Parts of Speech

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TOP GIRLS
Group
Members
 Pronouns
Words that function as substitutes or nouns. Used to
avoid repetition in language and refers to people, places
things. For example he or she, it or they.
 What exactly is pronouns?

They’re are linguistic category

that plays a crucial role in
language by facilitating
smoother comunication
 Categories of Pronouns
-Personal Pronouns: Refer to specific people or things. Examples include "I," "you," "he,"
"she,

- Possessive Pronouns: Indicate ownership or possession. Examples "mine," "yours," "his,"

"hers,"

- Reflexive Pronouns: End in "-self" or "-selves" Examples include "myself," "yourself,"

"themselves”

- Demonstrative Pronouns:Point specific things or people. Examples are "this," "that," and
"those."

- Relative Pronouns:Introduce dependent clauses and connect them to a noun. Examples

"who," "whom."
Pronoun bingo

How to Play:

1. Get bingo sheets and calling cards.

2. Students mark their sheets with
stickers.
3. Pull a card, show it, and mark it.
4. Call out pronouns for marking.
5. First to complete a row shouts
"bingo" to win.
 ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are words that modify or characterise nouns or
pronouns by adding details about their qualities, states, or
characteristics. They can convey size, colour, shape, age,
and other attributes to help offer a more complete or
particular picture of the noun or pronoun being
modified.Adjectives serve an important function in language
because they give complexity and depth to descriptions,
helping speakers and writers to convey more exact
meanings and vivid imagery.
 types of ADJECTIVES
Descriptive Adjectives: These adjectives describe the characteristics or
qualities of a noun or pronoun. For example, "beautiful," "tall," "smart."
Quantitative Adjectives: These adjectives indicate the quantity or
amount of a noun. For example, "many," "few," "some."
Demonstrative Adjectives: These adjectives point out specific nouns.
For example, "this," "that," "these," "those."
Possessive Adjectives: These adjectives show ownership or possession.
For example, "my," "your," "his," "her," "its," "our," "their."

Interrogative Adjectives: These adjectives are used in

questions to ask about a noun. For example, "which," "what,"
"whose."
Indefinite Adjectives: These adjectives do not specify a particular noun
but refer to non-specific things or people. For example, "some," "any,"
"several," "many."

Comparative Adjectives: These adjectives are used to compare two nouns.

For example, "bigger," "smarter," "more beautiful."

Superlative Adjectives: These adjectives are used to compare three or

more nouns. For example, "biggest," "smartest," "most beautiful."
 Placement of ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are usually placed before the noun they describe. However, in some
cases, they can come after the verb "to be" or after certain verbs such as "seem,"
"become," "feel," etc. For example, "The (red) car," "She is (happy)," "The cake
smells (delicious)"

Degrees of ADJECTIVES
Positive: The basic form of the adjective. For example, "fast."
Comparative: Used to compare two things. For example, "faster."
Superlative: Used to compare three or more things. For example, "fastest."
 I
ITT ’’ S
S G
GAAM
MEE T
TIIM
MEE
LET’S PLAY A GAME CALLED
“ ADJECTIVE ADVENTURE”
W TO PLAY
HO :
1. All participants are divided into teams of 5-6
2. Each team will take turns drawing a noun card from the deck provided.
3. The team must then come up with an appropriate adjective for the noun and use it in a
sentence within the time limit.
For Example: If the team draws the car with the noun “Dog,” they might say, “The furry
dog played in the park”
4. Each correct use of an adjective scores a point for the team
5. Bonus points can be awarded for creativity or humour in the sentences
6. The game can be played for a set number of rounds or until all the cards are used.
7. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins.
 VERB
WHAT IS VERB?

Verbs are words that show an action, occurrence, or state of being

(basically existing). Almost every sentence requires a verb. The basic
form of a verb is known as its infinitive. The forms call, love, break,
and go are all infinitives.
 The Types of Verbs

1. Action Verbs: These verbs express physical or mental

actions. Examples include "run," "jump," "think," and "write."
2. Linking Verbs: Linking verbs connect the subject of a
sentence with a subject complement, which could be a noun,
pronoun, or adjective that renames or describes the subject.
Examples include "is," "am," "are," "was," "were," "seem,"
"appear," and "become."
3. Auxiliary Verbs: Auxiliary verbs assist the main verb in
expressing tense, mood, or voice. Examples include "can,"
"could," "may," "might," "will," "would," "shall," "should,"
"must," and "ought to."
 4. Modal Verbs: Modal verbs are a type of auxiliary verb that
express necessity, possibility, permission, or ability. Examples
include "can," "could," "may," "might," "will," "would," "shall,"
"should," "must," and "ought to."
5. Transitive Verbs: These verbs require a direct object to complete
their meaning. Examples include "eat" (She ate what? - apples) and
"throw" (He threw the ball).
6. Intransitive Verbs: These verbs do not require a direct object to
complete their meaning. Examples include "sleep," "arrive," and
"laugh."
 “Verb Pictionary
Charades"

How to play

1. Form teams.
2. Create verb cards.
3. Take turns drawing a verb card and drawing the verb.
4. Teammates guess the verb.
5. Earn a point for correct guesses.
6. Continue until all cards are used or a set number of rounds is completed.
PREPOSITIONS
 Let's play a
game to better
comprehend
this.
Story Challenge
Building
 • Start with an opening sentence…

HOW
and let the adventure begin!
• Each participant adds one sentence

TO PLAY to continue the story.

• Set a timer for each turn—race
against the clock!
• Encourage wild ideas and team up
for epic twists!
• Complete the story and unveil your
masterpiece!
 🤗
LET’S PLAY
“Emilia went
to the
university
early this
morning.”
ADVERB

Parts of speech
What is
adverb?
Definition:
An adverb is a word that changes or describes a verb,
adjective, or another adverb. It gives extra details about
how, when, where, to what extent, or how often something
happens. Adverbs can end in "-ly," like quickly or slowly, or
they can be irregular, like well or often. They're important
because they make sentences clearer and more detailed
by giving more meaning to the words they're linked to.
 1. Adverbs of manner:
These adverbs describe how an action is performed or the manner
in which it occurs. They provide additional detail about the verb.
For example:
He drives carefully. (How does he drive? Carefully.)

Types of
2. Adverbs of time:
Adverbs of time indicate when an action takes place. They
answer questions like when, for how long, or how often an

adverbs action happens. For example:

He exercises daily. (How often does he exercise? Daily.)

3. Adverbs of place:
These adverbs specify where an action occurs. They provide
information about the location or direction of the action. For
example:
She went upstairs. (Where did she go? Upstairs.)
 4. Adverbs of frequency:
Adverbs of frequency indicate how often an action occurs. They
provide information about the regularity or repetition of an
action. For example:
I always brush my teeth before bed. (How often do I brush?

Types of Always.)

adverbs 5. Adverbs of degree:

These adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to
indicate the intensity, extent, or degree of something. They
answer questions like to what extent or how much. For example:
He runs quite fast. (To what extent does he run? Quite.)
Fun Activity
HOW TO PLAY?
1. Each team 2. When the game 3. The player 4. The player then 5. Once the player 6. The game
lines up begins, the first identifies the grabs a token or reaches their continues in this
behind the player from each adverb in the card representing team, they tag the manner until all
starting line. team runs to the sentence, picture the adverbs and next player in line, players on one
turnaround point or scenario and runs back to their who repeats the team have collected
where the remembers it. team with it. They process. tokens representing
sentences, pictures also should state its adverbs.
or scenarios are function. For
placed. example, manner,
time, place, degree
and frequency.
NOUN
 What exactly is a noun?

A noun is a word that names something , such as a

person , place , thing or idea. In a sentence, nouns can
play the role of subject , direct object , indirect
object , subject complement , object complement ,
appositive or modifier. Example is “cat” , “Kuala
Lumpur” and “ Taylor Swift”

Basically to construct every sentence we require

a noun
 GENERAL TYPES OF
NOUNS
1.Proper Nouns :
Proper nouns are people , places, and things with specific names. Examples
include Alex, Frances, Friday and Morocco.

2.Common Nouns :
Common nouns are people , places and things that do not have a specific
name, Examples include chair, lamps and cup.
Common Nouns classified into:

Concrete Nouns
Abstract Nouns
Countable, Uncountable and Collective Nouns
Compound Nouns
 -Concrete Nouns-
Concrete nouns are “ sense” words can experiences with five sense
like sight , sound , smell , taste and touch . Example ‘ You can hear
the bell’

-Abstract Nouns-
Abstract nouns are words that refer to ideas, concept , beliefs or
state of being.Unlike concrete nouns ( identifying and using abstract
nouns because sometimes a word can function as a verb. The
context and use of the words in the sentece determine whether the
word is an abstract noun or verb) . Examples include i love my cat ,
word love indicates an action there verb and Love is strong emotion
word love for these sentences are subject and as abstract nouns .
 -Countable , Uncountable and Collective-
-Countable Nouns are nouns that can be counted for example pencil, two
pencil thus countable nouns have a single or plural form.
-Uncountable Nouns cannot be counted , these nouns are concepts,
substances , information and feeling, Example include work, water and anger.
Collective nouns refer to group of things or individual
-Collective nouns are singular when referring to a group of people, Example is
audience , class and flock.

-Compound Noun-
Compound Noun is made up of two or more word, can be written in three way ,
a single word like volleyball or two word like ice-cream or swimming pool and
hyphenated word sister-in -law
 Noun Transformation Challenge

How To Play:
1. Each players will be provided with a common noun (e.g., "tree," "book," "dog").
2. Players will write down as many transformations of that noun as they can think of.
For example, they could transform "tree" into "forest," "lumber," "shade,"
"oxygen producer," etc.
3. Players will need to think beyond simple synonyms and consider how the noun
can be transformed into different forms or contexts.
4. After a set amount of time, players will have to share their transformations with
the class. Discussion about the creative choices and the different perspectives
players bring to the activity will be encouraged.
5. Players will be awarded points for originality, complexity, or number of
transformations generated.
conjunction
What exactly is a Conjunction ?

A conjunction is a word that connects words,

phrases, or clauses in a sentence. Examples include
"and," "but," and "or." They help to join ideas
together.

Basically conjunction is a word that connects

words, phrases, or clauses to form a cohesive
sentence.
TYPE’S OF
CONJUNCTION
 1. Coordinating Conjunctions: These connect words,
phrases, or clauses of equal importance. For example,
“and” joins two similar ideas (“I like coffee and tea”),
“but” contrasts ideas (“I like coffee, but I prefer tea”),
and “or” presents alternatives (“Would you like coffee or
tea?”).

2. Subordinating Conjunctions:
These join dependent clauses to independent clauses,
indicating a relationship of dependence or
subordination. For example, “because” introduces a
reason (“I drink coffee because I enjoy the taste”),
“although” introduces a contrast (“Although it was
raining, we went for a walk”), and “while” introduces
simultaneous actions (“I studied while she slept”).
 3. Correlative Conjunctions: These work in pairs to
connect elements within a sentence. Common
examples include “either…or” (“You can have either
cake or ice cream”), “neither…nor” (“Neither the cat
nor the dog wanted to go outside”), and “both…and”
(“She is both intelligent and kind”).
FUN ACTIVITY
 Activity: Story in a Bag

Explanation:
Participants are divided into
teams and given a bag containing
various random objects. Each team
selects one object from the bag and
must collaboratively create a
short story incorporating that
object into the plot. The stories
can be as imaginative as they like!
 Instructions:

1. Divide into teams.

2. Each team selects one object from their bag.
3. Collaboratively create a short story
incorporating the chosen object.
4. Present the stories to the group.
5. Vote for the most creative or entertaining
story.
6. Have fun and let your imagination run wild!
 Thank
you for
listening!