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THE SEVEN PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION

PHILOSOPHY WHY TEACH WHAT TO TEACH HOW TO TEACH


1. Essentialism  This philosophy contends that  The emphasis is on the  Essentialist teachers emphasize
teachers teach for learners to academic content for students the mastery of the subject
acquire basic knowledge, skills to learn the basic skills and matter.
and values. fundamental r’s – reading,  They are expected to b e
‘riting, ‘rithmetic and right intellectual and moral models
conduct. of their students.
 The teachers and administrators  They are seen as “fountain of
decide what is most important knowledge” and as “paragon of
for the students to learn. virtue”.
2. Progressivism  Progressivist teachers teach to  The progressivists are  Progressivist teachers employ
develop learners into becoming identified with need-based and experiential methods.
enlightened and intelligent relevant curriculum.
citizens of a democratic  The curriculum should respond
society. to students’ needs and that
relates to students’ personal
lives and experiences.
3. Perennialism  To develop the students’  The perennialist curriculum is a  The perennialist classrooms are
rational and moral powers. universal one on that all human “centered around teachers”.
beings possess the same  The students do not allow the
essential nature. students’ interests and
 It is not a specialist curriculum experiences to substantially
but rather a general one. dictate what they teach.
4. Existentialism  To help students understand  In an existentialist curriculum,  Existentialist methods focus on
and appreciate themselves as students are given a wide the individual.
unique individuals who accept variety way of options from  They help students know
complete responsibility for which to choose. themselves and their place in
their thoughts, feelings and  Provide students with vicarious society.
actions. experiences that will help
 To help students to define their unleash their own creativity
own essence by exposing them and self-expression.
to various paths they take in
life.
5. Behaviorism  Behaviorist schools are  Behaviorist teachers teach  Behaviorist teachers ought to
concerened with the students to respond favorably arrange environmental
modification and shaping of to various stimuli in the conditions so that students can
students’ behavior by providing environment. make the responses to stimuli.
for a favorable environment.  Teachers ought to make the
stimuli clear and interesting to
capture and hold the learners’
attention.
 They ought to provide
appropriate incentives to
reinforce positive responses
and weaken eliminate the
negative ones.
6. Linguistic Philosophy  To develop the communication  Learner should be taught to  Experiential is the most
skills of the learner. communicate clearly – how to effective way to teach language
 To develop in the learner the send clear, concise messages and communication.
skill to send messages clearly and how to receive and  The teacher facilitates dialogue
and receive messages correctly. correctly understand messages among learners and between
sent. his/her students.
 Communication takes place in
three (3) ways – verbal, non-
verbal and paraverbal.
7. Constructivism  To develop intrinsically  The students are taught how to  The teachers provide students
motivated and independent learn. with data or experiences that
learners adequately equipped  They are taught learning allow them to hypothesize,
with learning skills for them to processes and skills such as predict, manipulate objects,
construct knowledge and make searching, critiquing and pose questions, research,
meaning of them. evaluating information. investigate, imagine and invent.

Prepared by:

Euphemia Abigael Bas


BSCS

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