BALANCING

CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
 REVIEW

Balance a chemical reaction

Calculate for the percentage

composition.
BALANCING
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
CHEMICAL EQUATION

A chemical Equat i on should meet several

requirements for it to be considered correct .

1 . It should show the correct symbo l s and

formula for the reactant s and p ro duc t s
2 . Law of conserva t i on of ma ss must al so be
taken into account
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

The total amount of p roduct s i s equal t o t he

total amount of the reactant s

2 C 2

4 O 4
BALANCING EQUATIONS

1. Identify all reactants and products and

write their correct formulas on the left
side and right side of the equation,
respectively.
2. Begin balancing the equation by trying
different coefficients to make the
number of atoms of each element the
same on both sides of the equation.
RULE

YOU CAN ONLY

CHANGE THE
COEFFICIENT
BALANCING EQUATIONS

3. First, look for elements that appear only

once on each side of the equation with the
same number of atoms on each side: The
formulas containing these elements must have
the same coefficient.

4.Check your balanced equation to be sure

that you have the same total number of each
type of atoms on both sides of the equation
arrow
SAMPLE PROBLEM Zn + Pb(NO3 )2 → Zn(NO3 )2 + Pb

Reactant Elements Product

1 Zn 1

1 Pb 1

2 N 2

6 O 6
 LET'S TRY

_FeSO 4 + _NaOH → _Na 2SO4+ _Fe(OH) 2

 LET'S TRY
Compute for the percenta ge
composition of and iden tif y wh ich
among the 2 compounds con ta in the
higher percentage of carbon:

Caffeine: C 8 H10N 4 O 2

Sucrose: C12H22O 11
CALCULATING
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
FROM PERCENT
COMPOSITION
 AGENDA

Discuss how to calculate the molecular

formula given the molar mass
WHAT IS EMPIRICAL FORMULA?

a chemical formula showing the simplest

ratio of elements in a compound rather
than the total number of atoms in the
molecule
is this in its simplest?
is this in its simplest?
is this in its simplest?
is this in its simplest?
is this in its simplest?
is this in its simplest?
The empirical formul a of a compoun d
can be calculated from the perce nt
composition.

Because percentage is gi ve n, i t i s
convenient to ass ume 100.00 grams
of the compound.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
A compound is found to consist of 7.81% C and
92.19% Cl. What is the empirical formula of the
compound?
STEP 1: CONVERT GRAMS TO MOLES
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
A compound is found to consist of 7.81% C and
92.19% Cl. What is the empirical formula of the
compound?
STEP 2: COMPUTE FOR THE EMPIRICAL
FORMULA
NOTE: Choose the lowest computed no. of
moles ; this is to be used as the denominator
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

Empirical Formula:

C C l4
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
A compound is found to consist of 43.64% P and
56.36% O. The molar mass for the compound is
283.88 g/mol. What is the empirical formula?
STEP 1: CONVERT GRAMS TO MOLES
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
A compound is found to consist of 43.64% P and
56.36% O. The molar mass for the compound is
283.88 g/mol. What is the empirical formula?
STEP 2: COMPUTE FOR THE EMPIRICAL
FORMULA

.
X2
. X2
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2

X2
. X2

Empirical Formula:

P2 O 5
 LET'S TRY

What is the empirical formul a of

the compound with the
following composi ti ons?
20.2 % Al,
79.8 % Cl .
 LET’S TRY

What is the empirical formul a of

the compound with the
following composi ti ons?
2.1 % H,
32.6 % S
65.3 % O
MOLECULAR
FORMULA
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
A compound is found to consist of 43.64% P and
56.36% O. The molar mass for the compound is
283.88 g/mol . What is the empirical formula?
STEP 3: GET THE MASS OF THE EMPIRICAL
FORMULA
P: 2 X 30.97g/mol = 61.94 g/mol
O: 5 X 16 g/mol = 80 g/mol

Mass of empirical formula =141.94 g/mol

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
A compound is found to consist of 43.64% P and
56.36% O. The molar mass for the compound is
283.88 g/mol . What is the empirical formula?
STEP 4: COMPUTING FOR THE MOLECULAR
FORMULA
Molar Mass 283.88 g/mol
=
Mass of the emp i ri ca l 141.94 g/mol
formula
= 2
= =
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
A sample of a compound wi t h a mo l ar mass o f
34.00 g/mol is found to consi st o f 0.44 g H and
6.92 g O . Find its molecular formula .

STEP 1: CONVERT GRAMS TO MOLES

H: 0.44 g x 1 mol = 0.44 mol of H
1.01 g

O: 6.92 g x 1 mol = 0.43 mol of O

16 g
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
A sample of a compound wi t h a mo l ar mass o f
34.00 g/mol is found to consist of 0.44 g H and
6.92 g O . Find its molecular formula .
STEP 2: COMPUTE FOR THE EMPIRICAL
FORMULA
H: 0.44 mol = 1
0.43 mol

O: 0.43 mol = 1
0.43 mol
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
A sample of a compound wi t h a mo l ar mass o f
34.00 g/mol is found to consist of 0.44 g H and
6.92 g O . Find its molecular formula .
STEP 3:GET THE MASS OF THE EMPIRICAL
FORMULA
H: 1 X 1.01g/mol = 1.01 g/mol
O: 1 X 16 g/mol = 16 g/mol

Mass of E.F. = 17.01 g/mol

SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
A sample of a compound wi t h a mo l ar mass o f
34.00 g/mol is found to consist of 0.44 g H and
6.92 g O . Find its molecular formula .
STEP 4: COMPUTING FOR THE MOLECULAR
FORMULA
Molar Mass 34.00 g/mol
=
Mass of the emp i ri ca l 17.01g/mol
formula
= 1.998 or 2

= =
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
Determi ne the molecular formul a o f a c o mp o und
with an empirical formula of and a molar mas s
of 32.06 g/mol .
STEP 1:GET THE MASS OF THE EMPIRICAL
FORMULA
N: 1 X 14 g/mol = 14.00 g/mol
H: 2 X 1.01g/mol = 2.02 g/mol

Mass of E.F. = 16.02 g/mol

SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
Determi ne the molecular formul a o f a c o mp o und
with an empirica l formula of and a molar mass
of 32.06 g/mol.
STEP 4: COMPUTING FOR THE MOLECULAR
FORMULA
Molar Mass 32.06 g/mol
=
Mass of the emp i ri ca l 16.02g/mol
formula
= 2.00

= =