ALLEGED

UNTOLD OF
MARTIAL
LAW
 Contents

1. Descriptive Text
2. Analytical Text
3. Persuasive Text
4. Critical Text

Submitted by:
Darrel L. Cabuyoc
12- Zeus (HUMSS)

Submitted To:
Mr. Olin Jell Atregenio
Teacher

Subject:
English Application for Academic Purposes
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Generally, before Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law, there had already been communists,
scholar activists, and religious people; those included nuns, farmers, employees, and others who
protested against the Marcos government. They have different problems and issues that they are
fighting for. There are protestants due to low labor, and that leads to the poor getting poorer and the
wealthy getting richer. Every day, a lot of people are protesting in Malacañang. These protestants just
spoke out towards the government, and days later, there were more protestants. This indicates that
there is an increasing disparity of wealth between the very rich and the very poor, which leads to an
increase in crime and civil unrest around the country. In March 1969, the new people’s army (NPA)
was formed as a military wing of the Communist Party within the Philippines, which reached 25,000
throughout his regime because of growing human rights abuses and the worsening socio-economic
situation in the country. While on the southern island of Mindanao with the Moro national Liberation
Front, a militant Muslim separatist group, Marcos claimed that the country was threatened by
communists, Moro rebels, and the rising number of militants and civil unrest as a justification for
declaring martial law.
He is eager to be declared martial law because he knows that with that he’s going to benefit
strength, not just over the president but over the Congress and judiciary. As president, he can now
enforce laws without any further process or state orders and control the whole country. This is his
ambition: to stay longer in power and for his administration to continue and govern the Philippines in
his hands.
The 1935 constitution, Article VII, Section 10, is different from the provision of martial law
today. The 1935 constitution, Article VII, Section 10, stated, “In case of invasion, insurrection,
rebellion, or imminent danger thereof, when public safety requires it, the president may additionally
suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or place the Philippines or any part thereof under
martial law.”
Ferdinand Marcos announced Proclamation No. 1081 on September 23, 1972, declaring
martial law, which was dated September 21, 1972. Through this decree and a controversial show of
hands by means of spreading fear and terror, Marcos seized emergency powers, giving him complete
control of the Philippine military and authority to suppress and abolish the freedom of speech, the
freedom of the press, and plenty of other civil liberties. He now has the right to write down and do
what he desires for the country. He has gained the power of the executive, legislative, and judiciary.
He’s free to do anything he wants, and no one can restrict his plan. In the Marcos management,
beneath martial law, if you are in opposition to the government, you are then taken into consideration
as an enemy. There are such a lot of Filipinos who are against the Marcos dictatorship; this consists of
scholar activists, religious workers, farmers, employees, and others. They protest what they want to
happen to our government. These protestants additionally silently write and distribute manifestos to
be distributed to each place or province, convincing every Filipino to support them and be considered
one of them. In addition, this may allow them to realize what kind of country they have. They
encourage all Filipinos to wake up from a nightmare and be a part of it for the betterment of our
country.
His general order No. 1, signed on September 22, 1972, “Hereby declares that I shall govern
the nation and direct the operation of the entire government, such as all its agencies and
instrumentalities, and for the next few years, his strength is absolute. He issued 1,941 presidential
decrees, which can be identical to legal guidelines that he simply had to sign without any further
process from Congress. For the reason that he has the power to make the bills into legal laws, those
are referred to as “Constitutional Authoritarians” or “Constitutional Dictators.”.

ANALYTICAL TEXT
On the first day of martial law, before the day ended, Marcos dissolved the Philippine
Congress, and there are four hundred people who have been arrested by way of police and military,
together with his political opponents and his critics, human rights leaders, and individuals of the
constitutional commission who support the new constitution. Marcos believes that they are
communist suspects and leaders, together with his fellow Upsilonian brother, Ninoy Aquino. The
regime sentenced Ninoy to the death penalty, but it was never executed. This is because Ninoy and
Marcos had been more than friends, but the public isn’t aware of this. Even in detention, he and
Marcos would communicate with scrambled phones but this relationship has been intentionally
silenced in Philippine history.
All of the media agencies have been closed down by means of the order of the previous
President Ferdinand Marcos, as consistent with his letter of instruction No. 1, signed on September
22, 1972. He mandated the AFP to take over privately owned media companies because he believed
that they were a part of a “criminal conspiracy to seize political and national power,” and on
September 28, 1972, he signed the letter of instruction No. I-A that instructed the AFP to capture the
facilities of ABS-CBN and ABC 5, which is now TV5. According to Marcos, those channels are
“actively engaged in activities subverting the government and “the reason to do it”. The media
shutdown consists of TV stations, daily newspapers, weekly magazines, community papers, and radio
stations that have been closed by Marcos. Additionally, many journalists were arrested due to the fact
that they believe that they’re a part of the organization whose purpose is to subvert the Marcos
government.
In the end, a number of the media will allow it to open, but there are so many changes. There
are policies pointing out “news reports of positive national value,” meaning reporters should only
write the positive ones. It’s far evident that there may be something incorrect going on that the public
needs to not know during martial law. They need to protect the administration of Marcos by
convincing all the people that everything is good and controlled. Good governance means information
is freely accessible to the public and to the people; however, even the flow of the right facts was
controlled by Marcos. This means that there are things happening within the country that the general
public must not know. They cannot control how people will react to the situation; instead, they use
their energy to control everything.
In 1973, all the opposition leaders or media had their rights removed, despite the fact that they
were not part of any rebellion. In step with Marcos, this is the way to manipulate the situation in
which their right to speak has been abolished.
In March 1980, Ninoy suffered a coronary heart attack in prison. Marcos facilitated Ninoy’s
trip to the US for his surgery, along with the whole Aquino family. Three years later, still in the United
States, Ninoy was told by Cardinal Sin about Marcos deteriorating health. Ninoy Aquino decided to
go back home from self-exile within the United States of America in a rush to speak to Marcos. On
August 21, 1983, Aquino was murdered by the army as he disembarked from a plane at the Manila
International Airport. The assassination shocked and outraged most Filipinos, who had lost guarantees
from the Marcos administration, and this event triggered the non-cooperation of many Filipinos, who
had been more doubtful about the Marcos government. There are a lot of questions against Marcos in
which he had lots of time to kill Ninoy between 1972 and 1980, but he became lenient with the
demise penalty, and he permitted Ninoy to get coronary heart surgical treatment. Human beings say
Marcos killed Ninoy in broad daylight so that the whole country and the world would witness the
remaining hours of his life. Regardless of the reality that Ninoy has knowledge of the plot towards his
lifestyles, he nevertheless takes the risk of going home simply to talk to Marcos.

PERSUASIVE TEXT
On the following days after the declaration of martial law on September 21, 1972, everyone
was scared, especially all the protestants or people who are against the government, and for them to
hide their identity, they used “alyas” to avoid being discovered as one of the protestants. They
immediately burned all the papers before the raid on every house started, and any time can be used
against them. In the evening, you cannot see anyone walking in the street because of the curfew.
Everyone is silent and hiding; once the police or military find out that you are one of them, they will
arrest you and detain you while they are slowly killing you. They want you to suffer in their hands
until you expose everything, including your name and everything about the group to which you
belong. There is a cell called Bartolina, where the arrested and detained are made to experience
solitary confinement. If you’re placed in solitary confinement, sometimes it isn’t just for a day, a
week, or a month. They also don’t feed you, and there is no ventilation. A lot of people experienced it.
It is not justifiable because there is no crime committed by these people. As days pass, there is an
increasing number of people who have been killed, go to jail, tortured, and suddenly disappear. There
was no warrant of arrest presented by the police; they just immediately took the person into jail, and
his or her suffering will start.They just spoke out against the government and against how the
government ruled. That is not a valid reason for arresting, detaining, making them disappear, or
torturing them. These people were the ones who asserted what was right. They are the ones who spoke
of what should happen. They are the tortured, the killed, and the disappeared. They were robbed of
their future just because they said what was right. A lot of people are imprisoned for being accused of
the law. They are innocent and just got involved during the martial law. Their rights to express
themselves hadn’t been recognized. This is considered a violation of human rights since the
individual’s fundamental moral rights were denied. They treat them as if they are less human and
undeserving of respect and dignity. These are crimes against humanity. Some of them experience
either physical or psychological pain, while others experience both. Physical torture: they experience
beatings, electric shocks from different parts of their body, and their genitals. In psychological torture,
detainees experienced being deprived of food and water for a long period of time and fatigued for
keeping standing upright for how many hours without sleep? Mostly, while they are torturing, they are
interrogating. This is their way to extract confessions or information from them, and then after they
are usually killed and buried in secret, their loving families do not know whether their loved ones are
alive or dead, hoping that they will acquire justice for their loved ones.

CRITICAL TEXT
The Philippines was ruled by the military for almost 10 years during Martial Law, in which
corruption increased and the people’s money was spent on unnecessary things just for their own
interests. Instead of spending money to feed hungry children, they used it for their own. There was no
control, as if they owned the entire Philippines. At that time, our economy was down. The martial law
was formally ended on January 17, 1981, but it effectively lasted until Marcos was exiled from the
country in 1986, when the People Power Revolution was borne. There were 75,730 cases of human
rights violations during the martial law filed on the Human Rights Victims Board; at least 3,257
people were killed, 35,000 others were tortured, and 70, 000 political prisoners were jailed during the
martial law.
The martial law became a way for many Filipinos to wake up, keep fighting, and have unity
while fighting for our country. To stand and fight for your rights. Those exercising authority abused
the power they exercised, but it is indeed correct that Filipinos fought for their rights back then; they
were not cowards; they stood up for what they believed to be right. Martial law inspired them to
become more awake, unite together, and fight for the country; their Filipino pride showed out even
more. People fought for their rights with greater determination under martial law since their human
rights had been violated countless times.
In the Marcos government, martial law, election fraud, silencing the opposition, and truth
manipulation all of this has historical revisionism. Even when Ferdinand Marcos was still alive,
misinformation was rampant about what happened in his time, and now it is still rampant to change
the true history of the Philippines under the dictatorship of Marcos.
Marcos was exiled from the country in 1986, during the People Power Revolution. At that
time, Marcos was sick and dying, while the protestants continued with their intentions to exile Marcos
as president. There are allegations of corruption, grave illness, an economic crisis, and the death of
Ninoy. That time, the people were more powerful as they increased in number, which led to Marcos
losing power. When Cory Aquino, a reluctant housewife of Ninoy Aquino, who has no experience in
politics, served as the 11th President of the Philippines, she made sure that never again there would be
dictatorship to ensure that our democracy would survive. To make sure that our rights are respected,
the rights of women, youth, and children are respected, as are those of indigenous people and public
health.
The People Power Revolution has inspired a call for a change of government through
peaceful protests rather than bloodshed. The revolution provided for the restoration of democratic
institutions after years of the Marcos government. We are now embracing freedom and strengthening
Philippine democracy.