Rise of Modern West - 1

Team B
P. Aditya ram, Paarth, Gazala, Priya, Safvana,
Prathiba, Ayush , Saarthak, Omansh.
 THE REFORMATION

To reform something is to change it, in order to make it better

During the Renaissance, as people became more aware of the world, their
place in it, and the possibility of human potential, the catholic church began
to be criticized by many people. These people thought the Catholic church
should be reformed
Protestant Reformation: A 16ᵗʰ century European movement for religious
reform that led to the foundation of churches that rejected the authority of
the pope
It is called the Reformation because they set out to reform the church.
THE GERMAN REFORMATION
 MARTIN LUTHER

Martin Luther was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk

and seminal figure in protestant Reformation
Rejected several teaching and practices of Roman Catholic Churches
Disputed the claim that freedom from God’s punishment for sin, could be
purchased (sale of indulgence)
Luther taught that salvation could not be earned but received only as the
free gift of God’s grace through the believer’s faith
Believed the Bible-only source of divinely revealed knowledge from god
Translated Bible into the vernacular language – (German language)
On Oct 31, 1517 he wrote a letter to his bishop enclosed a copy of his
(Disputation of Martin Luther on the power and efficiency of Indulgences)
Historian Han Hillerbrand
Luther had no intention of confronting the churchbut saw his disputation as a
scholarly objection to church practices
1518- translation of 95 theses into German language that had spread
throughout the Europe
Printing press was the main cause for the Effectiveness
15 June, 1520 warned by pope exsurge domine issued by pope leox
condemning Luther’s 95 theses
Luther burned bull publicly and was excommunicated on jan 3 1512
25 may 1521, Luther declared an outlaw (heretic)
1526- Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organizing a new church
(Lutheran Church)
 JOHN CALVIN

Calvin was influenced by Luther

Developed his own theological system known as Calvinism or Reformed
theology
His teachings – Focused on doctrine of justification by faith alone but
stressed the (notion of predestination)
According to Calvin- God has already determined who will be saved or
damned, and human actions cannot change this predetermined outcome
Calvin emphasized – Sovereignty of God and authority of scripture
Organized churched according to presbyterian system, with government by
elders and placed high importance on strict moral behaviour
Calvin reforms – formation of reformed churches
-- presbyterian congregational
-- some Baptist denominations
Luther’s reforms – primarily focused challenging that catholic church and its
practices
CONCLUSION