectroscopy Y Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Y Mass Spectroscopy Y Titrimetric Analysis Y Acid-Base Titration or
Neutralisation Reactions or Acidimetry and Alkalimetry Titration Y Oxidation-Reduction Titrations Y Complexometric Titration Y Precipitation Titration.

590–11 (B) Engineering Chemistry (UK) –Dr. R.K. Agarwal

Section A: Y Chemical Bonding Y Ionic or Electrovalent Bond Y Covalent Bond Y Coordinate Bond Y Molecular Orbital Theory Y Theories of Bonding
in Metals Y Hydrogen Bonding Y Hybridization Y States of Matter Y Types of Solids Y Types of Symmetry in Cubic Crystals Y Types of Unit Cells Y
Structures of Simple Ionic Compounds Y Bragg's Equation Y Diamond Y Graphite Y Fullerenes Y Liquid Crystaline State Y Structural Concepts of
Organics Y Electronic Effect Y Homolytic and Heterolytic Bond Fission Y Type of Reagents Y Reaction Intermediates Y Types of Organic Reactions Y Name
Reactions Y Mechanistic Concepts of Organics Y Structural Isomerism Y Stereoisomerism Y Optical Isomerism Y GeometricaI Isomerism Y
Conformational Isomerism Y Reaction Kinetics Y Rate of Reaction Y Rate Equation (Rate Law) Y Factors Affecting the Rate of a Reaction Y Order of
Reaction Y Molecularity of a Reaction Y Collision Theory (Energy and Orientation Barriers to Reactions) Y Concept of Activation Energy Y Arrhenius
Equation Y Electrochemistry Y Conductance Y Transport No Y Kohlrausch’s Law Y pH and Buffer Solutions Y pH Value Y Buffer Solution Y Solubility
Product Y Redox Reactions Y Electrode Potential Y Standard Electrode Potential (E°) Y Standard EMF of a Cell (E° Cell) Y Electro-Chemical Series Y
Electrochemical Cells Y Concentration Cells Y Liquid Junction Potential Y The Distribution Law Y Nernst Distribution Law Y Applications of Distribution
Law Y Corrosion Y Types of Corrosion Y Passivity Y Different Forms of Corrosion Y Prevention of Corrosion or Corrosion Control Y Water Y Sources of
Water Y Hardness of Water Y Estimation of Hardness Y Boiler Feed Waters Y Scale and Sludge Formation in Boilers Y Caustic Embrittlement Y Boiler
Corrosion Y Priming and Foaming Y Desalination of Brackish Water Y Treatment of Water Y Polymers and Organometallics Y Nomenclature Y
Characteristics Y Classification of Polymers Y Types of Polymerisation Y Mechanism of Addition Polymerisation Y Types of Polymerization Techniques Y
Some Important Polymers Y Molecular Weight of Polymers Y Ion Exchange Resins Y Conductive Polymers Y Biodegradable Polymers Y Types of Glasses Y
Refractories Y Nano Composites Y Protective Coatings Y Alloys Y Organometallic Compounds Y Fuels Y Characteristics of a Good Fuel Y Classification of
Fuels Y Coal Y Bio-gas Y Bio-mass Y Solar Energy Y Calorific Value of a Fuel Y Gross and Net Calorific Value Y Determination of Calorific Value Using
Bomb Calorimeter Y Esterification Y Transesterification Y Introduction of Lubricants Y Classification of Lubricant Y Biolubricant Y Flash and Fire Point Y
Pour Point Y Cloud Point Y Aniline Point Y Viscosity Index Y Titrimetric Analysis Y Standard Solutions Y Equivalents, Normalities and Oxidation
Numbers Y Acid Base Titrations and Indicators Y Redox Titrations and Indicators Y Complexation Titrations and Indicators Y Metal ion Indicators Y
Instrumentation Y Spectroscopy Y Electromagnetic Radiation Y Classification of Spectra Y Spectrophotometer Y Infrared Spectroscopy Y Ultraviolet
Spectroscopy Y Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, Section B: Y Practicals Y Appendix.

Chemistry for Pharmacy Students

299–03 Environment and Ecology (B.P.) –R.K. Agarwal & V.K. Sangal

Y Environmental Studies Y Definition Y Scope Y Importance Y Need for Public Awareness Y Nat u ral Re sources Y Classification Y Natural
Resources and Associated Problem Y Forest Resources Y Water Resources Y Mineral Resources Y Food Resorces Y Energy Resources Y Land
Resources Y Equitable Use of Resources for in Stainable Life Cycle Y Role of an Individual in conservation of Resources Y Ecosystem Y Concept
of an Ecosystem Y Structure and Function an Ecosystem Y Producers, Consumers and Decomposers Y Biogeochemical Cycles Y Types of
Ecosystem Y Forest Ecosystem Y Grassland Ecosystem Y Desert Ecosystem Y Aquatic Ecosystem Y Biodiversity Y Definitions Y
Biogeographical Classification of India Y Economiucal Role of Biodicersity/Value of Biodiversity Y Global Biodiversity Y Biodiversity at National Level Y
Regional or Local Biodiversity Y India as a Mega-Diversity Nation Y Hot-Spots of Biodiversity Y Threats to Biodiversity Y Reasons for Exinction of
Biodiversity Y Endangered Species of India Y Endemic Species of India Y Conservation of Biodiversity Y Conservation Methods Y Environmental
Pollution Y Definition Y Types of Pollution Y Air Pollution Y Water Pollution Y Soil Pollution Y Marine Pollution Y Noise Pollution Y Thermal Pollution Y
Nuclear Hazards Y Solid Waste Y Role of an Individual in Prevention of Pollution Y Pollution Case Studies Y Law Related to Environmental
Protection Y Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Y Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 Y The Environmental Act
Y Environment (Protection) Act 1986 Y The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 Y Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling),
Rules, 1989 Y The Hazardous Micro-organisms rules Y Biomedical Waste Rules, 1988.

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 656–01 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II –Dr. M.P. Saluja

Section A: Y Structure of the Atom Y Electronic Theory of Valency Y Inductive Effect Y Resonance or Mesomerism Y Hydrogen Bond Y Atomic
Orbitals Y Molecular Orbitals Y Intermolecular Forces Y Bond Dissociation Energy Y Polarity of Bonds Y Polarity of Molecules Y Structure and Physical
Properties Y Classification of Organic Compounds Y Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Y Isomerism Y Types of Isomerism Y Specification of
Configuration Y Stereospecific and Stereoselective Reactions Y Alkanes Y Dienes Y Alkynes Y Cycloalkanes Y Alkyl Halides Y Alcohols Y Aromatic
Compounds Y Nomenclature of Aromatic Y Structure of Benzene Y Methods of Formation of Benzene Y Physical Properties of Benzene Y Chemical
Reactions of Benzene Y Aromaticity (Aromatic Character) Y Orientation of Aromatic Substitution Y Activity Effect Y Theory of Orientation Y Arenes Y
Xylenes Y Amines (Aliphatic) Y Aromatic Amines Y Phenols Y Aryl Halides Y Aldehydes and Ketones Y Nomenclature Y Structure of Carbonyl Group
Y General Methods of Preparation Y Physical Properties Y Chemical Properties Y Aromatic Aldehydes Y Aromatic Ketones Y Carboxylic Acids Y Organo
Metallic Compounds Y Malonic Ester Syntheses Y Aceto Acetic Ester (Ethyl Aceto Acetate) Syntheses Y α : β Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Y
Electrocyclic Reactions Y Sigmatropic Reactions Y Neighbouring Group Effect Y Catalysis by Transition Metal Complexes Y
Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction Y Oppenauer Oxidation Y Beckmann Rearrangement Y The Hofmann Rearrangement (Hofmann
Degradation of Amides) Y Mannich Reaction Y The Diels-Alder Reaction Y Michael Reaction (Michael Addition or Michael Condensation) Y Reformatsky
Reaction Y Knoevenagel Reaction Y Cannizzaro Reaction Y Aldol Condensation Y Benzoin Condensation Y Section B : Y Practicals Y Appendix.

575–02 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (Organic Chemistry-II) –Dr. R.K. Agarwal, Dr. Kiran Bajaj

Y α, β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Y Preparation Y Active Methylene Compounds Y Malonic Ester or Ethyl Malonate, H 2C(COOC2H 5)2
Y Acetoacetic Ester: Ethylacetoacetate (EAA) CH3 COCH2 COOC2 H5 ) Y Polynuclear Hydrocarbons Y Naphthalene Y Anthracene Y

Phenanthrene Y Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons And Carcinogensis Y Structure Activity Relation of Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons Y Heterocyclic
Compounds Y Classification and Nomenclature Y Pyrrole Y Furan or Furfuran Y Thiophene Y Pyrazoles Y Imidazole Y Thiazole Y Indole Y
Benzimidazole Y Phenothiazines Y Pyridine (C5H 5N) Y Pyrimidine Y Name Reactions Y Merwin-Pondorff, Verley Reduction Y Oppenauer Oxidation
Y Beckmann Rearrangement Y Mannich Reaction Y Diel's Alder Reaction Y Michael Reaction Y Reformatsky Reaction Y Knoevenagel Reaction Y
Benzoin Condensation Y Carbohydrates Y Classification Y Monosaccharides Y Fructose (Laevulose) C6 H12 O6 Y Sucrose (cane sugar or Beet sugar)
C12 H22 O11 Y Actose (Milk Sugar) C12 H22 O11 Y Maltose (Malt Sugar) C12 H22 O11 Y Starch (Amylum) (C6 H10 O5 )n Y Amino Acids and Proteins
Y Amino Acids Y Nomenclature Y Synthesis of Amino Acid Y Physical Properties Y Chemical Properties Y Peptides Y Proteins Y Conjugated Protein Y
Properties Y Analysis or Testiong of Proteins Y Structure of Proteins Y Nucleic Acid Y Structure Y Fixed and Volatile Oil Y Waxes Y Polymers and
Polymerization Y Characteristics Y Classification of Polymers Y Mechanism of Addition Polymerization Y Co-ordination Polymerization or Ziegler Natta
Polymerization Y Condensation Polymerisation Y Some Important Polymers.

570–01 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VI (Medicinal Chemistry-II) –Anu Chaudhary

Y Principles of Drug Design Y Traditional Analogues Y Introduction to QSAR Y Mechanism-Based Approaches Y Computer Aided Drug Design
(CADD) Y Molecular Modelling Y Anti-Arrhythmic Agents Y Classification Y Examples of Anti-arrhythmic Drugs Y Anti-anginal Agents and
Vasodilators Y Classification Y Anti-hypertensives Agents Y Classification Y Anticoagulants Y Anticoagulants Y Classification of Anticoagulants
Y Cardiotonic Agents Y Classification Y Anti-hyperlipidemic Agents Y Hyprocholesteromic Drugs Y Classification Y Antihistaminics Agents (H

1 & H 2 Antagonists) Y Classification Y Anti-neoplastic Agents Y Classification of Anti-neoplastic Agents Y Alkylating Agents Y Anti-Metabolites Y
Natural Products (Plant Products) Y Antitumour Antibiotics Y Hormones Y Miscellaneous Drugs Y Immuno Therapy Y Analgesics & Anti-pyretics Y
Salicylic Acid Analogues Y Aniline and p-aminophenol Analogues Y Arylalkanoic Acid Derivatives Y Pyrazolone and Pyrazolidinediones Y
N-Arylanthranilic Acid Analogues (Fenamates) Y Antibacterials (Sulphonamides) Y Nomenclature Y Classification of Sulphonamides Y Mechanism
of Action Y General Method of Synthesis Y Uses of Sulphonamides Y Adverse Effects of Sulphonamides Y Examples of Sulpha Drugs Y Structure Activity
Relationship (SAR) of Sulphonamides Y Trimethoprim-Sulphonamide Combination Y Nalidixic Acid (Urinary-Tract antiseptic) Y Diuretics Y Osmotic
Diuretics Y Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) Inhibitors: (Site-1 Diuretics) Y Thiazide and Thiazide like Diuretics (Site-III Diuretics) Y High-Ceiling or Loop
Diuretics Y Potassium Sparing (Anti-Kaliuretic) Agents Y Mercurial Diuretics Y Xanthine Diuretics Y Diagnostic Aids Y Radiopaque Agents
(Radiographic Contrast Media) Y Diagnostic Chemicals Y Diagnostic Drugs.

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 579–02 Pharmaceutical Analysis-I –Nitin Sharma, Anjana Sharma

Y Introduction of Quantitative Analysis Y Quantitative vs. Qualitative Y Significance if Quantitative Analysis Y Different Techniques of Analysis Y
Preliminary and Definitions Y Errors Y Accuracy and Precision Y Significance Figures Y Rule for Measurement of Significant Figures Y Fundamental of
Volumetric Analysis Y Methods for Expressing Concentration Y Primary and Secondary Standard Y Acid Base Titrations Y Acid Base Concepts Y Role
of Solvent Y Strength of Acid and Base Y Law of Mass Action Y Common Ion Effect Y Solubility Product Y Ionic Product of Water Y pH Value Y Salt
Hydrolysis Y Hydrolysis Constant and Degree of hydrolysis Y Pharmaceutical Application of Salt Hydrolysis Y Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Y Buffer
Solution Y Buffer Capacity Y Neutralization Curve Y Acid Base Indicator Y Theory of Indicators Y Theory of Indicators Y Mixed Idnicators Y Universal
Indicator Y Polyprotic System Y Oxidation Reduction Titration Y Redox Reaction Y Strength of Redox Reaction Y Theory of Redox Titration Y Redox
Indicator Y Oxidation Reduction Curves Y Iodimetry and Ipdpmetry Y Titration Involving Ceric Sulphate Y Titration Involving Potassium Iodate Y
Titration Involving Potassium Bromate Y Titration Involving Potassium Permangante Y Precipitation Titrations Y Principle of Precipitation Titration Y
Solubility Product Y Factors Affecting Solubility of Precipitate Y Argenotometric Titration Y Titration Involving Mercuric Nitrate or Mircurometric Titration
Y Gravimetry Analysis Y Apparatus Y Conditions for Precipitations Y Organic Precipitants Y Some Important Organic Precipitants Y Estimation of

Barium Sulphate Y Estimation of Calcium as Calcium Oxilate.

Chemistry for Polytechnic Students

681-04 Applied Chemistry –Anita Dhawan

[Hindi Edition Also Available]

Y Atomic Structure Y Basic Concept of Atomic Structure Y Dalton's Atomic Theory Y Cathode Rays & Discovery of Electron Y Anode Rays and
Discovery of Proton Y Discovery of Neutron Y Atomic Models Y Rutherford's Gold Foil Scattering Experiment Y Rutherford's Model of the Atom Y Bohr's
Model of the Atom Y Atomic Number (Z) Y Mass Number or Atomic Mass(A) Y Isotopes Y Arrangement of Electrons in an Atom (Bohr-Bury Scheme)
Y Planck's Quantum Theory Y Dual Nature of Matter Y Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle Y Modern Concept of Arrangement of Electrons or Quantum
Mechanical Model of Atom or Orbital Concept Y Quantum Numbers Y Filling of Orbitals in Atoms Y Aufbau Principle Y Pauli's Exclusion Principle
Y Hund's Rule of Maximum Multiplicity Y Electronic Configurations of Some Atoms Y Exceptional Configuration of Chromium and Copper
Y Schrodinger Wave Equation Y Chemical Bonding Y Inertness of Noble Gases Y Valency Y Types of Chemical Bonds Y Electronegativity and Polar
Covalent Bond Y Coordinate Bond (or Dative or Semipolar Bond) Y Hydrogen Bonding Y Metallic Bond (Electron Sea Theory) Y Bonding Parameters
Y Overlapping of Atomic Orbitals (Sigma & Pi Bonds) Y Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR Theory) or Shapes (Geometry) of
Molecules Y Hybridization Y Modern Theories of Valency Y Bonding in Some Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules Y Crystal Field Theory Y
Classification of Elements Y Dobereiner's Law of Triads Y Newland's Law of Octaves Y Lothar Meyer's Atomic Volume Curve Y Mendeleev's Periodic
Law & Periodic Table Y Mendeleev's Modern Periodic Table Y Modern Classification of Elements or Long Form of Periodic Table Y Division of Long
Form of Periodic Table into Blocks or s, p, d and f Blocks in Periodic Table Y Periodic Properties of Elements Y Born-Haber Cycle Y Electrochemistry I
Y Conductors & Non-Conductors Y Electrolysis (or Electrolytic Dissociation or Ionisation) Y Arrhenius Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation Y Factors
Affecting the Degree of Ionisation Y Evidences in Favour of Arrhenius Theory Y Explanation of Electrolysis Y Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis Y Transport
Number (Hittorf Number) Y Determination of Transport Number Y Ostwald's Dilution Law Y Electrolytic Conductance Y Specific Conductance Y
Equivalent Conductance Y Molar Conductance Y Concept of Acids and Bases Y Relative Strength of Acids and Bases Y pH Scale Y Buffer Solution Y
Indicators Y Solubility Product Y Common Ion Effect Y Redox Reactions Y Electrode Potential Y Nernst Equation Y Electrolytic Cell & Electrochemical
Cell Y Equilibrium Constant From Nernst Equation Y Electromotive Force (EMF) of Electrochemical Cell Y EMF of a Cell & Free Energy Change
Y Electrochemical Series Y Corrosion Y Types of Corrosion Y Factors Affecting the Corrosion Rate Y Galvanic Series Y Theories of Corrosion Y Galvanic
Corrosion (Bimetallic Corrosion) Y Concentration Cell Corrosion Y Pitting Corrosion Y Oxide Film Formation and Its Characteristics Y Tarnishing
Y Fogging Y Rusting Y Prevention of Corrosion By Various Methods Y Chemical Kinetics Y Slow and Fast Reactions Y Rate of Reaction Y Rate
Constant Y Rate Law or Rate Equation Y Law of Mass Action Y Law of Chemical Equilibrium Y Collision Theory of Reaction Rates Y Molecularity of
Reaction Y Order of Reaction Y Catalysis Y Types of Catalysis on the Basis of Physical State Y Types of Catalysis on the Basis of Catalytic Action Y
Catalytic Promoters and Poisons Y Characteristics of Catalytic Reactions Y Theories of Catalysis Y Applications of Catalysts Y Enzymes (Biochemical
Catalysts) Y Solid State Y Types of Solids Y Classification of Crystalline Solids Y Crystal Structure Y Packing in Metallic Crystals Y Voids (or Holes or
Interstices) in Close Packed Structures Y Crystal Imperfection Y Band Theory of Solids Y Fuels Y Classification of Fuels Y Characteristics of Good Fuel Y
Calorific Value Y Determination of Calorific Value of Fuel by Bomb Calorimeter Y Liquid Fuels Y Knocking and Anti-knocking Agents Y Octane Number
Y Cetane Number Y Cracking Y Gasoline from Hydrogenation of Coal or Synthetic Petrol Y Gaseous Fuels Y Water Treatment Y Determination of
Hardness of Water Y Disadvantages of Hard Water Y Scale and Sludge Formation in Boilers Y Boiler Corrosion Y Caustic Embrittlement Y Priming and
Foaming in Boilers Y Water Softening Y Potable Water Y Disinfection of Water Y Industrial Waste and Sewage Y Municipality Water Treatment Y

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Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Y Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)Y Sewage and Waste Water Treatment Y Colloidal State of Matter Y
Classification of Solutions on the Basis of Particle Size Y Dispersed Phase and Dispersion Medium Y Classification of Colloids Y Preparation of Colloids Y
Purification of Colloidal Sols Y Properties of Colloidal Solutions Y Protective Colloids Y Emulsions Y Applications of Colloids in Industries Y Lubricants
Y Necessity of Lubricants (Functions of Lubricants) Y Properties of Lubricants Y Characteristics of a Good Lubricant Y Mechanism of Action of Lubricants
Y Functions of Lubricants in Bearings Y Classification of Lubricants Y Synthetic Lubricants Y Cutting Fluids Y Purification of Petroleum Lubricating Oils Y
Importance of Additive Compounds in Lubricants Y Industrial Applications of Lubricants Y Hydrocarbons Y Carbon Forms a Large Number of Organic
Compounds Y Characteristics of Organic Compounds Y Sources of Organic Compounds Y Importance of Organic Compounds Y Classification of
Organic Compounds Y Functional Groups Y Homologous Series Y Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Y Ethane (C2H 6) Y Ethene (C2H 4) Y Ethyne
(C2H 4) (Common name = Acetylene) Y Benzene (C6H 6) Y Toluene (C7 H 8) Y Organic Reactions and Mechanism Y Classification of Reagents Y
Cleavage of Covalent Bonds Y Reaction Intermediates Y Electron Displacement Effect Y Types or Organic Reactions Y Mechanism of Addition Reactions
Y Mechanism of Substitution Reactions Y Mechanism of Elimination Reactions Y Polymers Y Degree of Polymerisation Y Average Molecular Mass of
Polymers Y Classification of Polymers Y Mechanism of Free Radical Polymerisation Y Addition Polymers & their Industrial Applications Y Condensation
Polymers and their Industrial Applications Y General Concept of Biopolymers Y Biodegradable Polymers Y Inorganic Polymers (Silicones) Y Synthetic
Materials Y Soaps and Detergents Y Synthetic Detergents Y Explosives Y Paint and Varnish Y Practical Section.

684-01 Applied Chemistry Vol.-I (U.K.) –Anita Dhawan

[Hindi Edition Also Available]

Section A : Y Basic Concepts Y Matter Y Element Y Compound Y Mixture Y Atom Y Molecule Y Valency Y How to Write the Formula of a
Compound ? Y Atomic Mass Y Molecular Mass Y Percentage Composition of Compounds or Mass Percentage of an Element Y Empirical Formula Y
Chemical Equations Y Balancing of Chemical Equations Y How to Make an Equation More Informative? Y Atomic Structure and Chemical
Bonding Y Atomic Structure Y Classification of Elements Y Valency Y Water Y Determination of Hardness of Water Y Disadvantages of Hard Water Y
Scale and Sludge Formation in Boilers Y Boiler Corrosion Y Caustic Embrittlement Y Priming and Foaming in Boilers Y Water Softening Y Potable
Water Y Disinfection of Water Y Industrial Waste and Sewage Y Municipality Water Treatment Y Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Y Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD) Y Sewage and Waste Water Treatment Y Solutions Y Concept of Acids and Base Y Equivalent Weight Y Gram Equivalent
Weight Y Mole Concept Y Strength of a Solution Y Ionic Product of Water Y pH Scale Y Electrolysis Y Conductors & Non-Conductors Y Electrolysis
(or Electrolytic Dissociation or Ionisation) Y Arrhenius Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation Y Factors Affecting the Degree of Ionisation Y Evidences in
Favour of Arrhenius Theory Y Explanation of Electrolysis Y Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis Y Ostwald's Dilution Law Y Buffer Solution Y Indicators Y
Solubility Product Y Common Ion Effect Y Applications of Solubility Product and Common Ion Effect Y Applications of Electrolysis Y Environmental
Chemistry Y Environmental PollutionY Classification of Pollutants Y Air Pollution Y Types of Air Pollutants Y Acid Rain Y Greenhouse Effect and
Global Warming Y Ozone Layer Y Water Pollution Y Determination of Dissolved Oxygen in Water Y Soil Pollution or Land Pol lution Y Environment
and Sustainable Development Section B : Y Practical Section.

Section A : Y Metallurgy Y Metals & Non-metals Y Occurrence of Metals Y Minerals & Ores Y Metallurgy Y Furnaces Y Aluminium Y Extraction of
Aluminium Y Properties of Aluminium Y Iron Y Cast Iron Y Wrought Iron Y Steel Y Alloys Y Fuels Y Classification of Fuels Y Characteristics of Good Fuel
Y Calorific Value Y Determination of Calorific Value of Fuel by Bomb Calorimeter Y Liquid Fuels Y Knocking & Anti-knocking Agents Y Octane Number
Y Cetane Number Y Cracking Y Gasoline from Hydrogenation of Coal or Synthetic petrol Y Gaseous Fuels Y Corrosion Y Types of Corrosion Y Factors
Affecting the Corrosion Rate Y Galvanic Series Y Theories of Corrosion Y Galvanic Corrosion (Bimetallic Corrosion) Y Concentration Cell Corrosion
Y Pitting Corrosion Y Oxide Film Formation & its Characteristic Y Tarnishing Y Fogging Y Rusting Y Prevention of Corrosion By Various Methods
YLubricants Y Necessity of Lubricants (Functions of Lubricants) Y Properties of Lubricants Y Characteristics of a Good Lubricant Y Mechanism of Action
of Lubricants Y Functions of Lubricants in Bearings Y Classification of Lubricants Y Synthetic Lubricants Y Cutting Fluids Y Purification of Petroleum
Lubricating Oils Y Importance of Additive Compounds in Lubricants Y Industrial Applications of Lubricants Y Cement & Glass Y Portland Cement :
Introduction Y Composition of Portland Cement Y Manufacture of Portland Cement Y Setting & Hardening of Cement Y Mortar & Concrete Y Glass
Y Manufacture of Glass Y Classification & Uses of Different Glasses Y Industrial Applications of Glass Y Classification & Nomenclature of Organic
Compounds Y Carbon Forms a Large Number of Organic Compounds Y Characteristics of Organic Compounds Y Sources of Organic Compounds
Y Importance of Organic Compounds Y Classification of Organic Compounds Y Functional Groups Y Homologous Series Y Nomenclature of Organic
Compounds Section B : Y Practical Section.
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