ODISHA ADARSHA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

ANNUAL EXAMINATION-2024
SUBJECT- SCIENCE CLASS-VIII

MARKING SCHEME
1. (d) Gets one sex chromosomes from mother and other from the father
2. (b) Reproductive maturity
3. (a) Positive terminal
4. (d) None of the above
5. (b) Sickle
6. (a) The chemical effects of electric currents.
7. (d) Muscular force
8. (d) Naphthalene balls
9. (a) Fermentation
10. (b) Malaria
11. (b) Oviparous reproduction
12. (d) None
13. (d) All of these
14. (a) It lists endangered species and provides guidelines for their protection.
15. (c) Lowest temperature at which a substance catches fire(a) Hertz (Hz)
16. (c) Due to water the ignition temperature of paper is not reached
17. (c) Amplitude
18. (b) iris
19. (b) They may attract or repel depending on the type of charges they carry
20. (c) Friction
21. The force due to hammering causes the change in shape of iron and iron can be moulded in
the shape of the required tool.
OR
The sharp end of knife has much smaller area compared to its blunt end. Smaller area
provides more pressure for the applied force. Hence, it becomes easier to cut an apple with
sharp end of knife compared to with its blunt end.
22. An endangered animals is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction. Species
become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation.
Example of two endangered animals are- tiger, wild buffaloes
23. Because of constant friction and rubbing, the sweater gets charged. While taking off the
sweater it discharges and transfer of electrons takes place. This creates the crackling sound.
24. The law of reflection states that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the
surface of the mirror all lie in the same plane. The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of
incidence.
25. Space has no air. Since sound waves require a material medium to propagate, therefore,
astronauts cannot talk to each other in space. However, radio waves do not require any
material medium for propagation and hence can be picked by the radio receiver.
26. the factors that affect the force of friction between two surfaces are – (i) area of contact
between two surface (ii) nature of the surface (roughness or smoothness)
OR
 A rocket has been fired upwards to launch a satellite in its orbit. the two forces acting on the
rocket immediately after leaving the launching padare gravitational force and frictional
force.
27. Microorganisms are microscopic, living things that are invisible to the human eye. They are
also referred to as microbes or microscopic organisms for this reason.
Explanation:
They are crucial for both the environment and the welfare of people. These include the
manufacturing of biomolecules the production of pharmaceuticals, the fabrication of
cosmetics, the processing and preservation of food, the recycling of soil nutrients, and so on.
Some of the uses of microbes in promoting human welfare are listed below. Microorganisms
have long been used in the production of food and beverages. They are essential in the
production of alcohol, wine, bread, and curd. The bacteria Lactobacillus are in charge of
creating the curd. In addition to existing outside of the human body, bacteria also exist
within it. Microflora refers to the collective group of microorganisms found
in the human body.
28. There are several methods of irrigation used in agriculture, each with its own advantages and
disadvantages.
Drip Irrigation:
Advantages:
• Highly efficient water use; minimizes water wastage.
• Precise control over water and nutrient delivery to plants.
• Suitable for a wide range of soil types and crops.
Disadvantages:
• Initial installation cost can be high.
• Requires regular maintenance and monitoring.
• Susceptible to clogging if not properly filtered.
Sprinkler Irrigation:
Advantages:
• Even water distribution over a large area.
• Suitable for various soil types and crops.
• Can be automated for convenience.
Disadvantages:
• Higher energy requirements for pumping water.
• Wind can affect water distribution.
• Evaporation losses can occur on hot and windy days.
29. it is difficult to start pedaling a stationary bicycle, but it becomes easier once you start
moving because stationary bicycle has static friction and once it move it has rolling friction
30. School bags are provided with broad straps to increase the surface area in contact with the
shoulders and reduce pressure on the shoulders. If thin straps would be used, the surface
area in contact with the shoulders would decrease which will lead to an increase in pressure
on shoulders.
31. No open place is safe. A house or a building is a safe place. If travelling by car or by bus, it is
safe to stay inside with windows and doors of the vehicle shut.

• If we are outside, the following things are important to be kept in mind:

• Open vehicles, like motorbikes, tractors, construction machinery, fields, tall trees,
shelters in parks, elevated places do not protect us from lightning strikes.
• Carrying an umbrella is not at all a good idea during thunderstorms.
 • If no shelter is available and we are in an open field, we should keep away from all
trees. We should stay away from poles or other metal objects. We should not lie on
the ground.
• If we are inside the house, we should take care as advised further:
Lightning can strike telephone cords, electrical wires and metal pipes. During a
thunderstorm, contact with these should be avoided.

32. Any unwanted or disturbing sound that affects the health and well-being of humans and other
organisms called noise pollution. The harmful effects of noise pollution are stress related
illnesses, high blood pressure, speech interference, hearing loss, sleep disruption, and lost
productivity.
33. Plant absorb water from soil and evaporate it to form clouds. As a result less water is absorbed
from the soil and it disturbs the water cycle. The formation of clouds become difficult which leads to
reduced rainfall.

OR

Plants and animals found in a particular area are called flora and fauna of that area. Example
of flora found in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve are sal, teak, mango, jamun, silver ferns, arjun and
fauna are chinkara, blue bull, barking deer, cheetal, leopard, wild dog, wolf

34. (a)

(b) The zygote is the initial stage in the baby's development. This stage is also known as a
fertilized ovum formed from the union of the sperm cell as well as the egg cell. Foetus refers to
the last or final stage in the baby's development.
OR
A- Uterus
B- Embedding embryo
C- Ovary
D- Ovulation
E- Zygote
35. (a) A goldsmith uses the outer zone (non-luminous zone) of a candle flame to melt gold and silver
because it is the hottest zone, has a very high temperature and complete combustion takes place in
the outermost zone of the flame.
(b) The increasing fuel consumption has harmful effects on the environment. The main products
formed during the fuel combustion are:
(1) Carbon fuels like wood, coal, petroleum release unburnt carbon particles. These fine particles
are dangerous pollutants causing respiratory diseases, such as asthma.
(2) Incomplete combustion of carbon fuels gives carbon monoxide gas. It is a very poisonous gas.
It is dangerous to burn coal in a closed room. The carbon monoxide gas produced can kill persons
sleeping in that room.
 (3) Combustion of most fuels releases carbon dioxide in the environment. Increased
concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is believed to be the cause of global warming.
(4) Burning of coal and diesel releases sulphur dioxide gas. It is an extremely suffocating and
corrosive gas.
36. (a) 1. Height and weight increase. 2. Muscles develop. 3. Shoulder broadens. 4. Hair grows in the
arm pits and pubic area, and facial hair also appears. 5. Voice break takes place due to lengthening of
vocal cord and enlarging of larynx.
(b) The female egg always has an X chromosome. So if the male gamete with the X
chromosome fuses with the female egg, the child will be female. Similarly, if the male gamete with
the Y chromosome fuses with the female egg, the child will be male.
37. (i) (a) Bubbles of a gas may be formed on the electrodes
(ii) (a) Oxygen and Hydrogen
(iii) (a) liquid A is a better conductor than liquid B
(iv) (d) to make the metal caps free of any rust
38. (i) (b) Incident ray
(ii) (c) Virtual and erect
(iii) (d) Concave mirror
(iv) (b) A convex mirror
39. (i) (c) Limited in quantity
(ii) (d) Plastic
(iii) (c) Forest
(iv) (d) All of these