Difficulty in Hearing

Learners have difficulty seeing will exhibit different levels of clarity eyesight or visual.
There is no typical vision impaired student. Some students are born without vision, lost it
gradually, others are light sensitive. Some students may rely on guide dog or white cane to assist
mobility while other have sufficient residual vision.
Learners that have these have visual impairment:
 Crossed eyes, squinting, and eyes that turns outwards. Clumsy, bump into things.
 Poor eye-hand coordination. These can be seen in their handwriting
 Poor sports
Kung indi manggd Katama ang impairment pwede kapa maka join sa inclusive education. Kung
wala nagd visual nabudlayan kinanglan nani I special education.

General Education Adaptation

Prepare infos
Materials/Brailes
Prepare audio recordings
All words written on the board should be read clearly
Time to complete a task at home

Difficulty in Hearing
 Doctors will describe someone as having hearing loss if he or she cannot hear clearly.
  5% of the world’s population has some form of disabling hearing loss

IDEA defines it as an impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating that adversely

affects a child’s educational performation.

Outer Ear/ Pina

Middle Ear/Eardrums
Inner Ear/ Cochlea

Cause of Hearing Loss

 Aging or the degeneration of the ear structure
 Exposure to loud noise
 Infections like measles, chronic middle ear infection, meningitis
 Injury
 Medications
 Genetics
 Physical factors like build up of earwax
Degrees of Hearing Loss
1) Mild Hearing Loss- Sounds between 25 to 29 decibels- softer or subtler sounds are hard
to hear.
2) Moderate- Detect sounds between 40 to 69 decibels- required to use hearing aid.
3) Severe- Only hear sounds above 70 to 89 decibels- required lip read or use sign language
even they have hearing aid
4) Profound- Cannot hear any sounds consider as deaf.

Hearing loss is the loss of hearing

Hearing impairment is inability of an individual who cannot hear clearly
Difficulty in hearing that has mild to severe hearing loss. Can hear something
Deafness doesn’t hear anything

Identification who has hearing impairment

Not responding
 Request to say what you say again
Watching your lips as you speak
Inattentiveness
Trouble following directions
Isolate themselves from others
Inappropriate response to questions

Impact of difficulty in hearing to learners

 Refers visual learning strategies
 Children with a hearing loss may not here their own voice
 Isolation

Solution
 Hearing aids combined with lip reading
 Note-taking/ Note taker
 Assistive devices such as captioning on videos
Suggested Classroom Accommodations
 Seat Hearing-impaired students where there is an unobstructed view of the teacher
 Try to repeat comments and questions asked
 Use PowerPoints and other visual aids
 Prepare a brief course outline/syllabus
 Be prepared to reword sentences when a hearing impaired student does not understand
what is being said.

Children with individual needs has intellectual development disorder (IDD) they need assistance.
Intellectual Disability
Deficits in intellectual adaptive functions across domains of conceptual, social and
practical that occur during developmental period.

Severity of mental disability

Mild IQ (Low 50s-70s)
Moderate (Mid 30s- Low50s)
Severe (Low 20s- mid 30s)
Profound (Below 20 or 25)

American Psychiatric Association

-important changes have been made to the diagnosis of the current (DSM-IV) category of
Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Adaptive Functioning
-how well a person handles common

The presence of ID or IDD is measured by

- Direct observations
- Structured interviews
- Standardized scales AAMR Adaptive Behavior
2 tools under Adaptive Functioning
1. AAMR Adaptive Behavior Scale- includes personal self-suffiency, community self-

Students who have difficulty with self-care oftentimes reach development milestones at a
later age compared to typically developing peers.
Positive Traits of Youth
 Ambitious. Confident.
 Conscious. Collaborative.
 Educated. Idealistic. Independent. Motivated.
 Multi-Tasking. Open-Mindedness. Passionate. Polite. Problem-Solving
General Education Adaptations
  Direct Instructions
 Task Analysis
 Forward (from 1 to 3) and Backward Chaining (from 3 to 1)
 Video Modeling
Task Analysis
1.) Define the target behavior or task
2.) Identify the required skills needed to successfully complete the task
3.) Identify the necessary materials to perform the task
4.) Observe an able and competent person perform the task

Special education is the practice of educating students in a way that provides

accommodations that address their individual differences, disabilities, and special needs.
Dyslexia is perhaps the best-known learning disability. It is a learning disorder that impedes the
student’s ability to read and comprehend a text.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder has affected more than 6.4 million children at some
point. Students who have ADHD have difficulty paying attention and staying on task.
Dyscalculia. Math is another major area of concern when it comes to learning disabilities. While
difficulty with reading can affect a student’s ability in math, some students also suffer from
dyscalculia, which is a disorder that specifically affects one’s math capabilities.
Dysgraphia. While reading disabilities receive the most attention, writing disabilities can be
equally difficult to overcome. These disabilities are known as dysgraphia. Dysgraphia can be
related to the physical act of writing.
Processing Deficits. Learning disabilities are also connected to processing deficits. When
students have a processing deficit, they have trouble making sense of sensory data.

Types of Problems in Remembering

1. Problems with encoding information
2. Problems with working memory
3. Problems with long-term memory
Difficulty in Communicating
It refers to a person who have little speech or no speech or speech that is difficult to
understand.
Misunderstanding
Barrier

Types of communication difficulty

 Speech Difficulty
It affects your voice. Articulation disorder, Fluency disorder, Voice disorder.
 Language Difficulty
It affects how you use speech or writing. Phonological disorder, Morphological disorder

 Hearing Difficulty
 Central Processing Difficulty

Causes of Difficulty in Communicating

 Abnormal brain development

 Exposure to substance abuse or toxins before birth
 Genetic factors
 Traumatic brain injuries
 Strokes
 Tumors in the area used for communication

How are we able to identify the learners with difficulty in communicating?

 Stammering
 Does not smile
 Says only few words
 Does not put words together to make a sentence
 Has trouble in reading
 Words are not easily understood
 Uses sign in language

Learning Characteristics

 Difficulty in learning new vocabulary

 Difficulty in understanding questions
 Accommodations include students with students with disorders into regular classroom

 Use a peer-buddy system when appropriate

 Provide assistance but also provide positive reinforcement when the student shows the ability to
do something unaided.
General Education Adaptation is to allow a learner equal opportunity to demonstrate mastery of
concepts and achieve the desired learning outcomes.

 Give activities that can be work together in a group or by pair

 Allow student to sit in the front
 Give them flash cards to use as signal during class.
 Avoid distractions or keep noises level as low as possible
 Maintain good relationship

Difficulty in Moving
 Students with mobility impairment mainly have problem related to movement.
Identification
Physical Disability
Health Impairments
Severe Disabilities
Mobility Impairment

General Education Adaptation