BASICS OF ADOBE PHOTOSHOP

TOOLS AND PHOTO EDITING

TECHNIQUES

By James Kinsten
©2017 Copyrights , Inc. All rights

reserved.
Copyrights @ 2012 James Kinsten

The Book Orginal Work Done On 2015 September

In India Ben Books by James Kinsten This Book
May Be Freely Available On Web But Having
Publishing Rights under act 1997 copyrights

Table of Contents
Introduction

..................................................................................................................................

New Features of Photoshop

...................................................................................................................
2

Downloading the Data Files

....................................................................................................................
2

Starting Photoshop

..............................................................................................................................
2

Opening Files in Photoshop

..................................................................................................................
2

Navigating through Photoshop

............................................................................................................
3

Workspace Overview
..............................................................................................................................
3

Changing the Workspace

.................................................................................................................
3

Changing the Screen Mode

....................................................................................................................
5
Panels
..................................................................................................................................

6
Using the Tools Panel
.......................................................................................................................
6
Using the Options Bar
......................................................................................................................
7
Accessing Hidden Tools
....................................................................................................................
7
Changing Foreground and Background Colors
................................................................................ 9
Using the Navigator Panel
.............................................................................................................
10
Using the History Panel
..................................................................................................................
10
Using the Layers Panel
...................................................................................................................
11
Working with Layers
......................................................................................................................
11
Basic Image Editing
............................................................................................................................
14
Resizing Images
..................................................................................................................................

14
Cropping and Straightening Images
..................................................................................................... 16
Rotating Images
..................................................................................................................................

17
Basic Touch-ups
..................................................................................................................................

17
Fixing Red Eye
..............................................................................................................................
18
Repairing Flaws and Imperfections
................................................................................................ 18
Adjusting Images Automatical y
...........................................................................................................
21
Saving Images
..................................................................................................................................

22
Printing Images
..................................................................................................................................

23
Flattening and Sharpening Images Before Printing
.............................................................................. 23
Introduction
Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 is a photo editing program that pushes
the
boundaries of digital imaging and editing. While widely used by
professional photographers as well as web and graphic
designers,
Photoshop can also provide a creative outlet for amateurs,
enthusiasts, and artists alike. This handout covers the basics of
Photoshop CC 2015 which includes maneuvering through the
interface as well as
editing, saving, and printing images. The lessons incorporate new
features found in Photoshop CC 2015.
However, many of the techniques can also be used in
previous versions of Photoshop.
New Features of Photoshop
Adobe has added many new features to Photoshop CC, al owing
you to go even further when editing
photographs. Some of the new features of Photoshop CC are
improved guides which let you quickly see the distance in pixels
between objects so you can lay out content with precision, and
the editable
rounded rectangles which let you resize shapes, edit them, and re-
edit them before or after they are created. The Perspective Warp
feature lets you easily adjust perspectives in images. For more
information, visit the Adobe Photoshop CC New Features page.
Downloading the Data Files
This handout includes sample data files that can be used to fol ow
along the steps. If you plan to use the data files, download the fol
owing ZIP file to your computer and extract the files. It is
recommended to save the data files on your desktop for easy
access.
• Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1 Data Files
Starting Photoshop
The following steps cover how to start Photoshop CC 2015 using
the computers in the ITS Training
Program computer labs. The steps for starting the program on
other computers may vary.
To start Photoshop CC 2015 in Windows 10:
1. Click the Start button, click All apps, and then click
Adobe Photoshop CC 2015.
Opening Files in Photoshop
Photoshop works with digitized images which can come from a
digital camera, a scanner, other drawing programs, or captured
video stil s. Once the desired digital image has been imported to a
computer, you can open it in Photoshop for further viewing and
editing.
To open a file in Photoshop:

1. Click the File menu,

and then click Open

(see Figure 1).

2. In the Open dialog box,

navigate to the Data Files

folder, select the

earth_and_moon.jpg file,

and then click the Open

 button.

3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 to open

Figure 1 – File Menu When Selecting Open
the red_moon.jpg file.
2 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Navigating through Photoshop
The best way to become familiar and comfortable with any
workspace is to explore and practice.
Furthermore, learning to maneuver through Photoshop CC 2015
wil give you a head start when learning how to use other Adobe
CC 2015 programs with a similar interface (e.g., InDesign,
Illustrator, or Flash).
Workspace Overview
The work area, or workspace, includes menus, toolbars, and panels
that give you quick access to an
array of tools and options for editing and manipulating images and
graphics. The default workspace in Photoshop displays the Menu
and Options bars at the top of the window, the Tools panel on the
left side of the window, and several other panels on the right side
of the window (see Figure 2).
Figure 2 – Photoshop CC 2015 Default Workspace
Changing the Workspace
Not all projects utilize the same tools and panels. Therefore,
Photoshop includes a number of preset workspace layouts which
cater to certain types of projects, as wel as the option to customize
one’s own workspace.
To select a preset workspace:
1. Click the Window menu, point to Workspace, and then
click Typography (see Figure 3).
To return to the default workspace:
1. Click the Window menu, point to Workspace, and
then click Essentials (Default) (see Figure 3).
3 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
NOTE: Another way to switch from one workspace to another is
to use the Workspace menu located on the right side of the
Options bar, above the default panels (see Figure 4).
Figure 4 – Workspace Menu
Figure 3 – Window Menu and Workspace Submenu
To customize and save a workspace:
1. Use the Window menu to add and remove the desired
panels. Resize and position the panels within the
workspace as desired.
NOTE: A check mark next to a panel name on the Window menu
indicates that the panel is open. Selecting a panel name with a
check mark closes that panel; selecting a panel name
without a check mark opens that panel.
2. Click the Window menu, point to Workspace, and then click
New
Workspace (see Figure 3).
3. In the New Workspace dialog box, in the Name box, type
the desired name for the custom workspace (e.g.,
Workspace1) (see Figure 5).

4. Select the Keyboard Shortcuts and Menus check boxes.

5. Click the Save button. The new Workspace is

displayed at the top of the Workspace menu (see
Figure 6).

Figure 5 – New Workspace

Dialog Box Figure 6 –
Workspace Menu with a
Custom Workspace

To delete a custom workspace:

1. Click the Workspace menu, and then click Essentials (see
Figure 6).
NOTE: A workspace cannot be deleted if it is the active
workspace.
4 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
2. Click the Workspace menu again, and then click Delete
Workspace.

3. In the Delete Workspace dialog box, click the

 Workspace arrow and select the workspace that you want to
delete (e.g., Workspace1).

4. Click the Delete button. A confirmation dialog box opens.

5. Click the Yes button to proceed.

6. Click the Workspace menu to verify that the custom

workspace has been deleted and is no
longer listed on the menu.
Changing the Screen Mode
When previewing an image, it helps to have a different
background and to remove the workspace
altogether. By default, Photoshop opens in Standard Screen
Mode.
To change the screen mode:
1. Click the View menu, point to Screen Mode, and then click Ful
Screen
Mode.
2. In the Message dialog box, click the Ful Screen button
(see Figure 7). The image is displayed in Full Screen
Mode, with only a black background (see Figure 8).

Figure 7 – Message Dialog Box

Figure 8 – Ful Screen Mode

3. Press the Esc key to return to Standard Screen Mode.

5 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics

Panels
To col apse panels to just their icons, simply click the double
arrow at the top of a panel group (see
Figure 9). To expand the panels, click the double arrow again
(see Figure 10). You can also move panels within the workspace
by dragging a panel tab to the desired location. When panels are
col apsed to
icons, you can drag the dotted line to move an entire panel
group or an individual panel.
Figure 9 – Col apse to Icons Button
Figure 10 – Expand Panels Button
Using the Tools Panel
The Tools panel contains selection tools, editing and painting
tools, foreground and background color selection boxes, and
viewing tools. Clicking the double arrow at the top of the Tools
panel switches the panel back and forth from a single column to a
double column (see Figure 11).
Figure 11 – Tools Panel in Double Column View
6 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Using the Options Bar
The Options bar is located below the Menu bar. Depending on
which tool is selected in the Tools panel, the Options bar
changes and displays options accordingly (see Figure 12).
Figure 12 – Options Bar When the Type Tool is Selected
To zoom in or out of an image:
1. Click the earth_and_moon.jpg tab in the Document
window to activate the file (see Figure 13).
Figure 13 – File Tabs
2. Click the Zoom Tool
located near the bottom of the Tools panel. The mouse pointer
becomes a magnifying glass with a plus sign in its center.
3. Click the Earth image once to magnify it.

4. To zoom in even more, click the image again repeatedly

until the desired magnification is
reached.
5. To zoom out, click the Zoom Out button
on the Options bar, and then click the Earth image
once.
6. Click the image again repeatedly to zoom out even more.
To fit the image to the screen:
1. Click the Fit Screen button on the Options bar.
NOTE: Clicking the 100% button on the Options bar displays
the image at 100%. Clicking the Fill Screen button on the
Options bar makes the image fil the screen.
Accessing Hidden Tools
The Tools panel groups similar tools together, displaying only one
tool from a group at a time while the rest are hidden beneath the
tool. A small white triangle at the lower-right corner of a tool
indicates that there are hidden tools beneath it. To view hidden
tools, right-click a tool or click and hold down the mouse button
on a tool (see Figure 14).
Figure 14 – Hidden Marquee Tools
7 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
To use the Marquee Tool:
1. Right-click the Rectangular Marquee Tool
in the Tools panel, and then click the Elliptical
Marquee Tool on the hidden tools menu (see Figure 14).
NOTE: When the Marquee Tool is selected, the mouse pointer
becomes the shape of a cross.
2. In the Document window, drag the mouse pointer to make
an elliptical selection around the image of the Earth (see
Figure 15). Keep the mouse button pressed.
NOTE: Once the mouse button is released, the selection can no
longer be edited. However, it
can stil be moved by dragging the selection with the mouse
pointer (see Figure 16).
3. Hold down the Spacebar and drag the pointer to reposition the
selection.
4. Release the Spacebar and drag the pointer to resize the
selection.
NOTE: The Shift key can be used to retain the shape of a perfect
circle.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 as necessary to fit the selection around
the circumference of the Earth,
and then release the mouse button.
NOTE: The animated dashed line connotes that the area inside it
is selected and therefore, is the only editable area of the image.
Figure 15 – Selecting an Image Using the
Figure 16 – Moving the Marquee Selection
Marquee Tool
6. Click the Move Tool
in the Tools panel.
7. Drag the selection to move its contents completely outside
the cutout area (see Figure 17).
Figure 17 – Moving the Selected Image
NOTE: To remove the selected area entirely, click the Edit menu,
and then click Cut.
8. To remove the marquee selection, click the Select
menu, and then click Deselect.
8 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Changing Foreground and Background Colors
When using a painting tool (e.g., the Brush Tool), or creating text
or shapes, the current Foreground color is applied. The
Background color manifests when the Eraser Tool is used on the
Background layer.
With the Gradient Tool, the Foreground and Background colors
can be used to produce different blends.
To change the Foreground color:
1. Click the Foreground color selection box in the Tools panel.

2. In the Color Picker (Foreground Color) dialog box, drag

the vertical color slider up or down to select a color (see
Figure 18).

3. Click inside the large square to the left of the vertical

color slider to select a hue.

4. Click the OK button. The Foreground color is changed.

Figure 18 – Color Picker (Foreground Color) Dialog Box
5. Right-click the Gradient Tool

in the Tools panel, and then click the Paint

Bucket Tool on the hidden tools menu.
6. Click inside the white circle to paint it (see Figure 19).
Figure 19 – Blue Painted Circle Cutout
9 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Using the Navigator Panel
Found on the Window menu, the Navigator panel is used for
moving an image in its window and for changing the zoom level
of an image. The zoom level is indicated as a percentage in three
locations: on the file tab in the Document window, in the lower-
left corner of the Document window, and in the
lower-left corner of the Navigator panel.
The red rectangular outline, or view box, inside the Navigator
panel represents the area of the image that appears in the
Document window (see Figure 20). This is especially useful when
working at very high zoom levels. If the image is magnified, you
can drag the view box on the thumbnail to move the image in its
window. You can use the Zoom In and Zoom Out buttons as wel
as the Zoom
slider to change the image’s zoom level.
Figure 20 – Navigator Panel and Document Window
Using the History Panel

Another great thing about working with digital

images is the ability to take back unwanted
actions by one or even multiple actions at a
time. The History panel records each change
that is applied to an image and lists each one as
a separate state in the panel, with the
bottommost state being the most recent (see
Figure 21). Clicking on a prior state restores the
document to that stage of the editing process.

NOTE: To undo a single action, click the Edit

menu, and then click Step Backward. To redo an
action, click the Edit menu, and then click Step
Forward.

Figure 21 – History Panel

10 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Using the Layers Panel
Each layer includes multiple components such as layer visibility,
layer title, layer/vector mask thumbnail (if applicable), layer
thumbnail, and layer effects (if applicable) (see Figure 22). Layers
can be created, restacked, moved, deleted, and duplicated.
Figure 22 – Layers Panel
Working with Layers
Layers determine the order in which objects are displayed.
Furthermore, only the currently active or selected layer can be
edited. The fol owing steps introduce the basics of working with
layers such as naming, moving, creating, or deleting a layer.
To name or rename a layer:
1. Open the practicing_with_layers.psd file.
 2. In the Layers panel, click the eye icon next to each layer
to determine what object is located on that layer (see Figure
23).
NOTE: Another method for determining what object is located
on a specific layer is to right-click that layer’s eye icon, and then
click Show/Hide all other layers on the shortcut menu.
3. Double-click the Layer 3 layer title, type Post Office,
and then press the Enter key.

4. Repeat step 3 to rename Layer 4 to Person.

To move a layer:
1. Drag the Layer 1 layer above the Background and Sun
layers until a thick border appears (indicating the layer’s new
position), and then release the mouse button (see Figure 24).
The grass image appears on the screen.

2. Rename Layer 1 to Grass.

11 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Figure 23 – Layer 3 Visibility Off
Figure 24 – Moving a Layer
To move objects on a layer:
1. Make sure the Grass layer is selected in the Layers panel.

2. Click the Move Tool

in the Tools panel.
3. Drag the image of the grass down to ground level (see Figure
25).

4. Select the Post Office layer and drag the image of the
post office down to ground level.

5. Repeat the same procedure with the Person and Door layers.
Figure 25 – Moving Objects on a Layer
12 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
To duplicate a layer:
1. In the Layers panel, right-click the Grass layer, and
then click Duplicate Layer on the shortcut menu (see
Figure 26).

2. In the Duplicate Layer dialog box, in the As box, change

the name to More Grass (see Figure 27).

3. Under Destination, make sure the file name displayed in

the Document box is the same file as the current working
file.
 4. Click the OK button. A new layer titled More Grass is
added in the Layers panel.

5. Move the grass on the More Grass layer to the right side of
the post office.

1. Click the Layer menu, point to New, and then click Layer.

2. In the New Layer dialog box, type Clouds in the Name

box, and then click the OK button (see
Figure 28).
NOTE: You can also create a new layer by clicking the
Create a new layer button at the bottom of the Layers panel.
Figure 28 – New Layer Dialog Box
To delete a layer:
1. Right-click the Clouds layer in the Layers panel, and then
click Delete Layer on the shortcut menu. A confirmation
dialog box opens (see Figure 29).

2. Click the Yes button to confirm the deletion.

NOTE: You can also delete a layer by clicking the Delete layer
button at the bottom of the Layers panel.
13 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Figure 29 – Confirmation Dialog Box
Basic Image Editing
Onscreen, Photoshop images are bitmaps – a geometric
arrangement of a layer of dots, or pixels, of
different shades or colors on a rectangular grid. Each pixel
represents a color or shade. Bitmap
programs, like Photoshop, are ideal for producing painterly and/or
photographic images. In addition to fixed pixel imagery,
Photoshop also works with vector graphics such as paths, shapes,
and editable type.
Vector graphics are drawings that retain their crispness when
scaled since they are mathematical y
defined.
NOTE: Before any retouching or editing, it is highly
recommended to duplicate an image file and work with the copy.
This way, the original is kept intact for future purposes.
Resizing Images
Resolution (ppi = pixels per inch or dpi = dots per inch) refers to
the quality of an image. The higher the resolution, the higher the
number of pixels along the width and height of an image (hence,
better image quality). However, the file size of an image also
increases with increased resolution, making it more laborious to
process or download. Depending on the situation, you can resize
an image to fit your
specific needs. For photo quality printing, the image file should be
set at a higher resolution (i.e., 300
dpi). For online viewing, the image file can be set at a lower
resolution (i.e., 72 dpi).
The default settings for many digital cameras produce an image
that is large in physical dimensions (i.e., width and height), but
low in pixels per inch (usual y 72 ppi). The fol owing steps show
you how to decrease the physical size of a digital camera image
and increase its resolution without losing quality.
NOTE: For scans, you can stipulate the physical dimensions and
resolution of the image according to your desired output at the
time of scanning.
To resize a digital camera image:
1. Open the resize_digital_image.jpg file.

2. Click the Image menu, and then click Image Size.

3. In the Image Size dialog box, deselect the Resample

check box to make the Width, Height, and Resolution
values interdependent (see Figure 30).
 4. Change the Resolution from 72 pixels/inch to 300
pixels/inch. The Width and Height values change in direct
proportion to the change in Resolution.

5. Click the OK button to apply the changes.

14 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Figure 30 – Image Size Dialog Box
To downsize an image:
1. Click the Image menu, and then click Image Size.

2. In the Image Size dialog box, select the Resample check box (see
Figure 30).

3. To preserve the width-to-height ratio of the image, make sure

the Constrain

Aspect Ratio
button is selected.
4. If the image has layers with styles applied to them, click the
Gear icon
in the upper-right
corner of the dialog box and select Scale Styles to scale the effects
in the resized image.
5. Type the desired Width or Height.

6. Click the OK button to apply the changes.

NOTE: The quality of the image will not be affected. However,
these steps should only be used to downsize an image, not upsize
it. Upsizing wil degrade the image quality.
To resize multiple images at one time:
1. Click the File menu, point to Scripts, and then click Image
Processor.

2. In the Image Processor dialog box, under Select the

images to process, click the Select Folder button (see Figure
31).

3. In the Choose Folder dialog box, locate and select the

Resizing Multiple Images folder, and then click the OK
button (see Figure 32).

4. In the Image Processor dialog box, under Select location

to save processed images, select the Select Folder option
button, click the Select Folder button, select the Desktop as
the location to save the resized images, and then click the OK
button. Or, select the Save in Same Location option button to
save the files in the same folder.
 5. Under File Type, select the Save as JPEG, Save as PSD,
and Save as TIFF check boxes to create three new copies of
each photo.

6. Select the Resize to Fit check box for each format, and
then type 640 as the Width pixel dimension and 480 as the
Height pixel dimension of the newly resized images.

NOTE: The Height pixel dimension wil automatical y

change to be proportionate to the Width.

7. When finished, click the Run button.

15 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Figure 32 – Choose Folder Dialog
Box
Figure 31 – Image Processor Dialog Box
Cropping and Straightening Images
Cropping is the process of removing portions of an image. The
Crop Tool can be used to crop and straighten images in
Photoshop.
To crop and straighten an image:
 1. Open the practice_cropping.jpg file.

2. Click the Crop Tool

in the Tools panel. Crop borders appear on the edges of the image.
3. Draw a new cropping area or drag the corner and edge
handles of the crop box to specify the
crop boundaries in the image.
4. To straighten the image, place the pointer a little outside a
corner handle until a curved arrow appears, and then drag to
rotate the image as needed. A grid displays inside the crop
box and
the image rotates behind it.
NOTE: The crop area might have to be re-adjusted after the image
is rotated.

5. To complete the crop, click the

Commit button on the Options bar, or

press the Enter key.

NOTE: You can cancel the crop operation by clicking the Cancel
button
on the Options bar,
or pressing the Esc key.
To crop and straighten multiple images at once:
 1. Open the cropping_multiple_images.jpg file.

2. Click the File menu, point to Automate, and then click

Crop and Straighten Photos. Each
cropped and straightened image appears in its own tab.
16 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Rotating Images
In Photoshop, you can rotate and flip an image in many
directions. The Image Rotation commands rotate all the layers
of an image, while the Flip Canvas commands flip all the layers
of an image, creating a mirror image.
To rotate an image:
1. Open the rotate_image.jpg file.

2. Click the Image menu, point to Image Rotation, and then

click 90º Counter Clockwise (see
Figure 33).
NOTE: The Flip Canvas Horizontal command flips the
image from left to right. The Flip Canvas Vertical command
flips the image up to down.
Figure 33 – Image Menu and Image Rotation Submenu
To rotate an image by specifying an angle:
1. Click the Image menu, point to Image Rotation, and then
click Arbitrary.

2. In the Rotate Canvas dialog box, in the Angle box, type a

value between
-359.99º and 359.99º
(see Figure 34).
3. Select the ºClockwise or ºCounter Clockwise option button.

4. Click the OK button.

Figure 34 – Rotate Canvas Dialog Box
Basic Touch-ups
Whether it is red eye, dust, a pimple, or a crack, Photoshop
offers an array of tools to replace unwanted portions of an
image.
17 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Fixing Red Eye
Red eye occurs when the retinas of a subject’s eyes are reflected
by the camera’s flash unit (see Figure
35). Photoshop offers a simple way to correct this by using the
Red Eye Tool which is hidden under the Spot Healing Brush
Tool.
Figure 35 – Image with Red Eye
To remove red eye:
1. Open the red_eye.jpg file.

2. Use the Zoom Tool as necessary to achieve the desired

magnification.

3. In the Tools panel, right-click the Spot Healing Brush

Tool, and then click the Red Eye Tool (see
Figure 36).
4. Click once on each eye to see the red reflection disappear (see
Figure 37).
Figure 36 – Selecting the Red Eye

Tool Figure 37 – Image After Red

Eye Correction Repairing Flaws and

Imperfections
The Clone Stamp Tool, the Healing Brush Tool, the Patch
Tool, and the Spot Healing Brush Tool can be used to either
repair or replace a selected area of an image (see Table 1).
Table 1 – Healing Tools
Name
Description
Copies a part of an image that the user defines (i.e., the source)
Clone Stamp Tool

and copies it exactly to a new area. Use when

matching color and shading.

Takes a part of an image (i.e., the source) and blends it with

Healing Brush Tool
surrounding pixels of a designated area. Use when matching
Patch Tool
similar texture.
Automatical y samples from surrounding areas and blends it to an
Spot Healing Brush Tool
area needing repair.
18 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
To remove dust from a scanned image:
 1. Open the removing_dust.jpg file.

2. In the Tools panel, right-click the Red Eye Tool, and

then click the Spot Healing Brush Tool (see
Figure 38). The mouse pointer becomes the shape of a circle.
3. To change the size of the circle to match the area
needing repair, click the Brush arrow on the Options bar,
and then use the Size slider to increase or decrease the size
of the brush (see
Figure 39).
NOTE: The size of the brush should be slightly larger than the
area needing repair. The opening bracket [ and closing bracket ]
keys can be used as shortcuts to decrease or increase the size of
the brush, respectively.
Figure 38 – Selecting the Spot Healing Brush
Tool
Figure 39 – Brush Menu
4. Drag the Hardness slider all the way to the left until it is set
to 0%.

5. Click each dust particle on the image to watch it

disappear as it blends with the surrounding
pixels.
6. To remove the white spot on the subject’s shoulder (see
Figure 40), click the Clone Stamp Tool in the Tools panel.

7. Hold down the Alt key and click the part of the image
that can be used as a sample to clone on top of the unwanted
spot, and then release the Alt key.

8. Place the mouse pointer over the white spot on the

subject’s shoulder and click to watch it
disappear.
Figure 40 – Image with White Spot
19 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
To repair blemishes:
1. Open the removing_acne.jpg file.

2. In the Tools panel, right-click the Spot Healing Brush

Tool, and then click the Healing Brush Tool
.
 3. Set the Size of the brush to a size slightly larger than the size
of the acne.

4. Set the Hardness of the brush to 0%.

5. Hold down the Alt key and click an unblemished part of

the skin with texture similar to the area needing repair, and
then release the Alt key.

6. Place the mouse pointer over the acne on the subject’s face
and click once to watch it disappear (see Figure 41).

7. Repeat steps 3 to 6 to repair any other remaining skin

imperfections on the subject’s face (see
Figure 42).
Figure 41 – Unrepaired Image
Figure 42 – Repaired Image
To make larger body markings disappear:
1. Open the removing_tattoo.jpg file.

2. In the Tools panel, right-click the Healing Brush Tool,

and then click the Patch Tool (see Figure
43).
3. Drag to select the area of the image you want to repair (see
Figure 44).
NOTE: If the area needing repair is very large, work on a section
of it at a time.
Figure 43 – Selecting the Patch Tool
Figure 44 – Patch Tool Marquee
4. Drag the selection to an area with clean, blemish-free skin
that has a texture similar to the area needing repair (see
Figure 45).

5. Release the mouse button and watch as the selected

area blends with the sampled area (see
Figure 46).
20 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Figure 45 – Dragging the Selection
Figure 46 – Final Retouched Image
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 to remove the remaining parts of the
tattoo.

7. To remove the marquee selection, click the Select

menu, and then click Deselect, or click anywhere outside
the marquee selection region.
Adjusting Images Automatical y
Photoshop offers three automatic adjustments: Auto Tone, Auto
Contrast, and Auto Color. You can use these features to fix
pictures with very little effort. Auto Tone adjusts the tonal range
of an image. Auto Color removes color casts and adjusts the color
in the shadows, midtones, and highlights by neutralizing the
midtones and clipping the white and black pixels. Auto Contrast
turns the almost-lightest pixels in an image white and the almost-
darkest pixels black, and then redistributes the gray levels in
between.
To use auto adjustments:
 1. Open the auto_adjustments.jpg file.

2. Click the Image menu, and then click Auto Tone to

automatical y adjust the tonality of the image (see Figure 47).
Figure 47 – Image Menu When Selecting Auto Tone
3. Click the Image menu, and then click Auto Color to remove
any color casts.

4. Click the Image menu, and then click Auto Contrast to

automatical y adjust the contrast of the image.
NOTE: The adjustments are applied directly onto the layer (see
Figure 48).
21 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Figure 48 – Image Before and After Applying Auto
Adjustments
Saving Images
Image files can be saved in different file formats (see Table 2 and
Table 3). It is vital to save image files progressively along the way
to minimize potential work loss due to technical difficulties or
other
unexpected events. Compressed images degrade when
repeatedly saved. However, uncompressed
images, while larger in file size, do not.
Table 2 – Image File Formats (Compressed)
Extension
Format
Description
JPEG or JPG
Joint Photographic

Preserves color fidelity of photographic images

that contain Experts Group

gradations of color (i.e., continuous tone).

Displays mil ions of colors.

PNG
Portable Network

Can save partially transparent pixels

using alpha Graphics

transparency (i.e., any one of 256 levels of

opacity). Limited to 256 colors.

GIF
Graphics
8-bit file format which can save up to 256 colors. Good for
Interchange Format images containing flat-color areas, shapes, and type.
BMP
Bitmap
Standard bit-mapped graphics format used in Windows.
Used for graphic files.
Table 3 – Image File Formats (Uncompressed)
Extension
Format
Description
TIFF or TIF
Tagged Image File
Photographic file standard. Saves layers, layer transparency,

Format
adjustment layers, editable type layers, layer effects, grids,
and guides.
PSD
Photoshop
Photoshop’s native file format.
Document
RAW
Digital Negative
Digital negative file format.
22 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
To save an image for the first time:
1. Click the File menu, and then click Save As.

2. In the Save As dialog box, select a location to save the file.

3. Type a name for the image in the File name box.

4. Click the Format arrow and select the desired file format
from the list (see
Figure 49).
NOTE: Only the native Photoshop (PSD), Large Document
Format (PSB), TIFF, and Photoshop
PDF formats can save files that contain multiple layers.
5. Click the Save button.

6. If an Options dialog box opens, select the desired options,

and then click the OK button.
NOTE: To save changes to an already saved image, click the
File menu, and then click Save.
Figure 49 – Save As Dialog Box
Printing Images
Achieving a good print from an image depends on a variety of
things such as the type of printer and paper being used, the quality
of the digital image, and the calibration of the monitor.
NOTE: For most desktop ink-jet printers, leave the image file
in RGB Color mode and allow the printer’s driver to perform
the conversion to CMYK to achieve the best results.
Flattening and Sharpening Images Before Printing
Before printing, you should flatten all layers to decrease the file
size, thereby making it easier for the printer to process the
image. Applying the Unsharp Mask filter adjusts the contrast
of the edge detail and creates the il usion of a more focused
image.
23 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
To flatten an image:
1. Click the Layer menu, and then click Flatten Image.
NOTE: If the Flatten Image option is disabled, this means that
the file does not contain multiple layers.
2. Click the File menu, and then click Save As to save the
flattened image as a separate file.
NOTE: Once an image has been flattened, the individual layers are
not visible or editable. Saving the flattened version as a separate
file will allow you to preserve the layered version for future
editing.
To apply the Unsharp Mask filter:
1. Make sure the flattened image file is open.
 2. Click the Filter menu, point to Sharpen, and then click
Unsharp Mask.

3. In the Unsharp Mask dialog box, type 150 in the

Amount box, 3.0 in the Radius box, and 1 in the
Threshold box (see Figure 50).

4. Click the OK button.

5. Click the File menu, and then click Save. The layers have
been flattened and the image has been sharpened. It is now
ready to be printed.
Figure 50 – Unsharp Mask Dialog Box
NOTE: The Amount control determines how much to increase the
contrast of pixels; the Radius control determines the number of
pixels surrounding the edge pixels that affect the sharpening;
and the Threshold control determines how different a pixel must
be from the surrounding area before it is considered an edge pixel
and sharpened by the filter (see Figure 50 and Table 4).
24 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
Table 4 – Unsharp Mask Settings
Type of Image
Amount
Radius
Threshold
For soft objects (e.g., people, animals, flowers, and

150%
1
10
rainbows).
For portraits.
75%
2
3
For cityscapes, urban photography, and travel.

150%
3
1
For general use.
85%
1
4
For web sharpening.
200%
0.3
0
For moderate sharpening (e.g., product shots).

120%
1
3
For maximum sharpening or out of focus images.
65%
4
3
To print an image:
1. Click the File menu, and then click Print. The Print
dialog box opens (see Figure 51).
Figure 51 – Print Dialog Box
2. Click the Printer arrow and select the desired printer from the
list.
NOTE: Depending on the type of printer selected, a different
dialog box may open offering
varying levels of commands and printer features.

3. To set the paper orientation, click the

Portrait button or the Landscape button
.

4. In the Position and Size section, under Position, select the

Center check box to center the image on the paper.
25 | Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 Part 1: The Basics
NOTE: You can move and place the image anywhere within the
printable area of the paper by deselecting the Center check box.
5. In the Position and Size section, under Scaled Print Size, select the
Scale to
Fit Media check box to fit the whole image to the print size of the
paper.
NOTE: When the Scale to Fit Media option is not selected, you
can manual y change the scale of the image by typing a number
in the Scale box or dragging the corners of the image outline to
rescale the image in the live preview pane located on the left side
of the dialog box.

Photoshop I – Basic Photo

Editing
Adobe Photoshop is famously known for its ability to manipulate varieties
of photographs, videos, text, and so much more. Photoshop has infinite
amounts of tools that can be used to manipulate any type of digital art. The
goal of this session is to help you comprehend the basic menus, tools, and
other options used in Photoshop so you may roam through Photoshop easily.

Objectives
 • New features in Photoshop CS6

o User Interface
changes o Auto save

• Explore the menus

Menu Bar

Tools Bar

Tool-Options Bar

2. Use Kuler and Mini Bridge

Create color themes

Import images

2. Understand Layers

3. Create a Flyer

4. Retouch a photograph

Updates in Photoshop CS6

 Photoshop CS6 contains new features such as the dark new interface and
the option to auto save your work. Anyone who has used an older version of
Photoshop may be familiar with the light gray interface Photoshop had
before, but now users are given the option to work in a darker or lighter
interface. This new interface is useful because users may be working on a
dark colored canvas and may wish to have a lighter interface so that it is
easier for them to see their canvas.
New Interface

Photoshop CS6 has four different color themes: Black, Dark Gray,
Medium Gray, and Light Gray.
When you open Photoshop, the default interface color is set to Dark
Gray. In order to apply different color themes, do the following:
1. Hold down Alt + F1 to make the interface Black.
However, if one wishes to make the interface lighter,
2. Simply hold down Alt + F2. Click it continuously to make it
lighter.

Now this changes the color theme for the entire interface. First, you
need to have a new document open.

3. Go to “File” in your menu bar.

4. Then select “New.”

5. A dialog box should appear.

In this dialog box, you can rename, resize, and change the resolution
of the document.
 6. Click “OK.”

7. Right-click on the area behind the canvas.

Right click on the workspace behind the canvas and you are given
different options.

3
 You may be able to change the workspace to Black, Dark Gray, Medium
Gray, Light Gray, and to your very own custom color. Notice how only the
workspace behind the canvas changes colors.
8. Select different color themes.
4
 Auto save

The next new feature given in Photoshop CS6 is the ability to auto save your
work. Often times a user may be working with Photoshop and the program
might end up crashing. It would be convenient for users if Photoshop would
save their work every so often, and now Photoshop does have the power to
save users’ work every five to sixty minutes. Auto saving allows you to
restore your work so when you open Photoshop back up again, anything that
was automatically saved will be recovered. However, due to deepfreeze
installed on all AT Lab computers, auto save will not work if the computer
crashes.
In order to confirm that Photoshop is saving your work, you must:
7. Go to “Edit” in the menu bar.

8. Navigate all the way down and click “Preferences.”

9. Select the option: “File Handling.”

 You will then see this dialog box pop up:

Under the “File Saving Options,” you may tell Photoshop to save your work.
Checking the box ensures that you are confirming that you wish for your
work to be saved every so often. You may also change how frequently you
would like for Photoshop to save your work.

3. Check the box titled “Automatically Save Recovery Information

Every:”

4. Click the drop-down menu for the time.

5. Select “5 Minutes.”
 er LaExploring the menus

While using Photoshop, you will notice that some of the features we use
will seem familiar to you, such as the menu bar. It is likely that the “File”
menu will look familiar. Photoshop has extended options under its menu
bar which allows us to manipulate our photos, or any file we may be
working on.
Menu Bar

The options that range from “Edit” through “3D” grant us the option to
edit our image or text. The “View” and “Window” options enable us to
change our workspace or to view it in a particular way.

Tools Bar

On the left hand side, we have the tools bar, which is sectioned out in four
groups. The groups are divided by a thin, gray horizontal line. The first
group in the tools group is the Selection Group, the following is the
Brushes Group. Then we have the Vector Group, and the last one is the
Motion & Animation Group.
7
 Understanding Tools

Photoshop has a variety of tools set available for us, and sometimes that
makes it difficult for us to keep track of every tool’s name. However, if you
hover over any tool in the tools bar, Photoshop will tell you the name of the
tool and the keyboard shortcut you can use to access it. For instance, the
first tool in the tools bar is called the Move Tool, and pressing “V” on your
keyboard will allow you to select that particular tool.

4. Hover over the Move Tool.

5. Press “V” on your keyboard.

You may notice that some of the tools in the tools bar have a small, white
arrow located in the lower right corner of the icon.
2. Click and hold down on the Rectangular Marquee Tool.

By holding down on that white arrow, we are given even more

tools within that tool group to work with.

Here you’ll see when we open the submenu within the Rectangular
Marquee Tool, it has several different tools that fall within that one
tool group.
Tool-Options Bar

With each tool come more options and properties that may be altered. When
you select a tool, the tool-options bar changes. Each tool has its specific
properties, so any one tool will not have the same tool-options bar as
another tool. The tool-options bar is located under the menu bar.
5. Click on the Blur Tool from the Tools Bar. Look at the Tool-
Options Bar.

6. Click on the Spot Healing Brush Tool from the Tools Bar.
Look at the Tool-Options Bar.

Notice the difference between the tool-options bar for the Blur Tool,
and the tool-options bar for the Spot Healing Brush Tool.
 Palettes

On the right side of Photoshop, we have our palettes. These palettes create
our workspace, and we have the option to choose which workspace we wish
to work with. When you first open Photoshop, the default palette will include
the Color panel, the Adjustments panel, and the Layers panel. On the left side
of the palette, we have the quick access tool bar which includes the history
button as well as the properties button.
 Workspace

Photoshop provides varieties of tools for us to use, and it would be a bit

confusing if we had all those tools covering the space in which we wish to
work. Therefore, Photoshop has created different workspaces with specific
tools set for Photographers or even Painters. Now we’re going to take a
look at the different workspaces Photoshop has to offer. The default
workspace is set to “Essentials.”

2. Click on “Essentials.”

You will see a drop down menu filled with multiple workspaces.
2. Click on the different Workspaces.
The different workspaces shown below are:
 All of the workspaces are slightly different from one another, but the one
thing they have in common is that each one has a layers panel. The only
workspace that looks different from the rest is the “New in CS6” workspace.
This particular workspace has a combination of panels from the other
workspaces.
3. Now click on “Essentials.”
For this session we will be working in the Essentials workspace
since it has the most frequently used features.
 Using Kuler and Mini Bridge

Working with Kuler

Kuler is an online application which was recently added to Photoshop, and

was turned into an iPhone app. Kuler allows us to view different color
themes, add them to our swatches, and even create our own color theme.
This application can be very convenient for anyone who is looking to create
their custom color theme for a website or for tinting images with particular
colors.
In order to open Kuler, do the following:
6. Go to “Window” in the Menu Bar.

7. Hover over “Extensions.”

8. Select “Kuler.”

Over on the right side, Kuler will show up next to the panels.
8. Click on “About.”

Here you will get a brief description about Kuler.

9. Now navigate to “Browse.”

You may browse freely for any particular color theme you wish to
find by using the search engine.

10. Click “Highest Rated.”

A drop down menu will appear once you click on “Highest Rated,”
and you may choose whether you wish to view popular color themes,
or random color themes as well as other options.

11. Select “Most Popular.”

12. Click on the color theme “Watermelon.”

You will know that the color theme you clicked on is selected
because it will be highlighted in blue.
5. Navigate to the Color panel.

Let’s turn our attention to the Color panel for a moment to see the
changes we’re about to make in a real time preview.

6. Click the “Swatches” tab.

Draw your attention near the bottom right corner of Kuler. Here you
will see two buttons that give you the option to either edit your theme
or to add it to your swatches.
11. Click the “Add selected theme to swatches” button.
 2. Look at the Swatches panel.

Notice how the last five colors are from the Watermelon color theme
we just added.

Now let’s bring our attention back to Kuler. The other button allows us to
create our very own color theme.

13. Click the “Edit theme in Create panel” button.

Kuler will automatically open the “Create” tab.
3. Click on “Custom.”

A drop down menu will appear. You can view all the different rules you
can use to create your own color theme. The color rules are the
following:

Analogous- Colors that are adjacent to

one another. Monochromatic- Colors of
a single hue.

Triad- Three equally spaced colors.

Complementary- Compliment each
other. Compound- A range of
complimentary colors. Shades-
Different shades of a single color.
Custom- Create your own color
theme.

5. Go through all the rules and see the difference.

You may freely move the sliders on the color circle, and the color
theme at the bottom will change. Also, if you move the RGB color
sliders at the bottom, you can change the base color.
 Uploading Photos using Mini Bridge

Now that you are familiar with some of the menus as well as Kuler in
Photoshop, we’ll move on and discuss how to import images into Photoshop
using Mini Bridge. Adobe Bridge is one of the programs that come in the
Adobe suite package with Photoshop. However, within Photoshop itself we
have Mini Bridge. You may be most familiar with going to ”Open” from the
menu bar, however we will be using a different approach for uploading our
images in this lesson. Mini Bridge can be located within the window tab in
the menu bar or at the very bottom of Photoshop.

There are several ways to access Mini Bridge, one method is to locate
Mini Bridge under the “Window” tab.
3. Go to “Window” in the menu bar.

4. Navigate to “Extensions.”

5. Select “Mini Bridge.”

The second method is by locating Mini Bridge at the bottom of

Photoshop. You may simply click on the “Mini Bridge” tab.
Once you found Mini Bridge using either method, you should see the
option to launch Mini Bridge.

3. Click “Launch Bridge.”

 You will then see a sign that says “No items to display.”

6. Select “Exercise Files” folder.

Now you will be able to view all of your photos within that folder in a
way that resembles a film strip. You can open your photos using
“Open” in the File tab, however, using Mini Bridge allows us to
import our images into Photoshop layers.

We will be working with the images titled “lights.jpg” and

“singer.jpg.”

7. Select “lights.jpg”

8. Hold down “Ctrl” on your keyboard.

Holding down “Ctrl” allows us to select multiple photos at once.

9. Now Select “singer.jpg.”

10. Click “Enter” on your keyboard.

You will notice that the two images have now been uploaded into
two different tabs underneath the tool-options bar.
 11. Double-click the Mini Bridge tab.

This drops down the Mini Bridge application so that we have more
space to work with.

* “Singer.jpg” was taken from http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/ *

 Understanding Layers

Now that we have successfully imported our images onto Photoshop, we

will begin to explore layers. We will discuss what layers are and how we
can use them.
Concept of Layers

Imagine that you are holding a stack of three transparencies. There is

writing on one transparency, a large image on another, and the last is
blank. If the transparency with the large image in on top, obviously you are
unable to see the text that is on the transparency behind it. Additionally, if
you take a dry-erase marker and draw on the blank transparency, you are
only making changes to the transparency you are working on. Also, if you
don’t need the blank transparency, you can take it out of the stack.

This analogy applies well to the concept of layers. The order of the layers
changes the way you see your files in your Photoshop window. You can only
make changes to a layer (transparency) if you have that layer selected. Also,
you have the ability to add and delete layers.
Background Layer

You may notice that now in the layers panel there is a layer titled
“Background” with a little lock on the side:
A Background layer is locked and may not be moved. However you can
either rename the layer or remove the lock in order to change the
Background layer into a normal layer.
6. Double-click layer.

A dialog box will show up.

7. Rename layer “Singer.”

You should also rename the other image to “Lights.”

8. Click “OK.”
 However if you do not want to change the name of the layer, and
simply wish to remove the lock then do the following:

3. Click and drag the lock icon all the way down to the trash can
located at the bottom of the layers panel.

You should then see that the layer has been changed to “Layer 0.”

Working with Layers and Tools

Now that you have a better understanding of layers, we will begin to

combine all of our photos into one tab. You should already have all of your
images opened up in their own tabs. We will move “singer.jpg” to the
“lights.jpg” tab.

3. Navigate to “Window” in the Menu Bar.

4. Go to “Arrange.”

5. Select “Tile All Vertically.”

 Your screen should now look like this:

4. Push “V” on your keyboard.

We will use the Move Tool to relocate singer.jpg.

5. Click into the “singer.jpg” tab.

6. Hold and drag the image to the “lights.jpg” tab until you see a
white outline around the tab.

7. Drop the image into the tab by releasing your hold on the mouse.
You should now have a copy of “singer.jpg” placed in the “lights.jpg”
tab.
Close the “singer.jpg” tab since we have transferred the image over
to the “lights.jpg” tab.

6. Click the “X” located in the upper right corner

of the tab. You should now have “Singer”

placed on top of “Lights.”

We will now change the size of our image by using Free Transform.

Free Transform allows you to resize, reshape, and make other

various modifications to your images.
9. First, use the Move Tool to drag “singer” to the upper left corner of the
canvas.

4. Navigate to Edit within the Menu Bar.

5. Select “Free Transform.”

A keyboard shortcut for Free Transform is “Ctrl+T.”

You should now have an outline surrounding the image “Singer.”
7. While holding down “Shift” on the keyboard, grab the lower
right corner of “Singer” and drag it out until it covers the
entire canvas.
Holding down “Shift” constrains the proportions of our image.
 7. Click “Enter” on the keyboard to confirm the changes you have
made.

8. Select the “Quick Selection Tool” within the Selection Group.

The Quick Selection Tool expands your selection to perceived edges in

the image. You can easily make a large/small selection if you
increase/decrease the size of your brush.

One thing you must keep in mind while creating a selection is that you will
use the “Shift” key on your keyboard if you wish to add more to a selection.
If you make a mistake with your selection, and do not wish to start over,
holding down “Alt” on the keyboard while using the selection tool will
remove that section. This concept applies to all the selection tools.

Adjust your brush size to about 80 pixels.

3. Go to Tool-Options Bar.

4. Click on drop-down menu and change brush size to 80 pixels.

 Now we’re going to make a selection of the singer.

4. Using the “Quick Selection Tool,” start selecting the singer in

the image, and avoid getting the background.

You should now see something that looks like marching-ants around
the singer. Notice how there is a small section of the background that
has been selected between the singer’s
 hand and his shirt. Also, there is a tiny piece of the background
between the singer’s fingers and the microphone.

If you happen to make a selection of the background by mistake, you

can simply use the “Alt” key on the keyboard to deselect a particular
area.

5. While having the “Quick Selection Tool” still selected, hold

down “Alt” on the keyboard and click on the space between the
singer’s hand and his shirt to deselect that particular area.

Your image should now look like this:

 However, we still need to deselect the area between the
singer’s fingers and the microphone. Now this area is really
small, so we’ll need to zoom in.

6. While holding down “Alt” on the keyboard, use the scroll button
on your mouse to zoom in.
Your screen should now look like this:
 The size of our brush is too large. We can easily adjust the size of
our brush without having to navigate to the tool-options bar. Use
the left and right bracket keys near the “Enter” key on the keyboard
to manually change the size of our brush.

3. Click the left bracket key several times to decrease the size of our
brush until it’s about 9 pixels.

4. Now hold down “Alt” on the keyboard, and select the

small area of the background that we wish to deselect.
At this point, the image should look like this:
 Let’s zoom out of our image.
3. Hold down “Alt” and use the scroll on the mouse to zoom out.

Our image may have a rough selection so we are going to use

“Refine Edge” located in the Tool-Options Bar to smooth out our
selection a bit. Refine Edge has options that
 allows us to move the borders of an image inward or outward,
depending on what it is we wish to do.

3. Click “Refine Edge.”

A dialog box should pop-up.

 Use the options within Refine Edge to your preference.

5. Adjust the “Smooth” slider to 100.

The “Smooth” adjustment bar reduces irregular areas (“hills

and valleys”) in the selection border to create a smoother
outline.

6. Click “OK” when you are done.

We have successfully made a selection of the singer, and have

adjusted the rough edges within the photo. However, we wish to get
rid of the background, so now we will select the inverse of our
selection.

7. Right-click anywhere within your selection.

4. Click on “Select Inverse.”

Marching ants should appear around everything other than the singer.
28. Push the “Delete” key on the keyboard to delete the background from
the image.

3. Click “Ctrl+D” on the keyboard to remove the

marching ants. “Ctrl+D” is for deselecting a
selection.
 Adding, Deleting, and Rearranging Layers

At this point, you should be familiar with how to rename layers, unlock
background layers, and how to move a layer from one tab to the next. Now
we’re going to talk about how to add, remove, and rearrange layers, as well
as how to change the opacity of a layer.
Take a look at the bottom part of the Layer’s Panel.

Click on the icon that looks like a sticky note. That icon should give you the
option to “add a new layer.” Once you click on the icon, a new layer should
appear before the layer titled “Singer.”
4. Click and hold the “Gradient Tool.”

5. Select “Paint Bucket Tool.”

6. Double-click on the foreground color.

 Now we will take some time to explain the Color Picker window.

Within the Color Picker window, you have the ability to modify the color you
would like to work with. You might have noticed the different buttons listed
as “H:,” “S:,” and “B:.” These buttons typically represent the hue,
saturation, and brightness of a color.

Hue is defined as the type of color you are selecting, saturation is the
amount of grey that is mixed into the hue, and brightness is the
luminance of the color.

6. Change the RGB values to 255,

200, and 83. These RGB values
create a light orange color.

5. Click “OK.”
9. Paint your canvas.

Your Layer’s Panel should look like this:

3. Hold and drag Layer 1 so that it’s between “Singer” and “Lights.”

We are rearranging our layers so that we can view the singer on top
of the new colored layer.
 The singer should now appear on a colored background.

The Lights layer has not been deleted; it is simply stacked under Layer
1.
If we click on the eye icon next to Layer 1, we can hide the layer so
that we can see what is underneath it.
8. Click on the eye icon.

Once you should click on it, the eye disappears.

8. Click on the eye icon once again to reveal Layer 1.

9. Change the opacity to 25%.

Changing the opacity of a layer can make that layer look more
transparent.

We should now have a nice light tint of orange showing up behind the
singer.
 If you wish to get rid of Layer 1, you can simply delete the layer.

3. Select Layer 1.

4. Hit “Delete” on the keyboard.

5. Or you can hold and drag the layer to the trash can icon located at
the bottom of the Layer’s Panel.

You should now have a basic understanding of what layers are, the different
types of layers, combining layers to the same tab, renaming layers,
rearranging layers, adding and deleting layers. We even explored several
different tools within Photoshop that we can use to manipulate our layers.
Let’s take our knowledge of working with layers and start creating a flyer.
 Creating a Flyer

While creating a flyer, we will go over several different steps of how to

combine images, add text, rotate images and text, as well as merging our
layers into a single layer. Many of the students that come into the labs often
use Photoshop to create posters or flyers for their projects, events, and
organizations. We will create a graduation themed flyer to understand some
of the other tools within Photoshop.

Our goal is to create a flyer that will look like this:

 Downloading Fonts
Before we create the flyer, we will download the fonts that will be added to
the flyer.

6. Click on this link:

http://fontfabric.com/metropolis-free-font/ A
webpage should now appear displaying the
Metropolis font.

7. Scroll down until you see this download button:

3. Select the option to “save as.”

8. Click “OK.”

The .zip folder should appear on your desktop.

9. Right-click the folder.

10. Navigate to 7-Zip.

11. Extract the files.

12. Click “OK.”

 A new folder should now be present on your desktop.

13. Double-click the “metropolis(1)” folder to open it.

14. Double-click on “Metropolis 1920.otf.”

11. Click “Install.”
 The font, Metropolis, has now been installed and will appear in
Photoshop. We will now install another font called “Pacifico.”

3. Click on this link:

http://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/pacifico A new
webpage should appear.

4. Click on “Download TTF” at the top of the page.

5. Select the option to “save as” as you did previously.

6. Right-click the .zip file and navigate to 7-Zip.

7. Choose “Extract files.”

8. Click “OK.”

A new folder has been added to your desktop.

9. Open the folder by double-clicking on it.

10. Right click on “Pacifico.ttf.”

5. Go to “Open with.”

6. Select “Windows Font Viewer.”

7. Click “Install.”

Combining and Modifying Images

5. Navigate to Photoshop.

6. Click “New” within the File tab in the Menu Bar.

7. Rename the document to “Flyer.”

8. Change “Pixels” to “Inches.”

9. Input the Width: 5 and Height: 8

10. Change Color Mode to “CMYK

Color.” CMYK are ink colors that
are used for printing.
7. Click “OK.”

8. Using Mini Bridge, Select the following images: Design.psd

and Sally.png.

9. Click “Enter” on the keyboard.

You should now have all of your images opened up in separate

tabs. The active tab at this moment should be “Sally.png.”
3. Push “V” on the keyboard to access the Move Tool.

4. Click and hold “Sally.png”

5. Drag your cursor to the “Flyer” tab until it opens up, then
move your cursor to the canvas until a white outline appears
around your workspace.

6. Let “Sally.png” go on the blank canvas within the

“Flyer” tab. You should now have a copy of
“Sally.png” within the “Flyer” tab.
6. Close the tab titled “Sally.png”

7. Navigate back to the “Flyer” tab.

8. Click the “Background” layer within the Layer’s Panel.

9. Push “Delete” on the keyboard.

The image should now have a transparent background.

2. Go to “Image” within the Menu Bar.

3. Navigate to “Image Rotation.”

4. Select “Arbitrary.”
 This dialog box should appear:

5. Change the Angle to 3, and select CCW.

6. Click “OK.”

7. If needed, adjust the image so that it looks like this:

6. Click the “Design.psd” tab.

7. Use the Move Tool to hold and drag “Design.psd” to the

“Flyer” tab.

8. Close the “Design.psd” tab since we no longer need it.

9. Draw your attention back to the “Flyer” tab.

10. Using the arrow keys on the keyboard, adjust the banner so
that it looks like this:
6. Navigate to the “Gradient Tool” within the Tools Bar.

7. Click and hold on the tool until you see a submenu of other
tools.

8. Select the “Paint Bucket Tool.”

9. Double-click on the foreground color located at the bottom of

the Tools Bar. This dialog box will appear:

 26 Change the RGB values to 57.

We want to select a nice grey color for the background.

34. Click “OK.”

 Make sure Layer 2 is selected within the Layer’s Panel.

35. Now color in the top half of the canvas first.

36. Now select Layer 1.

37. Fill in the bottom half of the canvas.
 Adding Text
38. Push “X” on the keyboard to switch the position of the
foreground and background colors.
Before After

39. Select the “Horizontal Type Tool.”

We will be using the Horizontal Type Tool to add text to the flyer.

40. Within the Tool-Options Bar, select the font “Metropolis 1920.”

41. Change the Font size to 55.

42. Click within the first circle in the “design” image, and type in
“2.”

In this instant, you won’t be able to see anything. This is because

the new layer is stacked after the Layer 2. We need to move this
new text layer to the top.
43. Simply click on the text layer, hold and drag it on top of Layer 2.

You should now be able to see the text. Remember, layers are
similar to transparency sheets, recall that concept and apply it to
this situation.
44. Now click within the second circle and type in “0.”

45. Then click the check button within the Tool-Options Bar
to confirm the changes you made.

46. Click in the third circle and type in “1.”

47. Click the check button again.

48. Finally, click in the last circle and type in “3.”

49. Once again, click the check button within the Tool-
Options Bar. Your flyer should look similar to this:
Our text looks a little unorganized right now, we can use Rulers
to align our text, then we will group our text layers, and we will
use the Move Tool to organize our text.
50. Navigate to “View” within the menu bar.

51. Select “Rulers.”

You should now be able to see rulers located on the left side
and top side of your canvas.

52. Select the Move Tool.

53. Click and hold within the top ruler and drag your cursor
 down under your text.

A grey, horizontal line should follow your cursor, but once you
release your hold on your mouse, the line should appear as an
aqua colored line.

54. Click on each text layer and drag it on the aqua line.
Remember, you can only make changes to the layer that is currently
active or selected.
Go through each text layer and move the text so that it looks like
this:
55. Now select all of the text layers located in the Layer’s panel.

56. Push “Ctrl+g” on the keyboard.

The command “Ctrl+g” allows you to group your layers. We will

group our text layers so that we can move them as a whole rather
than moving them individually.
57. Look at the Layer’s panel.

The text layers have been converted into a group layer.

58. Align your text by using the arrow keys on your keyboard.

59. Hold and drag the aqua line back into the
top ruler. The aqua line is no longer
visible.

60. Navigate to “View” in the menu bar, and

uncheck “Rulers.” Your flyer should look like
this:
61. Select the “Horizontal Type Tool” again.

62. Click on the grey area right underneath the photo.

63. Change the font to “Pacifico.”

64. Change the font size to 36.

65. Type “University of Florida.”

66. Highlight the text.

67. Select the “text color” icon located in the Tool-Options Bar.

68. Change the RGB values to 218, 90, 32.

69. Click “OK.”

70. Click the check button to confirm the changes that were made.

71. Click on the area directly under “University of Florida.”

72. Change the font size to 24.

73. Type “Announcing the Graduation of.”

74. Highlight the text.

 75. Click the “text color” button again, and choose white.

76. Click “OK.”

77. Click the check button to confirm changes.

78. Once again, click under “Announcing…”

79. Change the font size to 34.

80. Type “Sally Smith.”

81. Click the check button again.

Your flyer should look something like this:

 We will align our text later, by using the Move Tool.
82. Click on the area under Sally’s name.

83. Change the font to “Vani,” and the font size to 15.

84. Type “Bachelor of Arts in Basket weaving.”

85. Click the check button.

86. Click on the area under “Bachelor...”

87. Change the font to “Metropolis 1920” once again.

88. Change the font size to 44.

89. Type “May 4 2013.”

90. Click check to confirm the changes that were made.

91. Now select the Move Tool and drag your text into place.

(Using the arrow keys on the keyboard are a quick and efficient
way of moving your text). Keep in mind that you need to select the
proper text layer from the Layer’s Panel if you wish to move it.

Your flyer should look something like this:

We will add one last piece of text to our flyer.

92. Select the “Horizontal Type Tool.”
93. Click on the area to the left of “2013.”

94. Change the font to “Pacifico” again.

95. Change the font size to 18.

96. Type “class.”

97. Push the “Enter” key on the keyboard.

98. Hit the spacebar key twice to align it to the center.

99. Then type “of.”

100. Click the check to confirm the changes that were made.

We will now rotate the text slightly.

101. Highlight “class of.”

102. Go to the “Edit” Tab within the Menu Bar.

103. Navigate to “Transform.”

104. Select “Rotate.”

 A small box should appear around the text.

105. Grab the upper left corner and tilt the text slightly to the
left until it looks like this:
 At this point, the flyer should look like this:

We will now create a small border around our flyer.

106. Select the “Rectangular Marquee Tool.”

107. Create a thin border around the flyer like this:

108. Right-click within our selection.

109. Choose “Select Inverse.”

Marching ants should appear as a border around the flyer.

110. Select Layer 2.

111. Select the Paint Bucket Tool.

112. Fill in the border.

113. Click “Ctrl+D” to deselect the selected area.
You should now have a white border around your flyer.
On the other hand, our Layer’s Panel is filled with layers!
 Let’s start off by rasterizing our text layers. Rasterizing the type
will change the font into pixels. For example, if you are typing a
document in Microsoft word, you can zoom infinitely into the text
and you will never see a pixel. However, in order to apply filters or
paint on text it needs to be converted into pixels. When you
rasterize type in Photoshop, you lose type editing and formatting
options and it is no longer scalable.
114. Select all of the text layers.
115. Right-click within one of the selected layers.
116. Choose “Rasterize Type.”

117. Now highlight all of the layers.

118. Right-click on one of the selected layers.

119. Choose “Merge Layers.”

All the layers have now been merged into a single layer.
120. Right-click on the layer.

121. Select “Flatten Image.”

Your layer should now have transformed into a background layer!

It’s best to flatten your image rather than simply merging it
because now your document is locked.
 Retouching a Photograph

A large number of times, people often use Photoshop to retouch

photographs. We will go over how a simple retouching can range from
removing blemishes to changing a person’s features.

Removing Blemishes
1. Open Mini Bridge.

2. Select “Blemishes.jpg.”

3. Push “Enter” on the keyboard.

4. Right-click on the background layer within the Layer’s panel.

5. Select “Duplicate Layer.”

We are going to create a duplicate layer so that we may easily

compare the changes we have made at the end.
 Your Layer’s panel should look like this:

6. Zoom in so that you have a clear view of the young man’s face.

7. Select the “Spot Healing Brush Tool.”

The Spot Healing Brush Tool is perfect for small blemishes such as
these. When you click on an area with the Spot Healing Brush, it
automatically samples pixels in the surrounding area and blends them
in with the area under your brush.
 8. On the tool options bar, change the radio button to
“Proximity Match”.

We will be working with the “Content Aware” feature in the next

session.

9. Adjust the size of your brush to slightly larger than the blemish
you are trying to hide.

Tip: When retouching a photograph, the best piece of advice is to

always work with a small brush size. If your brush size is too large
when using the Spot Healing Brush, it can create an obviously
pixelated area.

10. Click on any of the blemishes on

his face. The blemishes instantly
disappear.

Before using the Spot Healing Brush Tool. After using the Spot
Healing Brush Tool.
11. Select the “Patch Tool” from the Spot Healing Brush tool menu.
 This tool works in a similar manner, except now you can tell it
which pixels to sample and manually move them to the area you
would like to cover.

12. Draw a small selection around the area we wish to remove.

13. Hold and drag that selected area to a clear spot on his face.

Use this tool for any other spots you wish to remove. However, do
not touch the area under his eyes just yet!
14. Hide and unhide the background layer to compare changes.
15. Select the “Clone Stamp Tool.”

The Clone Stamp Tool allows you to sample pixels from a selected
area and you can copy those selected pixels over an area you wish to
modify. We will be using the Clone Stamp Tool to sample pixels to
cover the dark spots under the young man’s eyes.

16. Set the opacity to 20 within the tool-options bar.

Setting the opacity low helps ensure that our changes are not too
visible.

17. Hover over a light area near his eyes.

18. Push “Alt” on your keyboard to sample those pixels.
19. Now use the “Clone Stamp Tool” under his eyes to remove
the dark areas. After using the Clone Stamp Tool, the area
under his eyes should look clear.
 Changing the Eye Color
We have managed to remove the blemishes on the young man’s face. Now
we will modify the color of his eyes to add a lively touch to this image.
1. Select the “Magnetic Lasso Tool” within the Lasso Tool group.

2. On the tool-options bar, change the frequency to 100.

The frequency refers to how many anchors the Magnetic Lasso tool will
make as you drag it around the perimeter of your selection. This tool
works by seeking areas of high contrast to locate perceived edges.

3. Zoom in close to both his eyes.

4. Use the Magnetic Lasso Tool to select the area around the iris of
the eye.
If you make a mistake, use “delete” to remove the last point, or “Esc”
to start over.

5. Press “Alt” to remove the circular pupil from the selection.

6. Hold down “Shift” and create a selection around the other eye.

7. Press “Alt” to remove the pupil area.

8. Navigate to “Image” within the menu bar.

9. Go to “Adjustments.”

10. Select “Color

Balance.” A dialog
box should appear.
 You can adjust these color sliders to change the color of the selected
area.

11. Create a new color for

his eyes. Try to keep the
changes natural.
12. Click “OK.”

Before we deselect the selected area, we are going to apply one last
change to his eyes. We are going to add more depth to the young
man’s eyes by using the “Dodge Tool.”

13. In the Tools bar, select the “Dodge Tool.”

The Dodge Tool is used to lighten areas of the image. It works much
light the “Brightness” feature that you may have encountered in
another image editing program, but instead of applying changes to
the entire image, it works only on the areas you paint with your brush.

14. Navigate to the tool-options bar.

 15. Change the Range to “Highlights.”

16. Change the Exposure to 50%.

17. Click a few times within the iris of his eyes.

18. Zoom out to get a clear view of his face.

19. Use “Ctrl+D” to deselect the selected area.

Conclusion

During this introduction to Photoshop you have learned a wealth of

information. You are now adept at navigating through the menus, tool bar,
and tool options bar. You also have a practical knowledge of some of the
 tools within each group. Now you will be able to navigate through
Photoshop comfortably. However, Photoshop has an endless list of tools,
and it would be impossible to teach you everything in Photoshop, which is
why we encourage you to explore Photoshop while working or in your spare
time!
 Activity

To help reinforce all the material you’ve learned in this lesson, you are
going to complete an activity individually. Completing this activity will
strengthen your skills and will test your memory. The activity is an hour
long, and the Training staff will be more than happy to assist you if
needed. Please begin by following the instructions listed below.

Create a Flyer
The following are required:
1. Name your document.

2. Create a flyer with a width of 5 and a height of 8.

3. Add at least 2 images.

4. Include a color for your flyer.

5. Change the opacity of a layer or an image.

6. Add text.

7. Apply color to text.

8. Rotate either an image or text.

9. Create a border.

Retouch a Photograph
 The Following are required:
1. Open Bride.jpg in Photoshop.

2. Create a duplicate layer.

3. Remove the blemishes by using the Spot Healing Brush Tool (set
it to proximity match in the tool-options bar).

4. Use the Patch Tool to remove the wrinkles near her eyes.

5. Use the Clone Stamp Tool (Change opacity to 30%) to remove

the dark spots under the eyes.

6. Change the color of her eyes.

7. Add depth to her eyes by using the Dodge Tool. (Range:

Highlights and

Exposure: 50%).

8. Use the Quick Selection Tool to select the bride’s headband,

earring, and dress.

9. Then use the Dodge tool (Exposure: 15%) to lighten the selected
areas.