EFFECT OF OUTRIGGER SYSTEM IN A MULTI-STORIED IRREGULAR

BUILDING
ANJU AKBAR1 AND SADIC AZEEZ2
1,2
Civil Engineering Department, AL-AZHAR, Thodupuzha
Abstract- Structural system in structural engineering refers to lateral load-resisting system of a
structure. Nowadays in multi-storied buildings the lateral loads is often resisted by outrigger systems.
An outrigger is a stiff beam that connects the shear wall with exterior column and it reduce the lateral
load and overturning moment by resisting the rotation of the core. This paper presents the result of
investigation based on displacement, drift and overturning moment reduction in an irregular 40
storied building with outrigger system through the response spectrum analysis using ETABS
software.
Keywords- Irregular multi-storied building, lateral loads, Outrigger systems, Response spectrum
analysis, ETABS software
I. INTRODUCTION
The development of tall buildings has increased rapidly nowadays. Populations from rural
areas are migrating day by day to cities due to the increase in job facilities. Thus cities become
densely populated and cost of land also increases which leads to the use of multi-storied building [2].
As the height of the building increases the effect of lateral loads on multi-storied building increases.
Stiffness of building is also of great consideration when the height of the building increases. There
are numerous structural lateral systems used in high-rise building design such as shear frames, shear
trusses, frames with shear core, framed tubes, trussed tubes, super frames etc. However, the
outriggers and belt trusses system is the one providing significant drift control.
Outriggers systems are rigid horizontal structures designed to improve building‟s stability and
strength by connecting the building core to distant columns, much in a way of an outrigger prevent a
canoe from over turning. Outrigger systems function by tying together two structural systems,
typically core system and a perimeter system to yield whole building structural behaviors that are
much better than those of the component systems[2]. The benefits of an outrigger system lies in the
fact that building deformation resulting from the overturning moments get reduced, on the other hand
greater efficiency is achieved in resisting forces.
The analysis and design of complete core and outrigger system is not that simple.
Distribution of forces between the core and outrigger system depends on relative stiffness of each
element. One cannot arbitrarily assign overturning forces to the core and outrigger columns.
However it is certain that bringing perimeter structural elements together with the core as one lateral
load resisting system will reduce core overturning moment. Belts such as trusses or walls encircling
the building add further complexity. Belts can improve lateral system efficiency. Thus the use of belt
truss along with outrigger system increases the efficiency of the entire system [18].

Fig. 1 Multi-level belt truss and outrigger [20]

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Volume 03, Issue 07, [July– 2016] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

1.1 BENEFITS OF OUTRIGGER SYSTEMS

1.1.1 Deformation reduction
In a building with central core braced frame or shear wall, an outrigger system engages
perimeter columns to efficiently reduce building deformations from overturning moments and the
resulting lateral displacements at upper floors. A tall building structure which incorporates an
outrigger system can experience a reduction in core overturning moments [18].
1.1.2 Efficiency
For systems with belt trusses that engage all perimeter columns, columns already sized for
loads may be capable of resisting outrigger forces with minimal changes in size or reinforcement, as
different load factors applied to design combination with or without lateral loads. Outrigger may also
permit optimization of the overall building system. By significantly decreasing the fraction of
building overturning moment that must be resisted by the core, wall, or column material quantities in
the core can be reduced while outrigger, perimeter belt, and column quantities are increased by small
amount. Lower limits on core required strength and stiffness may be defined by story shears resisted
by the core alone between outrigger levels [18].
1.1.3 Foundation forces
A separate but related advantage is force reduction at core foundation. Outrigger system help
to effectively distribute overturning loads on foundations. Even when a foundation mat is extended
over the full tower footprint, a core-only lateral system applying large local forces from overturning
can generate such large mat shear and flexural demands, as well as net tension in piles or loss of
bearing, that the design becomes uneconomical or impractical [18].
II. MODELING AND ANALYSIS
For the present study a three dimensional 40 storey building with core shear walls is taken
[5]. All wall piers are identical with a uniform wall thickness 200 mm over the entire height. For belt
truss and outrigger bracing ISMB 150 is used and all other beams are 200mm wide and 600mm deep,
columns are 750mm wide and 750mm deep, grade 30 concrete is used throughout the height of the
building and storey to storey height is 3m. Shear wall thickness is considered as 200mm. The method
of analysis of the above mentioned system is based up on the assumption that the outriggers are
rigidly attached to the core, the core is rigidly attached to the foundation. The sectional properties of
the core, beams, and columns are uniform throughout the height and material behavior is linear
elastic range. Multiple outrigger system is used here. One outrigger is given at the top, one at the
bottom and the other at the ¾ th height of the building. The outrigger beams are flexurally rigid and
induce axial forces in the columns [5].

Fig. 2 Plan of the building.

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Volume 03, Issue 07, [July– 2016] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161
The lateral resistance is provided only by the bending resistance of the core and the tie down
action of the exterior columns connected to the outrigger. The rotation of the core due to the shear
deformation is negligible. Since the building is considered as residential building, live load is
considered as 4 kN/m². A floor load of 1 kN/m² is applied on all slab panels on all the floor finishes
and the other things. A member load as u.d.l of 13.2 kN/m is considered on all beams for the wall
load wind load in this study is established in accordance with IS 875(part 3-wind loads). Earthquake
load in this study is established in accordance with IS 1893 (part 1)-2002.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Response spectrum analysis
3.1.1 Maximum storey displacement
Table 1 comparison of storey displacement with and without outrigger.
Story Displacement m Displacement m
no. (With (Without
outrigger) outrigger)
1 0.01 0.02
20 0.31 0.43
(y-direction) (y-direction)
0.67 0.89
(x-direction) (x-direction)
40 0.58 0.77
(y-direction) (y-direction)
1.04 1.61
(x-direction) (x-direction)

Fig. 3 displacement diagram with outrigger system by the effect of wind. (Red line represents value in y-direction and
blue line in x-direction)

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Fig. 4 displacement diagram without outrigger system by the effect of wind.

3.1.2 Maximum overturning moment
Table 2 comparison of storey overturning moment with and without outrigger
Story Overturning Overturning
no. moment moment kNm
kNm(with (without
outrigger) outrigger)

1 284016.06 284480.03
20 8236.943 8520.512
40 732.678 789.35

Fig. 5 overturning moment diagram with outrigger system by the effect of wind

Fig. 6 overturning moment diagram without outrigger system by the effect of wind.

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Volume 03, Issue 07, [July– 2016] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

3.1.3 Maximum storey drift

Table 3 comparison of storey drift with and without outrigger
Story no. Story drift m Story drift m
(with (without
outrigger) outrigger)
1 0.0010371 0.0014070

20 0.0051855 0.0075978
(y-direction) (y-direction)
0.0108896 0.0160397
(x-direction) (x-direction)

40 0.0030959 0.0077783
(y-direction) (y-direction)
0.0077783 0.0089578
(x-direction) (x-direction)

Fig. 7 story drift diagram with outrigger system by the effect of wind

Fig. 8 story drift diagram without outrigger system by the effect of wind.

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Volume 03, Issue 07, [July– 2016] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

3.1.4 Story shear

Table 4 comparison of storey shear with and without outrigger
Story no. Story shear Story shear
kN (with kN (without
outrigger) outrigger)
1 4297.02 4330.98
20 2534.79 2636.69
40 257.28 305.16

Fig.9 story shear diagram with outrigger system by the effect of wind.

IV. CONCLUSIONS
This study shows the overall behavior of irregular building under lateral loads with a multiple
outrigger system with outriggers at top, bottom, and ¾ th of the building and the results were
compared with the same building without outrigger system. The following conclusion can be drawn
from the above results.
 The lateral displacement for irregular buildings with multiple outrigger system with belt truss has
significant reduction in its value compared to the building without outrigger system. It has 50%
reduction for displacement is there on storey 1, 27.9% reduction at storey 20 and 35.4%
reduction at storey 40.
 The story drift of the irregular building get reduced by the presence of multiple outrigger system.
The presence of belt truss also influences the story drift of the building. It has 26.69% reduction
at storey 1, 32.11% reduction at storey 20 and 51.25% reduction at storey 40.
 The over turning moment and story shear of the irregular building with multiple outrigger system
also has significant reduction in its value compared with building without outrigger system,
which improves the stiffness and stability of the building.
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