IQRA COLLEGE OF NURSING SCIENCES-DUTSE, JIGAWA STATE

MENTAL HEALTH NURSING LECTURE NOTE FOR SET 1 STUDENTS

PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS
Definition:
Psychosomatic disorders refer to physical illnesses or conditions that have a significant
psychological component, where emotional or mental factors contribute to the onset,
exacerbation, or maintenance of physical symptoms. These disorders highlight the intricate
connection between the mind and body, emphasizing the impact of psychological factors on
overall health.
Essential Elements for Developing Psychosomatic Illnesses:
Various factors contribute to the development of psychosomatic disorders, including;
 Chronic stress
 Unresolved emotional conflicts
 Personality traits
 Genetic predisposition.
The mind-body connection plays a crucial role, and individuals with certain psychological
vulnerabilities may be more prone to manifesting physical symptoms in response to stress.
Examples of psychosomatic disorders
Psychosomatic disorders can manifest with a wide range of physical symptoms affecting
different organ systems. Common manifestations include;
Gastrointestinal issues influenced by stress and emotional factors
 PUD, Irritable vowel syndrome
Non-cardiac Chest Pain:
 - Chest pain without evidence of heart-related issues.
 - Emotional stress and anxiety often play a role in the development and exacerbation of
symptoms.
Psychogenic Seizures (Functional Neurological Disorder):
 - Seizure-like episodes without a clear neurological cause.
 - Often triggered by emotional stress or trauma.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS):
 - Persistent and unexplained fatigue that significantly impairs daily functioning.
 - Emotional factors, stress, and viral infections are among the potential triggers.
Psychogenic Pain Disorders:
  - Chronic pain with no clear medical cause.
 - Pain perception influenced by psychological factors, often leading to disability.
Globus Pharyngeus:
 - Feeling of a lump or foreign body in the throat without a physical cause.
 - Often related to stress or anxiety.
NB: Symptoms often lack a clear medical explanation and may fluctuate in intensity.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosing psychosomatic disorders involves a comprehensive assessment of both physical and
psychological aspects. Medical tests are conducted to rule out organic causes, while a thorough
psychiatric evaluation explores underlying emotional or psychological contributors.
Collaboration between medical and mental health professionals is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment for psychosomatic disorders typically involves a multidisciplinary approach.
 Psychotherapy, especially cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can help address
underlying psychological factors.
 Medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms
 Stress-reduction techniques
 Lifestyle changes, and
 Support groups can be beneficial.
Complications
Untreated or poorly managed psychosomatic disorders can lead to persistent physical symptoms,
reduced quality of life, and functional impairment.
Additionally, the chronic interplay between psychological and physical factors may contribute to
the development or exacerbation of other mental health conditions, emphasizing the importance
of comprehensive and integrated care.