03B BusinessProcessManagement

Production Management
Business Process Management
Master in Mechanical Engineering [MEM]

Today’s learning goals
1. Business Process Management
2. Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)
2
What is a BPM?
Universidade de Coimbra • Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia | University of Coimbra • Faculty of Sciences and Technology | Engenharia e Gestão Industrial • Industrial Engineering and Management
 It is a collection of related, structured activities and tasks that produce a specific product or
service that meet the needs of a client.
 It is often used as synonymous of management of middleware processes; or integrating

application software tasks.
 It’s foundation is very similar to other Total Quality Management or Continuous

Improvement Process methodologies or approaches.
3
BPM Benefits
 Represent processes and make them visible and known to the company (you’d be surprised
how many companies do not know nor control their own business processes).
Plan: Model
 Enable process analysis. Processes
 Enable continuous improvement of processes.

Act: Adjust Do: Perform
Processes Processes
 Serve as a basis for IT support.
Check:
Monitor
Processes 4
BPM Life-cycle
 Management approach focused on aligning all aspects of an organization with the wants
and need of clients.
 Enables organizations to be more efficient, effective and capable of change than a

functionally focused, traditional hierarchical management approach.
Design
Optimization Modelling
Life-Cycle
Monitoring Execution
5
Design
 Process Design encompasses both the identification of existing

processes and the design of new ones.
Design
 The aim is to ensure that a correct and efficient theoretical design is
Optimization Modelling prepared.
Life-Cycle
 The proposed improvement could be in human-to-human, human-

Monitoring Execution to-system, and system-to-system workflows, and might target
regulatory, market, or competitive challenges faced by the
businesses.
6
Modelling
 Modelling takes the theoretical design and introduces combinations

Design of variables (e.g., changes in rent or material costs, which determine
how the process might operate under different circumstances).
Life-Cycle
 It also involves running “what-if analysis” on the processes. For
instance, “What if I have 75% of resources to do the same task?”, or
“What if I want to do the same job for 80% of the current cost?”.
7
Execution
 Execution involves process automation, i.e., to develop/purchase an

application that executes the required steps of the process; or to
use a combination of software and human intervention.
Design
 Developed software enables the business process to be defined in a

Optimization Modelling computer language directly executed by the computer. The system
Life-Cycle will use services in connected applications to perform business
operations or, when a step is too complex to automate, will ask a
Monitoring Execution human for input.
 A business rule can be used to drive process execution and

resolution.
8
Monitoring
Process monitoring includes:
 Tracking of individual processes, so that information on their state can be easily

seen, and statistics on the performance of one or more processes can be
Design
provided.
Optimization Modelling  The degree of monitoring depends on what information the business wants to
Life-Cycle evaluate and analyse and how business wants it to be monitored, in real-time,
near real-time or ad-hoc.
Monitoring Execution  Methods and tools should be used to monitor the process, allowing to analyse
event logs extracted through process monitoring and to compare them with an
a priori process model. It allows to detect discrepancies between the actual
process execution and the a priori model.
9
Optimization
Process optimization includes:
Design  Retrieving process performance information from modelling or

monitoring phase;
Life-Cycle
 Identifying the potential or actual bottlenecks and the potential
opportunities for cost savings or other improvements;
 Applying those enhancements in the design of the process.
10
Business Process Management Notation (BPMN)
What Is BPMN?
 New standard (by OMG - Object Management Group) for

modeling business processes and to establish a standardized New request
bridge for the gap between the business process design and
Insert
process implementation. request
Process owner
 Helps with process: Analyze

request
• Design;
Approve Reject
• Modelling; Participants
• Execution; Aprove Reject

request
request
• Monitoring; Process modeller
• Optimization. Request Request

approved rejected
IT Engineer
Real-world business 11
process
What Is BPMN?
 Provide a standard where there hasn’t been a standard.

 Provides users with a set of standardized diagramming syntax and semantics, through a graphical
diagram to facilitate the representation of business processes.
 Aid interoperability between BPM tools, supporting the generation of process execution
languages.
 Enables to monitor and manage change to improve business processes.
Set of (visual) Set of rules for The meaning of

elements (i.e. combining elements and their
symbols) elements combinations
BPMN BPMN BPMN BPMN

notation vocabulary syntax semantics
12
Main Goals
 Is a standardized notation for describing business processes or workflows:
• Understandable by all Process Analysts;
• Easy to use;
• Understandable by developers;
• Compatible with process implementation applications.
 Provides technical detail for the purposes of process implementation.
 Supports generation of XML graphical objects based execution languages such as Business Process
Execution Language (BPEL).
13
Core Elements
 Events are circular symbols that serve as a trigger: initiating a starting point,
intermediate step, or end point of a particular process.
 Activities are rounded rectangles, illustrating a specific task performed by a

person or system. There are many activities process designers can create,
such as activities that occur once, occur multiple times, or if a specific set of
conditions are met.
 Gateways within a BPMN diagram are diamond-shaped symbols that map

decision points. They can be “forks in the road,” that determine the direction
a process shall turn next.
14
Core Elements
 Sequence Flow: Maps the sequential flow of objects.
 Message Flow: Indicates a message sent between various participants in the

workflow.
 Association: Depicts the relationship between different data and objects.
15
Core Elements
 Pool or laneset is an element representing a

process in an organization or company, It can
represent an entire department like marketing,
customer service, sales, or the whole company.
 Lane, or swimlane, represents the process of an

area or department of the organization or even,
referring to a specific role like the Sales Engineers
or even a precise individual, like John.
16
Example
These activities are

Exclusive mutually exclusive.
Start
gateway
event
Reject order Activities
Order
Check stock rejected
X End
availability Send invoice
Purchase
event
order Confirm
received
order + +
Order
Every start/end event should fulfilled
be labelled, in order to Ship goods A process instance
Parallel
communicate what triggers gateway completes only when
an instance of the process or each token flowing in
what is the outcome when a the model reaches an
process instance completes. These activities can be end event.
executed concurrently. 17
Exercise 1
An offer is required to be done by the sales department of a specific company. At this point, the commercial
manger has to perform a feasibility check based on the business requirements and needs to ensure that the
offer is feasible. If the offer is not feasible, the customer has to be informed and the process ends after informing
him. If the offer is feasible, the personnel needs and availability has to be checked. After clarifying the availability
based on the business resources, the offer has to be created by the commercial employee and the process ends
at creating the offer. Design this process according to BPMN.
18
Exercise 1
Perform no Inform the

Sales department
feasibility
customer
Offer is check Customer
required Feasible?
informed
Check personal Clarify personal

yes needs & needs & Create offer
availability requirements
Offer
created
19
Tutorials and software
 Free software:
• ARIS
• Adonis
• Bizagi Modeler
 Download Software Aris Express: https://www.ariscommunity.com/videos/welcome-aris-cloud-elements
• https://www.ariscommunity.com/know-how
 Videos suggestions:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bp0lYVjrYw
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_OWoVRUXXo
• https://www.ariscommunity.com/videos/create-and-publish-bpmn-process
• https://www.ariscommunity.com/aris-training-videos/basics-business-process-modeling-methods
20

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Production Management

Business Process Management

Master in Mechanical Engineering [MEM]

1. Business Process Management

2. Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)

 It is often used as synonymous of management of middleware processes; or integrating

 It’s foundation is very similar to other Total Quality Management or Continuous

 Enable continuous improvement of processes.

 Serve as a basis for IT support.

 Enables organizations to be more efficient, effective and capable of change than a

 Process Design encompasses both the identification of existing

 The proposed improvement could be in human-to-human, human-

 Modelling takes the theoretical design and introduces combinations

 Execution involves process automation, i.e., to develop/purchase an

 Developed software enables the business process to be defined in a

 A business rule can be used to drive process execution and

Process monitoring includes:

 Tracking of individual processes, so that information on their state can be easily

Process optimization includes:

Design  Retrieving process performance information from modelling or

 Applying those enhancements in the design of the process.

 New standard (by OMG - Object Management Group) for

 Helps with process: Analyze

• Execution; Aprove Reject

• Monitoring; Process modeller

• Optimization. Request Request

 Provide a standard where there hasn’t been a standard.

Set of (visual) Set of rules for The meaning of

BPMN BPMN BPMN BPMN

 Is a standardized notation for describing business processes or workflows:

• Understandable by all Process Analysts;

• Compatible with process implementation applications.

 Provides technical detail for the purposes of process implementation.

 Activities are rounded rectangles, illustrating a specific task performed by a

 Gateways within a BPMN diagram are diamond-shaped symbols that map

 Sequence Flow: Maps the sequential flow of objects.

 Message Flow: Indicates a message sent between various participants in the

 Association: Depicts the relationship between different data and objects.

 Pool or laneset is an element representing a

 Lane, or swimlane, represents the process of an

These activities are

Perform no Inform the

Check personal Clarify personal

 Download Software Aris Express: https://www.ariscommunity.com/videos/welcome-aris-cloud-elements

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