Dr.M.G.R.

EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY
(An ISO Certified Institution)
University with Grade Autonomy Status
Periyar E.V.R.High Road Maduravoyal Chennai – 95.Tamilnadu.India.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
A STUDY ON FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF

GALAXY LIFTS PRIVATE LIMITED

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted By

S.NO NAME REGISTER NUMBER

1. KIRTHIVASAN.A 193161101058

2. KUMARAN.N 193161101063

3. KISHORE.R 193161101060

4. KRISHNA SAI .A.V 193161101062

5. KIRTHIVASAN.C 193161101059

Under the guidance of

S.Bagiyalakshmi
B.Com (CS).,MBA.,M.phil.,(Ph.D)

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN COMMERCE

In the partial fulfilment of the requrirements for the award of the degree in
CACHELOR OF CORPORATE SECRETARYSHIP

1
 DEPARTMENT OF CORPORATE SECRETARYSHIP

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Project Report is the bonafide work of Mr./Ms.
KUMARAN.N, KRISHNASAI.A.V, KISH
KISHORE.R,
ORE.R, KIRTHIVASAN.A,
KIRTHIVASAN.C Reg. 193161101053 No who carried out the project entitled
“A REPORT ON GALAXY LIFTS PVT.LIMITED
PVT.LIMITED”” under our supervision from 2021
20
to 2022.

Internal Guide Head of the Department

epartment

(Name in Capital letters (Name in Capital letters

with Signature) with signature)

Submitted for Viva Voce Examination held on_________________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

(Name in Capital letters (Name in Capital letters

with Signature) with signature)

2
 DECLARATION FORMAT

We KUMURAN.N, KRISHNA SAI.A.V, KISHORE.R, KIRTHIVASAN.

A,KIRTHIVASAN.C hereby declare that the Project Report entitled ““A
REPORT ON GALAXY LIFTS PVT.LIMITED” is done by me under the
guidance of Dr./Prof./Mr./Ms BAGIYALAKSHMIInternal) is submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree in
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY.

DATE:

PLACE: SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost I think the almighty for keeping me hale and healthy for successful
completion of project.I express my respectful and sincere thanks to our CHANCELLOR
THIRU A.C SHANMUGAM,BA.,B.L and PRESIDENT Er.A.C.S ARUNKUMAR B.E
who provided a wonderful atmosphere which enables me not do not only this project
work but also the academic activities.

I express my deepest gratitude to our SECRETARY THIRU A.RAVIKUMAR, VICE

CHANCELLOR Dr.GEETHA LAKSHMI HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Dr.C.B.SENTHIL KUMAR for providing this great opportunity to do this project.

I sincerely thank my guide, PROFESSOR S.BAGIYALAKSHMI for the guidance and

continuous encouragement which has inspired me in completion of this project

Last but not least,I would like to convey my sincere thank and gratitude toward my
parents and friends, who have always been asource of inspiration toward the
completion of this project.

STUDENTS SIGNATURE

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4
 ABSTRACT

The project to be part of DR.M.G.R Educational and Research

Institute,Maduravoyal,Chennai.The project is entitled as A REPORT ON
GALAXY LIFTS PVT.LIMITED.The project aims to study the financial
performance of

5
 CONTENTS
S.NO CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION 7

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 11

3. AIM AND SCOPE OF 13

PRESENT INVESTIGATION

4. EXPERIMENTAL OR 16
MATERIAL AND METHOD

5. RATIO ANALYSIS 54

6. STATICTICAL 63
ANALYSIS

7. SUMMAR FINDING 76

6
INTRODUCTION

7
CHAPTER 1.1

8
 INTRODUCTION

Galaxy Lifts Private Limited is into supply and erection of all types of lifts and also
provides service and maintenance of existing lifts. we provide exceptional customer
service and high-quality work to commercial and resdential properties.we provide
customers with modern technology industry leading elevators woth innovative solutions
for their maintenance and modernization

we handle major repairs and modernization for all brands of lifts by our experts with lot
of experience in lift industry. our maintenance work is user friendly,secure to
travel,stylish to look and systematic without compromising on passenger safety,the
company is field engaged by an expert in this,we having well trained technician.
Factsheet
Basic Information
Nature of Business Manufacturer

Company CEO Suresh Sudhakar

Legal Status of Firm Limited Company (Ltd./Pvt.Ltd.)

Annual Turnover Upto Rs. 50 Lakh

9
 LITERATURE
SURVEY

CHAPTER 2.1

LITERATURE SURVEY

LIFTS PRIVATE LIMITED

Galaxy Lifts Private Limited is a Non-govt company, incorporated on 08 Aug, 2014. It's a private unlisted
company and is classified as'company limited by shares'.

Company's authorized capital stands at Rs 1.0 lakhs and has 100.0% paid-up capital which is Rs 1.0 lakhs.
Galaxy Lifts Private Limited last annual general meet (AGM) happened on 29 Sep, 2017. The company last
updated its financials on 31 Mar, 2017 as per Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA).

10
Galaxy Lifts Private Limited is majorly in Manufacturing (Machinery & Equipments) business from last 8
years and currently, company operations are active. Current board members & directors are SUNDARAM
SUDHAKAR, SURESH KUMAR VELAYUTHAM, VELAYUTHAM VIJAYA KRISHNAN and SURESH .

Company is registered in Chennai (Tamil Nadu) Registrar Office. Galaxy Lifts Private Limited registered
address is NO. 157/9A, DEEPAM FLATS, 20TH MAIN ROAD, ANNA NAGAR, CHENNAI Chennai TN
600040 IN.

AIM AND SCOPE OF

PRESENT
INVESTIGATION

11
 CHAPTER 3.1

AIM AND SCOPE OF PRESENT INVESTIGATION

Special oil required in the food sector

Heating of the hydraulic oil

Temperature of hydraulic oil too low
Noise emission
Compression and rebound of the lift table
Filtering of the hydraulic oil
Risk of leaks

Inexpensive
Less wear
Discretionary placement of the drive unit
Simple and reliable
overload protection

One power unit for different forms of movement

Power only required during lifting
Retrospective reduction of the lifting times

12
EXPERIMENTAL OR
MATERIAL AND
METHOD

13
 CHAPTER 4.1

EXPERIMENTAL OR MATERIAL AND METHOD

Control of Lifting Equipment

utilizing cranes, hoists, or other mechanical lifting devices will not commence unless:
An assessment of the lift has been completed and the lift method and equipment has been
determined by a competent person;
Operators of powered, lifting devices are trained and certified for that equipment;
 Rigging of the load is carried out
for use within the last six (6) months (at a minimum); Load does not exceed dynamic and/or
static capacities of by a competent person;
 Lifting devices and equipment has been certified the lifting equipment;
 Any safety devices installed on lifting equipment are operational;
 All lifting devices and equipment have been visually examined before each lift by a
 competent person. Ensure no one standing or working below suspended load.

14
15
Handling and Storage of lifting devices

Proper handling of lifting devices is essential to ensure long-term usability of the equipment
Wire ropes must never be allowed to lie on the ground for any length of time or on damp or wet
surface, rusty steel or near corrosive substances. They must be stored in a clean dry place;
wire rope slings must be cleaned after use, inspected and hung on pegs to prevent corrosion
and kinking
Lifting accessories must be stored in conditions that do not lead to damage or deterioration.
 Slings must be hung up to prevent damage
Chain blocks, turn buckles, chains and similar tackle should be hung up and Lightly oiled

16
 All rope must be kept away from flame cutting and electric welding operations
 Avoid contact between any sling and solvents and chemicals.
 Suitable precautions should be taken to prevent any sharp edges of loads coming
intocontact with slings.

Thorough Examinations and Inspections of lifting devices

Any new equipment that has not been used before are accompanied by a test
certificate/declaration of conformity, which confirms that the equipment has undergone a
thorough examination (not more than 12 months previously) and specifying the Safe Working
Load, prior to first use. A thorough examination is to be performed following the repair or
replacement of a structural component. All other lifting Equipment must undergo a thorough
17
examination at least every 12 months. For passenger lift in Administrative Building, it is
ensured that the passenger lift is safe to use and that it receives periodic thorough
examinations and inspections, in accordance with local regulations. Lifting accessories /
attachments must be visually inspected on each occasion before use.

18
Categorization of
Lifting Operations

Planning and Control of Lifting Operations

Categorization of Lifting Operations
Lifting operations are categorized as routine operations if they involve the
following:
Regular shop floor material movement
19
 Fork-lift trucks in a warehouse Construction site hoist
 Mobile elevated work platform (MEWP) used for general maintenance
 A vehicle tail lift

20
21
 Risk Assessment of Lifting Plans
A risk assessment must be prepared for all lifting operations.
For routine lifting operations an initial risk assessment and lifting plan is required but need
not be repeated i.e. generic risk assessments and lifting plans may be used. However, they
must be subject to regular documented reviews (at least annually) to ensure that they are still
valid.
Every lifting operation is planned and controlled by the concerned supervisor who ensures
that safe procedures are undertaken. Factors to be considered when planning lifting operation
include the following:

a) Identification of lifting operations to be performed and load characteristics; determine the

load characteristics e.g. weight, center of gravity, stability, and physical size.
b) Making ample allowances for unknown factors, and determine the available capacity of the
equipment being used. In cases where the assessment of load weight is difficult, safe load
indicators of weighing devices must be fitted. It is equally important to rig the load so that it is
stable. Unless the center of gravity of the load is below the hook, the load will shift.

Identification and positioning of equipment to be used:

 a) Determine lifting equipment position i.e. where it is to be sited to make the lift
b) Determine suitability of ground to ensure equipment stability i.e. is the ground sufficiently
competent to support the predicted ground loading imposed by the lifting equipment and the
load.

Hire of Lifting Equipment and Services

The following precautions must be taken while hiring equipment for lifting operations
All mobile cranes and lifting equipment brought onto Site must have valid test certificates to
demonstrate they have been inspected before being allowed to operate on site.

If lifting equipment of services are to be hired / purchased, responsibilities for supply of equipment,
personnel and documentation must be agreed in the contract
.

22
Responsibility
While the responsibility of implementing the procedure lies on all EESL personnel, employees of the
vendor, contractor and their supply chain actors, specific responsibilities have been allotted, keeping
the significance of the standard in mind.

1 Project
head/in-charge/owner Ensures that the procedure is followed during Lifting Operation

2 EHSS Representative
Apart from the responsibility of implementing the entire EHSS manual and SOPs, the following specific
responsibilities should be undertaken

Ensures that only trained personnel are engaged.

 Conducts awareness programme for the personnel engaged on such jobs
 Monitor and audit implementation of this procedure

 3 Operational Managers / Maintenance Managers Responsible

for proper deployment of trained personnel. Ensure proper lifting accessories are present. S10.7.4
Competent Person Responsible for periodic checking of lifting tools and accessories as per legal
requirement. S10.7.5 Employees Employees’ engaged in lifting operations must: Never put any part of
their body under a suspended load Never ride a load while it is being lifted Be aware of suspended
loads, signals of the operators and any lifting equipment supports Use lifting equipment as instructed
and report any defects S10.8 Records and documents for safe lifting operations Records of testing of
Lifting Tools and Accessories Safety and preventive Training Records.

23
 COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET FOR THE YEAR 2017 – 18

Increase or Remarks
Particulars 2017 2018 decrease in
percentage

Share capital 15.19 15.29 0.65% There is no much

difference in share capital

Reserves 279.33 304.42 8.98% There is a slight increase in

Total reserves total

Total 294.52 319.71 8.55% The shareholders fund has

shareholders been increased
fund
Secured loans 243.18 300.78 23.68% The borrowing of the loan
has been increased
Unsecured 0 0 0
loans
Total debt 243.18 300.78 23.68% Increase in total debt
Total 537.7 620.49 15.39% Increase in total liabilities
liabilities
Gross Block 480.01 545.68 13.68% Increase in gross block
LESS: 198.27 224.82 13.39%
Accumulated
Depreciation
Net Block 281.74 320.86 13.88% Increase in net block
Capital work in 61.05 30.35 -50.28% Decrease in capital work in
progress progress
0.63 7.74 1128.57% Increase in investments

Current
assets, loans
and
advances:

Inventories 242.09 271.85 12.29% Increase in inventories

Sundry 80.71 104.31 29.24% Increase in sundry debtors

24
 Debtors
Cash and 25.14 63.63 153.10% Increase in cash and bank
Bank
Loans and 61.37 60.83 -0.87% Decrease in loans and
Advances advances
Total Current 409.31 500.63 22 Increase in total current
Assets .31% assets
Less: current
liabilities and
provisions
Current 225.72 247.09 9.46% Increase in current
liabilities liabilities
Provisions 29.7 46.95 58.08% Increase in provisions
Total Current 255.42 294.04 15.12% Increase in total current
Liabilities liabilities
Net Current 153.89 206.58 34.23% Increase in net current
Asset assets
Deferred Tax 3.8 3.56 -6.31% Decrease in deferred tax
Asset asset
Deferred Tax 32.12 33.07 2.95% Increase in deferred tax
Liability liability
Net Deferred -28.32 -29.51 4.20% Increase in net deferred tax
Tax
Total Assets 537.7 620.49 15.39% Increase in total assets

25
COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET FOR THE YEAR 2018 – 19

Increase or Remarks
decrease in
percentage
Particulars 2018
Share capital 15.29 0.65% Increase in share
capital
Reserves Total 304.42 9.07% Increase in reserves
total

Total shareholders 319.71 8.67% Increase in total

fund shareholders fund

Secured loans 300.78 -14.98% Decrease in secured

loans

Unsecured loans 0 0
Total debt 300.78 -14.98% Decrease in total debt

Total liabilities 620.49 -2.79% Decrease in total

liabilities
Gross Block 545.68 9.06% Increase in gross block

LESS: 224.82 9.18%

Accumulated
Depreciation
Net Block 320.86 8.98% Increase in net block

Capital work in progress 30.35 -94.00% Decrease in capital

work in progress

Investments 7.74 260.07% Increase in

investments

Current assets, loans

and advances

26
 Inventories 271.85 -7.10% Decrease in
inventories

Sundry Debtors 104.31 8.43% Increase in sundry

debtors

Cash and Bank 63.63 -18.10% Decrease in cash and

bank

Loans and Advances 60.83 19.77% Increase in loans and

advances

Total Current Assets 500.63 -2.00% Decrease in total

current assets

Less: current liabilities

and provisions

Current liabilities 247.09 6.86% Increase in current

liabilities

Provisions 46.95 -42.66% Decrease in provisions

Total Current Liabilities 294.04 -1.04% Decrease in total

current liabilities

Net Current Asset 206.58 -3.35% Decrease in net

current assets

Deferred Tax Asset 3.56 -14.88% Decrease in deferred

tax asset

Deferred Tax Liability 33.07 6.71% Increase in deferred

tax liability

Net Deferred Tax -29.51 9.31% Increase in net

deferred tax

Total Assets 620.49 -2.79% Decrease in total

assets
COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET FOR THE YEAR 2019 – 20

27
 Increase or Remarks
decrease in
percentage

Particulars 2019 2020

Share capital 15.39 15.42 0.19% Increase in share

capital

Reserves Total 332.06 324.86 -2.16% Decrease in

reserves total

Total 347.45 340.28 -2.06% Decrease in total

shareholders shareholders
fund fund

28
 Secured loans 255.72 198.02 ###### Decrease in
secured loans

Unsecured loans 0 0 0

Total debt 255.72 198.02 ###### Decrease in total

debt

Total liabilities 603.17 538.3 ###### Decrease in total

liabilities

Gross Block 595.17 369.85 ###### Increase in gross

block

LESS: 245.47 25.45 ######

Accumulated

29
 Depreciation

Net Block 349.7 344.4 -1.51% Decrease in net

block

Capital work in 1.82 4.7 ###### Increase in

progress capital work in
progress

Investments 27.87 17.51 ###### Decrease in

investments

30
Current assets,
loans and
advances

Inventories 252.53 234.57 -7.11% Decrease in

inventories

Sundry Debtors 113.11 98.95 ###### Decrease in

sundry debtors

Cash and Bank 52.11 10.99 ###### Decrease in cash

and bank

31
 Loans and 72.86 77.63 6.54% Increase in loans
Advances and advances

Total Current 490.61 422.14 ###### Decrease in total

Assets current assets

Less: current
liabilities and
provisions

32
Current liabilities 264.05 265.2 0.43% Increase in
current liabilities

Provisions 26.92 5.4 ###### Decrease in

provisions

Total Current 290.97 270.6 -7.00% Decrease in total

Liabilities current liabilities

Net Current Asset 199.65 151.54 ###### Decrease in net

current assets

33
 Deferred Tax 3.03 7.8 ###### Increase in
Asset deferred tax
asset

Deferred Tax 35.29 39.21 11.10% Increase in

Liability deferred tax
liability

Net Deferred Tax -32.26 -31.41 -2.63% Decrease in net

deferred tax

Total Assets 603.17 538.3 ###### Increase in total

assets

34
 COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET FOR THE YEAR 2020 – 21

Increase or Remarks
decrease in
Particulars 2020 2021 percentage
Share capital 15.42 15.63 1.36% Increase in share
capital
Reserves Total 324.86 381.34 17.38% Increase in
reserves total
Total shareholders 340.28 396.97 16.65% Increase in total
fund shareholders fund

Secured loans 198.02 83.85 ###### Decrease in

secured loans
Unsecured loans 0 0 0
Total debt 198.02 83.85 ###### Decrease in total
debt
Total liabilities 538.3 480.82 ###### Decrease in total
liabilities
Gross Block 369.85 388.9 5.15% Increase in gross
block
LESS: 25.45 48.33 89.90%
Accumulated
Depreciation
Net Block 344.4 340.57 -1.11% Decrease in net
block
Capital work in 4.7 20.54 ###### Increase in capital
progress work in progress

Investments 17.51 0.42 ###### Decrease in

investments
Current assets,
loans and
advances

Inventories 234.57 247.54 5.52% Increase in

inventories
Sundry Debtors 98.95 66.05 ###### Decrease in
sundry debtors
Cash and Bank 10.99 19.69 79.16% Increase in cash
and bank

35
 Loans and 77.63 43.21 ###### Increase in loans
Advances and advances

Total Current 422.14 376.49 ###### Increase in total

Assets current assets
Less: current
liabilities and
provisions
Current liabilities 265.2 262.79 -0.90% Decrease in
current liabilities
Provisions 5.4 18.31 ###### Increase in
provisions
Total Current 270.6 281.1 3.88% Increase in total
Liabilities current liabilities

Net Current Asset 151.54 95.38 ###### Decrease in net

current assets
Deferred Tax Asset 7.8 12.17 56.02% Increase in
deferred tax asset
Deferred Tax 39.21 40.91 4.33% Increase in
Liability deferred tax
liability
Net Deferred Tax -31.41 -27.74 ###### Decrease in net
deferred tax
538.3 480.82 ###### Decrease in total
assets

36
 COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET FOR THE YEAR 2021– 22

Increase or Remarks
decrease in
Particulars 2021 2022 percentage
Share capital 15.63 15.64 0.06% Increase in share
capital
Reserves Total 381.34 437.07 14.61% Increase in
reserves total
Total shareholders 396.97 452.71 14.04% Increase in total
fund shareholders fund

Secured loans 83.85 89.99 7.32% Increase in

secured loans
Unsecured loans 0 0 0

Total debt 83.85 89.99 7.32% Increase in total

debt
Total liabilities 480.82 542.7 12.86% Increase in total
liabilities

Gross Block 388.9 403.57 3.77% Increase in gross

block
LESS: 48.33 66.82 38.25%
Accumulated
Depreciation

Net Block 340.57 336.75 -1.12% Decrease in net

block
Capital work in 20.54 25.98 26.48% Increase in capital
progress work in progress

Investments 0.42 0.42 0 Nil

Current assets,
loans and
advances

Inventories 247.54 328.92 32.87% Increase in

inventories

37
 Sundry Debtors 66.05 98.25 48.75% Increase in sundry
debtors
Cash and Bank 19.69 18.28 -7.16% Decrease in cash
and bank

Loans and 43.21 49.72 15.06% Increase in loans

Advances and advances

Total Current 376.49 495.17 31.52% Increase in total

Assets current assets

Less: current
liabilities and
provisions
Current liabilities 262.79 296.31 12.75% Increase in current
liabilities

Provisions 18.31 30.69 67.61% Increase in

provisions
Total Current 281.1 327 16.32% Increase in total
Liabilities current liabilities

Net Current Asset 95.38 168.17 76.31% Increase in net

current assets
Deferred Tax Asset 12.17 15.57 27.93% Increase in
deferred tax asset

Deferred Tax 40.91 44.62 9.06% Increase in

Liability deferred tax
liability
Net Deferred Tax -27.74 -29.05 4.72% Increase in net
deferred tax
Total Assets 480.82 502.27 4.46% Increase in total
assets

38
 COMPARATIVE PROFIT & LOSS FOR THE YEAR 2017-18

Particulars 2017 2018 Increase or Remarks

decrease in
percentage

Sales Turnover 1100.38 1337.33 21.53%

Increase in sales
turnover
Excise Duty 59.42 70.12 18.00%

Increase in excise duty

Net Sales 1040.96 1267.21 21.73%

Increase in net sales

Other Income 12.34 10.46 -15.23%
Decrease in other
income
Stock Adjustment -0.71 14.28 #######

Decrease in stock
adjustment
Total Income 1052.59 1291.95 22.74%
Increase in total
income
Expenditure:

Raw Materials 609.77 720.6 18.17% Increase in raw

materials

Power & Fuel Cost 33.28 36.15 8.62% Increase in power and
fuel cost

Employee Cost 99.13 119.72 20.77% Increase in employee

cost

39
Other Manufacturing 77.41 113.76 46.95% Increase in other
Expenses manufacturing
expenses

Selling & Distribution 145.41 141.31 -2.81% Decrease in selling

Expenses and distribution
expenses

Miscellaneous 44.9 46.61 3.80% Increase in

Expenses miscellaneous
expenses

Less: pre-operative 9.51 -14.41 -251.52%

Expenses

Total Expenditure 1000.4 1199.56 19.90% Increase in total

expenditure

Operating Profit 52.19 92.39 77.02% Increase in operating

profit

Interest 12.57 18.69 48.68%

Increase in interest
Gross Profit 39.62 73.7 86.01%
Increase in gross
profit
Depreciation 26.72 25.42 -4.86%

Decrease in
depreciation

40
 Profit Before Tax 12.9 48.28 274.26% Increase in profit
before tax

Tax 0 12.14 -
Deferred Tax 3.75 1.93 -48.53%

Decrease in deferred
tax
Reported Net Profit 9.15 34.21 273.87%

Increase in reported
net profit
Extraordinary items 0 0.01

Adjusted Net Profit 9.15 34.2 273.77%

Increase in adjusted
net profit
Adjust. Below Net 0 0 0
Profit

P & L Balance Brought 179.24 183.02 2.10%

Forward

Increase in profit and

loss account
Appropriations 5.36 12.67 136.38%

Increase in
appropriations
P & L Carried Down 183.02 204.56 11.76%

Increase in profit and

loss carried down
Dividend 3.8 7.65 101.31%

Increase in dividend

41
 Equity Dividend 25 50 100%

Increase in equity
dividend
Earnings Per Share 5.6 21.37 281.60% Increase in earnings
per share

COMPARATIVE PROFIT & LOSS FOR THE YEAR 2018-19

Particulars 2018 2019 Increase Remarks
or
decrease
in
percentage

Sales 1337.33 1397.61 4.50%

Turnover
Increase in
sales turnover
Excise Duty 70.12 84.26 20.16%
Increase in
excise duty
Net Sales 1267.21 1313.35 3.64%
Increase in net
sales
Other Income 10.46 12.9 23.32%
Increase in
other income
Stock 14.28 -19.49 -236.48%
Adjustment
Decrease in
stock
adjustment
Total Income 1291.95 1306.76 1.14%
Increase in
total income
Expenditure:

42
Raw Materials 720.6 712.79 -1.08% Decrease in
raw materials

Power & Fuel 36.15 35.88 -0.74% Decrease in

Cost power and
fuel cost

Employee 119.72 127.1 6.16% Increase in

Cost employee cost

Other 113.76 123.03 8.14% Increase in

Manufacturing other
Expenses manufacturing
expenses

Selling & 141.31 157.81 11.67% Increase in

Distribution selling and
Expenses distribution
expenses

Miscellaneous 46.61 50.35 8.02% Increase in

Expenses miscellaneous
expenses

Less: pre- -14.41 0 -100%

operative
Expenses

Total 1199.56 1206.96 0.61% Increase in

Expenditure total
expenditure

Operating 92.39 99.81 8.03% Increase in

Profit operating
profit

Interest 18.69 22.84 22.20% Increase in

interest

43
Gross Profit 73.7 76.97 4.43%
Increase in
gross profit
Depreciation 25.42 25.63 0.82%

Increase in
depreciation
Profit Before 48.28 51.34 6.33% Increase in
Tax profit before
tax

Tax 12.14 13.29 9.47% Increase in tax

amount

Deferred Tax 1.93 2.75 42.48%

Increase in
deferred tax
Reported Net 34.21 35.31 3.21%
Profit
Increase in
reported net
profit
Extraordinary 0.01 0.21 2000
items

Increase in
extraordinary
items
Adjusted Net 34.2 35.1 2.63%
Profit
Increase in
adjusted net
profit
Adjust. Below 0 0 0
Net Profit

P & L Balance 183.02 204.56 11.76%

Brought
Forward Increase in
profit and loss
account

44
Appropriations 12.67 12.92 1.97%

Increase in
appropriations
P & L Carried 204.56 226.95 10.94%
Down

Increase in
profit and loss
carried down
Dividend 7.65 7.72 0.91%
Increase in
dividend
Equity 50 50 0
Dividend
Earnings Per 21.37 21.9 2.48% Increase in
Share earnings per
share

Book value 209.08 225.78 7.98%

unit Increase in
book value
unit

COMPARATIVE PROFIT & LOSS FOR THE YEAR 2019-20

Particulars 2016 2017 Increase or Remarks
decrease in
percentage

Sales Turnover 1397.61 1228.06 -12.13%

Decrease in sales
turnover
Excise Duty 84.26 80.61 -4.33%
Decrease in excise
duty
Net Sales 1313.35 1147.45 -12.63%

Decrease in net sales

45
 Other Income 12.9 9.11 -29.37%
Decrease in other
income
Stock Adjustment -19.49 -12.37 -36.53%

Decrease in stock
adjustment
Total Income 1306.76 1144.19 -12.44%
Decrease in total
income
Expenditure:

Raw Materials 712.79 642.71 -9.83% Decrease in raw

materials

Power & Fuel Cost 35.88 31.39 -12.51% Decrease in power

and fuel cost

Employee Cost 127.1 99.77 -21.50% Decrease in employee

cost

Other Manufacturing 123.03 86.5 -29.69% Increase in other

Expenses manufacturing
expenses

Selling & Distribution 157.81 153.53 -2.71% Decrease in selling

Expenses and distribution
expenses

Miscellaneous 50.35 78.67 56.24% Increase in

Expenses miscellaneous
expenses

46
Less: pre-operative 0 0 0
Expenses

Total Expenditure 1206.96 1092.59 -9.47% Decrease in total

expenditure

Operating Profit 99.81 51.61 -48.29% Decrease in operating

profit

Interest 22.84 20.83 -8.80%

Decrease in interest
Gross Profit 76.97 30.78 -60.01%
Decrease in gross
profit
Depreciation 25.63 25.46 -0.66%

Decrease in
depreciation
Profit Before Tax 51.34 5.32 -89.63% Decrease in profit
before tax

Tax 13.29 1.01 -92.40% Decrease in tax

amount

Deferred Tax 2.75 0.32 -88.36%

Decrease in deferred
tax
Reported Net Profit 35.31 3.99 -88.70%

Decrease in reported
net profit

47
Extraordinary items 0.21 0 -100%

Decrease in
extraordinary items
Adjusted Net Profit 35.1 3.99 -88.63%

Decrease in adjusted
net profit
Adjust. Below Net 0 -1.74 0
Profit

P & L Balance 204.56 223.73 9.37%

Brought Forward

Increase in profit and

loss account
Appropriations 12.92 7.69 -40.47%

Decrease in
appropriations
P & L Carried Down 226.95 218.29 -3.81%

Decrease in profit and

loss carried down
Dividend 7.72 0 -100%

Decrease in dividend
Equity Dividend 50 10 -80%
Decrease in equity
dividend
Earnings Per Share 21.9 2.59 -88.17% Decrease in earnings
per share

Book value unit 225.78 220.63 -2.28% Decrease in book

value unit

48
 COMPARATIVE CASH FLOW SATATEMENT FOR THE YEAR 2020-21

Particulars 2020 2021 Increase or Remarks

decrease in
percentage

Net Profit/Loss Before 2.45 61.11 2394.28% Increase in net profit

Extraordinary Items before extraordinary
And Tax items and tax

Net Cash Flow From 60.84 150.53 147.41% Increase in net cash
Operating Activities flow

Net Cash Used In -14.17 -18.79 32.60% Increase in net cash

Investing Activities for investing activities

49
Net Cash Used From -84.72 -123.01 45.19% Increase in net cash
Financing Activities from financing
activities

Net Ink/Dec In Cash -38.05 8.74 -122.97% Decrease Net Ink and
And Cash Equivalents cash equivalents

Cash And Cash 48.59 10.54 -78.30% Increase in cash

Equivalents Begin of equivalents in the
Year beginning of the year

Cash And Cash 10.54 19.28 82.92% Increase in cash

Equivalents End Of equivalents at the end
Year of the year

50
COMPARATIVE CASH FLOW SATATEMENT FOR THE YEAR 2021-22

Particulars 2021 2022 Increase or Remarks

decrease in
percentage

Net Profit/Loss Before 61.11 84.9 38.92% Increase in net profit

Extraordinary Items before extraordinary
And Tax items and tax

Net Cash Flow From 150.53 36.81 -75.54% Decrease in net cash
Operating Activities flow

Net Cash Used In -18.79 -22.27 18.52% Increase in net cash

Investing Activities for investing activities

Net Cash Used From -123.01 -15.97 -87.01% Decrease in net cash
Financing Activities from financing
activities

51
Net Ink/Dec In Cash 8.74 -1.43 -116.36% Decrease Net Ink and
And Cash Equivalents cash equivalents

Cash And Cash 10.54 19.28 82.92% Increase in cash

Equivalents Begin of equivalents in the
Year beginning of the year

Cash And Cash 19.28 17.85 -7.41% Decrease in cash

Equivalents End Of equivalents at the end
Year of the year

52
 CHAPTER 3

RATIO ANALYSIS:

Ratio analysis is used to evaluate relationship among financial statement items. The ratios are used to

identify trend over time for one organization or to compare two or more organization at one point of

time. Ratio analysis focus on three important aspects analysis is an important tool for any business

organization. The computation of ratios facilitates the comparison of firms which differ in size. Ratios

can be used to compare a firm’s financial performance with industry averages. In addition ratios can be

used in a form of trend analysis to identify areas where performance has been improved or deteriorated

over times.

Ratios are the symptoms like the blood pressure, the pulse or the temperature of an individual. Just as in

the case of an individual, a doctor or a valid by reading the pulse of a patient or by studying the

temperature of a person can diagnose the case of his alignment, so also a financial analyst through his

ratio analysis of employment of resources and its overall financial position.

ADVANTAGES OF RATIO ANALYSIS:

Ratio analysis is useful tools in following aspects:

 Evaluation of liquidity: The ability of the firm to meet its short term payment

commitments is called liquidity

 Evaluation of profitability: profitability ratios i.e., net profit ratio are indicators of

the profitability of the firm.

53
  Evaluation of operating efficiency: these are indicated by activity of performance or

turnover ratios i.e., Stock turnover ratio, Debtors turnover ratio etc… these ratio

indicates the ability of firm to generate revenue in terms of a rupee of investment in

its assets.

 Evaluation of financial strength: Long term solvency or financial strength is

indicated by capital structure ratio like Debt- Equity ratio, Gearing ratio,

Leverage ratio etc…These ratio signifies the effect of various sources of finance

e.g. debt preference and equity.

 Inter-firm and Intra-firm comparisons: comparison of the firm ratio with the

industry average help revenue will help evaluate the firm’s position industry

 Budgeting: They help indicating the future financial position. Ratios have predictor

value and are helpful in planning and forecasting the business activities of a firm

for future periods.

Profitability Ratios:

A profitability ratio is a measure of profitability, which is a way to measure a company's performance.

Profitability is simply the capacity to make a profit, and a profit is what is left over from income earned after

you have deducted all costs and expenses related to earning the income. The formulas you are about to learn can

be used to judge a company's performance and to compare its performance against other similarly-situated

companies. The given following are its types. They are:

54
 • Operating Profit Ratio

• Gross Profit Ratio

• Return on Total Assets Ratio

• Net Profit Ratio

• Overall Profitability Ratio

Operating profit Ratio:

Operating profit ratio establishes a relationship between operating Profit earned and
net revenue generated from operations (net sales). Operating profit ratio is a type of
profitability ratio which is expressed as a percentage.
Formula:

Operating Profit Ratio = Operating Profit/ Net Sales x 100

Particulars 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Operating 92.39 99.81 51.61 97.25 113.08

Profit

Net sales 1267.21 1312.35 1147.85 1244.85 104.4

Operating Profit 7.29 7.59 4.49 7.81 108.08

Ratio

Interpretation:

55
 The above chart shows the operating profit ratio. The highest operating profit is in year 2019

which is 108.08 because the sales has been slightly increased during the years. The lowest

operating profit is in year 2017 which is 4.49.

Gross Profit Ratio:

Gross profit ratio (GP ratio) is a profitability ratio that shows the relationship between

gross profit and total net sales revenue. It is a popular tool to evaluate the operational

performance of the business. The ratio is computed by dividing the gross profit figure by

net sales.

Formula: Gross Profit Ratio = Gross Profit / Net Sales x 100

Particulars

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Gross Profit 73.30 76.97 30.78 84.66 105.46

Net Sales 1267.21 1313.35 147.85 1244.85 104.14

Ratio 5.78 5.86 2.68 6.80 101.26

56
 120
101.26
100

80
Gross profit

60

40

20
5.78 5.86 6.8
2.68
0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
year

Interpretation:

The above chart shows Gross profit ratio for five years. The gross profit has been fluctuating

throughout the years. The gross profit fluctuates because of the increase and decrease in sales. The

highest increase in sales is in a year 2019 which caused the higher increase in ratio.

Return on Total Assets Ratio:

The Return on total assets (ROTA) is a ratio that measures a company's earnings before
interest and taxes (EBIT) relative to its total net assets. The ratio is considered to be an
indicator of how effectively a company is using its assets to generate earnings before
contractual obligations must be paid.
Formula:

Return on Total Assets Ratio = Net Profit after Tax + Interest / Total Assets x 100

Particulars

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

57
Net Profit After Tax

& Interest 34.01 35.10 3.99 51.93 64.66

Total Assets

532.71 546.78 486.73 428.17 502.27

Return on Total

Assets Ratio 6.38 6.41 0.81 12.12 12.87

2022 12.87

2021 12.12

2020 0.81
Year

2019 6.41

2018 6.38

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Return on total assets

58
Interpretation:

The above chart shows the return on total assets ratio. The assets were utilized properly in year 2015 and

2016. In 2017 the management has failed to maintain the utilization of assets which resulted in decrease

rate.In 2018 and 2019 the utilization of assets were proper and resulted in higher rate of ratio.

Net Profit Ratio:

The net profit percentage is the ratio of after-tax profits to net sales. It reveals the

remaining Profit after all costs of production, administration, and financing have been

deducted from sales, and income taxes recognize. As such, it is one of the best measures of

the overall results of a firm, especially when combined with an evaluation of how well it is

using its working capital

Formula:

Net Profit Ratio = Net Profit / Net Sales x 100

Particulars

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Net Profit

34.25 76.97 3.99 51.93 64.66

Net Sales

1267.21 1313.35 1147.85 1244.85 104.14

59
Percentage

2.69 2.67 0.34 4.17 62.08

70
62.08

60

50

40

30

20

10 2.69 2.67 4.17

0.34
0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Interpretation:

The company’s sales has increased constantly during the year 2015 and 2016 and in 2017 there was a

slight decrease in the sales. And in 2018 the company has managed to raise it sales higher, however in

2019 there was a big fall in the sales, but increase in net profit caused it as higher rate of ratio.

Overall Profitability Ratio:

A profitability ratio is a measure of profitability, which is a way to measure a company's

performance. Profitability is simply the capacity to make a profit, and a profit is what is left over

60
 from income earned after you have deducted all costs and expenses related to earning the

income.

Formula:

Overall Profitability Ratio = Operating Profit / Capital Employed x 100

Particulars

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Operating

Profit 92.39 99.81 51.61 97.25 113.08

Capital
employed
319.71 347.45 340.28 396.97 452.71

Overall

Profitability 28.29 28.72 15.16 24.49 24.97

Ratio

61
 35

30 28.72
28.89
24.97
24.46
25

20
Axis Title

15.16
15

10

0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Year

Interpretation:

From the above chart it shows the overall profitability ratio of five years from 2015 to 2019.There in no

much difference in operating profit in 2015 and 2016. The operating profit in 2017 has decreased

because the company not able to generate profits properly from its core business. From 2018 to 2019 the

profits began to raise constantly.

62
 CHAPTER 4

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

Trend analysis:

Is the wide spread practice of collecting information and attempting to spot a pattern. In some fields of

study, the term “trend analysis” has more formally defined meanings.

Although trend analysis is often used to predict future events, it could be used to estimate uncertain

events in the past, such as how many ancient kings probably ruled between two dates, based on data

such as the average years which other known kings reigned

Trend percentages:

Select the base year. For each line item, divide the amount in each non-base year by the amount in the

base year and multiply by 100. In the following example, 2014 is the base year, so its percentages (see

bottom half of the following table) are all 100.0 The percentage in the other year were calculated by

dividing each amount in a particular year by the corresponding amount in the base year and multiply by

100.

The base year trend percentage is always 100%. A trend percentage of less than 100.0% means the
balance has decreased below the base year level in that in that previous year. A trend percentage greater
than 100.0% means the balance sheet in that year has increased over the base year. A negative trend
percentage represents a negative number. If the base year is zero or negative, the trend percentage
calculated will not be meaningful.

63
SALES TREND ANALYSIS:

Sales trend analysis a useful budgeting and financial analysis method that can indicate the onset of

changes in the near-term revenue growth rate of the business sales by customer

Year Sales %
2018 1267.21 100
1313.35 103.6411
2019
1147.45 90.54932
2020
1244.85 98.23549
2021
1404.14 110.8056
2022

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Interpretation:

There is no greater fluctuations in line throughout 5 years. But the highest line peek is in a year 2019

and lowest in year 2017.

64
NET PROFIT ANALYSIS:

Net profit is the resulting of subtracting costs and expenses from revenues. Sales minus cost of goods

sold equals gross profit and gross profit minus expenses equals operating profit. Deducting taxes from

operating profit results in net profit

Year Net profit %

2015 34.2 100
35.1 102.6316
2016
3.99 11.66667
2017
51.39 150.2632
2018
64.66 189.0643
2019

200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Interpretation:

The major fall of trend line was in a year 2017, and the highest rise in line was on 2019. Hence there is a

greater fluctuation.

65
Gross Profit Analysis:

A gross profit analysis involves comparing the gross profit for the period being reviewed to either the

budgeted level or the historical average.

Year Gross Profit %

2015 73.7 100
76.97 104.4369
2016
30.78 41.76391
2017
84.66 114.8711
2018
105.46 143.0936
2019

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

66
 Interpretation:

The trend line for gross profit was similar throught the year 2015-2016.There in a major fall in line in

the year 2017, after which it gain raised up in year 2018-2019.

Working Capital Analysis:

Working capital analysis is used to determine the liquidity and sufficiency of current assets in

comparison to current liabilities. This information is needed to determine whether an organization

needs additional long-term funding for its operations, or whether it should plan to shift excess cash

into longer-term investment vehicles.

Year Working Capital %

2018 -40.51 100
-64.4 158.9731
2019
-113.66 280.5727
2020
-167.41 413.256
2021
-128.14 316.317
2022

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

67
Interpretation:

The trend line of working capital analysis started to raise slowly from 2016-2016 and it continues to

raise at higher till 2017-2018.And in the year 2019 there is a slight decrease in line.

Dividend Trend Analysis:

Dividend stock ratios are used by investors and analysts to evaluate the dividends a company might pay

out in the future. Dividend payouts depend on many factors such as a company's debt load, its cash flow,

and its earnings. The four most popular ratios are the dividend pay-out ratio, dividend coverage ratio,

free cash flow to equity, and Net Debt to EBITDA.

Year Dividend %
2018 7.65 100
7.72 100.915
2019
0.00 0
2020
0.00 0
2021
0.00 0
2022

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

68
Interpretation:

From the above line diagram,

agram, we could be able to see clearly that the dividend trend line was constant in

year 2015-2016
2016 and after 2016 the trend line has fallen to 0 till the year 2019

CHAPTER 5

Correlation:

Is a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or m

more
ore variable fluctuate. A positive

correlation indicates the extent to which those variable increase or decrease in parallel; a negative

correlation indicates the extent to which one variable increases as the other decreases.

A correlation coefficient is a way to put a value to the relationship. Correlation coefficients have a value

of between-1
1 or 1. A “0”means there is no relationship between the variables at all, while -1 or 1 means

that there is a perfect negative or positive correlation (negative or po

positive
sitive correlation has refer to the

types of graph the relationship will produce.

69
SALES AND NET PROFIT

YEAR SALES NET PROFIT X2 Y2 XY

(X) (Y)

2018 1267.21 34.2 1605821 1169.64 43338.58

2019 1313.35 35.1 1724888 1232.01 46098.59

2020 1147.45 3.99 1316642 15.9201 4578.326

2021 1244.85 51.39 1549652 2640.932 63972.84

2022 1404.14 64.66 1971609 4180.916 90791.69

8168612 9239.418 248780

6377 189.34
TOTAL

r= 0.959892

Interpretation:

From the above data it shows the correlation of sales and net profit of five years

From 2015 to 2019. The correlation coefficient between the sales and net profit

(0.959892). The correlation between sales and net profit = 0.959892. It is a positive

Correlation.

70
SALES AND GROSS PROFIT:

YEAR SALES GROSS X2 Y2 XY

PROFIT
(X)
(Y)

2018 1267.21 73.7 1605821 5431.69 93393.38

2019 1313.35 76.97 1724888 5924.381 101088.5

2020 1147.45 30.78 1316642 947.4084 35318.51

2021 1244.85 84.66 1549652 7167.316 105389

2022 1404.14 105.46 1971609 11121.81 148080.6

371.57 8168612 30592.61 483270

6377
TOTAL

r= 0.912472

Interpretation:

From the above data it shows the correlation of sales and net profit of five years

From 2015 to 2019. The correlation coefficient between the sales and net profit

(0.912472). The correlation between sales and net profit = 0.912472 .It is a positive

Correlation.

71
SALES AND OPERATING PROFIT:

YEAR SALES OPERATING X2 Y2 XY

PROFIT
(X)
(Y)

2018 1267.21 92.39 1605821 8535.912 117077.5

2019 1313.35 99.81 1724888 9962.036 131085.5

2020 1147.45 51.61 1316642 2663.592 59219.89

2021 1244.85 97.25 1549652 9457.563 121061.7

2022 1404.14 113.08 1971609 12787.09 158780.2

454.14 8168612 43406.19 587224.8

6377
TOTAL

r= 0.91724

Interpretation:

From the above data it shows the correlation of sales and net profit of five years

From 2015 to 2019. The correlation coefficient between the sales and net profit

(0.91724). The correlation between sales and net profit = 0.91724. It is a positive

Correlation.

72
SALES AND DIVIDEND:

YEAR SALES DIVIDEND X2 Y2 XY

(X) (Y)

2018 1267.21 7.65 1605821 58.5225 9694.157

2019 1313.35 7.72 1724888 59.5984 10139.06

2020 1147.45 0.00 1316642 0 0

2021 1244.85 0.00 1549652 0 0

2022 1404.14 0.00 1971609 0 0

TOTAL 6377 15.37 8168612 118.1209 19833.22

r= 0.145437

Interpretation:

From the above data it shows the correlation of sales and net profit of five years

From 2015 to 2019. The correlation coefficient between the sales and net profit

(0.145437). The correlation between sales and net profit = 0. 145437.It is a positive

Correlation.

73
NET PROFIT AND DIVIDEND:

YEAR NET PROFIT DIVIDEND X2 Y2 XY

(X) (Y)

2018 34.2 7.65 1169.64 58.5225 261.63

2019 35.1 7.72 1232.01 59.5984 270.972

0.972

2020 3.99 0.00 15.9201 0 0

2021 51.39 0.00 2640.932 0 0

2022 64.66 0.00 4180.916 0 0

TOTAL 189.34 15.37 9239.418 118.1209 532.602

r= - 0.12907

Interpretation:

From the above data it shows the correlation of sales and net profit ooff five years

From 2015 to 2019. The correlation coefficient between the sales and net profit

(0.12907). The correlation between sales and net profit = 0.12907. It is a positive

Correlation.

74
 CHAPTER 6

SUGGESTION & FINDINGS:

 The above chart shows the operating profit ratio. The highest operating profit is in year 2019

which is 108.08 because the sales has been slightly increased during the years. The lowest

operating profit is in year 2017 which is 4.49.

 The above chart shows Gross profit ratio for five years. The gross profit has been fluctuating

throughout the years. The gross profit fluctuates because of the increase and decrease in sales.

The highest increase in sales is in a year 2019 which caused the higher increase in ratio.

 The above chart shows the return on total assets ratio. The assets were utilized properly in year

2015 and 2016. In 2017 the management has failed to maintain the utilization of assets which

resulted in decrease rate.In 2018 and 2019 the utilization of assets were proper and resulted in

higher rate of ratio.

 The company’s sales has increased constantly during the year 2015 and 2016 and in 2017 there

was a slight decrease in the sales. And in 2018 the company has managed to raise it sales higher,

however in 2019 there was a big fall in the sales, but increase in net profit caused it as higher rate

of ratio.

75
 From the above chart it shows the overall profitability ratio of five years from 2015 to

2019.There in no much difference in operating profit in 2015 and 2016. The operating profit in

2017 has decreased because the company not able to generate profits properly from its core

business. From 2018 to 2019 the profits began to raise constantly.

 The above chart shows the return on shareholder’s equity ratio. The amount of shareholder’s

fund increased in 2016 as compared to 2015. The shareholders fund along with the net profit has

fallen very low which caused a major decrease in the amount of ratio. However, the shareholders

fund amount has increased in upcoming years. The highest ratio is in year 2019 that is 14.28.

 It shows how an organization is effectively utilizing the assets for revenue generation. From the

above table we can see that the utilization of asset is constant for the past 5 years without any

greater fluctuation. The highest fixed asset turnover is in year 2019 that is 4.2

 The above table shows that the inventory turnover ratio is started to raise from the year 2015 to

2016 after that there is continuous decline in the ratios. The decrease in the ratio shows that the

organization is not efficiently using the company’s asset for supporting the sales.

 The sales don’t have much difference from year2015 to 2018. There was less sales during year

2019. The highest ratio is in a year 2015 because of both sales and shareholders fund were less

that is 3.96.

76
 There is not any much difference in the debt of the company during the year 2015 and 2016. In

2017 and 2018 the company constantly reduced its debts and later in 2019 the debt began to

raise. The lowest debtors turnover is in a year 2017.

 The company’s capital employed is very low in year 2015 which is 319.71 after which it began

to raise in forthcoming years. The highest capital turnover is in year 2015 which is 3.96. The

company’s capital turnover was falling in the upcoming year.

 The long term borrowings of the company were very high during the year 2015 and 2016. In

2017 and 2018 the company has reduced its borrowings which resulted in lower rate of ratio. The

lower the borrowings are, the better the company is functioning.

 From the above data it shows the proprietary ratio of five years from 2015 to 2019. The amount

of shareholder’s fund increased in 2016 as compared to 2015. The shareholders fund along with

the net profit has fallen very low which caused a major decrease in the amount of ratio.

However, the shareholders fund amount has increased in upcoming years. The highest ratio is in

year 2018 that is 0.92.

 The assets were properly utilized in year 2015 and from 2016 to 2017 there is not much

difference as the ratios were nearly similar. There was less utilization of assets in a year 2018

after which in 2019 the assets were properly utilized to show the increase in short term solvency

ratio.

77
  The current liabilities that is the short term financial obligations was similar from 2015 to

2018.In 2019 the liabilities of the company was increased a bit. The highest liquid ratio is in a

year 2018 which is 0.54.

CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION:

I have undergone my institutional Programme at GALAXY LIFTS PVT.LIMITED I can honestly say

that my time spent interning with GALAXY LIFTS PVT.LIMITED resulted in one of the best

experience. Not only did I gain practical skill but I also had the opportunity to meet many skilled persons.

The atmosphere at third party motors with my staff was always welcoming.

The work given to me in the initial days was to make data entry of accounts and checking of book of

accounts of the company. This was a great experience to interact with everyone in the hub were I was

working.

The statement of Profit & Loss shows the expenses and income of the organization tells about the net profit

gained by the organization in the financial year. Overall my internship in GALAXY LIFTS

PVT.LIMITED COMPANY has been a success. I was able to gain practical skills and works in a

fantastic environment and made connections that will last a life time.

78
79