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4 Common overhead optical cable deployment problems | Chapter 1：Optical Cable Deployment | CNE050000001748 Courseware | …

This chapter will introduce the common problems that occur during the installation of aerial optical cables, and
help you to resolve common problems during the installation of aerial optical cables.

Part 1 introduces the common problems of optical cable drawing and reservation.

1. The first common problem is that after the optical cable rolled over, the reserved disk does not comply
with the requirement (eight words and the withdrawal and torsion process).The installation of optical
cables with stress may damage the structural components of the optical cables. And even break the FRP of
the fiber optic cable center reinforcement. Causing rectification or re-routing of optical cables.

2. The following is a common problem when laying the optical cable coiler, without using a cushion and the
cable directly touched the ground. In the picture, if the optical cable touches the ground directly, sharp
objects on the ground may scratch the outer sheath of the optical cable. This problem may affect the
mechanical performance of the optical cable or shorten the service life of the optical cable.

Part 2: In this part, we will introduce the common problems related to traction and routing of optical cables.

1. The first problem is that the diameter of the upper pulley does not meet the requirements and the traction
angle is greater than 27 degrees. In the part, we can see that the cable traction personnel are too close to the
communication Pole. The angle between the optical cable and the ground is greater than 27 degrees. Also
using the small pulley traction cable whose diameter does not meet the requirements. In this case, the
optical cable is forcibly pulled. This error example may cause the dynamic bending radius of the optical
cable during traction, to be less than 20 times of specified diameter. In addition, pulling the optical cable
forcibly may cause physical damage to the optical cable.

2. The second common problem is that the optical cable is pulled after the back buckle occurs. In the video,
we can see that the optical cable is seriously twisted or buckled. However, the operator is still pulling the
cable by force. This problem may cause physical damage to the optical cable or even break the internal
components of the optical cable. This will affect the optical fiber transmission quality.

3. The third problem is that personnel are not assigned to guard the corner of the optical fiber when the optical
fiber is led around the bend. As shown in the video, we can see that in the scenario of following a 90 degree
turn, no observer is set at the corner for the optical cable traction. If the optical cable is not monitored in the
angle and no guide pulley is observed. If the optical cable is disconnected from the pulley and forcibly
pulled the optical cable may come out of the cable sheave, or get trampled and crushing by traffic at the
corner, these risks may cause serious damage to the optical cables.

4. Here is another common problem in the course of optical cable traction. The optical cable traction
personnel gather and yank the optical cable hard. Similar problems may cause damage to the outer sheath of
the optical cable and decrease in the mechanical performance of the optical cable and consequently
affecting the optical performance. Such personnel gathered together and yanked the cable…..such examples
are prohibited in the process of pulling optical cables.

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12/05/2021 1.4 Common overhead optical cable deployment problems | Chapter 1：Optical Cable Deployment | CNE050000001748 Courseware | …

Next, we will see an example of the fiber cable traction process when the communication is not smooth.

We first saw the front-end operator pulling the cable at a constant speed, however the farthest operator is
standing still. This would cause a large section of optical cables to accumulate on the ground whilst continuing
to pull the cable. This problem may easily cause cable twisting and cause a back buckle. This brings risks to the
security of optical cables during the cable routing process. Therefore, all operators need to communicate with
each other during the optical cable traction. The personnel's actions during the optical cable traction must be
consistent and well coordinated. In the video, we can see that the optical cable being pulled is directly touching
the grass and the concrete floor, causing the printing on the surface of the optical cable to fall off and damage the
outer sheath. The damage to the outer sheath may reduce the service life of the optical cable. In the picture,
when we see the traction cable crossing the road, no warning sign is set and the optical cable is directly touching
the ground. No warning tape is set during the road crossing. Pedestrians and vehicles may damage optical cables
directly. At the same time, the optical cable is directly touching the ground. Possible problems have been
mentioned in the previous chapter.

Part 3 focuses on the common problems related to the use of pulleys. Direct replacement of pulleys with wire or
other non standard hanging fittings. Using wire or other non-standard hanging fittings to replace the cable laying
and traction pulleys during the cable traction process. This problem may cause the printing on the optical cable
to come off as well as damaging the outer jacket. In addition, the dynamic bending radius of the optical cable
does not meet the requirements, damaging the internal structure of the optical cable. It may even lead to the
breakdown of the fiber reinforced core FRP at that point. Pay special attention to this problem during the
installation of aerial optical cables. In the video, we can see that the dynamic bending radius of the optical cable
is very small. In this case, continuing to pull the optical cable forcibly will also cause problems similar to those
when iron wires or hanging hardware is used to directly replace the pulley. In these cases the optical fiber
reinforced core FRP can be easily broken. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the use of pulleys with diameters
that do not meet the requirements. Generally, the 60cm 40cm optical cable is recommended when installing the
upper pulley and the straight-line pulley.

Part 4: We will introduce the common problems of optical cable reservation and coiling. In the picture, we can
see that the optical cable is only slightly curved. Optical cables are not reserved or coiled as required. The
optical cables are not coiled on the optical cable tray as required. Instead it is messy and the coils are not bound
as required. This section we will introduce the common problems experienced in the hardware installation
process. As shown in the following figure, the clamp and hardware are not fastened. If the optical cable is
secured, tighten it as required. If the optical cable is pushed down for a long period of time, the optical
transmission quality of the optical cable route will be affected.

In the last part, we will briefly cover the common installation problems of FAT. After the FAT is fixed
according to the design requirements, the optical cables must be properly bound and coiled. In the picture, the
optical cables lead in and out of the branch are not coiled on the cable tray as required. The optical cables have
not been fully twisted and the optical cables must be tied neatly otherwise this may also cause abnormal
attenuation of the optical cable link. The installation height of the FAT in the picture is too low and does not
meet the requirements of the installation height, this may make it easy for people to touch the optical cable and

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equipment, thus increasing the risk of the link being damaged. After the FAT is installed, fasten the fixing parts
and the clamp. Take care fix the FAT securely , it must not shake. This prevents the transmission quality from
being affected by strong winds or the FAT dropping.

Finally, this course only presents an overview of the common problems that may be experienced during the
installation of aerial optical cables. Some of the problems mentioned in this article are not sufficient to cover
every scenario in the operation process. After class, you can refer to other learning materials, some links and
references are included to the courseware.

Thank you.

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