PHINMA EDUCATION TOU 042: Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality ri Module #5 Student Activity Sheet Name: Class number: Section: Schedule: Date: ——— ‘Lesson title: Transportation Sector and Travel Evolution Materials: Learning Targets: SAS, At the end of the module, students will be able to: 1. Trace the evolution of transportation and travel References: 2. Explain the selection of transport modes Lansangan-Crvz, Zenaida (2019) ‘Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW fous lesson, we have leamed about tourism and culture. We leamed about cultural tourism and how culture patterns are affected. We have leamed that a knowledge of the culture of a country is important in order to understand how individuals within that country will behave. And in order to understand a traveler, itis necessary to understand why visitors act the way they do and be in better position to anticipate and satisfy the needs and wants, We also identified the different cultural factors that appeal to tourists. To review, can you identify these 12 cultural factors 4) In the previ Cultural Factors with Tourist Appeal 7. a @. i | 10. | Ti | 12 | 2] a) S] efx] In this module, we will now learn about transportation sector of tourism and hospitality. We'll look into the history of transportation to see how it evolved. We will identify also the different modes of transportation and learn about their characteristics. This will help you to provide the best transportation options to the travelers, B. MAIN LESSON 4. Content and Skill-Building Transportation is defined as the movement of goods and persons from place to place and the various means by which such movement is accomplished. The growth of the ability plus the need to transport large quantities of goods or numbers of people over long distances at high speeds in comfort and safety has been an index of civilization and in particular of technological progress. (https.//britannica,com; This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATIONPHINMA EDUCATION TOU 042: Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality Module #5 Student Activity Sheet Class number: Name: Date: Section: Schedule: Transportation and travel have undergone many changes and these can be broken down into seven eras. ‘A. Pre-Industria! Travel System Era = Period before the widespread industrialization in Europe and North America, before the development of railways Few common carriers and no regularly scheduled transportation services Travelers made their own arrangement with different suppliers - Era of stagecoach and wayside inn - Few people had the money and the reason to travel B. Early-Industrial Travel System Aera = Road improvements such as railways, canals and steamship services were brought about due to rapid industrialization and advances in transportation technology = Common carriers began to offer regularly scheduled transportation services = Travel increased because more people who had money traveled C. Mature-Railway System Era = Characterized by railways which expanded their operations by running hotels and providing other travel-related services which they marketed aggressively = Travel agencies and tour companies were formed (i.e. Thomas Cook) - More people traveled D. Express-Travel System Era = Express service increased since trains and other forms of transportation did not stop at every station or terminal but only in major ones - Increased speed of travel and there was more travel E, Automobile-Based Travel System Era = Privately owned automobile was more popular in North America and Europe from 1920s onward = Motorways, interstate highways and other trunk highways were developed in the latter half of this era (1920-1974) = Automobile was predominant over other travel modes (1920-1945) This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATIONi ity 12: Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospital clmariars ee PModule #5 Student Activity Sheet Class number: eS : Section Schedule, ates F. Modem-Tourism Travel System Era - Includes the period from 1945-1974 = Car ownership continued to grow at the expense of rail travel ~ Mass air travel occurred post World War I 1970 saw the introduction of wide-bodied jets which increased air travel “mass tourism’ philosophy and marketing were widespread during the 1950s and 1960s G. Post-Mobility Adjustment Era Began in 1973 to 1974 as a result of the oil embargo generated by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) which resulted in increase in fuel prices = The energy crisis changed the travel pattern worldwide Present era continues to look for alternative, group-oriented modes of ‘transportation Selection of Transportation Mode ‘There are different reasons why people select one transportation mode over another for their business and pleasure trips. The most common reasons are: 10. Status and Prestige 1, Cost 4.Convenience —_7. Frequency of trips 2. Travel time 5. Comfort 8. Ground Services 11. Departure and Arrival Times 3. Safety 6. Availability 9, Terminal Facilities and Locations Travel by Train Trains started to stimulate travel within the United States, Canada and Europe in the 19% and early 20" century. The first organized train tour in Britain was in 1841 when Thomas Cook organized and excursion between Leicester and Loughborough. And in 1851, three million Englishmen boarded the train to see the Great Exhibit in London. The train was important in stimulating the development of many seaside resorts in Britain. ‘In the United States, the first transcontinental route was completed in 1869. During the latter part 1800s and the first part of 1900s, the train connected major population centers and popular spas and resorts such as Niagara Falls, Long Beach, New Jersey and Las Vegas. In 1863, long-distance rail travel was improved when George M. Pullman buitt the Pullman coach, a luxury first-class sleeping and dining facility. In 1868, the diner car was introduced on the Chicago and Alton line and in 1878, an elaborate meal was made available in all trains. The popularity of rail travel lasted only for a brief period as automobiles began to more popular. This led to the Rail Passenger Service ‘Act which became a law in October 1970 to save the railroad industry. This act created the National Railroad This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION = oogS PHINMA EDUCATION ‘TOU 042: Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality Module #5 Student Activity Sheet Name: Class number: Section: ‘Schedule: Date: Passenger Corporation or commonly known as AMTRAK. Canada's equivalent of AMTRAK is VIA Rail Canada. Both have the responsibilty of providing intercity passenger rall transportation Travelers were asked on the reasons why they select train transportation as well as what they did not like about rail travel. The results were: /e Factors of Rail Travel al Posi Negative Factors of Rail Travel 1. CostiPrice 7, Slowness in reaching the destination S| 2. Comfort 2. Inflexible departure times (3. Satety 3. Lack of quality in food services. ma] 4. Ability to see where the train is passing Although there was a decline in the importance of rail travel due to ‘automobiles and airplanes, railroads had been working hard to improve their facilities and services. After World War Il, Japan introduced the Shinkansen or bullet trains which travel at speeds greater than 140 miles per hour. France also has its supertrain which is the Tres Grande Vitesse that travels at a speed of 175 miles per hour. In Russia, the Trans-Siberian Railroad was built which connected outlying Siberian industrial regions and mining centers with European Russia and is considered the longest railroad in the world (5,787 miles). Travel by Ship Travel by ship started even before rail travel but it was not until the middle ofthe 19" century that travel by ocean liners began to become well-known. Ocean liners were used to provide a link to passengers among continents. At present, water transport has two major roles: travel and tourism ferrying and cruising. The steamship era started in 1840 with the first transatlantic-scheduled lined trips established by Sir Samuel Cunard. Unfortunately, the introduction of the jet aircraft led to the rapid decline of ships as the preferred passenger transportation mode. Cruise ships then took the place of regular scheduled passenger ships. One more role of the ship travel and tourism is ferrying or the use of ferry boats. Short-duration sightseeing cruise ship attractions are popular in North America. These may last from 4 day to even a shorter length of time. What tourists like about these steamer sightseeing cruises are seeing the scenic the scenic beauty of an area, learning about the history of the surrounding area and using its ding/bar service. Cruise Ship This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATIONSs urism and Hospital. : Mi ective of To! PHINMA EDUCATION ToU 042: Micro _ sdule #5 student Activity Sheet Class number: ____ Name; ate: Section: Schedule: .ce than a transportation mode. the trips: short s Cruises are more of a vacation experien: They are divided into three types depending on the duration of cruises (one week or less), intermediate long cruises (1-4 weeks) and long cru (1-3 months). Short cruises are more popular since they required less vacation time and less expensive. They are also able to fulfil the desires of the travelers such as experience new environments and see new culture while having the d lly hard. The Coronovirus I cruise ships are docked and all sailing has been lines are doing all necessary adjustments to make dy to conform to the new standards to ensure comfort, safety and convenience of home. The demand for cruising was expecte’ to increase. However, due to the pandemic, the cruise industry has been hit re pandemic has put a stop to cruising altogether. Almost all suspended until October 31, 2020. At present, the cruise sure that when they start sailing again, operations will be rea the health and safety of their passengers. Travel by Automobile Carl Benz of Mannheim, Germany invented the automobile in 1885-1886. He combined ‘and the Intemational combustion engine and designed the complete vehicle engine fm" consisting of the engine, chassis and transmission. Then in 1908, Henry Ford produced his Model T car with an assembly technique for mass production and ultimately made the automobile more affordable. ‘After the World War Il, the automobile increased in popularity. It spread the benefits of tourism more widely and enabled people to travel individually or in private smaller groups. It also produced a more random pattem of travel movements, opened up new destinations, and sped up the development of elaborate networks of automobile-oriented facilities and services along highways and roads. It is the preferred mode of transportation in North America because it provides travelers greater freedom in the choice of route, destination, and timing of the journey. Also, family automobile travel is the most inexpensive and convenient form of travel in the United States. The popularity of the automobile also stimulated tourism by creating attractions along tourist routes made Eccessible by the automobile. Good examples are homes of historical figures, scenic areas and historic the bicycle shrines and monuments. ‘avel are recreational vehicles and car rentals. The recreational ‘Two important aspects of automobile tr vehicle or RV was an extension of the preferent popular after World War Il in North America an 1ce of North America for the automobile. Camping has become \d there are more than 14,00 public and private parks and This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATIONca Module #5 Student Activity Sheet net Class number: Section: Schedule: Date: commercial campgrounds in the United States. Many visitors from Europe in Canada and United States rented RVs for cross continent trips. The other aspect of automobile travel is car rental. The car rental industry started in 1918 when a Chicago Ford dealer started to rent secondhand Model Ts. it was later on bought by John D. Hertz in 1924, the founder of the Yellow Cab Company. The biggest competitor of Hertz was Avis which was founded in 1946 by a retired US Air Force office Warren E. Avis. It started in airport rental locations and evertualy moved fo downtown rental locations in 1948, twas QM ays Siete during this year that another car rental company was established, the National Tatty Car Rental. At present, there are 4 companies who are dominating the US Budget fox] Market: Hertz, Avis, National and Budget. The highest usage of rental cars is AS] during weekdays, Mondays to Fridays, usually by business travelers. The _« customers during weekends are mostly pleasure travelers. This sectors highly gum om competitive thatis why companies are trying to come up with different strategies such as additional services, amenities and packages. Travel by Bus/Motor Coach Bus tava is contr toe the mst fdbie and economical fam of tanapoisi sine Gots bse ware Ht used cary ponsongrsrerety te early 1900s. In 1928, the Greyhound Company was established which was the largest Bg sf sat aproaned bce compen nthe wars Wravaled fom Now vor ese roses ada in about five days but with road improvements before World War Il, it was reduced to 90 hours. The terms “bus, “coach’ and “moto coach’ are used interchangeably but they generally have two major roles: provide regular schedule of intercity passenger transportation service and provide charter and tours services. They are preferred my travelers mainly because of convenience and economy. However, only a few choose the bus for business travel. Also, majority of travelers on long trips do not choose travelling by bus. Charter and tour services is the fastest growing segment of the bus or motor coach industry. Numerous tour packages are offered by tour operators who charter buses and arrange all aspects of the tour such as itinerary, lodging, sightseeing, admission, tour guides, meals, etc. These packages are mostly sold through travel agencies. These tours usually last 5-6 days and are limited to a particular geographical area. The major target markets for these tours are school children and senior citizens. Travel by Air The invention of the airplane had a revolutionary impact on tourism since = World War Il. Air travel started with the Wright Brothers who took a flight on a beach which lasted for 12 seconds with a distance of 120 feet on December 17, 1903. But the air industry started with regularly scheduled passenger trips in 1927 between Boston and New York. In the United States, majority of the early airlines carried mails for the post office. One of these was Varney which later became United lines began its passenger service when it Airlines. On April 17, 1926, Westem Ai This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATIONPHINMA EDUCATION TOU 042: Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality Module #5 Student Activity Sheet Class number: Date: Name: SS ae Section: Schedule: carried a woman passenger along with the mail. However, it was Pan American Airways which had the first scheduled international fight in 1927 which carried mail from Key West, Florida to Havana, Cuba ‘War Il was because of its time-saving aspect and cost effectiveness compared to other modes of transportation. Commercial jet aircrafts were introduced in 1950s ‘and early 1960s which led to increase in speed of travel, smoother flights and greater seating capacity. The commercial airline industry was further improved in the 1970s with the introduction of wide-bodied aircrafts such as Doughlas DC-10, Boeing 747, the Lockheed Tristar 1011 and the European Aerobus. These airplanes further increased passenger comfort, seating capacity and freight capacity. The growth of the airline industry after World Continuous improvement was seen in aircraft technology. In the 1980s, the DC-9-80 and Boeing 757 and 767 were designed for fuel-efficiency (30% lower fuel consumption). The Boeing 747-400 was introduced later on with a range of 8,000 miles and seating capacity of 418. Food service has also evolved in large planes where the modules are snapped into place on a lower level in the aircraft. These modules contain prepared foods that are heated in flight by convection and microwave ovens. Aside from commercial airlines, charter services were also introduced in air travel which helped in lowering the prices of airfares. Charter services are an alternative to regularly scheduled services. They offer lower rates because they do not have the large personnel investment required an airline with regularly scheduled flights. Also, by flying with a full load of passengers, the charter companies are able to fly their planes for less cost per passenger. The growth of charter flights was impressive that is why some airline started to offer economy fares. This made air travel more attractive to travelers. At present, chartered flight is an unscheduled flight that is not part of a regular airline routing. With this kind of flight, you rent an entire aircraft and can determine departure/arrival locations and time. ‘Check for Understanding Let's Do This! Try to complete each exercise before looking at the feedback. Exercise 1: Identify the following transportation concepts. 1. A public corporation that maintains intercity railroad in the United States. 2. The high-speed trains of France. 3. Transportation mode preferred by a number of travelers because of convenience and economy, 4.The longest railroad in the world. 5. The high-speed trains of Japan 6. Type of cruise with a duration of one week or less. 7. The inventor of the automobile. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATIONPHINMA EDUCATION ‘TOU 042: Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality Module #5 Student Activity Sheet Name: __ Class number: Date: Section: Schedu 8. The first car rental company. 9. Type of cruise ship with less than 100 passengers. 10. An unscheduled flight that is not part of a regular airline routing. Exercise 2: Write short responses for the questions: a. What are the reasons why some travelers prefer to travel by train? b. What are the reasons why some travelers prefer to travel by ship? What are the reasons why some travelers prefer to travel by automobile? d. What are the reasons why some travelers prefer to travel by air? Exercise 3: Write a short response for the question. 1, Name at least three (3) persons you know that likes to travel. Ask each one of them what mode of transportation they prefer and why? This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATIONtive of Tourism and Hospitality TOU 042: Micro Perera ule #5 Student Activity Sheet uN Y PHINMA EDUCATION Module Class number: aes j ia ii C. LESSON WRAP-UP Summary / Frequently Asked Questions In this part we tackled about the evolution of transportation sector, and the selection of transportation. The evolution of transportation and travel took place in seven groups, namely: the pre-industrial travel system era, the early-industrial travel system era, the mature-raiway system era, the express-travel system era, the ‘automobile-based travel system era, the modern-tourism travel system, and the post-mobilty adjustment period. The improvement in transportation encouraged the desire to travel. At present, fast and efficient means of transportation can bring travelers to any place in the world. Trains encouraged travel within the United States, Canada, and Europe in the 19" and the early 20" centuries. Train travel continues in Europe and Asia more than in the United States, particularly for long-distance travel. In Europe, the popularity of the rail system is increased due to the use of the Eurailpass. Travel by ship became prominent in the middle of the 19 century, The modem era travel by water is characterized by the use of ships, hovercrafts, steamers, and riverboats for cruising and ferrying. The introduction of automobile resulted in the decline of the popularity of the train in several developed countries. The introduction of the fly/drive concept stimulated the growth of the car rental industry. Bus or motor coach travel is the most economical form of transportation in terms of fuel costs; but for long distances, it stil has the disadvantage of being time consuming compared to air transportation. The airplane has taken over as the major international and intercontinental transportation mode in the post-World War Il era. Itis a very important mode for the business traveler because of its time-saving aspects. FAQs 1. What is the oil embargo? The oil embargo was imposed during the 1973 Arab-Israeli War. Arab members of OPEC imposed an inst tion for the US decision to re-supply t military an ‘gain leverage in the post-war peace negotiations. Arab OPEC members also extended the embargo to ro . tiations between oil nations and oi ady de s-old mbargo’s eff 2. What is a freight? ight, cargo, shit to g00% fed from pl 1c. Freight is th term rte 8 to another b dictionary.com Thinking about Learning 4, Did you have challenges in learning in this lesson? This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION