Visvesvaraya Technological University

BELGA UM , KARNATAKA

DBMS MINI PROJECT REPORT ON

“ ”
SYSTEM”
Mini Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the
th
Requirement for the 5 semester of

Computer Science and Engineering.

Submitted by:
Name USN
DWANI GOWDA H S 4JN21CS049
GURUKIRAN K A 4JN21CS054
HONGIRANA M 4JN21CS057
JEEVAN S GOWDA 4JN21CS061

Under the guidance of

Dr. Sankhya N Nayak B.E., M.Tech,Ph.D Mr. Sathyanarayan S B.E., M.Tech

.
Asst. Prof., Dept. of CS&E Asst. Prof., Dept. of CS&E
JNNCE, SHIMOGA JNNCE, SHIMOGA

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

J N N College of Engineering
Shivamogga - 577 204
MARCH 2024
 National Educational Society ®

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the mini project report entitled
“Railway Reservation System ”
Submitted by:

Name USN
DWANI GOWDA H S 4JN21CS049
GURUKIRAN K A 4JN21CS054
HONGIRANA M 4JN21CS057
JEEVAN S GOWDA 4JN21CS061

Students of 5th semester B.E, CSE in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for
award of degree of the Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering of
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during the year 2023-2024.
Signature of Guide

Mr./Mrs. your guide’s name, B.E,,M.Tech Mr./Mrs. guide’s name, B.E,,M.Tech

Asst. Prof., Dept of CS&E. Asst.Prof , Dept of CS&E.

Signature of HOD

Dr. Jalesh Kumar Mtech Ph.D

Professor & HOD, Dept of CS&E.

Signature of Examiners

Examiner 1: Examiner 2:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any
task would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose
constant guidance and encouragement crowned the efforts with success.

It gives us great pleasure in placing on record a deep sense of gratitude to our

guide Mr. S Sathyanarayana, Assistance Professor, Dept. of CS&E, for his guidance,
initiative and encouragement that led us through the project work.

We would like to thank Dr. Jalesh Kumar, Professor and Head, Dept. of CS&E.
We would also like to thank Dr. Y Vijaya Kumar, Principal JNNCE, Shivamogga for
their support and encouragement.

Finally, we also would like to thank the whole teaching and non-teaching staff
of Computer Science and Engineering Dept., our respective parents, friends and well-
wishers.

DWANI GOWDA H S 4JN21CS049

GURUKIRAN K A 4JN21CS054
HONGIRANA M 4JN21CS057
JEEVAN S GOWDA 4JN21CS061
 ABSTRACT

This abstract presents a concise overview of a project aimed at modernizing railway

reservation systems through an efficient database management approach.

Railway reservation systems are essential for smooth travel logistics. This project proposes a
streamlined system using a robust database to manage passenger information, train schedules,
and bookings.

The system architecture will utilize relational databases for data storage, ensuring accuracy
and efficiency in booking processes.

Anticipated benefits include improved booking speed, reduced errors, and enhanced
passenger satisfaction.

In summary, this project offers a simple yet effective solution for modernizing railway
reservations through advanced database management
 CONTENTS

Chapter No. Title Page No.

1. Introduction
1.1 Overview of DBMS
1.2 History
1.3Applications of DBMS
1.4 Problem Statement
1.5 Objectives of the project
1.6 Organization of the report
Summary
2. Requirement analysis and design
2.1 Basic Definition
2.2 Advantages
2.3 Requirement Analysis
2.4 Development Tools and Technologies
2.5 Software and Hardware Requirement
Summary
3. Design and Implementation
3.1 ER Diagram
3.2 Schema Diagram
3.3 Pseudocode
3.3.1 Database connection
3.3.2 Insert query
3.3.3 Select query
3.3.4 Update query
Summary
Chapter No. Title Page No.
4. Snapshots Of DBMS Mini Project
4.1 Home page
4.2 Sign-up page
4.3 Admin Login page
4.4 Admin find train page
4.5 Admin booking reservation page
4.6 Admin booking history page

5. Backend database
6. Conclusion
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Future scope of the project
6.3 Reference/Bibliography

List of Tables

SI No. Table No. Title Page No.

1 2.1 General Requirement for Server/Client

 List of Figures
SI No. Figure No. Title Page No.
1 3.1 ER Diagram of Hostel database
2 3.2 Schema diagram
3 3.3 Queries

4 3.3.1 Connection query

5 3.3.2 Insert query
6 3.3.3 Select query
7 3.3.4 Update query
8 4.1 Home page
9 4.2 SignUp page
10 4.3 Admin Login Page
11 4.4 Admin Booking history

12 5.1 Structure of User info

13 5.2 Structure of train list

14 5.3 Structure of Seats
15 5.4 Structure of inter list

16 5.5 Structure of booking

 CHAPTER 1

Introduction

1.1 Overview of DBMS

1.2 History

1.3Applications of DBMS

1.4 Problem Statement

1.5 Objectives of the project

1.6 Organization of the report

Summary
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview of DBMS

A Database management system or DBMS is a software designed to assist in managing and

utilizing large collection in data, and the need of such system, as well as their use, is growing
rapidly. The Alternative to using a DBMS is used to hoc approaches that do not carry over from
one application to another.

The area of the Database Management system is microcosm of computer science in general.
The issues addressed and the technique used to span a wide spectrum, including languages,
object orientation and other programming paradigm, compilation, operating system, concurrent
programming ,data structures, algorithms, theory, parallel and distributed systems user
interface, expert systems and artificial intelligence, statistical techniques, and dynamic
programming.

1.2 History

From the earliest days of computers, storing and manipulating data have been a major
application focus. The first general purpose DBMS was designed by Charles Bachman at
General Electric in the early 1960s was
called The Integrated Data Store. It formed the basis for the network data model, which was
standardized by the Conferences on Data Systems Languages(CODASYL) and strongly
influenced database systems through the 1960s.Bachman was the first recipient of ACM’s
Turing Award(the computer science equivalent of a Nobel prize) for work in the database Area;
he receives the award in 1973.

In the late 1960’s IBM developed the Information Management System (IMS)
DBMS, used even today in many major installations. IMS form, the basis for an alternative
data representation framework called the hierarchical data model. The SABRE system for
making airlines reservation was jointly developed by American Airlines and IBM around the
same time, and it allowed several people to access the same data through.

An interesting phenomenon is the emergence of several enterprise resource planning (ERP) and
management resources planning(MRP) packages ,which add a substantial layer of application
–oriented features on top of a DBMS .widely used packages include systems from Bann, Oracle,
people Soft , SAP and Siebal.
1.3 Applications of DBMS

Nowadays DBMS are used in almost all the areas ranges from science, engineering, medicine,
business, industry, government, art, entertainment, education and training.

DBMS in the field of Library Management System

There are thousands of books in the library so it is very difficult to keep records of all the books
in a copy or register. DBMS is used to maintain all the information related to book issue date,
name of book, author and availability of book.

DBMS in the field of Banking

Another major application is the banks. Thousands of transactions through daily can do this
without going bank. To manage such huge transactions is just because of DBMS that manages
bank transactions.

DBMS in the field of universities and colleges

Examinations are done online today and universities and colleges maintain all these records
through DBMS. Student’s registrations details, results, courses and grades all the information
are stored in database.

DBMS in the field of Telecommunications

Any telecommunication company cannot even think about their business without
DBMS.DBMS is required for these companies to store the call details and monthly postpaid
bills.

DBMS in the field of Online Shopping

Online shopping has become a big trend of these days. No one wants to go to shops and to
waste his time. Everyone wants to shop from home. So all these products are added and sold
only with the help of DBMS. Purchase information, invoice and payment all these are done
with the help of DB.

DBMS in the field of Military

Military keeps records of millions of soldiers and it has millions of files that should be keep
secured and safe. As DBMS provides a big security assurance to military information so it is
widely used in militaries. One can easily search for all the information about anyone within
seconds with the help of DBMS.

1.4 Problem Statement

The railway reservation system aims to provide an efficient and user-friendly

platform for passengers to book train tickets, check train schedules, and manage

reservations. The system should cater to the needs of both passengers and railway

administrators, ensuring smooth operations and reliable service.

1.5 Objectives of the project

1. To make it easier for data collection, storage and referencing reliable.
2. To maintain the students as hostellers and waiting list students separately.
3. To process allotment list.

1.6 Organization of the report

This section means Chapter 1 deals with the Introduction and organization of the project report.
Chapter 2 discusses the Specific to the problem-Requirement Analysis-Design. Chapter 3
discusses the Design and Implementation and languages used to make this project Chapter 4
gives information about the snapshot and results Chapter 5 include conclusion and future scope
and gives the references of the project.

Summary

This chapter covers the basic things of the project. In this chapter we gone through the
overview of the database management system, history of the database management and
the applications of it.
In this section we also saw the problem statement of our project through that we can
understand the goal of the project and we also see the objectives of the project mainly it
will focus on the subject and the project understanding.
 Chapter 2

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

2.1 Basic Definition

2.2 Advantages

2.3 Requirement Analysis

2.4 Development Tools and Technologies

2.5 Software and Hardware Requirement

Summary
 Chapter 2

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

In this chapter you have to provide the requirements for the development of the project, from
the requirements you should give a high level system design, software requirements, etc.

2.1 Basic Definition:

A railway reservation system is a computerized platform designed to facilitate the

booking and management of train tickets for passengers.

2.2 Advantages:

• Convenience: Easy booking and management of tickets anytime, anywhere.

• Real-time Information: Up-to-date details on schedules, availability, and fares.
• Efficient Seat Management: Optimized allocation for better train occupancy.

2.3 Requirement Analysis

In this part we have provided the requirements for the development of the project, from the
requirements you should give a high level system design, software requirements, etc.

2.4 Development Tools and Technologies

Front End
HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT (ANGULAR)
Why HTML?
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is used to design web pages using a
markup language. HTML is a combination of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext
defines the link between web pages. A markup language is used to define the text document
within the tag which defines the structure of web pages. This language is used to annotate
(make notes for the computer) text so that a machine can understand it and manipulate text
accordingly. Most markup languages (e.g. HTML) are human-readable. The language uses
tags to define what manipulation has to be done on the text.
Features of HTML

➢ It is easy to learn and easy to use.

➢ It is platform-independent.
➢ Images, videos, and audio can be added to a web page.
➢ Hypertext can be added to the text.
Advantages of HTML

➢ HTML is used to build websites.

➢ It is supported by all browsers.
➢ It can be integrated with other languages like CSS, JavaScript, etc.

Disadvantages of HTML

➢ HTML can only create static web pages. For dynamic web pages, other languages have to
be used.
➢ A large amount of code has to be written to create a simple web page.
➢ The security feature is not good.

BACK END

MYSQL WITH NODEJS

Why MYSQL Access?

MySQL is the world’s most popular open source database. According to DB-Engines,
MySQL ranks as the second-most-popular database, behind Oracle Database.
MySQL powers many of the most accessed applications, including Facebook, Twitter, Netflix,
Uber, Airbnb, Shopify, and Booking.com. Easy to use and easy to deploy.
Databases are the essential data repository for all software applications. For example, whenever
someone conducts a web search, logs in to an account, or completes a transaction, a database
system is storing the information so it can be accessed in the future.

What Makes MySQL So Popular?

➢ Open Source.
➢ Data Security.
➢ Scalability on Demand.
➢ Higher Efficiency.
➢ Integration with Windows OS
➢ Scalability
➢ Easy to Use. MySQL is an easy-to-use and flexible RDBMS.
➢ Secure. While choosing the right RDBMS software, the security of your data must be your
priority.
➢ High Performance. A server cluster backs MySQL.
➢ Industry Standard.
➢ Import and Export of data in all major database system.
➢ Centralized Management
➢ Reliability
➢ Automating Tasks

WHY NODE JS?

Node.js is a server-side JavaScript runtime that enables developers to use JavaScript

for both frontend and backend development. It is known for its speed, scalability, and efficiency
due to its event-driven, non-blocking I/O model. Node.js is built on the V8 JavaScript engine,
offering fast execution and making it suitable for applications that require handling many
concurrent connections. Its extensive ecosystem (npm) and active community support
contribute to its popularity. Node.js is particularly well-suited for real-time applications,
scalable solutions, and micro services architectures. The use of a single programming language
(JavaScript) throughout the development stack enhances code reusability and maintainability.

Advantages of node.js

➢ JavaScript Everywhere:

Node.js allows developers to use JavaScript on both the client and server sides. This enables a
more consistent and seamless development experience, as developers can use the same
language for both frontend and backend development.

➢ Single Programming Language:

Using JavaScript as the single programming language for both frontend and backend reduces
the context-switching overhead for developers. They can work on the entire stack using a
unified language, improving code reusability and maintainability.

➢ Event-Driven and Asynchronous:

Node.js is built on an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model, making it highly efficient for
handling concurrent connections. This asynchronous nature allows for better scalability and
responsiveness, making Node.js suitable for real-time applications.
➢ Cross-Platform Compatibility:

Node.js is compatible with multiple operating systems, making it easier to deploy applications
across different platforms. This cross-platform compatibility contributes to the flexibility of
development and deployment.

2.5 Software and Hardware Requirement:

Type Software Hardware

PC/Laptop 1. Windows 10 1. P-4
2. HTML CSS, JS, NODE JS 2. RAM - 6GB
& ANGULAR
3. MY SQL
Database Server MySQL Workbench Server 1.P - 4
2.RAM - 6GB
Application Server MySQL Server 1.P - 4
2.RAM - 6GB
3.Hard Disk - 40GB

Table 2.1. General Requirement for Server/Client

Summary

In this section we gone through the main things that is needed to design the project in
terms of the software and the hardware. The design of the project includes two sides
front end and the back end and we also see the software requirements that is required to
design the project.

The software requirement analysis also includes the front end and back end design and
for the front end we used HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT (ANGULAR) and for the back
end we used MySQL. This chapter also includes the components that is required for the
project both software and the hardware.
 Chapter 3

Design and Implementation

3.1 ER DIAGRAM
3.2 SCHEMA DIAGRAM

3.3 PSUEDOCODE

3.3.1 INSERT

3.3.2 DELETE

3.3.3 UPDATE OR EDIT

3.3.5 CONNECTION TO SQL

Summary
 Chapter 3

Design and Implementation

In this chapter there we specify the entities, the attributes selected and from that how
the design has been achieved to provide the ER diagram and how the schema diagram is
evolved.

3.1 ER DIAGRAM
• ER Diagram is a graphical representation that depicts relationships among people, objects,
places, concepts or events within the system.
• ER Diagrams contain different symbols that use rectangles to represent entities, ovals to
define attributes and diamond shapes to represent relationships.

Creation of an ER Diagram
A conceptual data model, which lacks specific detail but provides an overview of the
scope of the project and how data sets relate to one another.
A logical data model, which is more detailed than a conceptual data model, illustrating
specific attributes and relationships among data points. While a conceptual data model
does not need to be designed before a logical data model, a physical data model is based
on a logical data model.
 Fig 3.1. ER Diagram of Hostel database

3.2 SCHEMA DIAGRAM

A schema is an outline, diagram, or model. In computing, schemas are often used to describe
the structure of different types of data. It also used to represent the primary key and the foreign
key.
 Fig. Schema diagram

3.3 PSUEDOCODE

In this section we are going to see the connecting codes which is used to connect the frontend
and the backend of the project through which we can perform the insert, delete and update
operations .Here we show some snapshots of student crud operations pseudocode with server
connection.

3.3.1 DATABASE CONNECTION

The connect() / mysqli_connect() function opens a new connection to the
MySQL server with the following syntax : mysqli_connect(host, username,
password, dbname, port, socket)

FIG 3.3.1 DATABASE CONNECTION

 3.3.2 INSERT QUERY
This query is used to insert a booking .

FIG 3.3.2 INSERT QUERY

3.3.3 SELECT QUERY

In this query,all the details are fetched using SELECT* command

FIG 3.3.3 SELECT QUERY

3.3.4 UPDATE QUERY

Here the update query is called to update the user of an already existing based on its
name and category id,address etc respectively.

FIG 3.3.4 UPDATE QUERY

Summary

This chapter covers the main things that is required to build the project ahead and the important
things are ER diagram, Relational Schema and the codes that is used to execute the query.
Through this chapter we also saw the relation between the attributes and the different entities
i.e. Mainly primary key, foreign key etc.
 CHAPTER 4
SNAPSHOTS OF DBMS MINI PROJECT

4.1 HOME PAGE

4.2 SIGN UP PAGE
4.3 ADMIN LOGIN PAGE
4.4 ADMIN FIND TRAIN PAGE
4.5 ADMIN BOOKING RESERVATION PAGE
4.6 ADMIN BOOKING HISTORY PAGE
 CHAPTER 4
SNAPSHOTS OF DBMS MINI PROJECT
In this chapter we are going to see the overview of the project execution through the output of
the project execution and we are going to see the snapshots of the results we get.

HOME PAGE

This is the first window when the application is executed as shown in Fig 4.1

FIG 4.1 HOME PAGE

4.2 SIGN UP PAGE
The page allows admin to sign up to database as shown in Fig 4.2

FIG 4.2 SIGN UP PAGE

4.3 ADMIN LOGIN PAGE
This page allows admin to login and make changes to data base as shown in Fig B.3

FIG 4.3 ADMIN LOGIN PAGE

4.4 ADMIN FIND TRAIN PAGE

This page allows admin to find the train as shown in the Fig 4.4

FIG 4.4 ADMIN FIND TRAIN PAGE

4.5 ADMIN BOOKING RESERVATION PAGE

This page allows admin to book the tickets as show in the Fig 4.5
 FIG 4.5 ADMIN BOOKING RESERVATION PAGE

4.6 ADMIN BOOKING HISTORY

This page allows admin to see the Booking history as shown in the fig 4.6

FIG 4.6 ADMIN BOOKING HISTORY

 CHAPTER 5
BACKEND DATABASE
 CHAPTER 5
BACKEND DATABASE

Table description

5.1 USERINFO
USERINFO table has a attributes f_name , I_name ,email, password, gender, marital, dob,
mobile, ques, ans is used shown in table 5.1

TABLE 5.1 STRUCTURE OF USER INFO

5.2 TRAIN LIST

TRAIN LIST table has a attributes number, name, origin, destination, arrival, departure,
mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun,1A,2A,3A,SL,General and number is used as a primary key as
shown in table 5.2

TABLE 5.2 STRUCTURE OF TRAIN LIST

5.3 SEATS
SEATS table has the attribute train_no, train_name,doj,1A,2A,3A,AC,CC,SL
is used shown in the table 5.3

TABLE 5.3 STRUCTURE OF SEATS

5.4 INTERLIST
INTERLIST table has the attribute number,st1,st1arri,st2,st2arri,st3,st3arri,st4,st4arri,
st5,st5arri,ori,oriarri,dest,desarri,name,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun as shown in
Table 5.4
 TABLE 5.4 STRUCTURE OF INTERLIST

5.5 BOOKING
BOOKING table has the attribute uname, Tnumber, class, doj, DOB, fromstn, tostn,
name, age, sex, status as shown in table 5.5

TABLE 5.5 STRUCTURE OF BOOKING

 CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
6.1 CONCLUSION
6.2 FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
6.3 Reference/Bibliography
 CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

Our system can successfully give information on any train ,find trains running between
two stations ,book tickets and cancel tickets .This system could be used for
official train booking .However several other features could be added like
booking meals on trains etc.

Also payment gateways have to be implemented to make sure the transactions

happen securely.

6.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

We can even further make it private and secured by implementing Log- in IDs and
encrypting them with passwords. We can give away this software for more number
of people and organizations to conduct a Beta Testing and based upon the results we
can just make those changes and be assured of the application developed. We can
make it more space and resource efficient so that this application consumes lesser
RAM and ROM and battery power (if available)..

6.3 Reference/Bibliography

[1]. Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe, “Database systems Models, Languages, Design
and Application Programming”, Pearson, 7th Edition, 2017.

[2]. Raghu Ramakrishnan, and Gehrke, “Database management systems”, McGraw Hill,3rd
Edition, 2014.

[3]. Chat-GPT, GOOGLE Gemini AI reference for information of languages used to make this
project.
 RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM
33

DBMS laboratory with mini project 21CSL55

Department of CSE JNNCE 33