WACHEMO UNIVERSITY

DURAME CAMPUS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

COURSE TITLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
NAME: : ZINET YIMAM
ID NO: 1665

Submitted to :Mr Muzemil

Submitted date: 19/06/2016 E.C.
1.Give and Explain the components of Knowledge-Based System (KBS)?

The Knowledge-Based System (KBS) is an artificial intelligence system that utilizes a

knowledge base to provide expert advice or solve problems in a specific domain.

Components of KBS
Knowledge Base:
 The knowledge base is the central component of a KBS.
 It stores domain-specific information, facts, rules, and heuristics that represent the
expertise of human experts.
 The knowledge base can be organized in various ways, such as a collection of rules, a
database, or an ontology.
 It is the foundation upon which the KBS operates and provides the necessary
information for making decisions or providing recommendations.

Inference Engine:
 The inference engine is responsible for reasoning and making logical deductions based on
the knowledge stored in the knowledge base.
 It applies inference rules and algorithms to process the input data and arrive at
conclusions.
 The inference engine can use techniques such as forward chaining (data-driven
reasoning) or backward chaining (goal-driven reasoning) to derive new knowledge or
answer queries.

User Interface:
 he user interface allows users to interact with the KBS.
 It provides a means for users to input their queries or problems and receive responses or
solutions from the system.
 The interface can be text-based, graphical, or even voice-based, depending on the design
and requirements of the KBS.
  The user interface should be intuitive and user-friendly to facilitate effective
communication between the user and the KBS.
Explanation Module:
 The explanation module provides explanations or justification for the system's
conclusions or recommendations.
 It helps users understand the reasoning behind the system's decisions and builds trust in
the system.
 The explanation module can generate explanations in various forms, such as textual
explanations, graphical representations, or step-by-step reasoning traces.
Knowledge Acquisition System:
 The knowledge acquisition system is responsible for acquiring new knowledge and
updating the knowledge base.
 It can employ various techniques to capture knowledge from human experts, such as
interviews, observations, or analyzing existing documents.
 The knowledge acquisition system ensures that the knowledge base remains up-to-date
and reflects the latest expertise in the domain.
Knowledge Refinement and Maintenance:
 The knowledge refinement and maintenance component handles the ongoing process of
refining and improving the knowledge base.
 It involves reviewing and validating the existing knowledge, identifying and correcting
errors or inconsistencies, and incorporating feedback from users or domain experts.
 This iterative process ensures that the KBS continues to evolve and improve its
performance over time.
Domain Expertise:
 The KBS relies on the expertise of domain specialists or subject matter experts.
 These experts contribute to the development and validation of the knowledge base,
ensuring that it accurately represents the domain knowledge.
 Their expertise is crucial for designing the knowledge acquisition process, refining the
knowledge base, and evaluating the performance of the KBS.By integrating these
components effectively, a KBS can provide intelligent decision support, problem-
 solving capabilities, and expert advice in a specific domain, thereby enhancing
productivity and efficiency in various applications.

Rules:

 Rules are logical statements that describe relationships between different entities or
conditions in the domain.
 These rules are used by the system to infer new information or make decisions based on
the available data.

Facts:

 Facts are pieces of information about the domain that are considered to be true
 These facts can be used by the system to reason about the current state of the domain and
make informed decisions.

Heuristics:

 Heuristics are problem-solving strategies or rules of thumb that guide the system in
making decisions when faced with uncertainty or incomplete information.
 Heuristics are often used in complex domains where explicit rules may not be available
or practical.

Ontologies:

 Ontologies are formal representations of the concepts, entities, and relationships within a
domain. Ontologies provide a structured framework for organizing and representing
knowledge in a knowledge-based system, enabling efficient reasoning and inference.

Knowledge Representation Languages:

 Knowledge representation languages, such as Prolog, OWL (Web Ontology Language),

and RDF (Resource Description Framework), are used to formalize and represent
knowledge in a machine-readable format that can be processed by the system.