I- Put () on true answer and (X) on false one:(4 marks, 1/2 mark each):

1-The contents of secondary lysosomes are homogenous in appearance.

False
2- Extended chromatin is active and controls the synthesis of protein. True
3-Enough amount of SER gives basophilia to the cytoplasm. False
4-The perichondrium surrounds all types of cartilage. False
5-Simple squamous epithelium is present in alveoli of the lung. True
6-Cell inclusions are living structures essential for life. False
7-Sarcomere is the portion of myofibril between two successive Z lines.
True
8-Nissel`s granules are represent free ribosomes and RER in the nerve
cells bodies. True
1-The matrix of elastic cartilage contains abundance of reticular fibers. false
2-The perichondrium is present in fibrocartilage. false
3-Osteocyte is the stem cell of bone. false
4-Spongy bone contains well developed Haversian system. false
5-Sarcomere is the structural and the functional unit of the skeletal muscle.
6-The cardiac muscle fibers are elongated multinucleated cells. false
7-RBCs are true cells containing nuclei and the other cytoplasmic organelles. false
8-Neutophils are the most numerous leukocytes represent, 60-70% of the total
leukocytic count.True
9-Nissel’s granules are present in the axon of the nerve cells. false
10-The nerve cell bodies in the spinal ganglion are large and arranged in groups. True
11-The cortex of the thymus contains well developed lymphatic follicles. false
12-A primary lymphatic nodules is characterized by the presence of pale central
area called germinal center. True
14-Endothelium is a single layer of simple cubical epithelium cells. false
II- Enumerate :

A- Components (molecular structure) of the cell membrane (3)

1- Lipids 2- Proteins 3- Carbohydrates
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 B- Non membranous organelles (3)
1- Ribosomes 2- Microtubules 3- Microfilaments
C-Branched connective tissue cells (3)
1- Fibroblast 2- Macrophage 3-Pericyte
E-Types of stratified epithelium (4)
1- Squamous 2- Cubical 3- Columner 4- Transitional
1-Types of cartilage(3).
2-Types lymphocytes(4).
4-BLOOD CELLS
5-Bone cells(4).
6-Types of chromatin(2)
9-Types of epithelium.
.
III- Choose the correct answer (60 marks, each one mark):
1- Which one of the following functions is related to Golgi complex?
A- Shaping of the cell B- Synthesis of lipids
C- Condensation& Concentration of secretory proteins D- Cellular defense mechanism
2- Which of the following is correct regarding nucleolus?
A- It forms ribosomes B- It has nucleolar membrane
C- It is formed of proteins only D- It is a rounded acidophilic structure
3- In pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium, the cells are characterized by which one
of the followings?
A- Not all cells are rest on the basement membrane B- All nuclei are on the same level.
C- Cells give a false appearance of stratified epithelium. D- All cells reach the surface
4- Howship’s lacunae (cavities) are specialized for multinucleated cells in bone, what is
the name of these cells?
A- Osteoclasts B- Osteocytes
C- Osteoblasts D- Osteogenic cells
5- Osteogenic cells are present within which of the following sites?
A- Haversian system. B- Inner circumferential lamellae.
C- Outer circumferential lamellae. D- Periosteum
6- Which of the following constitutes the white pulp of spleen?
A- Splenic cords. B- Lymphatic nodules.
C- Splenic blood sinusoids. D- Splenic capsule.
7- Which one of the following is a character of the endosteum?
A- It is rich in osteoclasts B-It cover the external surfaces of
bone.
C- It is composed of a single layer of osteogenic cells and D- It is composed of two layers of
little CT osteogenic cells
8-Which of the following structures bind the periosteum to the underlying bone
matrix?
A- Sharpey’s fibers B- Volkmann̓̓̓̓ s canals
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C- Haversian canals D- Endosteum
9-Which of the following organs contains lymphatic nodules with a central artery?
A- Spleen. B- Lymph nodes.
C- Thymus. D- Tonsils.
10- Which of the following is the mature cell of bone?
A- Osteoprogenitor cell B- Osteocyte
C- Osteoclast D- Osteoblast
11- The medulla of lymph node is formed of which one of the followings?
A- Medullary cords and sinuses. B- Inner cortex and sinuses.
C- Medullary cords and lymphoid follicles D- Outer and inner medulla.

12- Which cell of the following representing the stem cell of bone?
A- Osteogenic cells B- Osteoblasts.
C- Osteocytes. D- Osteoclast
13- What is the location of the outer circumferential lamellae?
A- Beneath the periosteum B- Parallel to the endosteum
C- In between the Haversian systems D- Within the Haversian systems
14- Which of the following cells is one of the fixed cells of connective tissue?
A- Myoepithelial cell B- Fibroblast
C- Macrophage D- Leucocyte
15- What is the most numerous organelles in the cytoplasm of macrophage?
A- Mitochondria B- Lysosomes
C- Rough endoplasmic reticulum D- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
16- Macrophage is a connective tissue cell that arises from which of the following?
A- B lymphocytes B- T lymphocytes
C- Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells D- Blood monocytes
17- The granules of Mast cell could be stained by which of the following?
A- Toluidine blue B- Sliver
C- Eosin D- Sudan III
18- The nucleus of Plasma cell appears like:
A- Kidney B- Clock-face
C- Horse shoe D- Signet ring
19- What is the most characteristic feature of loose connective tissue?
A- Contains large amount of regular collagen fibers B- Contains large amount of elastic
fibers
C- Contains spaces with large amount of ground substance D-Contains large number of adipose
cells
20- The dense regular connective tissue is present in which of the following sites?
A- Tendon B- Dermis
C- Bone marrow D- Pulp of teeth

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 21- What is the cell that is responsible for synthesis of the connective tissue fibers that
enter in the formation of Bone marrow framework?
A- Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells B- Fibrocyte
C- Reticular cell D- Progenitor cell
22- How does unilocular fat cell of adipose tissue appear by H&E stain?
A- Kidney B- Clock-face
C- Horse shoe D- Signet ring

23- Where is the mucoid connective tissue present?

A- Tendon B- Dermis
C- Bone marrow D- Umblical cord
24- The lacunae in the cartilage contain which of the following?
A- Chondrocytes B- Chondroblasts
C- Osteocyte D- Condensed matrix
25- Which statement is true as regards Costal (hyaline) cartilage?
A- Contains predominantly reticular fibers B- Is yellowish when fresh.
C- Has well seen perichondrium( 2 layers) D- Contains type III collagen fibers
26- Which of the following blood vessels is a large elastic artery?
A- Aorta. B- Inferior vena cava.
C- Fenestrated Capillaries. D- Continuous Capillaries.
27- The ear pinna is supported by which of the followings?
A- Fibro cartilage B- Elastic cartilage
C- Hyaline cartilage D- Calcified cartilage
28- Which of the following statements distinguishes cartilage from most other
connective tissues?
A- Its extracellular matrix contains collagen B- It is mesenchymal in origin
C- Its cells secrete both fibers and ground substance D- It is avascular
29- Perichondrium is absent in which of the followings?
A- Hyaline cartilage B- Fibro cartilage
C- Elastic cartilage D- Costal cartilage
30- Which one of the following components predominates in fibrocartilage matrix?
A- Collagen bundles type I B- Collagen fibrils type II
C- Elastic fibers D- Reticular fibers
31- Which of the following blood cells are derived from megakaryocytes?
A- Eosinophils B- Blood platelets
C- Lymphocytes D- Red blood cells
32- Which of the following blood cells involved mainly in gas exchange?
A- Eosinophils B- Blood platelets
C- Lymphocytes D- Red blood corpuscles.
33- Which of the following blood cells involved in parasitic infestation?
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A- Eosinophils B- Monocytes
C- Lymphocytes D- Basophils
34- Which of the followings is true about fenestrated capillaries?
A-They have continuous endothelium and thick complete B- They have endothelial pores in
basement membrane. their walls and continuous basal
lamina.
C- They haven't basement membrane. D-They have discontinuous endothelium
and discontinuous basement membrane.
35- Which of the following blood cells can be stained metachromatically with toluidine
blue?
A- RBCs B- Lymphocytes
C- Neutrophils D- Basophils
36- What is the content of specific granules of neutrophils?
A- Bactericidal enzymes. B- Major basic protein
C- Hydrolytic enzymes D- Histamine
37- Transitional epithelium lines Which of the followings?
A- Gastrointestinal tract. B- Respiratory tract.
C- Skin. D- Urinary passages.
38- Simple cubical epithelium is present in which of the followings?
A- Thyroid follicles. B- Blood vessels.
C- Bronchi. D- Urinary bladder.
39- Simple squamous epithelium is present in which of the followings?
A- Alveoli of lung. B- Bronchi.
C- Bronchioles. D- Urinary bladder.
40-Which of the following is the most numerous leucocytes?
A- Eosinophils B- Monocytes
C- Neutrophils D- Basophils

41- Which of the following is true regarding mature red blood cells?
A- They are true cells B- They have rounded nuclei
C- They are biconcave discs D-They contain basophilic granules
42- What is the connective tissue sheath that encloses the skeletal muscle fiber?
A- Perimysium B- Perineurium
C- Epimysium D- Endomysium
43- Which of the following is characteristic for cardiac muscle fibers?
A- The muscle fibers don't branch B- They are fusiform in shape
C- They are connected by intercalated discs D- They have no striations
44- Which of the following cells surround the endothelial cells of capillaries?
A- Endothelial. B- Pericytes.
C- Fibroblasts D- Smooth muscle cells.

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 45-In which of the following blood vessels, tunica adventitia forms the main thickness
of the wall?
A- Capillaries. B- Large elastic artery.
C- Medium sized artery. D- Medium sized vein
46-Which of the following blood vessels is characterized by very thick tunica media
formed mainly of elastic fibers?
A- Aorta. B- Capillaries.
C- Inferior vena cava. D- Medium sized vein.
47- Which of the following types of muscles have no sarcomere?
A- Cardiac muscle B- Smooth muscle
C- Skeletal muscles of upper limb D- Skeletal muscles of the face
48- The light I-band contains which of the following?
A- Actin filaments only B- Actin and myosin filaments
C- Myosin filaments only D- Desmin intermediate filaments
49- Which of the following best describes Sarcomere?
A- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle B- The cytoplasm of muscle
C- The part of the myofibril between two successive Z D- Extends deep into the interior of
lines the muscle fiber
50- Which of the following is true regarding skeletal muscle fiber?
A- Multiple cells with cell junctions B- Long, multinucleated cell
C- Mono-nucleated cell D- Anastomosing tissue fibers
51- During electron microscopic examination of neurons, which of the followings is absent
in their cytoplasm?
A- Golgi apparatus B- Centrosomes.
a. C C- Lipid droplets. D- Lipofuscin pigment
52- Nissl`s granules are absent in which part of the nerve cell?
A- Axon and axon hillock B- Dendrites
C- Perikaryon D- Cell body
53- Which of the following cells having feet like expansions?
a- A- Astrocytes. b- B- Ependymal.
c- C- Microglia. D- Oligodendrocytes
54- What is the connective tissue sheath that surrounds each bundle of nerve fibers in
the nerve trunk?
A- Endoneurium B- Epineurium
C- Perineurium D- Perimysium
55- Which of the following appear when nerve trunk is stained with osmic acid?
A- Axon B- Neurolemmal sheath
C- Myelin sheath D- Perineurium
56- Which of the followings characterize the axons of neurons?
a. A- Carry the nerve impulses towards the cell body. b. B- Contain Nissl's granules.

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c. C- Short and thick. d. D- Single, thin and long.
57- Which one of the following cells line the cavities (ventricles) of brain and central
canal of spinal cord?
A- Astrocytes B- Ependymal cells
C- Oligodendrocytes D- Microglia

58- Which one of the following neuroglial cells has phagocytic function?
A- Astrocytes B- Ependymal cells
C- Oligodendrocytes D- Microglia
59- Dendrites of neuron are characterized by which of the followings?
A- Carries the nerve impulses away from the cell body. B- Short, thick near the origin and
tapering towards apex.
C- Having constant diameter D- Thin and long.
60- Which one of the following neuroglial cells can form myelin sheath in C.N.S?
A- Astrocytes B- Ependymal cells
C- Oligodendrocytes D- Microglia

1- The tissue is the smallest unit of a living body and surrounded by a wall,
called cell membrane ( f)
2- Organ formed of different tissues ( t)
3- System is group of organs, having similar function (t )
4- System is group of organs, having different function (f )
5-muscular tissue form brain and spinal cord (f )
6-nervous tissue contract ( f)
7- Connective tissues support other cells and tissues (t )
8- Epithelial tissue functions are protection , absorption, secretion and
Filtration. ( t)
9- Epithelial tissue have an apical and basal surface (t )
10- Cell surface of epithelial tissue may have microvilli ( t)
11- Transitional – cells having both cuboidal and columnar shapes present in
the respiratory tract. ( f)
12-cardiac muscle are attatched to bone ( f)
13-Cardiac muscle Contracts to push blood into circulatory system ( t)
14- Smooth muscle tissue are spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei ( t)
15- Nervous Tissue transmit signals from sensory receptors to organs ( t)
16- Reticular Connective Tissue present in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and
spleen (t )

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17-Cartilage Consists of : Osteoblasts, Osteocytes , Osteoclasts, multinucleated
giant cells (f )
18- Blood Tissue Formed of Red, white blood cells, and platelets ( t)
19- Most human cells contain 46 chromosomes ( t)
20- DNA: is the collection of genetic information. (f )
21-Gene: is the basic unit of genetic information and formed of a specific
sequence and length in DNA. (t )
22- Most human cells contain 60 chromosomes (f )
23-Deletion is an example for chromosomal abnormality ( t)
24- Translocation is an example for chromosomal abnormality ( t)
25-Golgi apparatus is an example for membranous organells (t )

26- Golgi apparatus is an example for non membranous organells ( f)

27-Ribosome is an example for membranous organells (f )

28-Elastic cartilage present in Intervertebral discs,Discs of knee joint ( f)

29- adipocytes Have nucleus pushed to one side by fat droplet (t )

30- Pseudostratified – cells appear arranged in layers, but all originate from the
basement membrane, as seen in mainly in respiratory tract. (t )