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Computer system components

1- Micro Processor Unit (MPU).

2- Random Access Memory (RAM).

3- Read Only Memory (ROM).

4- Peripherals.
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Micro Processor Unit

It is considered as the brain of the computer, at which all the

mathematical and logical operations take place.

1- Consists of number of cores, as the number of cores increases, the

performance of this processor increases.

2- Processor performance is measured by the number of operations

(Mathematical or logical) that can be done in 1 second.

3- Processors are compared by the number of the Giga hertz, A

“hertz” (Hz) means “times per second” and “giga” (G) is a SI prefix
that means “a billion.”, also by the number of cores which each
processor have.

Example: -

4 cores, 3.3 GHZ ----------- 4 x 3.3 GHZ

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Random Access Memory

It is a form of computer memory which can be read and changed in any

order during the active working time of the computers.

1-Its capacity is measured by the number of the single building unit

which is the Byte.

2-It give very fast response to share data to and from the processor.

3-It is considered as a volatile type of memory, as the stored data is

active only when the electricity is on, and the stored data is vanished
when electricity is off.

Example: -

8 Giga byte Ram

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Read Only Memory

The memory from which we can only read but cannot write on it, this
type of memory is non-volatile.

1-Its capacity is measured by the number of the single building unit

which is the Byte, and it could be very large in capacity compared to the
RAM.

2-It give slower response to share data to and from the processor
compared to the RAM.

3-It is considered as a non-volatile type of memory, as the stored data

is saved even after turning off the electricity.
Example: -

1 tera byte hard disk

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System on board

The system board is also called the (motherboard) or the (main board),
It means inserting all the computer components on a single circuit
board as the large computers we have, and we normally see.

Advantages of system on board: -

1-Easy to use.
2-Easy to Adapt.

Dis-Advantages of system on board: -

1-High in cost
2-Less flexibility due to the large volume of it.
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System on Chip

The system it means inserting all the computer components on a single

silicon chip as the micro-controllers of most of embedded systems
applications.

Advantages of system on Chip: -

1-High flexibility due to its own small size.

2-Very low in price compared to systems on boards.

Dis-Advantages of system on board: -

1-Harder to use.
2-Harder to adapt.
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Busses

In Computer Architecture, a bus is a communication system that

transfers data between components inside a computer.

Address Bus Wires integrated together, to reach out a

certain location in the memory.
Number of wires is created according to
the size of the RAM.

Address bus/8 ------------- 256-byte RAM

Data Bus Wires integrated together, to change the
data or transfer it, from and to processor.

Number of wires controls the speed of

transferring of the data.

Data Bus/8
Data Bus/16
Data Bus/32
Control Bus Just 1 wire, control what you want to do in
1 process.

Can be 0 or 1, one for read data and one

for write data.