GROUP

FOUR
OUR TOPIC IS ALL ABOUT :

DEAFNESS
HEARING IMPAIRMENT
DEAF-BLINDNESS
 DEAFNESS
Deafness is a condition characterized by partial or
complete loss of hearing. It can result from
various factors, including genetics, illness,
exposure to loud noises, or age-related changes
in the inner ear. Deaf individuals may use sign
language, lip-reading, or hearing aids to
communicate.
WHAT IS THE REASON
OF BEING DEAF?
Deafness can be caused by various factors,
including genetic conditions, congenital issues,
infections, exposure to loud noises, age-related
factors, and certain medical treatments. It can
result from damage to the ear's auditory system
or problems with the nerves involved in hearing.
The specific cause varies among individuals.
Inborn deafness, also known as congenital
deafness, occurs when a person is born with a
hearing impairment. This can be due to genetic
factors, where the individual inherits the
condition from their parents, or it may result
from prenatal factors such as infections or
complications during pregnancy that affect the
development of the auditory system in the
fetus. In some cases, the exact cause may not
be identified. Deafness is a diverse condition
with varying degrees and causes. Some key
points to know:
1. Degrees of Deafness It ranges from mild to profound. Mild
cases may have difficulty hearing faint sounds, while profound
deafness means little to no hearing.

2. Communication Methods Deaf individuals may use sign

language, lip-reading, cochlear implants, or hearing aids to
communicate.

3. Cultural Identity Deaf culture is a distinct community with its

own language (e.g., American Sign Language), traditions, and
identity.
4. Technological Aids Cochlear implants and hearing aids
can assist many deaf individuals in improving their hearing
or communication abilities.
5. Educational Challenges Deaf individuals may face unique
challenges in education. Some attend mainstream schools
with support, while others may attend specialized deaf
schools.
6. Social Awareness Being mindful of communication
preferences and providing accessibility (e.g., captions, sign
language interpreters) helps create an inclusive
environment.
4. Technological Aids Cochlear implants and hearing aids
can assist many deaf individuals in improving their hearing
or communication abilities.
5. Educational Challenges Deaf individuals may face unique
challenges in education. Some attend mainstream schools
with support, while others may attend specialized deaf
schools.
6. Social Awareness Being mindful of communication
preferences and providing accessibility (e.g., captions, sign
language interpreters) helps create an inclusive
environment.
 HOW TO COMMUNICATE ON
THE DEAF PEOPLE?

01
Learn Basic Sign Language
Familiarize yourself with basic
sign language gestures. This
can facilitate communication
and show your effort to
connect.
02
Face the Person
Ensure you face the person
directly when speaking. This
allows them to see your facial
expressions and lip
movements, aiding lip-reading.
 HOW TO COMMUNICATE
ON THE DEAF PEOPLE?
03
Speak Clearly
Enunciate your words clearly
but avoid exaggerated lip
movements. Shouting doesn't
necessarily help and can distort
lip patterns.
04
Use Written Communication
If applicable, use written notes or
messages to convey information.
Technology, such as texting or
messaging apps, can also be
useful.
 HOW TO COMMUNICATE ON
THE DEAF PEOPLE?

05
Ask for Communication Preferences
Respect individual preferences.
Some may prefer sign language,
while others may rely on lip-reading
or written communication.
06
Avoid Interrupting
Allow enough time for the
person to process and
respond. Interrupting can be
more challenging for someone
who relies on visual or written
communication.
 HOW TO COMMUNICATE ON
THE DEAF PEOPLE?
07
Visual Cues Use gestures,
body language, and visual cues
to enhance understanding.
Pointing, nodding, and other
non-verbal cues can be helpful.
08
Be Patient and Respectful
Patience is key. If you don't
understand, ask clarifying
questions politely. Respect their
communication style and
preferences.
HEARING IMPAIRMENT
Hearing impairment refers to a partial or complete inability
to hear. It can range from mild to profound, impacting an
individual's ability to perceive sounds, speech, or other
auditory stimuli. Causes include genetic factors, aging,
exposure to loud noises, infections, or certain medical
conditions. People with hearing impairment may use
hearing aids, cochlear implants, or other assistive devices
to enhance their auditory experience.
Hearing impairment can be categorized based on its
severity:

1. Degrees of Hearing Loss

- Mild
Difficulty hearing soft sounds.
- Moderate
Trouble hearing normal conversation.
- Severe
Unable to hear most sounds without amplification.
-Profound
Extremely limited or no hearing.
2. Causes
- Congenital Present at birth,
often due to genetic factors.
- Acquired Develops later in life,
caused by factors like
infections, noise exposure, or
aging.
3. Types
- Sensorineural Damage to the inner
ear or auditory nerve.
- Conductive Issues in the outer or
middle ear affecting sound
transmission.
- Mixed Combination of sensorineural
and conductive elements.
4. Communication Methods
- Sign Language
Visual-gestural languages for
communication.
- Speech Reading (Lip Reading)
Understanding speech by observing lip and
facial movements.
- Assistive Devices Hearing aids, cochlear
implants, and FM systems. 5. Impact on Daily Life
- Social Challenges Difficulty in
conversations and social settings.
-Educational Impact Challenges in
academic settings.
- Emotional Well-being May lead to
feelings of isolation and frustration.
6. Treatment and Support
- Hearing Aids Amplify sounds to enhance
hearing.
- Cochlear Implants Surgically implanted
devices that directly stimulate the auditory
nerve.
- Therapy and Rehabilitation Speech and
language therapy to improve communication
skills.
7. Prevention
- Protective Measures Use ear
protection in loud environments.
- Regular Check-up Monitor and
address any signs of hearing loss
promptly.
DEAF-BLINDNESS
Deaf-blindness is a combined loss of both hearing
and vision to such an extent that neither sense
can be used as a reliable means of
communication or access to information. This
condition presents unique challenges in
communication, mobility, and access to
information, requiring specialized support and
techniques to navigate daily life.
EXAMPLE OF DEAF-BLINDNESS;
-Deaf-blindness is a unique disability that combines
both hearing and vision loss. A famous example is
Helen Keller, who became deaf and blind as a result
of an illness when she was a young child. Despite
these challenges, she learned to communicate using
sign language and Braille and became an author,
political activist, and lecturer, advocating for people
with disabilities. Her story is widely known and has
inspired many.
Deaf-blindness encompasses a wide range of
conditions, and here are key points to understand:

1. Dual Sensory Loss

Deaf-blind individuals experience substantial hearing and
vision impairments simultaneously, making
communication and navigation challenging.
2. Communication Methods
Tactile signing, braille, and other tactile communication
methods are often used. Additionally, technology, such
as communication devices, may assist in connecting with
others.
3.Diversity in Degrees
Deaf-blindness varies in severity, ranging from mild to
profound. Some individuals may have residual vision or
hearing.
4.Educational Approaches
Specialized education and rehabilitation services are
crucial to help deaf-blind individuals acquire skills for
daily living, communication, and independence.
5. Assistive Devices
Adaptive technology, like screen readers, magnifiers, or
hearing aids, can enhance the functional abilities of
individuals with deaf-blindness.
6. Social Interaction
Support from the community and
understanding of various communication
methods are vital for fostering inclusion and
reducing isolation.
7. Individualized Support
Deaf-blindness is unique to each person,
requiring personalized approaches to address
their specific needs and preferences.
 DEAF-BLINDNESS CAN RESULT FROM VARIOUS
FACTORS, AND IT'S OFTEN CATEGORIZED INTO
CONGENITAL (PRESENT AT BIRTH) AND
ACQUIRED CAUSES:
01 02
1. Congenital Causes: 3. Age-Related Causes
- Genetic Factors Inherited
conditions or syndromes can lead
- Senescence With aging,
to both vision and hearing individuals may experience a
impairments. decline in both hearing and vision,
- Complications during Pregnancy
or Birth Certain prenatal or
leading to deaf-blindness.
perinatal factors may contribute to
dual sensory loss.
 DEAF-BLINDNESS CAN RESULT FROM VARIOUS
FACTORS, AND IT'S OFTEN CATEGORIZED INTO
CONGENITAL (PRESENT AT BIRTH) AND
ACQUIRED CAUSES:
3. Acquired Causes
- Illness or Disease Conditions like Usher syndrome,
03 which combines deafness and progressive vision loss,
can be acquired later in life.
- Trauma or Injury Accidents or injuries affecting both
the auditory and visual systems can lead to deaf-
blindness.
- Degenerative Conditions Diseases such as certain
types of neuropathy or retinitis pigmentosa can cause
gradual loss of both senses.
HEARING AIDS
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HEARING AIDS
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