• The Stone Age, spanning from

around 2.5 million years ago to

about 3,000 BCE, represents the
earliest period in human history
characterized by the use of stone
tools.
• In terms of art history, the Stone
Age is divided into three main
periods: the Paleolithic (Old Stone
Age), the Mesolithic (Middle Stone
Age), and the Neolithic (New
Stone Age).
PALEOLITHIC ART
This period, dating from roughly 2.5
million years ago to about 10,000
BCE, is known for its cave paintings,
petroglyphs, and portable art.
• Examples include the intricate cave
paintings of animals found in sites
like Lascaux and Altamira, as well
as Venus figurines depicting the
female form.
Mesolithic Art
This transitional period,
spanning roughly from 10,000 BCE
to 8,000 BCE, saw the continued
use of stone tools and the beginning
of more settled lifestyles.
• Artifacts from this period
include small sculptures,
pottery, and rock engravings.
Neolithic Art
Lasting from about 8,000 BCE
to 3,000 BCE, the Neolithic period
marked the emergence of
agriculture, settled communities,
and more sophisticated forms of
art and architecture.
• Examples include megalithic
structures like Stonehenge,
pottery vessels, and figurines
depicting agricultural themes.
Overall, Stone Age art provides
valuable insights into early human
culture, beliefs, and technological
advancements, laying the
foundation for the development of
art throughout human history.
THANK YOU.

LUSTRIAN JOHN ABRAO

ROMANESQUE
& GOTHIC
ARCHITECTURE
GE 203 Arts and Humanities
• The name gives it away–
Romanesque architecture is based
on Roman architectural elements. It
is the rounded Roman arch that is
the literal basis for structures built in
this style.
• After a gap of around two hundred
years with no large building
projects, the architects of
Charlemagne’s day looked to the
arched, or arcaded, system seen in
Christian Roman edifices as a
model
• It is a logical system of stresses
and buttressing, which was fairly
easily engineered for large
structures, and it began to be
used in gatehouses, chapels,
and churches in Europe.
• These early examples may be
referred to as pre-Romanesque
because, after a brief spurt of
growth, the development of
architecture again lapsed.
• As a body of knowledge was
eventually re-developed, buildings
became larger and more imposing.
• Examples of Romanesque
Cathedrals from the Middle Ages
(roughly 1000-1200) are solid,
massive, impressive churches that
are often still the largest structure
in many towns.
• The arches that define the naves
of these churches are well
modulated and geometrically
logical – with one look you can
see the repeating shapes, and
proportions that make sense for
an immense and weighty
structure.
• There is a large arcade on the
ground level made up of bulky
piers or columns. The piers may
have been filled with rubble rather
than being solid, carved stone.
• The decoration is often
quite simple, using
geometric shapes rather
than floral or curvilinear
patterns. Common shapes
used include squares,
lozenges, chevrons, and
zigzag patterns and
shapes. Plain circles were
also used, which echoed
the half-circle shape of the
ubiquitous arches.
• Early Romanesque
ceilings and roofs were
often made of wood, as if
the architects had not quite
understood how to span the
two sides of the building
using stone, which created
outward thrust and stresses
on the side walls.
• This development, of
course, didn’t take long to
manifest, and led from
barrel vaulting (simple,
semicircular roof vaults)
to cross vaulting, which
became ever more
adventurous and ornate in
the Gothic.
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

• Forget the association of the word “Gothic” to

haunted houses, dark music, or ghostly pale people
wearing black nail polish.
• The Original Gothic Style was actually developed to
bring sunshine into people’s lives and especially into
their churches. To get past the accrued definitions of
the centuries, it’s best to go back to the very start of the
word Gothic, and to the style that bears the name.
 The Goths were a so-called
barbaric tribe who held power in
various regions of Europe, between
the collapse of the Roman Empire
and the establishment of the Holy
Roman Empire (so, from roughly the
fifth to the eighth century). They were
not renowned for great achievements
in architecture.
As with many art historical
terms, “Gothic” came to be applied to
a certain architectural style after the
fact.
Most Fundamental Element of
the Gothic Style of Architecture
is the Pointed Arch.

Which was likely borrowed

from Islamic architecture that
would have been seen in Spain at
this time. The pointed arch relieved
some of the thrust, and therefore,
the stress on other structural
elements. It then became possible
to reduce the size of the columns
or piers that supported the arch.
 In the vault, the pointed
arch could be seen in three
dimensions where the ribbed
vaulting met in the center of the
ceiling of each bay.
This ribbed vaulting is
another distinguishing feature of
Gothic architecture. However, it
should be noted that prototypes
for the pointed arches and
ribbed vaulting were seen first in
late-Romanesque buildings.
 The slender columns and
lighter systems of thrust allowed for
larger windows and more light. The
windows, tracery, carvings, and ribs
make up a dizzying display of
decoration that one encounters in a
Gothic church.
In late Gothic buildings,
almost every surface is decorated.
Although such a building as a whole
is ordered and coherent, the
profusion of shapes and patterns
can make a sense of order difficult to
discern at first glance.
• After the great flowering of Gothic style, tastes
again shifted back to the neat, straight lines and
rational geometry of the Classical era.
• It was in the Renaissance that the name Gothic
came to be applied to this medieval style that
seemed vulgar to Renaissance sensibilities.
• It is still the term we use today, though hopefully
without the implied insult, which negates the
amazing leaps of imagination and engineering
that were required to build such edifices.
THANK YOU!

RESHIAN COSIDO
AL IAN VILLANUEVA
MANNERISM
& BAROQUE
 Mannerism
• Mannerism, from maniera means
“manner or style”
• Artistic style that predominated in
Italy from the end of the High
Renaissance in the 1520s to the
beginnings of the Baroque style
around 1590.
• The Mannerist style originated in
Florence and Rome and spread to
northern Italy and, ultimately, to
much of central and northern
Europe.
• The term was first used around the
end of the 18th century by the
Italian archaeologist Luigi Lanzi
to define 16th-century artists who
were the followers of major
Renaissance masters.
• Mannerism originated as a reaction to
the harmonious classicism and the
idealized naturalism of High
Renaissance art as practiced by
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and
Raphael in the first two decades of the
16th.
• In the portrayal of the human nude, the
standards of formal complexity had
been set by Michelangelo, and the
norm of idealized beauty by Raphael.
• But in the work of these artists’
Mannerist successors, an obsession
with style and technique in figural
composition often outweighed the
importance and meaning of the subject
matter.
• The highest value was instead placed
upon the apparently effortless solution
of intricate artistic problems, such as
the portrayal of the nude in complex
and artificial poses.
 At the end of the high Renaissance in
the 16th century, art transitioned into a
style that was less balanced and
harmonized.
While Renaissance artists focused on
realistic depiction of people, Mannerism
artists experimented with elongated
proportions, no clear perspective, and
highly stylized poses.
 Portrait of
the Dwarf
Morgante,
Bronzino
(Mannerism)
 The
Entombment
of Christ,
Jacopo
Pontormo
(Mannerism)
• The Baroque is a Western style of
architecture, music, dance, painting,
sculpture, poetry, and other arts that
flourished from the early 17th century
until the 1750s.
• The Baroque style used contrast,
movement, exuberant detail, deep color,
grandeur, and surprise to achieve a
sense of awe.
• The period known as Baroque art focused
on a revival of religious themes as subjects
of artwork as the church attempted to re-
establish itself as a power by commissioning
large, expensive, expressive artworks.

• Baroque art incorporated motion and activity

that expanded art from the accomplishments
of the Renaissance painters. Sculpture and
architecture during the Baroque period
became large in scale, scope, and grandeur.
The ecstasy of st theresa, bernini
• Painters once again strove to
depict the realistic quality and
artistic forms prized in antiquity
with their human figures.
• The greatest painter of the age,
Peter Paul Rubens, influenced
Rembrandt and other Dutch
Baroque painters.
• While Baroque Art in most of
Catholic Europe was interested in
depicting scenes of aristocratic or
heavenly life.
• The Dutch artists of the time
developed a new style of easel
painting that commercialized many
artistic projects and brought them
to the homes of the rising middle
class.
 The Rape of
The Return of the
the Daughters
Prodigal Son,
of Leucippus,
Rembrandt.
Peter Paul
Rubens
The Baroque period had a great
influence on architecture around
the continent as well.

The most well-known Baroque

building is the famous Palace
of Versailles outside Paris:
 In common with Baroque architecture,
Versailles glitters with gold and uses a
process of repeating design elements in
sections of the palace that are unified from
the exterior by its many windows, which is
a typical element of Baroque architecture.

Its many columns, domes, and curvilinear

shapes mark it as one of the most classic
and grandest examples of the Baroque
style.
THANK YOU &
GOD BLESS
JOHNNY YUGTAN
EDGARD JOHN MALUPA
NEOCLASSICISM
& ROMANTICISM
NEOCLASSISM (1780-1840)
Neoclassicism or neoclassicism or Neo-Classicism
or neo-classicism
• A French art style and movement that originated as
a reaction to the Baroque in the mid-eighteenth
century, and continued into the middle of the
nineteenth century.
• It sought to revive the ideals of ancient Greek and
Roman art. Neoclassic artists used classical forms
to express their ideas about courage, sacrifice, and
love of country.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOCLASSICAL ART

• Portrayal of Roman history

• Formal composition
• The use of diagonals to show the peak of an
emotion or moment (versus a regular moment)
• Local color
• Overall lighting
• Classic geo-structure
NEOCLASSICAL PAINTING

• Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of

order and moderation in which artistic
interpretations of classical Greek and Roman
history were restored to realistic portrayals.
• Neoclassical painters give importance to the
costumes, setting, and details of classical
subject-matter without adding distracting
details but with as much historical accuracy
as possible.
 NEOCLASSICAL ARTISTS
PAINTERS AND SCULPTORS

JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID JEAN-AUGUSTE DOMINIQUE INGRES

PAINTER PAINTER

ANTONIO CANOVA BERTEL THORVALDSEN

SCULPTOR SCULPTOR
PORTRAIT OF NAPOLEON ON THE
IMPERIAL THRONE

The painting depicts Napoleon in his

decadent coronation costume, seated
upon his golden encrusted throne, hand
resting upon smooth ivory balls. During his
reign, the painting was owned by the
Corps Legislatif which was a part of the
French Legislature. The painting was
believed to be commissioned by Napoleon
as King of Italy.
ANTONIO CANOVA
(Neoclassical sculptor)

Canova was a prolific Italian artist

and sculptor who became famous
for his marble sculptures that
delicately rendered nude flesh. He
opened the idea for portraying
discrete sexual pleasures by using
pure contours with his mythological
compositions.
PSYCHE AWAKENED BY
CUPID KISS

A marble sculpture portraying

the relationship of psyche and
cupid.
BERTEL THORVALDSEN
(Neoclassical sculpture)

Thorvaldsen was the first

internationally acclaimed Danish
artist. He executed sculptures of
mythological and religious
themes characteristics.
CHRIST

A marble sculpture image

of resurrected Christ
currently located at the
Thorvaldsen Museum.
 NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
Types of Neoclassical Architecture
PALLADIAN CLASSICAL
TEMPLE STYLE
STYLE BLOCK STYLE
ROMANTIC ART PERIOD
(ROMANTICISM)
ROMANTICISM (1800-1810)

Romanticism and the Romantic School

An art movement and style that flourished in the early
nineteenth century. It emphasized the emotions painted in a
bold, dramatic manner.
Romantic artists rejected the cool reasoning of classicism
the established art of the times to paint pictures of nature in
its untamed state, or other exotic settings filled with dramatic
action, often with an emphasis on the past.
Classicism was nostalgic too, but Romantics were more
emotional, usually melancholic, even melodramatically tragic.
 CHARACTERISTRICS OF ROMANTIC
ART
• Shows the height of action
• Emotional extremes
• Celebrated nature as out of control
• Dramatic composition
• Heightened sensation (life and death moments)
 PAINTINGS BY MEMBERS OF THE FRENCH
ROMANTIC SCHOOL
• Théodore Géricault (French, 1791-1824)
• Eugène Delacroix (French, 1798-1863)
Filled with rich color, energetic brushwork, and dramatic and
emotive subject matter.

ENGLAND THE ROMANTIC TRADITION

• Began with Henry Fuseli (Swiss-English, 1741-1825) and
William Blake (1757-1827)
• Culminated with Joseph M. W. Turner (1775-1851) and John
Constable (1776-1837).
 GERMAN LANDSCAPE PAINTER

• Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840)

Produced images of solitary figures placed in lonely
settings amidst ruins, cemeteries, cited the horror of war
along with aristocratic portraits.
GOYA: Self-portrait, 1815, oil on panel
FRANCISCO GOYA: The Third of May, 1808
FRANCISCO DE GOYA
(Spanish, 1746-1828), 1821-23
Saturn Devouring One of His Sons
GERICAULT, THEODORE
The Raft of the Medusa, 1819, Oil on 491 x 716
cm
Musée du Louvre, Paris
EUGENE DELACROIX
Liberty Leading the People, 1830
EUGENE DELACROIX
The Fanatics of Tangier, 1837-88
HONORE DAUMIER
The Third-Class Carriage, oil on canvas,
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
HONORE DAUMIER
Advice to a Young Artist, after 1860
THANK YOU

SHENAH MADRONIRO