References

Abaho, I., Bwanika, G., Walekhwa, P., Arinaitwe, A. V. I., & Kwetegyeka, J. (2016).
Fatty acid profiles and growth of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell,
1822) larvae fed on freshwater rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) and Artemia as
live starter feeds. Int. J. Fisheries & Aquatic Studies, 4(1), 189–196.
Abatzopoulos, T. J., Amat, F., Baxevanis, A. D., Belmonte, G., Hontoria, F., Maniatsi, S.,
… Shadrin, N. V. (2009). Updating Geographic Distribution ofArtemia
urmianaGünther, 1890 (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) in Europe: An Integrated and
Interdisciplinary Approach. International Review of Hydrobiology, 94(5), 560–
579. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200911147
Abubakar, M. Y., & Ipinjolu, J. K. (2013). Effect of feeding rate on the survival and
growth of Clarias gariepinus fry weaned from zooplankton and Artemia. Scientific
Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(6), 105–111.
Achi, O. A., Koumi, A. R., Ossey, Y. B., Yté, W., Ouattara, N. I., & Atsé, B. C. (2018).
Effect of Substitution of Artemia salina Protein by Soya Protein in Clarias
gariepinus Larvae Compounded Diets: Growth, Feed Efficience and Survival.
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 3(3), 770–
775. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.3.8
Ahmad, T. (1990). Food preference at rabbit fish (Siganus javus) larvae at different
stages. Jurnal Penelitian Budidaya Pantai (Indonesia).
Ajepe, R. G., Hammed, A. M., Amosu, A. O., & Fashina-Bombata, H. A. (2014).
Comparative study of Artemia (Brine Shrimp) and Ceriodaphnia (Zooplankton) as
foods for catfish larvae. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4(7), 857.
Akbari, P., Seyed, A. H., Imanpour, M. R., Soudagar, M., & Makhdoumi, N. M. (2009).
The effect of N-3HUFA and vitamin C-enriched Artemia urmiana nauplii on
growth, survival in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae. Journal of
Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 16(1), 42–53.
Akbary, P., Hosseini, S. A., & Imanpoor, M. R. (2011). Enrichment of Artemia nauplii
with essential fatty acids and vitamin C: effect on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) larvae performance. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10(4), 557–
569.
Akbary, P., Imanpoor, M. R., Sudagar, M., & Makhdomi, N. (2010). Comparison
between live food and artificial diet on survival rate, growth and body chemical
composition of Oncorhynchus mykiss larvae. Iranian Journal of Fisheries
Sciences, 9(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijfs.2018.114080
Al-Daffai, S. M. M., & Al-Obaydi, T. S. (2014). Substitution of animal protein
concentration with different levels of dried artemia in diet of Fingerling common
carp (Cyprinus carpio). Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 7(2).
Al-Nasiri, S. K., Al-Shawi, S. A., & Al-Obaydi, T. S. (2008). Use Of Nauplii Artemia
parthenogenetica As Larval Food For Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Iraq
Journal of Agricultural Research, 13(2).
Alubaydi, T. S. M., Abd Alkaliq, A. A., & Salman, T. A. A. (2013). The Use of Nauplii
and Decapsulated Cysts of Artemia parthenogentica in Common Carp Cyprinus
carpio in Comparable with Liqure Artificial Diet. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary
Medicine (IJVM), 37(2), . 45–50.
Alune. (2021). Getting the most out of Artemia in shrimp aquaculture. Retrieved
February 6, 2023, from thefishsite.com website:
https://thefishsite.com/articles/getting-the-most-out-of-artemia-in-shrimp-
aquaculture
Anderson, T. A. (2004). Commercial practices for the production of barramundi, Lates
calcarifer, fingerlings: An industry summary. In the Second Hatchery Feeds and
Technology Workshop, 117–120.
Anh, N. T. N., Hien, T. T. T., Mathieu, W., Hoa, N. V., & Sorgeloos, P. (2009). Effect of
fishmeal replacement with Artemia biomass as a protein source in practical diets
for the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture
Research, 40(6), 669–680.
Anh, N. T. N., Ut, V. N., Wille, M., Hoa, N. V., & Sorgeloos, P. (2010). Effect of
different forms of Artemia biomass as a food source on survival, molting and
growth rate of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(2),
e549–e558. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00796.x
Antony, J., Balasubramanian, C. P., Balamurugan, J., Sandeep, K. P., Biju, I. F., &
Vijayan, K. K. (2019). Optimisation of nursery rearing for megalopa of giant mud
crab Scylla serrata (Forskal, 1775). ICAR.
Anuraj, A., PP, S. B., Loka, J., Ignatius, B., Santhosh, B., Ramudu, K. R., …
Shirdhankar, M. M. (2021). Induced breeding and larval rearing of vermiculated
spinefoot, Siganus vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1835) in indoor conditions.
Aquaculture, 539, 736600.
Anwer, H., Mason, D., Zajitschek, S., Hesselson, D., Noble, D. W. A., Morris, M. J., …
Nakagawa, S. (2022). Intergenerational effects of overfeeding on aversive
learning in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ecology and Evolution, 12(10), e9423.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9423
Appenteng, P. (2019). Larval rearing of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in response to nutritional
and environmental variables (Doctoral dissertation). Pukyong National
University.
Arulvasu, C., Shobana, S., Banu, H. A. A., Chandhirasekar, D., & Prabhu, D. (2012).
Bioencapsulation of Artemia nauplii with herbal extract for promoting growth of
fish fry Poecilia sphenops Val. Journal of Modern Biotechnology, 1, 37–44.
Asadpour, Y. A., Seidgar, M., & Mohebbi, F. (2015). Application of shark liver oil for
Artemia enrichment and its comparison with imported selco. Int. J. Fish. Aquat.
Stud, 2, 120–124.
Asaikkutti, A., Bhavan, P. S., Vimala, K., Karthik, M., & Cheruparambath, P. (2016).
Effect of different levels dietary vitamin C on growth performance, muscle
composition, antioxidant and enzyme activity of freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. Aquaculture Reports, 3, 229–236.
Asem, A., Eimanifar, A., Rastegar-Pouyani, N., Hontoria, F., De Vos, S., Van Stappen,
G., & Sun, S.-C. (2020). An overview on the nomenclatural and phylogenetic
problems of native Asian brine shrimps of the genus Artemia Leach, 1819
(Crustacea, Anostraca). ZooKeys, 902, 1–15.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.902.34593
Ashraf, M., & Bengtson, D. (2007). Effect of tannic acid on feed intake, survival and
growth of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) larvae. International Journal of
Agriculture and Biology, 9, 751–754.
Ashraf, M., Bengtson, D., & Simpson, K. L. (2009). Formulation of semipurified diets for
striped bass, Morone saxatilis, Larvae. Journal of Nutrition, 8(10), 1680–1688.
Atashbar, B., Agh, N., & Kmerani, E. (2010). Intensive culture of Artemia urmiana in
semi-flow through system feeding on Algae Dunaliella and Wheat bran. Int. J. Of
Aquatic Science, 1(1), 3–9. Retrieved from http://www.journal-
aquaticscience.com/article_73587_ccc9c513466b37c9bb1bbaae169fa6c1.pdf
Azimirad, M., & Meshkini, S. (2017). Determination of the optimal enrichment Artemia
franciscana with a synbiotic combination of probiotics Pediococcus acidilactici
and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide. Veterinary Research Forum : An
International Quarterly Journal, 8(1), 49–54. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5413311/
Badhul Haq, M. A., Vijayasanthi, P., Vignesh, R., Shalini, R., Chakraborty, S., &
Rajaram, R. (2012). Effect of Probiotics against Marine Pathogenic Bacteria on
Artemia franciscana. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2(4), 38–43.
https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2012.2406
Bahr, A. S., Isroni, W., & Maulida, N. (2021). Hatching and harvesting techniques for
Artemia cysts with different effects of salinity in the district of Situbondo, East
Java. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 718(No. 1),
p. 012037. Retrieved from https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-
1315/718/1/012037/meta
Baiduri, N., Alitrah, N. R., Tumangger, B. S., & Al Fajar, B. (2018). Growth of Chanos
chanos with Artemia feed fortified vitamin C. IOP Conference Series: Materials
Science and Engineering, 420(1), 012081. IOP Publishing. Retrieved from IOP
Publishing.
Balachandar, S., & Rajaram, R. (2018). Influence of different diets on the growth,
survival, fecundity and proximate composition of brine shrimp Artemia
franciscana (Kellog, 1906). Aquaculture Research, 50(2), 376–389.
https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13882
Bardocz, T., Kovacs, E., Radics, F., & Sandor, Zs. (1999). Experiments for the improved
use of decapsulated Artemia cysts in intensive culture of African catfish larvae.
Journal of Fish Biology, 55(sa), 227–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-
8649.1999.tb01058.x
Bengtson, D. A., Léger, P., & Sorgeloos, P. (1991). Use of Artemia as a food source for
aquaculture. Retrieved October 18, 2021, from ResearchGate website:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/36454771_Use_of_Artemia_as_a_food_
source_for_aquaculture
Bennett Wilson, K. (2018). The fatty acid composition of enriched artemia and larvae
rearing: An overview of common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) culture.
Retrieved from
https://www.grocentre.is/static/gro/publication/490/document/Keith
%20Bennett_final%20project_2018.pdf
Bera, A., Kailasam, M., Mandal, B., Sukumaran, K., Makesh, M., Hussain, T., …
Vijayan, K. K. (2019). Effect of tank colour on foraging capacity, growth and
survival of milkfish (Chanos chanos) larvae. Aquaculture, 512, 734347.
Biokani, S., Jamili, S., Amini, S., & Sarkhosh, J. (2014). The Study of Different Foods on
Spawning Efficiency of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens). Marine Science,
4(2), 33–37.
Bosteels, T. (2021). SDG-aligned Artemia Aquaculture Workshop. NACA. Retrieved
from https://youtu.be/53gaxI3fig0?list=PLOtQIaeT-Jzm6VWeXYJRGit-
4TDTEBfDX
Britannica. (2021). Brine shrimp. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/animal/brine-shrimp
Cabanilla-Legaspi, M. I. C., Traifalgar, R. F. M., de Jesus-Ayson, E. G. T., Andrino-
Felarca, K. G. S., & Mamauag, R. E. P. (2021). Growth, metamorphosis and
survival of orange-spotted rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) larvae fed sodium iodide-
supplemented brine shrimp (Artemia sp.). Aquaculture, 536, 736443.
Cahu, C., Infante, J. Z., & Takeuchi, T. (2003). Nutritional components affecting skeletal
development in fish larvae. Aquaculture, 227(1-4), 245–258.
Camara, M. R. (2020). After the gold rush: A review of Artemia cyst production in
northeastern Brazil. Aquaculture Reports, 17, 100359.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100359
Carvalho, A. P., Araujo, L., & Santos, M. M. (2006). Rearing zebrafish (Danio rerio)
larvae without live food: evaluation of a commercial, a practical and a purified
starter diet on larval performance. Aquaculture Research, 37(11), 1107–1111.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01534.x
Chang, M. (2020). New Artemia SEP-Art Tools - INVE Aquaculture artemia. Retrieved
from INVE Aquaculture website: https://www.inveaquaculture.com/sep-art-tools-
new-artemia-innovation-drives-efficiency-in-shrimp-and-fish-hatcheries/
Charbonneau. (2012). Brine Shrimp Background Information. Retrieved from Retrieved
from https://www.sthelens.k12.or.us/cms/lib/OR01000906/Centricity/Domain/
247/Brine%20Shrimp%20Background%20for%20Questions.pdf
Chen, S. X., Yang, X. Z., Deng, Y., Huang, J., Li, Y., Sun, Q., … Hong, W. S. (2017).
Silver nanoparticles induce oocyte maturation in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Chemosphere, 170, 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.016
Chen, Y., Lin, L., Song, D., Pei, H., Dong, J., Dong, X., … Zhang, D. (2011). Effects of
L-carnitine enriched Artemia on fatty acids composition and C/N ratio in first
feeding larvae of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Journal of Northwest a & F
University-Natural Science Edition, 39(6), 31–36.
Chu, F.-L. E., & Ozkizilcik, S. (1999). Acceptability of complex microencapsulated diets
by striped bass (Morone saxatilis) larvae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology
and Ecology, 237(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0981(98)00216-0
Ciani, J. F. C. (2020). Testing Performance of Fishmeal Free Rabbitfish (Siganus
lineatus) Feed in Palau (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Miami.
Cobo, M. de L., Wouters, R., Wille, M., Sonnenholzner, S., & Sorgeloos, P. (2014).
Evaluation of frozen Umbrella-stage Artemia as first animal live food
forLitopenaeus vannamei(Boone) larvae. Aquaculture Research, 46(9), 2166–
2173. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12372
Cook, A. M., Duston, J., & Bradford, R. G. (2010). Temperature and salinity effects on
survival and growth of early life stage Shubenacadie River striped bass.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 139(3), 749–757.
Cook, M., & Rust, M. (2002). Bioencapsulated artemia show promise for therapeutant
delivery to young fish - Responsible Seafood Advocate. Retrieved from Global
Seafood Alliance website:
https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/bioencapsulated-artemia-show-promise-
for-therapeutant-delivery-to-young-fish/
Couto, M. V. S. do, Sousa, N. da C., Abe, H. A., Dias, J. A. R., Meneses, J. O., Paixão, P.
E. G., … Fujimoto, R. Y. (2018). Effects of live feed containing Panagrellus
redivivus and water depth on growth of Betta splendens larvae. Aquaculture
Research, 49(8), 2671–2675. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13727
da Silva Souza, J. G., Libeck, L. T., do Carmo Rodrigues Virote, B., Egger, R. C.,
Salgado, G., Machado, G. J., & Murgas, L. D. S. (2020). A method to analyze the
relationship between locomotor activity and feeding behaviour in larvae of Betta
splendens. Aquaculture International, 28(3), 1141–1152.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00516-1
Dabrowski, K., & Miller, M. (2018). Contested Paradigm in Raising Zebrafish (Danio
rerio). Zebrafish, 15(3), 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2017.1515
Das, P., Mandal, S. C., Bhagabati, S. K., Akhtar, M. S., & Singh, S. K. (2012). Important
live food organisms and their role in aquaculture. Frontiers in Aquaculture, 5(4),
69–86.
De Silva, G. W. H. P. N., Jayamanne, S. C., & Hewavitharana, M. (2011). Cost
Reduction of Brine Shrimp by Replacing of Low Cost Live Culture (Moina,
microworms) for Fresh Water Fish Guppy (Poecilia reticulate). Proceedings of the
Research Symposium of Uva Wellassa University.
Del Vecchio, G., Mazzei, A., Schiavone, R., Gomes, A. S., Frangelli, G., Sala, T., …
Verri, T. (2022). Rearing Conditions and Automated Feed Distribution Systems
for Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Applied Sciences, 12(21), 10961.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app122110961
Delbos, B. C., Schwarz, M. H., & Ovissipour, M. (2019). Artemia culture for intensive
finfish and crustacean larviculture. Virginia Cooperative Extension, 19–26.
Derbal, Kara, & Amarouayache. (2009). Biological data on Artemia salina
(Branchiopoda, Anostraca) from Chott Marouane (northeast Algeria).
Crustaceana, 82(8), 997–1005. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854009x452768
Dharmasiri, T. S. K., & De Silva, M. P. K. S. K. (2017). Effect of different diets on
growth and colour enhancement of red blonde variety of guppy (Poecilia
reticulata). RISTCON 2017. Retrieved from RISTCON 2017.
Dhert, P., Lavens, P., Duray, M., & Sorgeloos, P. (1990). Improved larval survival at
metamorphosis of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) using ω3-HUFA-enriched live
food. Aquaculture, 90(1), 63–74.
Dhont, J. (2019). Artemia (brine shrimp). Retrieved from In: Invasive Species
Compendium website: Retrieved from https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/103886
Dhont, J., Dierckens, K., Støttrup, J. G., & Sorgeloos, P. (2013). Rotifers, Artemia and
copepods as live feeds for fish larvae in aquaculture. Retrieved from
ResearchGate website:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285858305_Rotifers_Artemia_and_cope
pods_as_live_feeds_for_fish_larvae_in_aquaculture
Dhont, J., & Sorgeloos, P. (2002). Applications of Artemia. Artemia: Basic and Applied
Biology, 251–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0791-6_6
Dhont, J., & Van Stappen, G. (2003). Biology, Tank Production and Nutritional Value
ofArtemia. Live Feeds in Marine Aquaculture, 65–121.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470995143.ch3
Dockery, M., & Tomkins, S. (2000). Brine Shrimp Ecology. Retrieved from
https://www.sserc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/brine_shrimp_ecology.pdf
Dumitrascu, M. (2011). Artemia salina. Balneo Research Journal, 2(4), 119–122.
https://doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2011.1022
Ed-Idoko, J. O., Solomon, S. G., Annune, P. A., Ikap, S. I., Iber, B. T., & Torsabo, D.
(2021). Studies on the Growth Responses of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Progenies Raised Using Different Starter Diets. Journal of Applied Life Sciences
International, 24(7), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2021/v24i730248
Egwenomhe, M., Aliu, B. S., & Lawrence, E. (2017). Survival and growth rate of Clarias
gariepinus larvae fed with Artemia salina and Inert diet. International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology, 9–13.
Eid, A. M. S., Eldahrawy, A. A., Salama, F., El-Naby, A., & Asma, S. (2018). Growth
performance and survival of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata larvae fed rotifer
and artemia. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 21(3), 899–907.
El Ghazali, I., Saqrane, S., Carvalho, A. P., Ouahid, Y., Del Campo, F. F., Oudra, B., &
Vasconcelos, V. (2010). Effect of different microcystin profiles on toxin
 bioaccumulation in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae via Artemia nauplii.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73(5), 762–770.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.12.015
El-Sherif, M. (2009). Influence Of Using Decapsulated Artemia Cysts For Rearing Of
Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Larvae. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production,
34(5), 4533–4540. https://doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2009.117002
Emslie, S. (2003). “Artemia salina.” Retrieved from Animal Diversity Web website:
Retrieved from https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Artemia_salina/
Evolubi, O. O. C., Absalom, K., Ruma, G. A., Damshit, M., & Uja, A. I. (2016). Survival
and growth performance of Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae) fry on different diets in
aerated and unaerated nursery conditions. Int J Recent Trends Sci Technol, 1(2),
466–470.
Fabregat, T. E. H. P., Wosniak, B., Takata, R., Miranda-Filho, K. C., Fernandes, J. B. K.,
& Portella, M. C. (2017). Larviculture of Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens in
low-salinity water. Boletim Do Instituto de Pesca, 43(2), 164–171.
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017v43n2p164
FAO. (1996). Manual on the Production and Use of Live Food for Aquaculture. Retrieved
from www.fao.org website:
https://tailieu.vn/docview/tailieu/2009/20090319/anhvu/7743_manual_on_the_pro
duction_.pdf?rand=523988
Farhadian, O., Taghavi, D., Moradipour, A., & Sedaghat, R. (2013). Ingestion Rate and
Feeding Behavior of Guppy (Poecilia reticulata Peters) Larvae Fed on Nauplii of
Artemia urmiana and Artemia franciscana. Journal of Marine Science and
Technology, 11(4), 64–73.
Fermin, A. C., Bolivar, M. E. C., & Gaitan, A. (1996). Nursery rearing of the Asian sea
bass, Lates calcarifer, fry in illuminated floating net cages with different feeding
regimes and stocking densities. Aquatic Living Resources, 9(1), 43–49.
Ferreira, A. L., Schorer, M., Pedreira, M., Santos, T. G., Sampaio, E. V., & Santos, J. D.
(2017). Commercial feed and frozen Artemia nauplii for curimatã-pacu larvae in
first feeding. Boletim Do Instituto de Pesca. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marcelo-Pedreira-4/publication/
322875668_Commercial_feed_and_frozen_Artemia_nauplii_for_curimata-
pacu_larvae_in_first_feeding/links/5b85b7b3a6fdcc5f8b6e88c9/Commercial-
feed-and-frozen-Artemia-nauplii-for-curimata-pacu-larvae-in-first-feeding.pdf
Fosse, P. J., Mattos, D. C., Cardoso, L. D., Motta, J. H., Jasper, A. P. S., Radael, M. C.,
… Júnior, V. (2013). Co-feeding strategy on survival and growth of Betta
splendens larvae during weaning. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária E
Zootecnia, 65(6), 1801–1807. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352013000600030
Fowler, L. A., Williams, M. B., Dennis-Cornelius, L. N., Farmer, S., Barry, R. J., Powell,
M. L., & Watts, S. A. (2019). Influence of Commercial and Laboratory Diets on
Growth, Body Composition, and Reproduction in the Zebrafish Danio rerio.
Zebrafish, 16(6), 508–521. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1089%2Fzeb.2019.1742
Gajardo, G. M., & Beardmore, J. A. (2012). The brine shrimp Artemia: adapted to critical
life conditions. Frontiers in Physiology, 3, 185.
Gapasin, R. S. J., & Duray, M. N. (2001). Effects of DHA-enriched live food on growth,
survival and incidence of opercular deformities in milkfish (Chanos chanos).
Aquaculture, 193(1-2), 49–63.
Ghafoor, F., Maqsood, Z., & Ghafoor, A. (2020). Importance of Living Diversity: A Way
Towards a Less-expensive Aquaculture. Www.academia.edu, 8(9). Retrieved from
 https://www.academia.edu/69249070/Importance_of_Living_Diversity_A_Way_
Towards_a_Less_expensive_Aquaculture
Giarma, E., Amanetidou, E., Toufexi, A., & Touraki, M. (2017). Defense systems in
developing Artemia franciscana nauplii and their modulation by probiotic bacteria
offer protection against a Vibrio anguillarum challenge. Fish & Shellfish
Immunology, 66, 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.008
Gomes, S., Lúcia, A., Cavalcanti, C. R., Araujo, M., Medeiros, S., Batista, J., &
Mascarenhas, M. H. (2022). Oat microverm as food strategy in Betta splendens
larviculture. Research, Society and Development, 11(1), e10411124534.
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24534
Gouveia, L., Sousa, J., Marques, A., Tavares, C., & Giestas, M. (2009). Solar Pond
devices: free energy or bioreactors for Artemia biomass production? Journal of
Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 36(8), 1035–1045.
Gunarto, G., & Parenrengi, A. (2016). Crablet of mud crab Scylla olivacea production
from the different stages of larvae fed Artemia nauplii enriched using
Nannochloropsis sp. International Journal of Agriculture System, 4(2), 132–146.
Han, W. J. (1999). Development and evaluation of a coagulated egg albumin
microparticulate diet for larval culture of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium
rosenbergii and striped bass Morone saxatilis (Doctoral dissertation). Mississippi
State University, Mississippi State University.
Hawkyard, D. M. (2010). The use of wax spray beads (WSB) for iodine enrichment of
Artemia sp. for use as a live food for zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae (Masters
Thesis). Oregon State University.
Hawkyard, M., Stuart, K., Langdon, C., & Drawbridge, M. (2015). The enrichment of
rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia franciscana with taurine liposomes
and their subsequent effects on the larval development of C alifornia yellowtail ( S
eriola lalandi ). Aquaculture Nutrition, 22(4), 911–922.
https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12317
Hecht, T. (2013). A review of on-farm feed management practices for North African
catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in sub-Saharan Africa. On-Farm Feeding and Feed
Management in Aquaculture, 463–479.
Hoa, N. V., Van, N. T. H., Anh, N. T. N., Ngan, P. T. T., Toi, H. T., & Le, T. H. (2007).
ARTEMIA - Research and Application in Aquaculture. Technical book. Retrieved
from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282054397_ARTEMIA_-
_Research_and_Application_in_Aquaculture_Technical_Book_in_Vietnamese
Hughes, S. G., Lemm, C. A., & Herman, R. L. (1992). Development of a practical diet for
juvenile striped bass. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 121(6),
802–809.
Husna, W. N., Christianus, A., Cob, Z. C., Mazlan, A. G., & Simon, K. D. (2014). Effects
of salinity and water quality parameters on the breeding and larva rearing of black
molly Poecilia sphenops in laboratory condition. Aquaculture, Aquarium,
Conservation & Legislation, 7(1), 8–14.
Huỳnh, T., & Nguyễn, T. (2017). Contribution of bacteria to Artemia nutrition in
conditions of degressive algal feeding. International Journal of Scientific and
Research Publications, 7(12). Retrieved from https://www.ijsrp.org/research-
paper-1217/ijsrp-p7207.pdf
Ignatius, B. (2009). Broodstock development, breeding and larval rearing of Siganus
canaliculatus. Winter School on Recent Advances in Breeding and Larviculture of
Marine Finfish and Shellfish.
Immanuel, G. (2016). Bioencapsulation of Brine Shrimp Artemia Nauplii with Probionts
and Their Resistance Against Vibrio Pathogens. Retrieved from scialert.net
website: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jfas.2016.323.330
Immanuel, G., Palavesam, A., & Petermarian, M. (2001). Effects of Feeding Lipid
Enriched Artemia nauplii on Survival, Growth, Fatty Acids and Stress Resistance
of Postlarvae Penaeus indicus. Asian Fisheries Science, 14(4), 377–388. Retrieved
from https://www.asianfisheriessociety.org/publication/abstract.php?id=effects-
of-feeding-lipid-enriched-artemia-nauplii-on-survival-growth-fatty-acids-and-
stress-resistance-of-postlarvae-penaeus-indicus
Interaminense, J. A., Ferreira Calazans, N., do Valle, B. C., Lyra Vogeley, J., Peixoto, S.,
Soares, R., & Lima Filho, J. V. (2014). Vibrio spp. Control at Brine Shrimp,
Artemia , Hatching and Enrichment. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,
45(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12096
Islam, M. S., Kibria, M. M., & Bhuyan, S. (2019). Production of Artemia Biomass in
Indoor Culture Tank in Bangladesh. Journal of Scientific Research, 11(1), 101.
Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330072102_Production_of_Artemia_Bi
omass_in_Indoor_Culture_Tank_in_Bangladesh
Jafaryan, H., Adineh, H., & Jafaryan, S. (2013). Effect of blend of probiotic bacilli and
baker’s yeast via bioencapsulation of Artemia urmiana nauplii and
supplementation of experimental diets on growth and feeding parameters of Sazan
(Cyprinus carpio carpio L.) larvae. Aquaculture Sciences, 2(2), 35–46.
Jafaryan, H., Taati, M. M., & Jafarzadeh, M. (2011). The enhancement of growth
parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae using probiotic in rearing
tanks and feeding by various Artemia nauplii. Aquaculture, Aquarium,
Conservation & Legislation, 4(4), 511–518.
Jaikumar, M. (2012). A review on biology and aquaculture potential of rabbit fish in
Tamilnadu (Siganus canaliculatus). International Journal of Plant, Animal and
Environmental Sciences, 2(2), 57–64.
Jamali, H., Jafaryan, H., Patimar, R., Dehghan, M., Sahandi, J., & Adineh, H. (2011). The
using Artemia parthenogenetic for promoting of growth efficiency in rainbow
trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry by bioencapsulation with probiotic bacillus.
Aquaculture Europe 11.
Jamali, H., Jafaryan, H., Patimar, R., & Soltani, M. (2012). Effect of enriched Artemia
parthenogenetica nauplii with Probiotic (Bacillus spp) On Feeding Parameters and
Stress Resistance in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae. Aquaculture
Sciences, 1(1), 23–36.
Janalizadeh, E., Manoucheri, H., & Changizi, R. (2019). A comparison with Tribulus
terrestris extract fish immersion and bioincapsulation of enriched artemia on sex
reversing of fighter fish (Betta splendens). Journal of Survey in Fisheries
Sciences, 5(2), 89–97.
Javaheri-Baboli, M., Naderi, A., Mohammadi, G. H., & Kalantarhormozi, S. (2012). The
potential dried decapsulated Artemia urmiana cysts on growth and survival of
guppy fry, Poecilia reticulata. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop
Sciences, 4(18), 1391–1393.
Jelkić, D., Opačak, A., Stević, I., Ozimec, S., Jug Dujaković, J., & Safner, R. (2012).
Rearing carp larvae (Cyprinus carpio) in closed recirculatory system (RAS).
Croatian Journal of Fisheries : Ribarstvo, 70(1), 9–17. Retrieved from
https://hrcak.srce.hr/78877
Johari, S. A., Nemati, T., & Dekani, L. (2016). Study on accumulation potential of zinc
oxide nanoparticles in Artemia and its trophic transfer to Zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 25(1), 21–28.
Joosten, P. H., Aviles-Trigueros, M., Sorgeloos, P., & Rombout, J. H. W. M. (1995). Oral
vaccination of juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) and gilthead seabream (Sparus
aurata) with bioencapsulatedVibrio anguillarumbacterin. Fish & Shellfish
Immunology, 5(4), 289–299.
Kailasam, M., Thirunavukkarasu, A. R., Sundaray, J. K., Mathew, A., Subburaj, R.,
Thiagarajan, G., & Karaiyan, K. (2006). Evaluation of different feeds for nursery
rearing of Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch). Ind. J. Fish, 53, 185–190.
Kamaruddin, K., Usman, U., & Lante, S. (2015). Digestive Enzyme Activity Of Protease,
α-Amylase, And Lipase Of Rabbitfish (Siganus Guttatus) Larvae. In Prosiding
Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur, 401–407.
Kazemi, E., Agh, N., & Malekzadeh Viayeh, R. (2016). Potential of plant oils as
alternative to fish oil for live food enrichment: effects on growth, survival, body
compositions and resistance against environmental stresses in rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 15(1), 1–15.
Retrieved from http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.15622916.2016.15.1.13.7
Keke, U. N., Arimoro, F. O., Ayanwale, A. V., & Oghenemarho, I. A. (2017). Rotifer
(Brachionus Calyciflorus) could compete favourably with Artemia nauplii as
alternative starter for African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Applied Science
Research Journal, 4(2), 41–58.
Kenari, A., & Mirzakhani, M. (2005). Effects of Using Artemia urmiana Enriched with
N-3 HUFA in First Feeding of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Larvae.
Caspian J. Env. Sci, 3(2), 123–129.
Khairiman, K., Mulyani, S., & Budi, S. (2022). Pengaruh Bioenkapsulasi Vitamin C Pada
Rotifer Dan Artemia Terhadap Rasio Rna/Dna, Pertumbuhan Dan Tingkat
Kelangsungan Hidup Larva Ikan Bandeng Chanos Chanos. Journal of
Aquaculture and Environment, 4(2), 33–38.
Khaleel, R. I., & Al-Ubaydi, T. S. M. (2017). Enriched eggs and nauplii Artemia
parthenogenetic with effect of emulsion omega-3 in feeding common carp
Cyprinus carpio L. fry. Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 10(1).
Kipouros, K., Paschos, I., Gouva, E., Ergolavou, A., & Perdikaris, C. (2011).
Masculinization of the ornamental Siamese fighting fish with oral hormonal
administration. ScienceAsia, 37(3), 277. https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-
1874.2011.37.277
Kiswara, C. A., Budiharjo, A., & Sari, S. L. A. (2020). Changes in color of betta fish
(Betta splendens) by feeding of Artemia salina enriched with Tagetes erecta
flower flour. Cell Biology and Development, 4(2).
https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v040202
Kolkovski, S., Arieli, A., & Tandler, A. (1997). Visual and chemical cues stimulate
microdiet ingestion in sea bream larvae. Aquaculture International, 5, 527–536.
Koru, E., & Turkmen, G. (2010). Recent Developments On The Application Of Artemia
In The Ornamental Fish Culture. In International Symposium on Sustainable
Development, Vol 1, pp. 646-56. Retrieved from
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/153447349.pdf
Kourkouta, C., Printzi, A., Geladakis, G., Mitrizakis, N., Papandroulakis, N., &
Koumoundouros, G. (2021). Long lasting effects of early temperature exposure on
the swimming performance and skeleton development of metamorphosing
Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) larvae. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–11.
Kourkouta, C., Tsipourlianos, A., Power, D. M., Moutou, K. A., & Koumoundouros, G.
(2022). Variability of key-performance-indicators in commercial gilthead
seabream hatcheries. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 17896.
Koven, W., Kolkovski, S., Hadas, E., Gamsiz, K., & Tandler, A. (2001). Advances in the
development of microdiets for gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata: a review.
Aquaculture, 194(1-2), 107–121.
Krishnika, A., & Ramasamy, P. (2012). Effect of Water Exchange to Eliminate Vibrio sp.
During the Naupliar Development of Artemia franciscana. Journal of Fisheries
and Aquatic Science, 7(3), 205–214. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2012.205.214
Kumar, G. R., & Babu, D. E. (2015). Effect of light, temperature and salinity on the
growth of Artemia. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, 4(12).
07-14. Retrieved from 07-14.
Lavens, P., & Sorgeloos , P. (1991). Production of Artemia in Culture Tanks. Artemia
Biology, 374. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/download/44930133/Production_of_Artemia_in_cultur
e_tanks20160420-6778-104wikb.pdf
Lavens, P., & Sorgeloos, P. (2000). The history, present status and prospects of the
availability of Artemia cysts for aquaculture. Aquaculture, 181(3-4), 397–403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00233-1
Lawrence, C., Best, J., James, A., & Maloney, K. (2012). The effects of feeding
frequency on growth and reproduction in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquaculture,
368-369, 103–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.09.022
Le, T. H., Hoa, N. V., & Han, D. T. M. (2008). Study on the use of Artemia biomass in
nursing seabass (Lates calcarifer). Scientific Journal of Can Tho University, 2,
106–112.
Le, T. H., Hoa, N. V., Sorgeloos, P., & Van Stappen, G. (2018). Artemia feeds: a review
of brine shrimp production in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Reviews in
Aquaculture, 11(4), 1169–1175. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12285
Lemm, C. A., & Lemarie, D. P. (1991). Survival and growth of larval striped bass
(Morone saxatilis) fed Artemia enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids
(HUFA). Aquaculture, 99(1-2), 117–126.
Lim, L. C., Cho, Y. L., Dhert, P., Wong, C. C., Nelis, H., & Sorgeloos, P. (2002). Use of
decapsulated Artemia cysts in ornamental fish culture. Aquaculture Research,
33(8), 575–589. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00687.x
Lim, L. C., Dhert, P., Chew, W. Y., Dermaux, V., Nelis, H., & Sorgeloos, P. (2002).
Enhancement of Stress Resistance of the Guppy Poecilia reticulata through
Feeding with Vitamin C Supplement. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,
33(1), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00475.x
Lim, L. C., Dhert, P., & Sorgeloos, P. (2003). Recent developments in the application of
live feeds in the freshwater ornamental fish culture. Aquaculture, 227(1-4), 319–
331. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00512-x
Litvinenko, L., Litvinenko, A., Boyko, E., Korentovich, M., & Zenkovich, P. (2021).
Experimental studies to increase the natural resources of brine shrimp Artemia in
hyperhaline reservoirs. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental
Science, 937(2), 022073. IOP Publishing. Retrieved from IOP Publishing.
Liu, Y., Hu, J., Zhou, S., Yang, R., Qin, J. G., Ma, Z., & Yang, Q. (2018). Effect of acute
ammonia stress on antioxidant enzymes and digestive enzymes in barramundi
Lates calcarifer larvae. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 70, 20930.
Lucas, S., Southgate, P., & Tucker, C. (2019). Aquaculture: Farming Aquatic Animals
and Plants (3rd ed., p. 664). John Wiley & Sons.
Lucon-Xiccato, T., Santacà, M., Miletto Petrazzini, M. E., Agrillo, C., & Dadda, M.
(2019). Guppies, Poecilia reticulata, perceive a reversed Delboeuf illusion. Animal
Cognition, 22(3), 291–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-019-01237-6
Luo, G. Z., Yao, M. L., Tan, H. X., & Wu, W. H. (2017). The performance of microbial
flocs produced with aquaculture waste as food for Artemia. Aquaculture Nutrition,
23(6), 1440–1448. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12519
Maciel, C. R., & Valenti, W. C. (2014). Assessing the potential of partial replacing of
artemia by practical inert diet in the larviculture of the Amazon river prawn.
Boletim Do Instituto de Pesca, 69–78.
Magouz, F. I., Essa, M. A., El-Shafei, A., Mansour, A. T., Mahmoud, S., & Ashour, M.
(2021). Effect of extended feeding with live copepods, Oithona nana, and Artemia
franciscana on the growth performance, intestine histology, and economic
viability of european seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) postlarvae. Fresenius
Environ. Bull, 30, 7106–7116.
Maldonado-Montiel, T. D. N. J., & Rodríguez-Canché, L. G. (2005). Biomass production
and nutritional value of Artemia sp. (Anostraca: Artemiidae) in Campeche,
México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 53(3-4), 447–454. Retrieved from
https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-
77442005000200013
Masduki, F., Zakaria, T., Min, C. C., & Karim, M. (2018). Evaluation of Enterococcus
hirae LAB3 as potential probiont against Vibrio harveyi in Artemia nauplii and
Asian seabass larvae (Lates calcarifer) cultures. Journal of Environmental
Biology, 41, 1153–1159.
Matielo, M. D., Gonçalves, J. L. P., Pereira, S. L., Selvatici, P. D., Mendonça, P. P., &
Troina, C. A. (2019). Five different foods in initial development of Siamese
fighting fish (Betta splendens). Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation &
Legislation, 12(5), 1755–1761.
Merchie, G., Lavens, P., Radull, J., Nelis, H., De Leenheer, A., & Sorgeloos, P. (1995).
Evaluation of vitamin C-enriched Artemia nauplii for larvae of the giant
freshwater prawn. Aquaculture International, 3, 355–363.
Minya, D., Kovács, L., Homoki, D., Fehér, M., Bársony, P., & Stündl, L. (2018). Effect
of different weaning time on the growth and survival ofCommon carp (Cyprinus
carpio L.) larvae. Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, (75), 55–59.
https://doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/75/1646
Mohapatra, S., Chakraborty, T., Kumar, V., DeBoeck, G., & Mohanta, K. N. (2013).
Aquaculture and stress management: a review of probiotic intervention. Journal of
Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 97(3), 405–430.
Moqaddamfar, S., Imanpoor, M. R., Shabani, A., & Safari, R. (2021). Effect of iodine
enrichment of Artemia (Artemia franciscana) on nutritional and growth
performance, survival rate and the amount of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Journal of Aquaculture Development, 15(1), 77–
86. https://doi.org/10.52547/aqudev.15.1.77
Morretti, A. (1999). Manual on hatchery production of seabass and gilthead seabream
(Vol. 1). Food & Agriculture Org.
Motta, C., Simoniello, P., Arena, C., Capriello, T., Panzuto, R., Vitale, E., … Ferrandino,
I. (2019). Effects of four food dyes on development of three model species,
Cucumis sativus, Artemia salina and Danio rerio: Assessment of potential risk for
the environment. Environmental Pollution, 253, 1126–1135.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2019.06.018
Mousavi-Sabet, H., Eagderi, S., Moshayedi, F., & Jalili, P. (2015). The effects of
supplemental ascorbic acid and unsaturated fatty acids in enriched Artemia on
growth performance and stress resistance of sailfin molly fry, Poecilia latipinna.
Poeciliid Research, 5(1), 31–38.
Mulyani, S., Budi, S., Cahyono, I., & Khairiman, K. (2023). Effect of Vitamin C
Bioencapsulation in Natural Feed on Protein, Fat, Energy, and Mortality of
Milkfish Larvae (Chanos chanos). Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 26(2), 272–282.
Muñoz, J., Gómez, A., Green, A., Figuerola, J., Amat, F., & Rico, C. (2008).
Phylogeography and local endemism of the native Mediterranean brine shrimp
Artemia salina (Branchiopoda: Anostraca). Molecular Ecology, 17(13), 3160–
3177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03818.x
Muñoz, J., & Pacios, F. (2010). Global Biodiversity and Geographical Distribution of
Diapausing Aquatic Invertebrates: The Case of the Cosmopolitan Brine Shrimp,
Artemia (Branchiopoda, Anostraca). Crustaceana, 83(4), 465–420.A.
https://doi.org/10.1163/001121610x489449
Mura, G., Baxevanis, A. D., Lopez, G. M., Hontoria, F., Kappas, I., Moscatello, S., …
Abatzopoulos, T. J. (2005). The use of a multidisciplinary approach for the
characterization of a diploid parthenogenetic Artemia population from Torre
Colimena (Apulia, Italy). Journal of Plankton Research, 27(9), 895–907.
https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbi063
NACA. (2021). SDG-aligned Artemia Aquaculture Workshop. Retrieved October 18,
2021, from Aquaculture2020.org website: https://aquaculture2020.org/artemia/
Naegel, L. C. A., & Rodriguez-Astudillo, S. (2004). Comparison of growth and survival
of white shrimp postlarvae (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed dried Artemia biomass
versus four commercial feeds and three crustacean meals. Aquaculture
International, 12(6), 573–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-004-1024-x
Nandlal, S., & Pickering, T. (2005). Freshwater Prawn Farming in Pacific Island
Countries Vol. 1: Prawn Hatchery Operation. New Caledonia: Secretariat of the
Pacific Community, 1, 31.
Nascimento, M. D. P., Schorer, M., dos Santos, J. C. E., Rocha, M. S. A., & Pedreira, M.
M. (2019). Live and frozen Artemia nauplii for catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri
(Steindachner, 1876) larvae in different salinities. Tropical Animal Health and
Production, 52(2), 653–659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02053-3
Nath, P. R., Khozin-Goldberg, I., Cohen, Z., Boussiba, S., & Zilberg, D. (2011). Dietary
supplementation with the microalgae Parietochloris incisa increases survival and
stress resistance in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) fry. Aquaculture Nutrition, 18(2),
167–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00885.x
Nekoueifard, A., Saidgar, M., & Ghafari, H. (2021). Evaluation the effects of feeding
Poecilia reticulata by Nauplii Guard and Artemia Guard (technology of domestic
production for Artemia preservative based on plant extracts) on the breeder’s
mortality, production of breeding larvae and larval survival rates. Journal of
Ornamental Aquatics, 8(2), 1–7.
Ngupula, G. W., Shoko, A. P., Musiba, M., Ndikumana, J., & Zziwa, E. (2014).
Performance of Artemia shell-free embryos, Moina micrura and phytoplankton on
larvae of reared African catfish. African Crop Science Journal, 22(Suppl. 4), 875–
881.
Nguyen, P. V., Huang, C. T., Truong, K. H., & Hsiao, Y. J. (2019). Profitability
improvement for brine shrimp Artemia franciscana commercial farming in coastal
saltworks in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: A bioeconomic analysis. Journal of the
World Aquaculture Society, 51(4), 896–917. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12667
Nimrat, S., Boonthai, T., & Vuthiphandchai, V. (2011). Effects of probiotic forms,
compositions of and mode of probiotic administration on rearing of Pacific white
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larvae and postlarvae. Animal Feed Science and
Technology, 169(3-4), 244–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.07.003
Nuryati, S., Hadiwibowo, S. S., & Alimuddin. (2014). Artemia sp. as a DNA vaccine
vector for common carp Cyprinus carpio larvae. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia,
12(1), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.19027/jai.12.54-61
Ogata, H. Y., Chavez, D. R., Garibay, E. S., Furuita, H., & Suloma, A. (2006). Hatchery-
produced milkfish (Chanos chanos) fry should be fed docosahexaenoic acid-
enriched live food: A case of the difficulty in the transfer of improved aquaculture
technology in the Philippines. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ,
40(4), 393–402.
Ohs, C. L., D’Abramo, L. R., Buddington, R. K., Robinette, H. R., & Roethke, J. M.
(1998). Evaluation of a spray-dried artificial diet for larval culture of freshwater
prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and striped bass, Morone saxatilis.
Aquaculture Nutrition, 4(2), 73–82.
Oliveira, T. M. N., & Vaz, C. (2018). Marine toxicology. Bioassays, 387–401.
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-811861-0.00019-x
Olurin, K. B., & Oluwo, A. B. (2010). Growth and survival of African catfish (Clarias
gariepinus) larvae fed decapsulated Artemia, live Daphnia, or commercial starter
diet. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh, 62, 50–55.
Oniam, V., Wechakama, T., & Srisupavadee, A. (2008). Growth, Survival Rate and
Production Cost of Juvenile Milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forskal) Culture with
Three Different Live Feeds. Journal of Fisheries and Environment, 32(3), 9–16.
Onura, C. N., Van den Broeck, W., Nevejan, N., Muendo, P., & Van Stappen, G. (2018).
Growth performance and intestinal morphology of African catfish ( Clarias
gariepinus , Burchell, 1822) larvae fed on live and dry feeds. Aquaculture, 489,
70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.01.046
Onyemaechi, E. C., & Okaliwe, E. F. (2017). Growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus
Frys fed dried decapsulated artemia cyts DDAC and whole egg micro-
encapsulated diet WEMD. Amino Acids, 2, 4–179.
Oozkizlick, S., & Chu, F. L. E. (1994). Evaluation of omega ‐3 fatty acid enrichment of
Artemia nauplii as food for striped bass Morone saxatilis Walbaum larvae.
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 25(1), 147–154.
Ownagh , E., Agh, N., & Noori , F. (2015). Comparison of the growth, survival and
nutritional value of Artemia using various agricultural by-products and unicellular
algae Dunaliella salina. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 14(2), 358–368.
Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281728758_Comparison_of_the_growth
_survival_and_nutritional_value_of_Artemia_using_various_agricultural_by-
products_and_unicellular_algae_Dunaliella_salina
Paller, M. H., & Lewis, W. M. (1987). Effects of diet on growth depensation and
cannibalism among intensively cultured larval striped bass. The Progressive Fish-
Culturist, 49(4), 270–275.
Parameshwaran, K., Edirisinghe, U., Dematawewa, C. M. B., & Nandasena, K. G. (2001).
Effect of live and formulated feeds on larval growth and survival of guppy
(Poecilia reticulata) reared in indoor tanks. Tropical Agricultural Research, 13,
421–430.
Patel, P., Patel, M., & Tank, P. (2018). Cysts Production of Artemia franciscana in
Varying Salinity. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences Citation, 10(14),
 6709–6711. Retrieved from
https://bioinfopublication.org/files/articles/10_14_20_IJAS.pdf
Paterson, B. D., & Mann, D. L. (2011). Mud crab aquaculture.
Perera, G. C., Bhujel, R. C., Salin, K., Nguyen, L. T., Sermwatanakul, A., & Lin, O. E.
(2022). Effect of the varying inclusion levels of the egg yolk powder on growth,
stress tolerance, and pigmentation of Guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Journal of
Applied Aquaculture, 1–16.
Pham, H. D., Siddik, M. A., Rahman, M. A., Huynh, L. T., Nahar, A., & Vatsos, I. N.
(2023). Effects of n-3 HUFA-enriched Artemia on growth, biochemical response,
skeletal morphology and stress resistance of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer)
larvae reared at high temperature. Aquaculture, 739732.
Planas, M., Silva, C., Quintas, P., Chamorro, A., & Piñero, S. (2016). Ongrowing and
enhancement of n-3 HUFA profile in adult Artemia: short- vs long-time
enrichment. Journal of Applied Phycology, 29(3), 1409–1420.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-1016-z
Printzi, A., Kourkouta, C., Fragkoulis, S., Dimitriadi, A., Geladakis, G., Orfanakis, M., …
Koumoundouros, G. (2021). Balancing between Artemia and microdiet usage for
normal skeletal development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Journal of Fish Diseases,
44(11), 1689–1696. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13487
Putra, D. F., Trisyahdar, T. N., Dewiyanti , I., & Muhammadar, A. A. (2018). Effect of
enhanced Artemia with gamat emulsion on growth performance and survival rate
of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei larvae . IOP Conference Series: Earth and
Environmental Science, 216(1), 012005. IOP Publishing. Retrieved from
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/216/1/012005/pdf
Qiu, S. (2020). Reducing cannibalism among larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis):
effect of rearing density and Artemia prey abundance. (Master’s Thesis).
Dalhousie University.
Rabbane, Md. G., Ali, Md. Y., Zahid, Md. A., & Hossain, J. (2020). Diet Effects on
Growth, Mortality, RNA: DNA Ratio and Gene Expression of Zebrafish Danio
rerio. Genetics of Aquatic Organisms, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.4194/2459-1831-
v4_1_02
Rachmansyah, U., Lante, S., & Ahmad, T. (2007). Rabbitfish Siganus guttatus breeding
and larval rearing trial. Aquaculture Asia, 12(3), 39–40.
Radhakrishnan, S., Seenivasan, C., & Muralisankar, T. (2015). Effect of dietary
replacement of fishmeal with Chlorella vulgaris on growth performance, energy
utilization and digestive enzymes in Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 7(5), 62–70.
Rahman, M. M., Hoa, N., & Sorgeloos, P. (2022). Handbook for Artemia Pond Culture in
Bangladesh. In digitalarchive.worldfishcenter.org. WorldFish (WF). Retrieved
from https://digitalarchive.worldfishcenter.org/handle/20.500.12348/5374
Rahmani, R., Mansouri, B., Johari, S. A., Azadi, N., Davari, B., Asghari, S., & Dekani, L.
(2016). Trophic transfer potential of silver nanoparticles from Artemia salina to
Danio rerio. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 9(1), 100–104.
Raja, K., Aanand, P., Padmavathy, S., & Sampathkumar, J. S. (2019). Present and future
market trends of Indian ornamental fish sector. Int J Fish Aquat Stud, 7(2), 6–15.
Randazzo, B., Abbate, F., Marino, F., Mancuso, M., Guerrera, M. C., Muglia, U., …
Germanà, A. (2015). Induction of mild enterocolitis in zebrafish Danio rerio via
ingestion of Vibrio anguillarum serovar O1. Dis Aquat Org, 115(1), 47–55.
https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02864
Rao, N. (2021). Status of Artemia cyst use in fish and crustacean hatcheries [Webinar].
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/live/6cI9Sbblfyg?feature=share
Rasdi, N. W., Ramlee, A., Abol-Munafi, A. B., Ikhwanuddin, M., Azani, N., Yuslan, A.,
… Arshad, A. (2020). The effect of enriched Cladocera on growth, survivability
and body coloration of Siamese fighting fish. Journal of Environmental Biology,
41(5(SI)), 1257–1263. https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/5(si)/ms_18
Rocha, F., Dias, J., Geurden, I., Dinis, M. T., Panserat, S., & Engrola, S. (2016). High-
glucose feeding of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae: effects on molecular
and metabolic pathways. Aquaculture, 451, 241–253.
Ruscoe, I. M., Williams, G. R., & Shelley, C. C. (2004). Limiting the use of rotifers to the
first zoeal stage in mud crab (Scylla serrata Forskål) larval rearing. Aquaculture,
231(1-4), 517–527.
Sahandi, J., Jafariyan, H., Dehghan, M., Adineh, H., & Shohreh, P. (2012). Direct
inoculation of Bacillus to rearing fish tanks effecton growth performance of two
carp species fed with Artemia sp. World Applied Sciences Journal, 20(5), 687–
690.
Sahin, T., Turkmen, G., & Emiroglu, D. I. (2012). The Effects of Different Feeding
Programmes on Growth and Survival Rates of New-born Guppy (Poecilia
reticulata PETERS, 1859). In Proceedings of the International Symposium on
Sustainable Development, 25–30.
Salam, N., Chadijah, A., Rahmi, & Wahyu, F. (2021). Masculinization of betta fish (Betta
sp.) using cow testic flour through Artemia Immersion. Akuatikisle: Jurnal
Akuakultur, Pesisir Dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, 5(2), 45–48.
https://doi.org/10.29239/j.akuatikisle.5.2.45-48
Sales, J. (2011). First feeding of freshwater fish larvae with live feed versus compound
diets: a meta-analysis. Aquaculture International, 19, 1217–1228.
Samat, N. A., Yusoff, F. M., Rasdi, N. W., & Karim, M. (2020). Enhancement of Live
Food Nutritional Status with Essential Nutrients for Improving Aquatic Animal
Health: A Review. Animals, 10(12), 2457. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122457
Sandamali, L., Kumudu, R., & Sajani, R. M. (2018). Effect of feeding herbal enriched
Artemia on the growth performance and stress resistance of guppy fry (Poecilia
reticulata). Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of
Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. p22.
Sándor, Z. J., Papp, Z. B., Ardó, L., Biro, J. N., & Jeney, G. (2017). Effectiveness of
dietary vitamin supplementation to the performance of common carp (Cyprinus
carpio L.) larvae in intensive rearing condition. Aquaculture Research, 49(2),
738–747. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13504
Seenivasan, C., Bhavan, P. S., Radhakrishnan, S., & Shanthi, R. (2012). Enrichment of
Artemia nauplii with Lactobacillus sporogenes for enhancing the survival, growth
and levels of biochemical constituents in the post-larvae of the freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,
12(1).
Shalaby, A., Saleh, O., Wahab, A., & Al-Tantawy, M. (2016). Studies on the Bacterial
Causes and Problems Facing Artificial Spawning of Artemia. Retrieved from
www.semanticscholar.org website:
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Studies-on-the-Bacterial-Causes-and-
Problems-Facing-Shalaby-Saleh/a47415e64feb2bfabf8ffa48a50994e5027ef586
Silva, R. F., Valentin, F. N., Paes, M. C. F., Faustino, F., Giannecchini, L. G., Viadanna,
P. H. O., … Nakaghi, L. S. (2016). Development of the digestive tract in first
 feeding larvae of Betta splendens, Regan, 1910. Journal of Applied Ichthyology,
32(5), 840–847. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13127
Sirimanna, S. R., & Dissanayaka, C. (2019). Effects of culture conditions on growth and
survival of Poecilia sphenops and Poecilia reticulata. International Journal of
Aquatic Biology, 7(4), 202–210. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijab.v7i4.570
Snega Priya, P., Ashwitha, A., Thamizharasan, K., Harishkumar, M., Dinesh, S., Nithya,
T. G., & Kamaraj, M. (2021). Synergistic effect of durian fruit rind polysaccharide
gel encapsulated prebiotic and probiotic dietary supplements on growth
performance, immune-related gene expression, and disease resistance in Zebrafish
(Danio rerio). Heliyon, 7(4), e06669.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06669
Sorgeloos, P. (2016). Artemia as Natural Fish Feed by Prof. Emiritus Patrick Sorgeloos.
Retrieved October 18, 2021, from www.youtube.com website:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9e-YrGOHV-8
Sorgeloos, P. (2021). SDG-aligned Artemia Workshop [Webinar]. Retrieved October 18,
2021, from www.youtube.com website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=53gaxI3fig0&list=PLOtQIaeT-Jzm6VWeXYJRGit-4TDTEBfDX&index=9
Sorgeloos, P., & Kulasekarapandian, S. (1984). Production and use of Artemia in
aquaculture. CMFRI Special Publication, 15, 1–73. Retrieved from
http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/3135/
Sorgeloos, P., Lavens, P., Leger, P., & Tackaert, W. (1993). The use of Artemia in marine
fish larviculture. In TML Conference Proceedings, 3, 73–86.
Srichanun, M., Tantikitti, C., Utarabhand, P., & Kortner, T. M. (2013). Gene expression
and activity of digestive enzymes during the larval development of Asian seabass
(Lates calcarifer). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 165(1), 1–9.
Sserwadda, M., Kagambe, E., & Van Stappen, G. (2018). The brine shrimp Artemia
survives in diluted water of Lake Bunyampaka, an inland saline lake in Uganda.
Water, 10(2), 189.
Suprayudi, M. A., Takeuchi, T., & Hamasaki, K. (2004). Effects of Artemia enriched
with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on survival and occurrence of
molting failure in megalop larvae of the mud crab Scylla serrata. Fisheries
Science, 70(4), 650–658.
Syafaat, M. N., Azra, M. N., Waiho, K., Fazhan, H., Abol-Munafi, A., Ishak, S. D., &
Ikhwanuddin, M. (2021). A review of the nursery culture of mud crabs, genus
Scylla: current progress and future directions. Animals, 11(7), 2034.
Taib, M. (2022a). The effect of enriched Artemia sp. on growth, nutritional composition,
and survival performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn).
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 26(3), 625–635.
Taib, M. (2022b). The effect of enriched Artemia sp. on growth, nutritional composition,
and survival performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn).
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 26(3), 625–635.
Tamaru, C., Ako, H., & Paguirigan, R. (2000). Enrichment or artemia for use in
freshwater ornamental fish production. Center for Tropical and Subtropical
Aquaculture. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253443482_Enrichment_or_artemia_for
_use_in_freshwater_ornamental_fish_production
Tamtin, M. (2021). Status of Artemia cyst use in fish and crustacean hatcheries
[Webinar]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/live/6cI9Sbblfyg?
feature=share
Thammasorn, T., Somchai, P., Laosutthipong, C., Jitrakorn, S., Wongtripop, S.,
Thitamadee, S., … Saksmerprome, V. (2013). Therapeutic effect of Artemia
enriched with Escherichia coli expressing double-stranded RNA in the black tiger
shrimp Penaeus monodon. Antiviral Research, 100(1), 202–206.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.005
Tillner, R., Assheuer, T., Rennert, B., Trubiroha, A., Clemmesen, C., & Wuertz, S.
(2015). Evaluation of an improved RNA/DNA quantification method in a
common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758) larval feeding trial with Artemia ,
two nematodes (Panagrellus redivivus Linnaeus 1758, Panagrolaimus sp. Fuchs
1930) and dry feed. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 31(3), 466–473.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12715
Tkavc, R., Ausec, L., Oren, A., & Gunde-Cimerman, N. (2011). Bacteria associated with
Artemia spp. along the salinity gradient of the solar salterns at Eilat (Israel).
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 77(2), 310–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-
6941.2011.01112.x
Toi, H. T., Boeckx, P., Sorgeloos, P., Bossier, P., & Van Stappen, G. (2013). Bacteria
contribute to Artemia nutrition in algae-limited conditions: A laboratory study.
Aquaculture, 388-391, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.01.005
Treece, G. D. (2000). Artemia production for marine larval fish culture. In agris.fao.org
(Vol. 702). Stoneville, Mississippi: SRAC Publication. Retrieved from
https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201300097626
Tsai, C. F. (1991). Prey density requirements of the striped bass, Morone saxatilis
(Walbaum), larvae. Estuaries, 14, 207–217.
Tye, M., Rider, D., Duffy, E. A., Seubert, A., Lothert, B., & Schimmenti, L. A. (2015).
Nonhatching Decapsulated Artemia Cysts As a Replacement to Artemia Nauplii
in Juvenile and Adult Zebrafish Culture. Zebrafish, 12(6), 457–461.
https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2014.1031
Ukwe, I. O. K. (2018). Comparative performance of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
fed artificial and live feeds. Int. J. Poultry. Fish. Sci, 2(1), 1–5.
Uribe, E. A., Archundia, M. P. F., & Luna-Figueroa, J. (2018). The Effect of Live Food
on the Coloration and Growth in Guppy Fish, Poecilia reticulata. Agricultural
Sciences, 09(02), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2018.92013
Valentin, F. N., do Nascimento, N. F., da Silva, R. C., Fernandes, J. B., Giannecchini, L.
G., & Nakaghi, L. S. (2015). Early development of Betta splendens under
stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Zygote, 23(2), 247–256.
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0967199413000488
Van Bao Duy, L. (2017). Live food and use of probiotics in rabbit fish (Siganus guttatus
Bloch, 1787) larviculture (Doctoral dissertation). Ghent University.
Van Stappen, G. (1996). Introduction, biology and ecology of Artemia. Retrieved from
www.fao.org website: https://www.fao.org/3/w3732e/w3732e0m.htm
Van, N. T. H., & Toi, H. T. (2019). Use of Seasalt for Artemia Biomass Culture In
Corporation With Biofloc Technology. Retrieved from www.ijsrp.org website:
https://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0119/ijsrp-p8524.pdf
VandKhanghah, M. M., Hedayati, A., Nazeri, S., Azarm, H. M., & Ghorbani, R. (2021).
Biomagnification of Copper Along the Aquatic Food Chain (Artemia franciscana,
Danio rerio, and Astronotus ocellatus). Biological Trace Element Research,
200(4), 1854–1860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02781-4
Vanhaecke, P., Vrieze, L. D., Tackaert, W., & Sorgeloos, P. (1990). The Use of
Decapsulated Cysts of the Brine Shrimp Artemia as Direct Food for Carp
 Cyprinus carpio L. Larvae. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 21(4), 257–
262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1990.tb00537.x
Veeramani, T., Santhanam, P., Manickam, N., & Rajthilak, C. (2018). Introduction to
Artemia Culture. Basic and Applied Zooplankton Biology, 209–224.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7953-5_7
Verschuere, L., Heang, H., Criel, G., Sorgeloos, P., & Verstraete, W. (2000). Selected
bacterial strains protect Artemia spp. from the pathogenic effects of Vibrio
proteolyticus CW8T2. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(3), 1139–
1146. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.3.1139-1146.2000
Versichele, D., & Sorgeloos, P. (1980). Controlled production of Artemia cysts in batch
cultures. The brine shrimp Artemia, 3, 231-246. Retrieved from
https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/128051.pdf
Vos, J., & De la Rosa, N. (1980). MANUAL ON ARTEMIA PRODUCTION IN SALT
PONDS IN THE PHILIPPINES. Retrieved from FAO website:
https://www.fao.org/3/AC062E/AC062E00.htm
Watson, C. A., DiMaggio, M., Hill, J. E., Tuckett, Q. M., & Yanong, R. P. (2019).
Evolution, culture, and Care for Betta splendens: FA212, 3/2019. Gainesville:
EDIS, 1–5.
Webster, C. D., & Lovell, R. T. (1990). Response of striped bass larvae fed brine shrimp
from different sources containing different fatty acid compositions. Aquaculture,
90(1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(90)90282-r
Wouters, R., Lavens, P., Nieto, J., & Sorgeloos, P. (2001). Penaeid shrimp broodstock
nutrition: an updated review on research and development. Aquaculture, 202(1-2),
1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00570-1
Wright, J. (2017). Artemia, the “magic powder” fueling a multi-billion-dollar industry -
Responsible Seafood Advocate. Retrieved , from Global Seafood Alliance
website: https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/artemia-the-magic-powder-
fueling-a-multi-billion-dollar-industry/
Yao, M., Luo, G., Tan, H., Fan, L., & Meng, H. (2018). Performance of feeding Artemia
with bioflocs derived from two types of fish solid waste. Aquaculture and
Fisheries, 3(6), 246–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2018.07.002
Zaibel, I., Appelbaum, Y., Arnon, S., Britzi, M., Schwartsburd, F., Snyder, S., & Zilberg,
D. (2019). The effect of tertiary treated wastewater on fish growth and health:
Laboratory-scale experiment with Poecilia reticulata (guppy). PLOS ONE, 14(6),
e0217927. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217927
Zakaria, Z. H., Yaminudin, N. J. M., Yasin, I. S. M., Ikhsan, N. F. M., & Karim, M. M.
A. (2019). Evaluation of Enterobacter sp. Strain G87 as Potential Probiont against
Vibrio harveyi Infection in Artemia Nauplii and Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Larvae. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 42(4).
Zarei Shamsabadi, R., Esmaeili Fereidouni, A., & Masoudi Asil, S. (2022). Comparative
effects of the arachidonic acid enrichment of the concentrated food and live feed
on growth rate and reproductive indices in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Aquatic Animals
Nutrition, 8(1), 67–79.
Zarei, A. (2013). Artemia, a New Source of Animal Protein Ingredient in Poultry
Nutrition. Biomass Now - Sustainable Growth and Use.
https://doi.org/10.5772/53610
Ziaei-nejad , S., Shojaei, S. S., & Amini Chermahini , M. (2020). Effects of enriched
artemia with selenium nanoparticles on growth, survival and biochemical factors
of guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 19(5), 2593–
2607. Retrieved from http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.15622916.2020.19.5.37.7
Zmora, O., & Shpigel, M. (2006). Intensive mass production of Artemia in a recirculated
system. Aquaculture, 255(1-4), 488–494.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.01.018
Zoupa, M., Zwart, E. P., Gremmer, E. R., Nugraha, A., Compeer, S., Slob, W., & van der
Ven, L. T. M. (2020). Dose addition in chemical mixtures inducing craniofacial
malformations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Food and Chemical
Toxicology, 137, 111117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111117