ABSTRACT

Our project focuses on creating an online voting system, which makes

voting easier and more accessible for everyone. This system allows
people to vote from their computers or smartphones securely. We've
worked hard to ensure that votes remain private and cannot be
tampered with. Our project emphasizes the importance of cybersecurity
and follows all the rules to make sure the voting process is fair and
trustworthy. By developing this system, we aim to encourage more
people to participate in elections and strengthen democracy.

Keywords: HTML,CSS,JAVASCRIPT,MYSQL,PHP.

ACKNOLEDGEMENT
This project is prepared in the partial fulfilment of the requirement of 4 th Semester Project-I. The
satisfaction and success of completion of this task would be incomplete without heartfelt thanks to
people whose constant guidance, support, and encouragement made this work successful. In doing
this undergraduate project we have been fortunate to help, support, and encouragement from
many people. We would like to acknowledge them for their cooperation.

We would like to thank Morgan international College for providing us a huge platform to gain
knowledge about different aspect of Computer Science and Information Technology.

We would like to thank our Supervisor Mr. Bibek Gautam who persuaded and continuously
guided us during the whole course of our project. We would also like to thank him for providing
us with the necessary content and classes regarding the project. We are also grateful to Mr. Bibek
Gautam for acting as our supervisor and showing immense patience and understanding throughout
the project and provided suggestions.
Last, but not least, we also take this opportunity to thank our friends and colleagues for their
support and feedback throughout this project.

With Regards,
Rashmi Dahal ()
Sarina Aryal()

Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………….
1.1 Introduction of Proposed project…………………………………………………….
1.2 Problem Statement……………………………………………………………………
1.3 Objective…………………………………………………………………………….
1.4 Scope and limitation………………………………………………………………..
Chapter 2 Literature Review…………………………………………………………………..
Chapter 3 Methodology……………………………………………………………………….
3.1 System Analysis…………………………………………………………………….
3.2 System Design……………………………………………………………………..
3.3 Project Schedule…………………………………………………………………..
Chapter 4 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………
4.1 Expected Outcome…………………………………………………………………

List of Abbreviations
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language
CSS: Cascading Style Sheet
UI: User Interface
UX: User Experience
CUIRD: Create, Read, Update, Delete
ERD: Entity Relationship Diagram
DFD: Data Flow Diagram

Chapter 1:Introduction
 1.1 Introduction

Technology encompasses a vast array of tools, systems, and methods designed to

solve problems, improve efficiency, and enhance our lives. From simple machines
like levers and pulleys to complex digital systems, technology influences nearly
every aspect of modern society. It enables us to communicate instantly across vast
distances, access information at our fingertips, and accomplish tasks more
efficiently than ever before. Whether it's the smartphone in your pocket, the
internet connecting the world, or the advancements in healthcare saving lives,
technology continues to shape and redefine the way we live, work, and interact
with the world around us.

Elections serve as a cornerstone of democratic governance, providing citizens with

the opportunity to participate in the selection of their leaders and representatives.
In essence, elections are formal processes where individuals cast their votes to
choose candidates for public office or to decide on specific issues .
Nepal's paper-based voting system is a fundamental component of its electoral
process. During elections, eligible voters receive a paper ballot with the names and
symbols of candidates or parties. Voters mark their choices and deposit their
folded ballots into secure ballot boxes. After polling ends, trained officials count
the votes manually, and results are declared publicly. This system is widely used in
local and national elections, particularly in rural areas where electronic
infrastructure may be limited. While Nepal has introduced electronic voting
machines in some areas to modernize the process, the paper-based system
remains prevalent, ensuring transparency and inclusivity in the electoral process.

Technology plays a pivotal role in modernizing and securing the voting system. It
enhances accessibility, efficiency, and accuracy through features like electronic
voting machines, secure transmission protocols, and real-time updates.
Technology also enables remote voting options, supports election monitoring, and
facilitates data analysis for informed decision-making. Overall, technology ensures
a more accessible, efficient, and trustworthy electoral process.

1.2 Problem Statement

In the context of Nepal, Paper-based voting is in practice through election.
However, these system of voting faces several challenges that hinder its
effectiveness and integrity, including following:-
I. Fraud and Manipulation: Paper ballots are susceptible to fraud and
including ballot stuffing, tampering, and miscounting. This compromises the
integrity of election results and undermines public trust in the electoral
process.
II. Inefficiency and Delays: such as voter registration, ballot distribution,
and counting are time-consuming and prone to errors. This can result in
delays in announcing election outcomes and disenchantment among voters.
III. Inaccessibility: Remote and marginalized communities may face
difficulties accessing polling stations due to geographical barriers,
inadequate infrastructure, or adverse weather conditions. This limits their
participation in the electoral process and undermines the principle of
universal suffrage.
IV. Transparency and Accountability: The opacity of manual vote counting
processes can raise concerns about transparency and accountability. Without
proper oversight mechanisms and safeguards, there is a risk of electoral
malpractice going undetected.
V. Resource Constraints: Organizing paper-based elections requires
significant human and financial resources, including printing and distributing
ballots, training election officials, and securing polling stations. Limited
resources may impede the conduct of free, fair, and inclusive elections.
VI. Environmental Impact: The production and disposal of paper ballots
contribute to environmental degradation, including deforestation and waste
generation. This raises ethical and sustainability concerns in the context of
election administration.
1.3 Objectives
The system aims to address the current challenges faced by voters providing effective
solutions. The objectives of the system include:-
I.

1.4. Scope and Limitation

1.4.1. Scope
I. Accessibility: Online voting systems can increase accessibility for voters who may have
difficulty reaching physical polling stations due to disabilities, geographical constraints,
or other reasons.
II. Convenience: Online voting allows voters to cast their ballots from anywhere with an
internet connection, reducing the need for travel and potentially increasing participation.
III. Efficiency: Online voting systems have the potential to streamline the voting process,
reducing long lines and wait times at polling stations.
IV. Cost-effectiveness: Online voting can potentially reduce the costs associated with
traditional paper-based voting systems, such as printing ballots and staffing polling
stations.
V. Security: With proper implementation and cybersecurity measures, online voting
systems can offer secure encryption and authentication methods to ensure the integrity of
the voting process.
1.4.2. Limitations
I. Security concerns: Online voting systems face significant cybersecurity risks, including
hacking, tampering, and unauthorized access. Ensuring the security and integrity of the
system is a major challenge.
II. Digital divide: Not all citizens have equal access to the internet or the necessary
technology to participate in online voting, potentially exacerbating existing disparities in
voter participation.
III. Authentication and identity verification: Verifying the identity of voters in an online
environment presents challenges, as it can be difficult to ensure that each voter is who
they claim to be without compromising privacy.
IV. Trust and transparency: Ensuring transparency and trust in the online voting process
is essential for maintaining confidence in the electoral system. However, the complexity
of online voting systems can make it difficult for voters to understand and trust the
process.
V. Legal and regulatory issues: Implementing online voting may require changes to
existing electoral laws and regulations, as well as addressing legal concerns related to
privacy, data protection, and electoral fraud.
VI. Technical challenges: Online voting systems must be robust and reliable, capable of
handling high volumes of traffic without experiencing downtime or technical glitches.
Ensuring the usability and accessibility of the system for all voters is also crucial.
VII. Auditability and accountability: Maintaining a verifiable audit trail in an online
voting system is challenging but essential for ensuring the accuracy and integrity of
election results. Implementing mechanisms for auditing and accountability can be
complex and resource-intensive.
2. Literature Review

Chapter 3:Methodology
We are going to use the waterfall methodology while building this system.

This project have specific documentation, ample time, fixed requirements, well-understood
technology so in order to build this system, water fall methodology can be used.

Fig:-Waterfall Model
The waterfall Model was the first Process Model to be introduced. It is also referred to as
a linear-sequential life cycle model. It is very simple to understand and use. In waterfall
model, each phase must be completed before the next phase can begin and there is no
overlapping in the phase. It is easy to arrange tasks and clearly defined stages.

3.1 System Analysis