Standards For Roads and Stormwater Design (Including DWGS) RevD

Standards for Roads
and Stormwater
Design
August 2017
Version 3
1
TRANSPORT
City of Cape Town – Transport
Physical Address Postal Address

Tower Block P O Box 1694
Civic Centre Cape Town
12 Hertzog Boulevard 8000
Cape Town
8001
Contact Person:
Head: Integrated Transport
Implementation Design Darren Snyders
Email Address Darren.Snyders@capetown.gov.za
Contact Person:
Head: Infrastructure Management & Systems Mark Ernstzen
Email Address Mark.Ernstzen@capetown.gov.za
Copyright 2017 by the City of Cape Town

® All rights reserved
SCHEDULE OF AMENDMENTS
No Date Section Description
1 July 2014 Review of document

TABLET OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose of These Guidelines....................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Discrepancies............................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Applicability .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.4 Deviations .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.5 Site Specific Conditions and Future Developments..................................................................... 1
1.6 Design Approval ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.7 Legal Background ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.8 Definitions .................................................................................................................................... 2
2. ROAD PLANNING .................................................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Bibliography of Relevant Codes of Practice, Policies and Guidelines ......................................... 2
2.2 General ........................................................................................................................................ 3
2.3 Town Planning ............................................................................................................................. 3
2.4 Road Planning Standards ............................................................................................................ 2
2.5 Cross Section Requirements ....................................................................................................... 7
2.6 Vertical Clearance ........................................................................................................................ 8
3. ROAD DESIGN ....................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 9
3.2 Road Design ................................................................................................................................ 9
4. ROAD VERGES .................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1 General ...................................................................................................................................... 11
4.2 Relevant Codes of Practice, Policy and Guidelines .................................................................. 11
4.3 Verge Cross Section .................................................................................................................. 12
4.4 Underground Service Reservations ........................................................................................... 12
4.5 Above Ground Service Reservations ......................................................................................... 13
5. PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLE WAYS ..................................................................................................... 14
5.1 Non-motorised Transport ........................................................................................................... 14
5.2 Relevant Codes of Practice 17
5.3 Pedestrian and Cycle Way Design ............................................................................................ 14
6. CARRIAGEWAY CROSSINGS ................................................................................................................
6.1 General ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.2 Driveway Design ........................................................................................................................ 15
6.4 Design Parameters .................................................................................................................... 18
7. PARKING .............................................................................................................................................. 18
7.1 General ...................................................................................................................................... 18
7.2 Relevant Codes of Practice, Policies and Guidelines ................................................................ 18
7.3 Geometric Design ..........................................................................................................................
7.4 Parking Areas............................................................................................................................. 19
8. PAVEMENT DESIGN ............................................................................................................................ 20
8.1 General ...................................................................................................................................... 20
8.3 Pavement Design ....................................................................................................................... 21
8.4 Additional Requirements for Steep Terrains .............................................................................. 27
9. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND SIGNAGE ................................................................................. 29
9.1 General ...................................................................................................................................... 29
9.3 Traffic Signals Design ................................................................................................................ 29
10. STORMWATER DESIGN STANDARDS .............................................................................................. 29
10.1 General ...................................................................................................................................... 29
10.2 Standard Reference Documents, Codes of Practice, Policies and Guidelines ......................... 30
10.3 Stormwater Design .................................................................................................................... 30
10.4 Physical Design Criteria ............................................................................................................. 32
11. SEWERS ............................................................................................................................................... 43
12. WATER RETICULATION ..................................................................................................................... 43
13. DUCTS .................................................................................................................................................. 43
13.1 General ...................................................................................................................................... 43
13.2 Relevant Codes of Practice, Policy, Guidelines and Specifications. ......................................... 44
13.3 Design Criteria ........................................................................................................................... 44
13.4 Ducting Pipe Materials ............................................................................................................... 44
13.5 Duct Marking Details .................................................................................................................. 44
13.6 General ...................................................................................................................................... 45
13.7 Relevant Codes of Practice, Policy, Guidelines and Specifications .......................................... 45
13.8 Legal Requirements ................................................................................................................... 45
13.9 Site Development Plan .............................................................................................................. 45
13.10 Detailed Design ......................................................................................................................... 46
13.11 Construction, Supervision and Testing ...................................................................................... 46
13.12 Supply of Water for Construction Purposes .............................................................................. 46
13.13 Maintenance Guarantee ............................................................................................................ 46
14. DRAWING STANDARDS AND AS-BUILT REQUIREMENTS ............................................................ 46
14.1 General ...................................................................................................................................... 46
14.2 Symbols, Line Styles and Colour ............................................................................................... 46
14.3 Layers ........................................................................................................................................ 47
14.4 Plan Layouts .............................................................................................................................. 47
14.5 Longitudinal Sections ................................................................................................................. 47
14.6 As-Built Information .................................................................................................................... 47
15. STANDARD DETAIL DRAWINGS ....................................................................................................... 51
15.1 List of Standard Drawings .......................................................................................................... 51
List of Tables
Table 3—2: Traffic Circle Types and Classifications…………………………………………………… .14
Table 4—1: Roadway clearance for Street Lighting Poles (measured from kerb face to face
pole)…..............................................................................................................................17
Table 5—1: Prescribed Footway and Cycle Lane Width………………………………….…………….. 18
Table 7—1: Dimensions for parking angled layouts……………………………………………..………..21
Table 8—1: Minimum Standard for Pavement Layers.........................................................................24
Table 8—2: Typical Material depths to be used for determining the designing CBR of the in-situ
subgrade………………………………………………………………………………………...25
Table 8—3: Pavement Material Specifications…………………………………………………………….25
Table 8—4: Premix Surfacing Specifications………………………………………………………………26
Table 10—1: Design Storm Recurrence Interval per Development Type………………………………..33
Table 10—2: Stormwater Conduit Design Criteria…………………………………………….……………34
Table 10—3: Anchor Block Spacing…………………………………………………………….……………35
Table 10—4: Sub-surface Drain Design Criteria……………………………………………….…………...38
Table 10—5: Open Stormwater Channel Design Criteria…………………………………….……………38
Table 10—6: Stormwater Pond Design Criteria……………………………………………….…………….39
Table 13—1: Ducting Design Criteria…………………………………………………………….…………..45
Table 13—2: Ducting Pipe Materials and Specifications………………………………………..………….45
STANDARDS FOR ROADS AND STORMWATER DESIGN REV 3 DEC 2017
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of These Guidelines

This document has been prepared in response to the need to lay down minimum standards for
Township Developments within the City of Cape Town. A township development is defined as the
planning, design and construction (including alterations to existing) of the roads and utility services
infrastructure that is required to service a residential, commercial, or industrial urban community.
1.1.1 Give guidance to where relevant specifications and guidelines can be found ;
1.1.2 Highlight and in some instances repeat important aspects of such relevant
documentation ;
1.1.3 Lay down minimum specifications relevant to the City’s needs ;
1.1.4 Make designers aware of the City’s adopted policies ;
1.1.5 Strive towards uniformity in terms of design criteria and material specifications ;
1.1.6 All materials used in any public roadway or road reserve must comply with the highest
standard as approved by South African Bureau of Standards.
This document will be available to all developers and consultants as a quick guide to assist with the
design and construction of urban infrastructure. The vision is to expand the document in future to
include all services in one easily distributable and concise document.
1.2 Discrepancies
Any discrepancies, which become apparent, must be referred to the Director: (hereinafter referred
to as “Director: Asset Management and Maintenance”). In such cases, the more restrictive
requirements shall apply, unless otherwise approved by the Director: Asset Management and
Maintenance
1.3 Applicability
These Standards are applicable to all residential, industrial and commercial township
developments in the City of Cape Town, with the exception of low-cost government subsidised
residential developments, where other standards may be used by prior written agreement with the
Director:
1.4 Deviations
Where existing infrastructure and site-specific conditions require deviation from this document such
deviations must be approved by the Director: Asset Management and Maintenance
1.5 Site Specific Conditions and Future Developments

Where abnormal site conditions exist or where a development needs to service existing or future
developments the Director: Asset Management and Maintenance may require a higher standard of
the services to be provided.
Special or unique design situations must be addressed on a case by case basis.
1.6 Design Approval

The approval of the design by the Director: Asset Management and Maintenance in no way
absolves the developer from any responsibilities or liabilities in respect of the design.
1.7 Legal Background

1.7.1 Acts
1.7.1.1 Municipal Structures Act
1.7.1.2 National Road Traffic Act,1996
1.7.1.3 Municipal Systems Act
1.7.1.4 National Road Traffic Act,1996
1.7.1.5 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996
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1.7.2 By-Laws
1.7.2.1 Standard Streets By-Law ;
1.7.2.2 Streets, Public Places & Prevention of Nuisance ;
1.7.2.3 Graffiti By-Law ;
1.7.2.4 Informal Trading ;
1.7.2.5 Outdoor Advertising & Signage By-Law ;
1.7.2.6 Parking ;
1.7.2.7 Parking Areas By-Law ;
1.7.2.8 Stormwater Management By-Law ;
1.7.2.9 Development Management Scheme1
1.7.3 Ordinances
1.7.3.1 Roads Ordinance No 19 of 1976
1.7.3.2 Land Use Planning Ordinance (LUPO)
1.8 Definitions
Refer to applicable document
2. ROAD PLANNING
2.1 Bibliography of Relevant Codes of Practice, Policies and Guidelines
2.1.1 Municipal Planning By Law amendments - Gazette 7647 1 July 2016 (Formerly City of
Cape Town Zoning Scheme Regulations)
http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/Planningportal/Pages/Zoningscheme.aspx
2.1.2 CoCT:TR&S: Specification 01: Construction of Vehicular, Pedestrian and Wheelchair
Access Crossings and Access Ramps.
2.1.3 CoCT: Trees Policy
https://www.capetown.gov.za/en/parks/Documents/City_Parks_Tree_policies_662007153
10_.pdf
2.1.4 Footways Policy and Guidelines, CoCT Transport, Roads & Planning
http://:www.capetown.gov.za/en/Policies/All%2520Policies/Footways%2520Implementatio
n%2520Policy%2520-
%2520approved%2520on%252028%2520May%25202008.pdf+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl
=za
2.1.5 Geometric Design Manual – PAWC (1996)
http://www.nra.co.za/content/GDGGeometricDesignGuide.pdf
2.1.6 Guideline for the Formalising of Parking Areas on Verges, Director: TR&S 2003-07-21.
(Document)
2.1.7 Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design (Published by CSIR Building and
Construction Technology, 2000, Boutek Report No. BOU/E2001 (known as “Red Book”)
http://www.csir.co.za/Built_environment/RedBook/Vol_I/Volume_I.pdf
2.1.8 Guidelines for the Erection of Balconies, Canopies and Columns on the Verge (CoCT
Roads & Stormwater, 2006-08-15).( No document, no hyperlink)
2.1.9 Pedestrian and Bicycle Facility Guidelines. Department of Transport, August 2003)
http://www.juca.org.za/pdfs/Pedestrian_bicycle_facility_guidelines.pdf
2.1.10 Road Access Guidelines (Second Edition – May 2001 )
https://www.westerncape.gov.za/other/2012/8/road_access_guidelines_latest.pdf
2.1.11 Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, at the Turner Fairbank Highway Research Centre
website: www.tfhrc.gov/safety/00068.htm
2.1.12 TGS 1,5,9,12,14 (Transport Planning Guidelines)
http://www.imesa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Civ_Eng_Standards_-_Review_-
_2007-12-21.pdf
2.1.13 UTG 1: Geometric Design of Urban Arterials
http://www.nra.co.za/content/Blogin/UTG1.pdf
2.1.14 UTG 10: Guidelines for the Geometric Design of Commercial and Industrial Local Streets
http://www.civilsmasakheni.co.za/?page=RSTUTG
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2.1.15 UTG 5: Geometric Design of Urban Collector Roads

2.1.16 UTG 7: Geometric design of Local Residential Streets.
2.1.17 Southern African Road Traffic Signs Manual (SARTSM June 1999) (Document)
2.1.18 CoCT : NMT Plan
https://www.capetown.gov.za/en/IDP/Documents/Statutory%20compliance%20plans%202
012/AnnexK_Integrated_Transport_Plan.pdf (error message)
2.1.19 CoCT : Integrated Transport Plan
https://www.capetown.gov.za/en/PublicParticipation/Documents/HYS_Transport_ITP_Fin
al_Draft.pdf (error message)
2.1.20 Guidelines for sliding gates – D R&S August 1995 (Document)
2.1.21 Guidelines for landscaping in road reserves 2004 (Document)
2.1.22 CoCT Guidelines on Fencing (Documents)
2.1.23 Stormwater Documents (refer to paragraph 10.2) (Stormwater Folder)
2.1.24 SANS 784 - 2008
2.1.25 COLTO 1998 Edition
2.2 General
This section of the guidelines covers primarily local Class 3, 4 and 5 roads. The Director of
Transport Planning must be consulted for the planning and conceptual design of Class 1 and 2
roads.
Road Planning should not be seen in isolation by the Engineering profession but must be dealt with
in close co-operation with the other related disciplines e.g. planning.
The planning process needs to respond to the following inputs:
2.2.1 Environment ;
2.2.1 Community it serves ;
2.2.3 Modes of transport ;
2.2.4 Public transport needs ;
2.2.5 Integration with public transport network ; and
2.2.6 Recreational and community facilities.
Priority should be given to the needs of transport modes in the following order of precedence:
2.2.7 Walking ;
2.2.8 Cycling ;
2.2.9 Public transport (that includes mini-bus taxis) ;
2.2.10 Commercial vehicles ;
2.2.11 Private vehicles ;
2.3 Town Planning

2.3.1 Access to Properties
Access restrictions on properties need to be established at the planning stage and the rules need
to be incorporated in Overlay Zone regulations applicable to a particular area or land unit.
2.3.2 On Site Parking Requirements

The provision for on-site parking is covered in City of Cape Town’s Development Management
Scheme (Zoning Scheme) for the relevant area.
As at March 2017:
http://www.capetown.gov.za/work%20and%20business/planning-portal/regulations-and-
legislations/the-city-of-cape-towns-development-management-scheme
Consult web for latest version.
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2.3.3 Setbacks for Garages, Carports and Security Gates

The minimum required building line setback as prescribed in the relevant Development
Management Schemes must be adhered to at all times. Any relaxation of the street building line
needs to be approved by the Director: Asset Management & Maintenance.
A minimum street building line of 1.5 metres is recommended to safeguard buildings from pipe-
bursts or services excavations within the road reserve. In addition, the distance from the road kerb
line to the garage/carport will be at least 5.5 metres to 6.5 metres, depending upon the class of
road and whether pedestrians need to be accommodated within the setback.
Building Line Setback for Garages and Carports needs to be correlated with the Development
Management Scheme (Zoning Scheme)
2.2.3.1 In cases where dedicated pedestrian or cycle lanes exist or where a high volume of
pedestrian traffic is expected, the minimum distance of 5.5 metres shall be
measured from the back of such lanes or paths in order not to interfere with
pedestrian or bicycle movements.
2.2.3.2 On roads with high vehicular traffic (typical middle and higher order links), it should
be a requirement that all security gates be set back 5.5 metres from the road kerb
line or pedestrian and cycle lane. Such requirements can be enforced as part of the
plans approval process for boundary walls
2.3.4 Setbacks for Access Gates at ‘High Generator’ Driveways

The stacking space in front of access gates to developments is listed in table 2-1 and shall be as
follows, measured from the edge of the closest lane, shoulder or footway or cycle lane as
applicable
Table 2—1: Stacking Space in front of Access Gates
Number of Units served Required Stacking Space
1. <15 6m
2. 15 – 40 12 m
3. >40 Site Specific Requirements
2.3.5 Gates: general requirements

2.2.5.1 No part of any gate shall be installed within road reserves. Gates on a boundary must
be completely on the private side thereof.
2.2.5.2 Gates shall not open into road reserves, but inwards away from the road. Gates opening
towards the road must be set back so that the open gate is completely within the private
property.
2.2.5.3 The location of gate control devices within the road reserve is not permitted.
2.2.5.4 No part of a gate’s mechanism may be accessible from the road reserve. Suitable
protection must be in place where necessary.
Refer to:-
Guidelines for Sliding Gates, Director: Roads and Stormwater, 1995-08-08
National Building Regulations
As at March 2017, hyperlink:
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http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Procedures,%20guidelines%20and
%20regulations/National%20Building%20Regulations%20%E2%80%93%20Part%20S.pdf
2.4 Road Planning Standards

2.4.1 Road Classification and Hierarchy
Designers should read these Minimum Standards in conjunction with Chapters 5 and 7 of the Red
Book: Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design where the emphasis is on Movement
Networks rather than the conventional hierarchical structure. Designs should be based on the
functions that each Link within a Movement Network needs to perform to determine the appropriate
road reserve widths, footway and on street parking provisions. Engineering judgement should
prevail rather than merely opting for the minimum standard solution.
2.4.2 Design Speed

At a Road planning stage, it is important to establish whether the design standards for a given
speed can be maintained within the chosen road layout. Steep terrains require special attention
from a road planning perspective.
Road layout at subdivision stage should also be designed such that speed control and extraneous
traffic control is inherent in the layout. “Add-on” measures such as speed humps are not
supported).
2.4.3 Road Reserve Characteristics

The cross section of the road reserve must provide for all functions that the road is expected to
fulfil, including:
2.3.3.1 Safe and efficient movement of all users including and especially pedestrians and
cyclists.
2.3.3.2 Universal Access
2.3.3.3 Provision for parked vehicles
2.3.3.4 Provision for utility services both under and above ground
2.3.3.5 Street lighting
2.3.3.6 Landscaping
2.3.3.7 Traffic signs and signals
2.3.3.8 Street name and direction signs
In addition to the above, the selected roadway and road reserve should comply with the following:
2.3.3.9 The safety and convenience of pedestrians and cyclists must be ensured by providing
sufficient on or off road paths or sidewalks
2.3.3.10 The roadway width must allow vehicles to proceed safely at the operating speed
intended for the class of road.
2.3.3.11 The road reserve width should be sufficient to provide adequate access to individual
erven. The word “adequate” must be read in context with the mode of transport that is
expected to dominate each specific road or pedestrian access way.
2.3.3.12 Widening of the roadway and road reserve may be required at strategic locations to
allow for wider heavy vehicle paths.
2.3.3.13 Widening of the verge and subsequent road reserve may be required to ensure
adequate sight distances around horizontal curves and at intersections. The use of
mirrors to ameliorate sight line problems is not permitted.
2.3.3.14 Appropriate verge width must be provided to enable the safe location, construction and
maintenance of required utility services e.g. electricity, water, telecommunication, street
lighting. See Section 4 on Road Verges, for more information.
2.4.4 Parking
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Provision for parking shall form an inherent part of any new development. It is paramount that
parking provision does not limit site distance at intersections or bends. Designers should consider
the provision of on or off street parking in conjunction with other issues such as driveway access,
waste collection etc. In developments with narrow frontages, on-street parking may be problematic
and setbacks of entrances and garages need to be considered to avoid parking back up into the
street.
Property owners adjoining roadways should provide sufficient on-site or off street parking.
Refer to: -
The City Of Cape Town’s Development Management Scheme
As at March 2017:
http://www.capetown.gov.za/work%20and%20business/planning-portal/regulations-and-
legislations/the-city-of-cape-towns-development-management-scheme
Consult web for latest version
The South African Building Regulations
As at March 2017:
http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Procedures,%20guideline
s%20and%20regulations/National%20Building%20Regulations%20%E2%80%93%20Part%20S.p
df
Provision for on-street parking should be considered at the following locations:

a) Public Amenities
b) Educational Institutions
c) Recreational Facilities
d) Public Health Facilities
e) Etc.
2.4.5 Waste / Refuse and Emergency Vehicles

Access for waste collection and emergency vehicles is one of the most important aspects in the
planning of any new development. Road layouts and reserve widths should be designed to
accommodate typical waste collection and emergency vehicles. Designs should be based on the
SU type vehicle as specified in Table 7.2 of the Red Book: Guidelines for Human Settlement
Planning and Design.
In Low Cost Housing developments, large turning circles are generally not affordable. In such
cases, refuse collection points need to be provided adjacent to the roadway. As a rule, the distance
from the collection point to the furthest household should not exceed 45 metres.
A typical collection point can consist of a demarcated and surfaced or paved area behind the road
kerb, at least 1.5 metres wide with a length equal to the number of service points in meters. Such
collection areas should be carefully selected to avoid being too close to or opposite residential
frontages or accesses, and to ensure that sight lines for road use are not obstructed and shall not
impede safe pedestrian movement.
2.4.6 Public Transport

On designated or potential public transport (PT) routes (or potential bus routes) provision needs to
be made for PT facilities including (PT) stops, shelters and bus embayment’s Such provisions
should include consideration for pedestrian access, driveway locations and geometric design at
intersections.
Street networks should be planned to bring everyone within a convenient walking distance (not
more than 400 metres) of public transport stops, especially in low cost housing areas. See chapter
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8.4 of the Road Access Guidelines for the optimal location and minimum guidelines for bus and
minibus taxi stops.
Refer to:- Non-Motorised Policy and Strategy Volume 1
As at March 2017:
http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20an
d%20frameworks/NMT_Policy_and_Strategy_Volume_1_Status_Qou_Assessment.pdf
The minimum roadway width for bus routes shall be 7.4 metres kerb-face to kerb-face.
2.4.6.1 Bus stops or bus embayments: R4-765 Dimensions must be determined according to the size of
the bus using the route and the number of busses stopping at any one time.
Where on lower order roads, space is limited or not available for a full bus embayment and the
stopping time is of short duration, a bus stop in the traffic lane may be considered. In this case, a
minimum length of 12 metres must still be reserved and marked on the road.
2.4.7 Intersections
Street layouts must be planned for maximum safety. The aim should be to minimize the number of
intersections required for any township development. Skewed intersections must be avoided and in
no case should the angle be less than 70°. Staggered intersections are not acceptable.
The provision of vehicular access close to intersections and traffic circles needs to be carefully
considered. Operational and safety considerations must warrant restrictions on access.
Land uses that generate large volumes of traffic should have access points well away from
intersections.
2.4.8 Traffic Control at Intersections

Intersections where more than 100 vehicles per hour (all movements combined) are expected need
to be analysed at design stage to establish the type of control measure to be implemented. Traffic
circles are in many cases preferred to signalised intersections because of the inherent safety and
efficiency benefits, and lower maintenance cost.
Traffic circles are also excellent traffic calming measures especially if they form part of an overall
traffic-calming plan.
Three or four way stop control at busy intersections is not acceptable, and should be avoided at
minor intersections.
2.4.9 Traffic Calming

The layout of streets must be designed in such a way that traffic calming is a natural result and the
requirement for “add-on” measures (such as speed humps) is obviated. This can be achieved by
reducing block lengths as far as possible and by avoiding unnecessary through routes. On collector
roads speed reducing measures such as traffic circles and pedestrian crossings with median
islands could form part of an inherent traffic calming strategy.
Stop or yield control may not be used for the sole purpose of traffic calming, the warrants for stop
or yield control must be met.
2.4.10 Road Widening for Recreational Purposes (“Woonerf” Concept)

In low order and pedestrian-only links in low cost housing areas, road designs should allow for road
widening at convenient locations to allow space for recreational purposes within the road reserve.
These areas can typically be in the middle of a “super block” or opposite an entry or exit point to a
Pedestrian Only Link. It typically needs to perform one or more of the following functions:
2.4.10.1 Recreational purposes (children’s play area)
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2.4.10.2 Refuse collection (wheelie bin or black bag storage space)

2.4.10.3 Turning space for vehicles
2.4.10.4 Parking space for visitors
2.4.10.5 Access for service and emergency vehicles
These areas should be large enough to have the necessary impact. Widening shall not be
less than 3 metres per road reserve side and the entire area shall be surfaced. The widened
areas may be in contrasting paving.
2.4.11 Fences
Urban streets are not provided with fences. Fences constitute and are part of the abutting land, and
remain the responsibility of the land owner and should therefore be located on private property, not
the road reserve.
Refer to the:-
City’s Gated Development Policy
Boundary Walls and Fences Policy
As at March 2017:
http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Bylaws%20and%20policies/Gated%2
0Development%20Policy%20-%20approved%20on%2028%20November%202007.pdf
As at March 2017:
http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Bylaws%20and%20policies/Boundar
y_Walls__Fences_Policy_Final.pdf
2.4.12 Guardrails
The following guideline documents should be referenced to determine the warrants and installation
details when designing roadside barriers.
Province of the Cape of Good Hope Department of Roads Geometric design Manual for the Design
of Proclaimed Roads June 1974 (Yellow Book)
South African Road Safety Manual Volume 6, Part C: Traffic Barriers
Guardrails within the road reserve for the sole purpose of protecting anything other than legitimate
road users shall not be permitted. Guardrails and other measures for the protection of private
property, if desired, must be located outside the road reserve. Guardrails shall not be provided
solely for access control purposes. It must always be borne in mind that guardrails and other
barriers next to the roadway are in themselves hazards to traffic and should only be installed when
the off road hazard is greater than the hazard posed by the barrier.
Examples where guardrails may be required:
2.4.12.1 A drop-off next to the road with a slope steeper than 1:1 and height greater than
1metre;
2.4.12.2 Large boulders, permanent bodies of water deeper than 0,6 metre next to the road
and large trees close to the roadside;
2.4.12.3 Bridge piers, abutments, balustrades and large steel sign supports;
2.4.12.4 Highway embankment ; and
2.4.12.5 At the outer edge of substandard curves, or wherever vehicles often leave the road,
and where the hazard to the occupants of the vehicle leaving the road is greater
than that of the guardrail.
On narrow medians:
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2.4.12.6 Guardrails should not be used where they will be struck head on or at an angle of
more than 45 to perpendicular. Guardrail systems are designed to take a glancing
blow only.
2.4.12.7 The minimum length of guard railing is 30 metres.
End treatment:
2.4.12.8 Bullnose end pieces must be used.

2.4.12.9 End wings or dipped ends must not be used.
2.4.12.10 The guardrail must be installed at the prescribed height;
2.4.12.11 Anchoring section: At the ends of guardrail system the first and the last 3 lengths of a
rail shall be supported by posts at half spacing;
2.4.12.12 Spacer blocks between the post and guardrail must never be omitted;
2.4.12.13 Guardrails must be lapped in such a manner that the end of the approach rail overlaps
subsequent guardrails to avoid snagging upon impact;
2.4.12.14 The guardrail must be provided with all its bolts including all the shear bolts;
2.4.12.15 Guardrails posts must be replaced where they have become rotten or structurally
unsound;
2.4.12.16 Reflectors must be placed on at least every third rail;
2.4.12.17 Interruptions in continuity should only be introduced if unavoidable. Wherever possible
such interruptions shall be so designed to make it impossible for a vehicle to hit the
start of a section end-on. Where interruptions are introduced no section should be less
than 30 metres in length; and
2.4.12.18 The use of guardrail one above the other must be designed. Normal guardrail poles are
not strong enough to resist the additional moment on impact and this practice is
therefore not recommended, unless properly designed
2.4.13 Bollards
The use of bollards to control vehicular movement is not supported.
Bollards are an impediment to pedestrians and cyclists when struck by motor vehicles they may
become projectile.
2.4.14 Street Name Signs

Street name signs can be either on pole-mounted nameplates, embossed on kerbs; block lettering
painted on a white background on verge mounted precast units (the preferred option in theft risk
areas). In each case, the detail as shown on the standard drawing must be used. Exceptions will
only be allowed in special cases, at the discretion of the D: AM&M. Free standing street name
kerbs are not favoured, but where these are unavoidable, they should be situated against the road
reserve boundary.
Street names shall comply with the City’s Street Naming and Numbering Revised Policy (Revised
and approved by Council June 2014)
As at March 2017:
http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Bylaws%20and%20policies/Street%2
0Naming%20and%20Numbering%20Policy%20-
%20(Policy%20number%2021288)%20approved%20on%2025%20June%202014.pdf
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2.5 Cross Section Requirements

Refer to UTG appropriate to the class of road. E.g. UTG 1, UTG 5 or UTG 7
Recommended minimum lane widths are given in the tables below for the different classes of
roadways:
2.5.1 Class 3 - Distributor
*Direct property access is not recommended.
Table 2—2: Cross Section requirements for a Class 3, District Distributor
Description Specification
1. Road Reserve width 40 meters

2. Roadway width (excl. channel) 2 x 3.7 m lanes per direction with 5.0 m median
3. Parking Arrangement 1 x 2.5 m lane / direction / combination parking // Cycle lane
4. Verge width 7.6 m
5. Kerb type BK2 / BK4
6. Cross fall / Camber Cross fall per carriageway
Table 2—3: Cross Section requirements for a Class 4, Local Distributor
1. Road Reserve width 20 meters 18 meters
2. Roadway width (excl. channel) 2 x 3.4 m lanes 2 x 3.4 m lanes

2 x 2.5 m Combination 2 x 2.5 m Combination
3. Parking Arrangement
Parking / Cycle lane Parking / Cycle lane
4. Verge width 3.8 m 2.8 m
5. Kerb Type BK2 BK2 #
6. Cross Fall / Camber Camber Camber

Minimum Erf splay dimensions at
7. 5mx5m 5mx5m
intersections
for areas with narrow erf frontages <10 metres, MK10 kerbs with C1 channel or CK5 combination kerb and
channel sets may be used.
Table 2—4: Cross Section requirements for a Class 5, Residential Access Roads
1. Road Reserve width 12 meters 10 meters 8 meters
2. Roadway width (excl. channel) 5.5 m 5.5 m 4.5 m

2.95 m (0.3 m 1.95 m (0.3 m 1.60 m (0.3 m
channel) channel) channel)
3. Verge width
3.05 m (0.2 m 2.05 m (0.2 m 1.70 m (0.2 m
channel) channel) channel)
4. Kerb Type / Erf Frontage ≥ 10 m BK2 / C1 BK2 / C1 BK2 / C1
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5. Kerb Type / Erf Frontage < 10 m CK5 CK5 CK5
6. Cross Fall / Camber Camber Camber Camber

Minimum Erf splay dimensions at
7. 5 m x 5m 5mx5m 5 m x 5m
intersections
**
Barrier kerbs must be used on all curves at intersections. BK 2 or BK 4
Table 2—5: Cross Section requirements for a Class 5, Residential Access Roads
Pedestrian Link / NMT Facility
1. Road Reserve Width 6m
2. Roadway Width (surfaced) 3.0 m
3. Verge Width 2 x 1.5 m
4. Maximum Length 50 m
5. Kerb Type CK5 / E1 or E1 both sides
6 Camber / Cross-fall Cross-fall
2.5.4.7 Limited vehicular ownership

2.5.4.8 Restricted vehicular access
2.5.4.9 No kerbed entrance (bell mouth) from adjoining roadways - roadways and pedestrian links to
be separated by kerbs
2.5.4.10 To be accessible for emergency and service vehicles
2.5.4.11 No through traffic allowed
2.5.4.12 Ensure multi-directional pedestrian circulation
2.5.4.13 No turning area necessary
2.5.4.14 Allow widening for recreational purposes (Woonerf Concept)
2.6 Vertical Clearance
Extract from the Government Gazette, 2000-03-17
“Overall height of vehicle and load
2.2.4 No person shall operate an a public road a motor vehicle together with any load thereon,the overall
height of which:-
(a) In the case of a double decked bus exceeds four comma six five metres; and
(b) In the case of any other motor vehicle exceeds four comma three metres.”
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CURRENT BRIDGE CLEARANCE PRACTICE
1. The South African Roads Agency Limited (SANRAL) adopts the following policy:
New Structures (Previous Policy):

Road Bridges over freeways 5.20 metres minimum vertical clearance
Other road bridges 5.10 metres “ “ “
Footbridges 5.60 metres “ “ “
Construction (temporary) 4.60 metres “ “ “
New Structures (New Policy- 2002 Code):

Road Bridges over freeways 5.20 metres minimum vertical clearance
Road Bridges with precast beams 5.60 metres “ “ “
Footbridges / Agr Underpass 5.90 metres “ “ “
Services bridges 5.90 metres “ “ “
(If no additional overlay) 5.60 metres “ “ “
Existing Structures
Absolute Minimum Vertical Clearance 4.90 metres “ “ “
The Geometric Design of Urban Arterial Roads Manual (UTG 1) of 1986,

States:
UTG 1 (1986) states that the standard minimum vertical clearance from any point in a roadway to
an overhead structure shall be 5.1 metres. Furthermore, if the structure is light, such as a
pedestrian overpass, then the vertical clearance required shall be 5.5 metres or more. It is also
recommended future overlays be taken into account when determining clearances.
3. ROAD DESIGN
3.1 General
This section of the guidelines covers primarily local streets up to Class 3 roads. TDA Director: Built
Environment Management shall be consulted for the geometric design of higher order roads.
CSIR, (2000) Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design, Volume 1. Pretoria: CSIR,
280 (Also known as the Red Book) Chapter 7: Geometric Design and Layout Planning, provides a
detailed coverage of the geometric design for roads. Other documents in the Bibliography can be
referred to for items not covered in the Red Book.
The basic elements of geometric design for traffic circles is found in Chapter 6 of ‘Roundabouts: An
Informational Guide’, published by the Turner Fairbank Highway Research Centre. (This reference
document will require adaptation for South African use).
3.2 Road Design

3.2.1 At Grade Intersections
The following basic criteria for intersections shall apply:
3.2.1.1 Roads should intersect at 90°. Skewed intersections must be avoided and in no case shall
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the angle of intersection be less than 70°.

3.2.1.2 Intersections shall preferably not be positioned in or near horizontal curves of small radii, on
the inside of any horizontal curves nor on or close to sharp crests. Safe horizontal and
vertical sight distance shall be the deciding criteria
3.2.1.3 The maximum grade for approach legs to an intersection is 5%, for a minimum distance of 20
metres from the edge of the intersection. Normally the grade of the major road should be
carried through. Cross-falls at intersections should not exceed 5%.
3.2.1.4 All turning movements shall be checked for compliance with the swept path of the design
vehicle applicable to the intersection.
3.2.1.5 Where mountable kerbs are used barrier kerbs must be used on all radii and 2 metres
beyond tangent points.
3.2.1.6 For radii less than 20 metres, short (300 millimetres) kerbs shall be used.
3.2.1.7 The minimum distance between intersections shall be as guided in the Guidelines for Human
Settlement Planning and Design, provided that it complies with the design speed of the road.
3.2.2 Curve Radii

Minimum curve radii shall preferably be as follows:
Table 3—1: Minimum Bellmouth Radii and Horizontal Curve Radii

Bellmouth Horizontal inside
Radii (m) Curve Radii (m)
Mixed (higher order) Link (Class 3District
1 12-14 350
Distributor)
Mixed (middle order) Link (Class 4, Local
2 10 - 12 80
Distributor)
Mixed (lower order) Link (Class 5, Access
3 8 - 10 50
Collector)
Mixed (lower order) Link (Class 5, Access
4 6 -8 35
Street)
Where concentric curves are designed, curve widening must be considered.
3.2.3 Traffic Circles

Refer to standard drawing- (#)
Table 3—2: Traffic Circle Types and Classifications
Inscribed
Design
Design Vehicle Circle
Type or Use Speed
Red Book Table7.2 Diameter(I
(km/h)
CD)(m)
Mini Circle
1. Single unit truck (SU) 25 13 – 25
Mixed (middle order) Link Class 4
Urban Compact
2. SU and BUS 30 25 – 30
Mixed (middle order) Link Class 4
Urban Single Lane
3. Semi–trailer (WB15) 35 30 – 40
Mixed (higher order) Link Class 3
Urban Double Lane
4. Semi–trailer (WB15) 35 45 – 55
Mixed (higher order) Link Class 3
Every circle must be individually designed for site specific and traffic conditions. In order to create
some uniformity within the City, the following is prescribed: See standard drawing for kerb detail.
3.2.3.1 The kerbing used on the perimeter of circle shall generally be Barrier Kerbs (BK2
or BK4). For Mini Circle on Lower Order Links the kerb type may match the
kerbing used on the major approaching road.
3.2.3.2 The physical layout and size of the central island will determine the amount of
deflection that is imposed on the through vehicle. A mountable apron may have
to be added to achieve the desired deflection in order to reduce vehicular speed.
3.2.3.3 Barrier kerbs (BK2 or BK4) to be used for splitter islands. Where splitter islands
are small and where no pedestrian crossings are envisaged, Semi Mountable
Kerbs (MK2 or MK10) may be considered.
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3.2.3.4 The minimum width for splitter islands at pedestrian crossing points shall be 1.2
metres, set back at least one vehicle length (6.0 metres) from the entrance line
with provision for dropped kerbs for wheelchairs and push chair. SANS 784 shall
be used to determine the need for tactile paving.
3.2.3.5 Central islands which vehicles are not supposed to traverse shall have semi
mountable kerbs (MK2).
3.2.3.6 Where an apron is required a special mountable kerb (MK5)? shall separate the
apron from the circulatory roadway with a height difference of approximately 75
millimetres
3.2.3.7 Central and splitter islands shall have paved surfaces and kerbs painted matt
black and retro reflective white alternately to clearly distinguish the islands from
the roadway.
3.2.4 Minimum cross-fall

A cross-fall of 2.5% shall apply to all cambered and cross-fall roads.
4. ROAD VERGES
4.1 General
TRH 27 South African Manual for Permitting Services in Road Reserves - Version 1 0 Aug
2012.pdf TRH 27 (2012) has reference.
The verge needs to perform a number of functions including:
4.1.1 Providing space for both below and above ground services.
4.1.2 Providing space for street furniture items, such as bus shelters etc.
4.1.3 Provide for the safe movement of pedestrians, wheelchairs and cyclists where
applicable.
4.1.4 Provide for off-street parking where required.
4.1.5 Provide for adequate sight distance around curves and at intersections.
4.1.6 Provide space for landscaping approved by TCT Director Asset Management &
Maintenance
4.1.7 Provide additional capacity for overland stormwater drainage in the road prism.
Criteria
4.1.8 The verge width should therefore be sufficient to incorporate the above functions, min 1, 5 metres
wide.
4.1.9 In low cost housing verges must be fully surfaced to appropriate standard, regardless of kerb type.
4.1.10 Where mountable kerbs are used, verges must be fully surfaced to appropriate standards. All
mountable kerb installations shall require a minimum of 1-metre lateral support surfaced layerworks
4.1.11 Loose / unbound stones (of any size) on verges and islands shall not be allowed.
Relevant Codes of Practice, Policy and Guidelines

1. South African Road Traffic Signs Manual
2. Department of Transport’s Pedestrian and Bicycle Facility Guidelines,2003
3. Department of Transport’s NMT Facility Guidelines,2014.
4.
CCT: Integrated Transport Plan

AnnexureK_IntegratedTransport_Plan_Revised.pdf
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4.2 Verge Cross Section

Factors that determine the verge cross section are:
4.2.1 A cross-fall of 3% towards the kerb is required for surface drainage.

4.2.2 The verge cross fall shall not exceed 17%, unless suitably designed measures (retaining
structures, landscaping, surface hardening) are taken to ensure the stability and
functionality of the verge.
4.2.3 The back of footway level i.e., the level at the boundary shall be sufficiently higher than the
top of kerb to ensure that’s the overland stormwater flow stays within the road prism, i.e.
110 millimetres above the road edge plus 3% fall over the verge width to a maximum of 150
millimetres, in the case of a BK2 kerb or a 160 millimetre in the case of a BK4 kerb. Please
note the BK2 is the default kerb for all residential locations, while the BK4 is the default for
median islands and industrial areas.
4.2.4 A minimum width of 1.5 metres wide is required immediately adjacent to the kerb with a
maximum cross fall of 3% towards the kerb to allow:
4.3.4.1 for pedestrian refuge.
4.3.4.2 for roadsigns
4.3.4.3 for street lighting poles.
4.3 Underground Service Position

4.3.1 Stormwater Drainage
Stormwater pipelines must be located underneath the roadway. In exceptional circumstances
where permission is granted by the road authority, pipes may be placed in the verge on the high
side of the road. The reservation width for the pipe is calculated from the lines of influence drawn at
45° from the invert of the pipe to the surface. For deep pipes and poor ground conditions, this may
be increased.
4.3.2 Sewer Drainage (For Water Services specifications refer to Water and Sanitation website.)
Sewer pipes should preferably be located under the centre line of the roadway, or slightly offset on
cambered roads. In steep sloping terrain where properties on the lower side are not connected to
this sewer, sewer-lines may be located on the high side of the road reserve, permitting relatively
short connections. The reservation width is for the pipe is calculated from the lines of influence
drawn at 45° from the invert of the pipe to the surface. For deep pipes and poor ground conditions,
this may be increased.
4.3.3 Water Mains (For Water Services specifications refer to Water and Sanitation website.)
Water mains should be located in the verge on the high side of the reserve to ensure that in the
event of a burst water main flooding of properties on the lower side is minimized. If for any practical
reason this is not possible, the water main may, with permission from the road authority, be located
in the roadway 1000 millimetres from the kerb line. The minimum reservation width is 700
millimetres, or the pipe diameter plus 600 millimetres for pipes up to 300 millimetres in diameter.
Water mains should preferably not be located underneath roadways or below surfaced footways to
ensure easy access for maintenance water connections and disconnections, as well as the asset
management of the roadway.
4.3.4 Electricity and Telecommunication Services (Refer to Minimum Standards for the installation
of Telecommunication Services in Road Reserves.)
General Requirements
It is generally preferred that Electrical and Telecommunication Services be installed on opposite
sides of the road reserve, especially in the case of high voltage electrical cables. The minimum
reservation width is 1000 millimetres for both services with a clearance from the property boundary
of 400 millimetres for Telecommunication cables and a minimum of 500 millimetres for Electrical
services.
Overhead Telecommunication and Electrical poles shall generally be located as close as possible
to the property boundary with a minimum clearance of 300 millimetres.
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Manholes
All telecommunication and electrical manholes, whether these are in the roadway or not, must be
designed to with stand traffic loading and they must have a chimney of at least 300 millimetres
between the manhole lid and the top of the roof slab. For the specification of Telkom manholes
refer to the Red Book. A 300 millimetres chimney allows some flexibility should an adjustment or
widening be needed to the road levels. It also provides for reasonable layer works over the roof
slab and minimises the likelihood of reflective cracking caused by differential settlement. For
Stormwater details see section 10.4.3
4.3.5 Subsurface Drains

Subsurface drains, where required, should preferably be installed both sides of the road reserve
directly behind the kerb line. Refer to drawing R4-780/ sht 1 Subsurface Drains.
4.3.6 Curved Road Reserves

Services along curved alignments, particularly those which need to be laid in a series of straights
(Sewer and Stormwater lines), may require additional space and the road reserve should be
widened where necessary.
4.3.7 Reinstatement of Trenches in Road Positions

Refer to latest version of Specification for the Reinstatement of Trenches in Road Reserves
See also COCT Trench Reinstatement Specification.
4.4 Above Ground Service Reservations

Consideration must be given to pedestrians with disabilities when placing above ground services
and desire lines must not be compromised.
Electrical Plant and Street Lighting

Where street lighting is mounted on separate poles the minimum clear space between the pole and
roadway shall be as follows:
Table 4—1: Roadway clearance for Street Lighting Poles (measured from kerb face to face of pole)
1. Barrier Kerb BK2 and BK4 Next to parking bay or shoulder 0.5m
2. Barrier Kerb BK2 and BK4 Next to Traffic Lane 2.0m
At back of
3. Mountable Kerb CK5 and MK10 Next to parking bay footway
At back of
4. Mountable Kerb CK5 and MK10 Next to Traffic Lane footway
Streetlights, power poles, substations and electrical kiosks should be placed clear of future
driveways, and preferably opposite common erf boundaries and clear of the shoulder site distance
triangle at intersections and T-Junctions.
Landscaping in Road Reserves

In township layouts where the planting of large trees along roads form part of the development a
reservation width of at least 1200 millimetres should be allowed.
It is generally accepted that the care and maintenance of the verge surfaces be carried out by the
adjacent landowners. Trees and shrubs that obstruct sight lines may be removed or trimmed by
the City.
Refer to the City’s Guidelines for Designing or Approving Hard and Soft Landscaping in the Urban
Road Reserve, 2004. Refer to the City’s latest version of Guidelines Landscaping Revised
Attention is drawn to the City’s latest Tree Management Policy which, inter alia, regulates the
planting of trees in road reserves, and provides guidance with respect to positioning of trees in
relation to utility services.
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5. PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLE WAYS
5.1 Non-motorised Transport

Pedestrian and cycle facilities should form part of any new development.
Refer to:-
The Department of Transport’s Pedestrian and Bicycle Facility Guidelines
Found on juca.org.za website
Department of Transport’s NMT Facility Guidelines,2014
Surfaced footways must be provided on at least side one of every road. Where pedestrian traffic is
expected to be high, priority must be given e.g. at places of worship, schools, public amenities,
commercial areas, and along public transport routes. Where mountable kerbs are specified,
footways must be provided abutting the mountable kerbs.
Appropriate pedestrian crossing points at schools, community amenities, opposite expected

pathways, at busy intersections and at places of attraction need to form part of any development
proposal. These crossings together with other measures such as traffic circles should form part of a
built-in traffic calming strategy.
A satisfactory level of service should be provided that includes users with disabilities and those with
limited mobility. Universal accessibility in the built environment must become a priority.
The provision of these facilities should be such that it encourages the use of these modes of
transport.
5.2 Pedestrian and Cycle Way Design

5.2.1 Footway and Cycle Lane Widths
Also, refer to CCT’s footways implementation policy – Version 2008-03-07. Universal Access Policy
For Transport and Urban Development Authority (Policy Number17958) see www.capetown.gov.za
The minimum width for surfaced pedestrian paths and cycle lanes shall be as follows:
Table 5—1: Prescribed Footway and Cycle Lane Width
Minimum Width
Road Type Usage
(m)
Anticipated Volume
High Low
1. Mixed (lower order) Link Class 5 Pedestrian 2.0 1.5
2. Mixed (middle order) Link Class 4 Pedestrian 2.0 1.8
3. Mixed (middle order) Link Class 4 Pedestrian/Cyclists 3.0 2.5
4. Mixed (higher order) Link Class 3 Pedestrian 2.5 2.0
5. Mixed (higher order) Link Class 3 Pedestrian/Cyclists 3.0 2.5
5.2.2 Designers should note the safety and operational issues that arise where pedestrians and
cycling routes cross certain types of intersections or roadways.
5.2.3 At major signalised intersections, footpaths and cycle ways should preferably be combined
to one crossing point with special pedestrian and cycle phases provided for.
5.2.4 Where a constructed footway intersects with a kerb, the kerb must be dipped in accordance
with drawing: Typical Pedestrian crossing detail currently R4-764 (i.e. zero kerb face)
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5.2.5 Provision must be made for pedestrian and cycle crossing points in the splitter islands at
traffic circles.
5.2.6 On-road cycling at multi-lane traffic circles must be carefully designed.
5.2.7 Where a pedestrian crossing is provided with a median island, for refuge and traffic calming
purposes, the width of the island shall be at least 2 metres and barrier kerbed all round with
channels where required. The median island (kerbed section) shall be at least 30 metres
long with the appropriate signage, painted tapers and barrier lines on either side to prevent
vehicles from overtaking on the wrong side of the road.
5.2.8 Tactile Ground Surface indicators
5.2.8.1 Refer to SANS 784
6. CARRIAGEWAY CROSSINGS (CWC)
Details and Standard Vehicular and Pedestrian Access Crossing-R4-776
Carriageway Crossings must be constructed where vehicles are crossing over the footway or verge
in order to enter private property from a road.
In designing carriageway crossings, the primary consideration must be the safety of all users,
especially pedestrians and cyclists on pathways and traffic on the road from which access is
gained.
A carriageway crossing is an encroachment of vehicular traffic across a pedestrian right of way,

and not the other way around, and the design thereof should convey this principle.
Carriageway crossings using kerb returns must be avoided because kerb returns implies vehicular
right of way, which is not the case across a pedestrian right of way.
Carriageway crossings must be constructed wherever access to a private dwelling, parking area,
access to parking garages etc. cross pedestrian right of way i.e. footways or any NMT facilities.
Kerb return type accesses must be reserved only for public roads where the vehicle has the right of
way and pedestrians must be alerted by virtue of the presence of a kerb across the footway.
6.1 Carriageway Crossing Design (add drawing number)

Carriageway crossings should be designed to allow vehicles to enter the site by turning at slow
speed from the traffic lane nearest to the site without intruding into other traffic lanes, especially on
higher order roads. Where two-way traffic is expected, the driveway should be of sufficient width to
allow two vehicles to pass to avoid queueing on public roads. Refer to CCT’s Specifications for the
Construction of Vehicular, Pedestrian and Wheelchair Access Crossing and Access Ramps
Carriageway Crossing Guideline & Spec Nov 2003.doc.
High volume carriageway crossings, especially where access is controlled via gatehouses, booms
etc. (generally all except those serving single residential properties) shall be designed with
sufficient stacking length to avoid queuing in the public street. This will entail the access control
being set back on the property.
Carriageway crossings should be designed for the most common vehicle that will be using them.
Table 6.2.1 can be used as a guide.
Materials to comply with chapter 8.
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TYPE OF BITUMINOUS PREMIX CLAY BRICK ,CONCRETE

SURFACE (ASPHALT) BLOCK, CONCRETE.
TYPE OF CROSSING CARRIAGEWAY CARRIAGEWAY
PEDESTRIAN PEDESTRIAN
DUTY OF CROSSING LIGHT HEAVY EXTRA HEAVY LIGHT HEAVY EXTRA HEAVY
Warehouse,
Warehouse, Flats,
Flats, Single Factory, Loading
Single Factory, Pedestrian only Church,
USAGE OF CROSSING Pedestrian only Worship, residential area, Service
residential Loading area, School, etc.
School, etc. Station
Service Station
Brick stretcher on edge 250 x 100mm Brick stretcher on edge 250 x 100 mm
TYPE OF EDGING or 150 x 75 mm precast concrete (side precast concrete or 150 x 75 mm precast concrete (side precast concrete
and boundary edging) E1 E3 and boundary edging) E3
Premix 30 mm 30 mm 40 mm 50 mm
Bricks n/a n/a n/a n/a 73 mm 73 mm 73 mm 73 mm
THICKNESS OF
Blocks n/a n/a n/a n/a 80 mm 80 mm 80 mm 80 mm
Concrete n/a n/a n/a n/a 200 mm 200 mm
SAND BED THICKNESS

(Uncompacted) n/a nil nil nil 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm
THICKNESS OF
250mm
GRANULER BASE
(G5) * (two 125 mm 100 mm
COMPACTED
(G3)* 75 mm 100 mm 150 mm layers) 75 mm 75 mm 200 mm
OVERALL DEPTH
OF COMPACTED Premix 100 mm 125 mm 190 mm 300 mm
LAYERS AND OF
Bricks 100 mm n/a n/a n/a 175 mm 175 mm 200 mm 300 mm
EXCAVATION
Blocks 100 mm n/a n/a n/a 180 mm 180 mm 205 mm 305 mm
ADDITIONAL SAND LAYER WHERE CLAY

MATERIAL IS ENCOUNTERED
0 mm 150 mm +300 mm +300 mm
Preferably enclosed in a geofabric sock
0 mm 150 mm +300 mm +300 mm
Subgrade 93%** 93%** 93%** 95%** 93%** 93%** 93%** 95%**
(Mod.AASHTO) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Sandfill 95% 95% 95% 95% 95% 95%
(Mod.AASHTO) 98% 98%
COMPACTION OF Subbase 95% 95% 95% 95% 95% 95% 95% 95%
PAVEMENT (Mod.AASHTO)
LAYERS Base (Mod.AASHTO)
BTB layer
(Rice) 92% 92%
Bituminous Premix
(Rice) >40mm 92% 92% 92%
* The standard for Subbase (G5) and Base (G3) shall be in accordance with the Technical Recommendations for Highways – TRH 14.** 100% for sand.
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6.2 Relevant Codes of Practice, Policy and Guidelines

6.3.1 CCT: TR&S: Specification 01: Construction of Vehicular, Pedestrian and Wheelchair Access
Crossings and Access Ramps.
6.3.2 City of Cape Town Development Management Scheme.
6.3.3 UTG 5: Geometric Design of Urban Collector Roads
6.3.4 UTG 7: Geometric design of Local Residential Streets.
6.3.5 UTG 10: Guidelines for the Geometric Design of Commercial and Industrial Local Streets
6.3.6 Road Access Guidelines (Second Edition – May 2001)
6.3.7 National Building Regulations
6.3.8 Universal Access Policy for Transport and Urban Development Authority (Policy Number
17958)
6.3 Design Parameters

In the absence of a surfaced footway, the verge and driveway must still accommodate pedestrian
refuge and perform a drainage function. Design considerations are as follows: R4-776
6.4.1 Where the standard cannot be achieved across the full width, a minimum width of 1.5 metres
is required immediately adjacent to the kerb with a maximum cross slope of 3% towards the
kerb to allow (i) the safe passage of pedestrians and cyclists, (ii) to allow wheel bin placement
and (iii) to allow driveway access without vehicles scraping.
6.4.2 Ramps across drainage channels are not allowed.
6.4.3 A cross slope of not less than 1, 5% is required for surface drainage.
6.4.4 Surfaces must be skid resistant, even when wet.
6.4.5 Neither the grade between the carriageway crossings and the road nor the grade between
the carriage way crossing and the private driveway may exceed 17%. ( adherence to this will
ensure that normal vehicles will not experience scraping when using CWC’s)
6.4.6 The back of footway level is to be sufficiently higher that the top of kerb to ensure that during
the course of high intensity rainfall that the Stormwater remains within the road prism and
does not flood private property. ( Refer to paragraph 4.3.3)
6.4.7 In determining gradients for a driveway, designers must apply the clearances of a typical
South African Vehicle to the longitudinal section in order to avoid scraping.
6.4.8 Distance from nearest intersection must comply with the relevant Town Planning Scheme
6.4.9 Access restrictions on certain classes or sections of road must apply.
6.4.10 When designing carriageway crossings at the least the minimum sight distance must be
achieved.
7. PARKING
7.1 General
This section covers some basic parking layout design guidelines.
For new commercial developments, parking shall be provided in terms of the Development
Management Scheme.
Parking areas shall have a pavement structure for a class UD road as specified in Section 8 of this
document. Areas which are also used by heavy vehicles (loading areas) shall have a pavement
structure for a class UC (Major Bus Route) road. See table 8.3.2.
7.2 Relevant Codes of Practice, Policies and Guidelines

7.2.1 City of Cape Town: Development Management Scheme
7.2.2 Parking Standards – Department of Transport
7.2.3 Land Use – Development Management
7.3 Parking Dimensions

7.3.1 Angled Parking
The recommended dimensions for angled parking layouts are indicated in the table below. Also
refer to drawing R3 - 2078
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Table 7—1: Dimensions for parking angled layouts.
Parking
Width Length
Angle Ideal
(m) (m)
(ø)
1. 90° 2.5 5.0 7.2
5.4 Two
Way
2. 60° 2.5 5.8
4.4 One
Way
5.2 Two
Way
3. 45° 2.5 6.9
4.2 One
Way
4. Parallel 2.5 6.0 3.5
7.3.2 Parallel Parking

For parallel parking the dimensions as given in the standard drawing R3-2078
7.4 Parking Areas

7.4.1 Parking Layout
The parking layout recommended is 90° bays with two-way movement in aisles. Parking layouts
must be such that all bays can be entered or exited without difficulty. To achieve this additional
clear space beyond end bays may be required to allow turning movements.
Kerbs in parking areas should never be higher than 150 millimetres. The use of bollards in parking
areas should be avoided. Parking bays must never be allowed to abut vertical structures such as
walls etc. A minimum 1.5-metre surfaced footway must be provided between the parking bay and
structure.
7.4.2 Safety
Car parks should be designed to provide a safe environment for all its users. The layout must
minimize vehicular and pedestrian conflicts. Careful consideration shall be given to the placement
of poles, trees, and columns. Safe pedestrian pathways must be provided along pedestrian desire
lines. Adequate lighting must be provided. Vertical clearances shall be adequate for pedestrians
and cyclists. To avoid sight distance restrictions, careful consideration must be given to the location
of street furniture.
SANS 10400-S: 2011, the application of the National Building Regulations, Part S:
Facilities for persons with disabilities
Adequate parking provisions, near entrances must be made for person with disabilities. Such
parking bays shall be provided with 1.5 metres minimum width access aisle between vehicles to
allow easy wheelchair access between parked vehicles, Kerbs at these aisles shall be dipped.
Special dimensions see SANS 10400-S: 2011 for persons with disabilities.
Parking bays for persons with disabilities shall be clearly marked as prescribed by the South
African Roads Traffic Signs Manual , 3rd Edition, Volume 2,Road Traffic Signs Applications.
Digitised Version, May 2015. Pages 14.5.2.
7.4.3 Landscape Elements

Landscaping is an important element of a car park. A well-designed car park, shaded by trees,
screened by hedges, shrubs or grassed mounds provides relief from the expanses of a featureless
paved area.
The following design principles should be adopted:
7.4.4.1 All planting areas shall be contained within kerbs;
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7.4.4.2 Choose appropriate ground surfaces for open areas and around trees. These could include
mulch, natural gravel, porous paving, groundcover plants and grass. Grassed surface areas
should however not be steeper than 1:4. Loose stone beds are not permissible as a
surfacing medium.
7.4.4.3 Pedestrian routes need to be carefully planned, e.g. make provision for paths through
garden beds etc. Vertical clearance of at least 2, 2 metres (2,5 metres preferred) over the
entire width of all pedestrian ways, and preferably over all areas accessible to pedestrians,
is required.
7.4.4.4 The layout of street lighting and street planting must be co-ordinated to avoid dark areas.
7.4.4.5 Shrubs or trees must not be planted closer than 0.8 metres from a kerb in order to avoid
damage from overhanging vehicles.
7.4.4.6 Appropriate shrubs and trees must be selected in order to reduce maintenance and
irrigation.
7.4.4.7 The use of brick / block / concrete / exposed aggregate concrete paved areas in parking
areas helps to make parking areas aesthetically pleasing.
As at March 2017:
Refer to “Guidelines for Designing or Approving Hard and Soft Landscaping in the Urban Road
Reserve: Requirements from Transport Roads & Stormwater”, Director: Roads &Stormwater,
January 2005. Guidelines Landscaping revised Jan 2005.pdf
Attention is drawn to the City’s Tree Management Policy (Policy Number 34933) which, inter alia,
regulates the planting of trees in road reserves, and provides guidance with respect to positioning
of trees in relation to utility services.
As at March 2017
http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Bylaws%20and%20policie
s/Tree%20%20Management%20Policy%20-
%20(Policy%20number%2034933)%20approved%20on%2025%20March%202015.pdf
8. PAVEMENT DESIGN
8.1 General
Pavement design is a process of selecting appropriate pavement and surfacing layers to ensure
that the pavement will carry the traffic for the structural design period, at an acceptable level of
service without any major structural distress.
Designers should base their design on a life cycle strategy comprising of high initial standards
followed by very low or minimal maintenance needs over the analysis period.
In areas where mole or mole-rat activity is evident, and where open, unhardened space along a
road is going to be a permanent or semi-permanent feature, the installation of mole barriers will be
required to protect the road pavement layers. Materials used for mole barriers must be
environmentally acceptable. Mole barriers shall be placed in such a way that there is no gap
between these and the road pavement structure. See standard drawing R4-778.
In areas where a high water table exists, especially during the rainy season, sufficient subsurface
drainage must be provided to protect the pavement layers against ingress of water.

1) Red Book – Guidelines for Human Settlement, Planning and Design.
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2) TRH 4 – Structural Design of Flexible Pavements for Inter-urban and Rural Roads.
3) TRH 14 – Guidelines for Road Construction Materials
4) SABS 1200 M:1996 – Roads (general)
5) SABS 1200 ME:1981 – Subbase
6) SABS 1200 MF:1981 – Base
7) SABS 1200 MFL:1996 – Base (Light Pavement Structures)
8) SABS 1200 MH:1996 – Asphalt Base and Surfacing
9) SABS 1200 MJ:1984 – Segmented Paving
10) COLTO 1998 Edition
8.3 Pavement Design

8.3.1 Level of Service
The level of service should be related to the function of the street. A higher order, or more
important road, should have a higher level of service. Its physical properties and standards should
be higher with a reduced risk of failure. Therefor it is inevitable that every road pavement has to be
designed according to conditions applicable.
For all formal roads within the City of Cape Town a basic minimum level of service (LOS) of 5 as
per Table 8.2 of the Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design is required, unless
such roadways forms part of interim measures where only rudimentary services are provided.
Formal roadways with open lined storm water channels are generally not acceptable because of
the windblown sand and litter problems.
8.3.2 Minimum Pavement Design Guidelines

Where possible, designers must base their design on the estimated equivalent E80s over the
design period. A minimum catalogue standard as given in Table 7.3.2 at the end of this section
shall apply for categories UB, UC and UD roads as defined in chapter 8 of the Guidelines for
Human Settlement Planning and Design Table 8.1.
The structural design periods for all road categories shall be 20 years.
As a guideline pavement layers shall comply with the minimum standards:
Table 8—1: Minimum Standard for Pavement Layers.
Road Category Surfacing Pavement Layers

150mm G2 Basecourse / 80
mm BTB
40mm medium
UB (District Distributor) 150mm C4 Cemented
1. continuously graded
Class 3 Subbase
Asphalt
150mm G7 Subgrade
150mm G9 Subgrade
150mm G3 Basecourse /
80mm BTB
40mm medium
UC (Major bus route) 150mm C4 Cemented
Class 4 Subbase / 225mm G3
Asphalt
150mm G7 Subgrade
150mm G9 Subgrade
150mm G4 Basecourse /
80mm BTB
40mm medium
UC (Minor bus route) 150mm G5 Subbase / 150
Class 4 mm G3
Asphalt
150mm G7 Subgrade
150mm G9 Subgrade
30mm Medium 150mm G4 Basecourse?
UD (Access Street)
4. continuously graded Discuss with Mark
Class 5
asphalt 150mm G7 Subgrade
80mm Interlocking 150mm C4 Cemented
UD (Access Street)
5. Concrete Paver or 73 Subbase
Class 5
mm Clay Paver 150mm G7 Subgrade
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UD (Access Street) 100mm C3 Subbase

6. 150mm Concrete
Class 5 In-situ G9
Pedestrian Only Links
125mm G4 Basecourse
7. Class 5 30mm Footway Mix
150mm G7 Subgrade
Sidewalks and Cycle 100mm G5 Basecourse
8. 30mm Footway Mix
Ways 150mm G7 Subgrade
30mm medium
150mm C4 Cemented
continuously graded
9. Parking areas Subbase
Asphalt/ 80mm
150mm G7 Subgrade
interlocking pavers
Parking areas: Loading 100mm C3 Subbase
10. 200mm concrete
areas In-situ G9
8.3.3 Subgrade bearing capacity

The bearing capacity and quality of the in situ subgrade or fill material is very important in the
selection of the appropriate pavement layers. Designers should conduct a proper soil survey to
determine the in situ CBR within the material depth specified in TRH 4. See table for typical
material depths. The classification of the subgrade material shall be based on the soaked California
Bearing Ratio (CBR) at 93 % of Mod. AASHTO max. Density (100% for sand)
Table 8—2: Typical Material depths to be used for determining the designing CBR of the in-situ
subgrade
Road Category Material Depth (mm)*

A 1000-2000
B 800-1000
C 800
D 700
(THR 4, 1996)
8.3.4 Compaction Densities and Material Specifications
Pavement layers and material shall comply with the following:
Table 8—3: Pavement Material Specifications
Min CBR
Material Max Min Grading SABS-
Layer Class at Spec
Type PI Compaction 1200M
Density
G2 Crushed 80 6 85% BRD Tbl 8, Column 2
G3 stone 80 6 98% Mod Tbl 8, Column 3
G4 Crushed 80 6 AASHTO Tbl 8, Column 4
1. Basecourse
stone 98% Mod
Crushed AASHTO
stone
Crushed 95% Mod
2. Subbase G5 45 6 None specified
stone AASHTO
93% Mod
Selected In-situ or
AASHTO or None specified
3. layer (upper G7 Imported 15 12
100% for
300mm) sand
sand
Surfaced Crushed 45 6 95% Mod None specified
Stone AASHTO
Natural 45 6 95% Mod None specified

Subbase for
4. Un-surfaced Gravel or AASHTO
sidewalks
Crushed
Stone
wearing
course
22 | P a g e
Crushed rubble shall only be used in cases where the consistency of the material can be
guaranteed and with special approval from the D: TDA??. It shall further only be used in sub base
or fill applications.
8.3.5 Surfacing Specifications and Densities

Bituminous surface treatments in the form of chip and spray, slurry or Cape Seals are not
acceptable. All surfacing shall be in the form of continuous graded, hot asphalt, spread with a self-
propelled mechanical spreader (paver). Special permission must be obtained from the Director:
Integrated Transport Portfolio to use Warm Mix Asphalt.
Surfacing layers shall comply with the following:
Table 8—4: Premix Surfacing Specifications
Min
Road Category Surfacing Compaction Grading
Strength
40mm medium
COLTO Table
1. UB (District Distributor) continuously graded 93% Rice
4202/7
Asphalt
SABS
40mm medium
1200MH
2. UC (Major bus route) continuously graded 93% Rice
Table 2
Asphalt
Column 6
SABS
40mm medium
93% 1200MH
3. UC (Minor bus route) continuously graded
Marshall Table 2
Asphalt
Column 6
SABS
30mm Pavement mix 93% 1200MH
4. UD (Access Street)
(Residential Mix) Marshall Table 2
Column 6
80mm Concrete Pavers/
5. UD (Access Street) 73mm Clay pavers / 35MPa
Concrete Slab
SABS
30mm Pavement mix 95% 1200MH
6. Pedestrian Only Links
(Residential Mix) Marshall Table 2
Column 7
SABS
Sidewalks and Cycle 30mm Pavement mix 95% 1200MH
7.
Ways (Residential Mix) Marshall Table 2
Column 7
Modified bituminous binders shall be used on steep roads with high incident of turning movements,
where there is a strong possibility of deformation e.g. braking zones, acceleration / deceleration
zones. Such asphalt shall comply with UTG2 specifications.
8.3.6 Compaction Equipment

Pavement layer compaction during construction has a major effect on the structural bearing
capacity of the pavement. The higher the construction density of a layer, the higher the strength
and resistance to deformation.
Designers should therefore not only specify the minimum compaction rates but also the type of
plant to be used for the different material types. For the compaction of base, sub-base and
subgrade (sand) layers a 9-ton vibratory roller should be regarded as the minimum requirement.
Please note that static rolling compaction will be required when working in closed proximity to
sensitive services. Such static rolling compaction shall be designed.
8.3.7 Labour Intensive Construction
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Relevant Codes of Practice, Policy and Guidelines

Guidelines for the implementation of labour-intensive infrastructure projects under the
Expanded Public Works Programme – Second Edition July 2005.
On projects where labour intensive methods are specified, a critical review of the specifications for
road pavement layers needs to be made. All road construction activities cannot be labour intensive.
The activities that can be labour-based are the following:
8.3.7.1 Spreading, levelling of Water bound Macadam layer

8.3.7.2 Excavation up to 1.5 metres in depth, in material suitable for hand excavation
8.3.7.3 Spreading of homogeneous or coarse graded materials
8.3.7.4 Kerb laying and ancillary works
8.3.7.5 Paving of sidewalks, walkways and road surfaces (Paving of roadways in asphalt must be
undertaken using an asphalt finishing paver)
8.3.7.6 Placing of concrete on road surfaces
8.3.7.7 Accommodation of Traffic
The construction methods chosen should result in the same standard as specified in COLTO. For
labour intensive projects, segmented concrete block pavements, concrete pavements (JCP) or the
use of Water bound Macadam as a base layer for granular pavements is recommended.
8.3.8 Selected Layers

Designs for all categories of roads should assume that all subgrades are brought to at least equal
(G7) support standard. Subgrade conditions that are below a G7 standard shall be treated as per
Table 22 of TRH 4, or be replaced with suitable material.
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Catalogue Specification for Pavements

E80's / Lane JCP (Concrete)
Road Category Pavement Class Granular Bases Macadam Bases Block Pavements
(mil)
UA UB UC UD
ES0.003 <0.003 30mm AC 30mm AC 80mm/73mm S-A 140mm JCP

150mm G4 150mm WM2 20mm SND 100mm C3
150mm G7 150mm G7 100mm G5 G9 In-situ
150mm G7
ES0.01 0.003 - 0.01 30mm AC 30mm AC 80mm/73mm S-A 140mm JCP

150mm G7

150mm G7

150mm G7 150mm G7 150mm G7

150mm G4 150mm WM2 20mm SND 150 C2
150mm G7 150mm G7 150mm G7
ES1 0.30 - 1.0 30mm AC 30mm AC 80mm/73mm S-A

150mm G4 150mm WM2 20mm SND
150mm G5 150mm G5 150mm C4
150mm G7 150mm G7 150mm G7
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Catalogue Specification for Pavements

E80's / Lane JCP (Concrete)
Road Category Pavement Class Granular Bases Macadam Bases Block Pavements
(mil)
UA UB UC UD
ES3 1.0 - 3.0 40mm AC 40mm AC

150mm G3 150mm WM1
150mm C4 150mm C4
150mm G7 150mm G7
ES10 3.0 - 10.0 40mm AC 40mm AC

As Per TRH 4 150mm WM1
As Per TRH 4 125mm C4
As Per TRH 4 125mm C4
150mm G7
Sidewalks and Cycle Ways 20mm AC 80mm/73mm S-A

100mm G5 20mm SND
150mm G7 75mm G5
150mm G7
Pedestrian Only Links 25mm AC 60mm/73mm S-A

125mm G4 20mm SND
150mm G7 100mm G5
150mm G7
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8.4 Additional Requirements for Steep Terrains

8.4.1 Roads and access ways on steep grades
Each site for which an application is made for a steep road or driveway i.e. having a proposed
longitudinal grade exceeding 12,5% must be investigated and assessed on its own merits. The
values given hereunder must be taken as a guideline, not necessarily absolute standards and must
never be exceeded.
Options for the constructions of roads on steep sites are…
8.4.2 Roads and access ways on steep grades

Must be constructed to TDA: Asset Management and Maintenance standards. The relevant
Management and Maintenance District Engineer must approve plans. The feasibility of the project
must be determined at technical and financial levels in order to be approved.
8.4.3 Private Driveways in Road Reserves

These require leases therefor the formal lease procedure must be followed. A lease is not generally
acceptable if it would prejudice landowners not party to lease proposal. If a lease is permitted, it
must contain conditions which would ensure safe utilisation of the driveway and if there is any
chance that the lease could terminate and leave Council with the driveway, then the driveway must
be constructed to standards fully acceptable to Council.
Private Driveways must not exceed 27% nor a grade change greater than 17% at the boundary
with the road reserves
Absolute Minimum Standards
Public Roads (also applies to roads on leased lands)
Unconditional Steepest Grade is 12, 5%
Conditional Limits: Grade 27%

Steepest grade: 27, 5 %
Maximum Length: Overall grade less than 20% no maximum

Overall grade greater than 20% see figure 8-1.
Minimum Widths (excluding pedestrian ways)

Two-way road: 4, 5 metres – Road edge to road edge i.e. excluding kerb and /or channel
One-way road: 3, 0 metres – Road edge to road edge i.e. excluding kerb and /or channel
Approach to Intersection:
Max 5% grade.
Min Length = 10 meters (to enable drainage to be collected and to provide stopping space and start
up length away from the corner. Vertical curve excluded)
27 | P a g e
MAXIMUM LENGTHS FOR STEEP ROADS

Grades ≥ 20%
110
100
Maximum length measured on grade (m)
90
80
70
60
50
40 y = 1.1008x2 - 62.727x + 913.25
30
20
10
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Overall Gradient (%)
Figure 8-1: Maximum Length for steep roads
8.4.4 Private access-ways (private sites)

Minimum width 3, 0 metres
Approach to roadway: Max 5% grade.
Approach to roadway: Min length 5 metres (Vertical curve excluded)
8.4.5 Horizontal Curvature : Minimum standards apply to inner edge of all curves.
8.4.6 Crossfalls: Maximum 5%
8.5 Drainage
8.5.1 Design must be such that no rainwater run-off from the new road discharges across the
intersecting roadway or onto abutting land.
8.5.2 Drainage from abutting land, including pathways and steps, must be catered for e.g. kerbs
and channel.
8.5.3 In the case of a private road or driveway, precautions must be taken to ensure that no
stormwater from Council roads discharges into the private road or driveway.
8.6 Pavement Structure

8.6.1 The pavement structure must be adequate for the expected traffic loads, and must be
constructible on steep slopes
8.6.2 The surface roughness must be adequate to ensure skid resistance in all weather
conditions
8.7 Pedestrian Facilities

8.7.1 The minimum footway width is 1, 5 metres
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8.7.2 The maximum grade for a footway is 15%; where it must be steeper to match the
topography or the alignment of the road, steps must be constructed
8.7.3 The maximum number of steps between landings 12. Landings must be at least 1,0 metres
long.
8.7.4 The minimum width of steps 1,5 metres
8.7.5 Steps, where required, must be provided when the road is built.
8.7.6 Where the roadway width is less than 4,5 metres an additional surfaced pedestrian surfaced
footway must be provided.
8.7.7 On the opposite side of the road the constructed footway/step of the verge may be left
unsurfaced, but must be shaped to a width of at least 1,5 metres to provide pedestrian
refuge.
8.8 General Requirements
8.8.1 The stability of abutting slopes and boundary walls must be ensured.
8.8.2 The existing services must be adequately protected, and arrangements for access thereto
must be made in consultation with the service authorities where required.
9. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND SIGNAGE
9.1 General
For all forms of traffic control devices reference should be made to latest edition of the South Africa
Development Community Road Traffic Signs Manual (SADC-RTSM).
For detailed design and construction of traffic signals, reference needs to be made to the
specifications as laid down in the Cape Metropolitan Area (CMA) Specification for Traffic Signals.
Traffic control devices shall comply in all respects with the requirements of the National Road
Traffic Act 1996 (Act No. 93 of 1996) and the National Road Traffic Regulations 2000, promulgated
in terms of the Act. It is therefore important that professionals with experience and knowledge of
the subject undertake the design, installation and operation of traffic signals and signage.

1. SARTSM and SADC-RTSM Manuals
Volume 1: Uniform Traffic Control Devices (SADC-RTSM)
Detailing signing policies and design principles together with specific
information on the meaning and application of all traffic control devices
Volume 2: Traffic Control Device Applications (SARTSM)
This volume covers the use of sets of signs, markings and signals for
specific applications
Volume 3: Traffic Signal Design (SARTSM)
Detailing in depth, requirements for the selection and installation of traffic
signals and their methods of control
Volume 4: Traffic Signs Design (SADC-RTSM)
Dimensional details for all road traffic signs and sign face components
2. The CMA Specification for Traffic Signals
9.3 Traffic Signals Design

For each proposal for Traffic Signals refer to the latest version of Traffic Signals Construction
Procedures.
For further information contact: Manager: Network Facilitation and Development.
10. STORMWATER DESIGN STANDARDS
10.1 General
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Designers shall base their design on a sustainable stormwater management system and all factors
that will impact on the future operation and maintenance of the system must be considered.
Maintenance requirements shall be kept to an absolute minimum.
For a more detailed approach to Stormwater Management, reference needs to be made to the
guidelines as set out below.
The Stormwater drainage design is to be based on the concept of Minor and Major systems as
prescribed in the Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design.
10.2 Standard Reference Documents, Codes of Practice, Policies and Guidelines

10.2.1 Floodplain Management Guidelines – City of Cape Town document, September 2003
Transport Roads & Stormwater Directorate
10.2.2 Stormwater Management Planning and Design Guidelines for New Developments – City of
Cape Town document – July 2002 – Transport Roads & Stormwater Directorate
10.2.3 Floodplain and River Corridor Management Policy, Version 2.1, May 2009
10.2.4 Management of Urban Stormwater Impacts Policy, Version 1.1, May 2009
10.2.5 Requirements of a Local Stormwater Management Plan, Draft 3, Feb 2006
10.2.6 Requirements of a Stormwater Impact Assessment, Draft 2, Feb 2006
10.2.7 Stormwater Management on Slopes Adjacent to Natural Areas, Version 1.0 , November
2003
10.2.8 Stormwater Management Planning and Design Guidelines for New Developments, Version
1.0, July 2002
10.2.9 City of Cape Town Rainfall Intensity – Duration – Frequency Curves, Updated 2011
10.2.10 City of Cape Town: Servitudes for non–pressure sewer & Stormwater systems October
2006.
10.2.11 TRH 15 – Subsurface Drainage for Roads.
10.2.12 Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design – (Red Book).
10.2.13 Guideline for the Provision of Engineering Services in Residential Townships (Blue book).
10.2.14 COCT Minimum Standards for Civil Engineering Services in Townships Draft 2013-02-05
10.2.15 SANRAL Road Drainage Manual
10.2.16 SANS 1200 DB : 1989 – Earthworks (Pipe Trenches)
10.2.17 SANS 1200 GA : 1982 – Concrete (Small Works
10.2.18 SANS 1200 GE : 1984 - Precast Concrete (Structural)
10.2.19 SANS 1200 LB : 1983 – Bedding (Pipes)
10.2.20 SANS 1200 LE : 1982 - Stormwater Drainage
10.3 Stormwater Design

10.3.1 General Design Principles:
The following elements must be incorporated in stormwater drainage design:
10.3.1.1 The main stormwater routes should be located along natural drainage routes.
10.3.1.2 Major systems shall be free draining and local low points in roads must be avoided unless
unencumbered overland escape routes can be maintained. i.e. no private structures, fences
etc. allowed
10.3.1.3 Runoff from adjoining properties must be adequately accommodated. This includes runoff
from upstream properties, where applicable.
10.3.1.4 During major storm events (greater than 1:2 year in the case of residential areas), the traffic
function of residential and lower order roads is interrupted and the full Stormwater carrying
capacity of the roads can be utilised. The maximum allowable inundation of Mixed (Higher
order) and class 4 Local Distributors above road crown during 1:50 year storm events is 150
millimetres.
30 | P a g e
10.3.1.5 Where localised low points are unavoidable and where provision has to be made for
emergency overland escape routes, the number of catchpits and conduit size shall be
increased to accommodate a 1:10 year return storm. Where such overland escape routes
are not possible, the intakes and/or catchpits and conduit system serving the area shall be
capable of accommodating at least a 1:50 year storm. Overland and pipe routes shall be
accommodated in a servitude registered in the name of the City of Cape Town and provide
for adequate access to enable maintenance activities to be carried out.
10.3.1.6 Debris and pollutant removal facilities Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) shall be
designed and constructed to protect downstream facilities and infrastructure.
10.3.1.7 Appropriate measures shall be put in place to minimise scour and erosion.
10.3.1.8 Stormwater discharge shall not be concentrated on any downstream property, except where
such concentration of flow occurred previously, or if the flow is discharged via a servitude, in
favour of the upstream property.
10.3.1.9 The post development runoff shall not exceed the pre development runoff. Stormwater
storage facilities will need to be designed to restrict the runoff from developments where the
post-development runoff exceeds that of the pre- development. Refer to the Management of
Urban Stormwater Impacts Policy document.
10.3.1.10 Due consideration is to be taken at design stage of all future maintenance requirements and
activities.
10.3.1.11 All materials used in the works shall, where such mark has been awarded for a specific type
of material, bear the SANS Mark. The manufacturer must be in a position to furnish the
current valid SABS Mark Permit for such materials. Where materials are proposed for
incorporation in the works that do not bear the SANS Mark prior approval shall be obtained
for the use of such materials from the City’s Project Manager.
10.3.1.12 For any proposed developments, designers will take into consideration the existing and any
future development plans. The Local Catchment Manager must be consulted in this regard.
10.3.2 The Minor System

The minor system provides for the convenience of the community by rapidly removing runoff
caused by storms of relatively frequent recurrence intervals (2 to 5 years) from the drainage area,
mainly via an underground pipe network. The system includes catchpits, manholes, road-edge
channels and open channels.
The applicable minor system design storm return period varies according to land use. The return
periods to be applied are as listed in the table below.
Table 10—1: Design Storm Recurrence Interval per Development Type
Design storm recurrence

Development
interval (years)
1. Residential 2
2. General commercial & industrial 5
3. Public buildings 5
4. High value CBD 5 to 10
10.3.3 The Major System

The flood plan management system for all new townships will be designed to safely contain floods
up to the 1:20 year flood without the flooding of properties, i.e. within the road reserve boundaries.
Conditions shall also be checked for the 1:100 year event to assess the risk of floor levels being
inundated. Floor levels are to be 300 millimetres (minimum) above the 1:100 flood levels.
(Calculated considering the theoretical energy levels)
The major system is the trunk system that receives stormwater discharge from the minor system. It
also functions as the emergency system that operates during overflow from, or failure of the minor
system. The system includes watercourses, large conduits, roads, stormwater attenuation facilities
31 | P a g e
(ponds), drainage servitudes and flood plains. Public open spaces, sports fields and parking areas,
can also be utilised to form part of the major system.
The major system fulfils a flood control function only during major, infrequent storm events. During
such events, temporary disruption of many normal activities within the catchment will occur, owing
to the intensity and magnitude of the event. The loss of convenience is tolerable, if no inundation
of private property occurs and the disruption is restricted to the following:
10.3.3.1 Residential and lower order roads

10.3.3.2 Recreational areas and public open space
10.3.3.3 Parking areas
10.3.3.4 The minor underground pipe system shall be assumed to be flowing full during a major
storm event. The effect/ramifications of blockages occurring in the minor system must be
checked at design stage.
10.3.4 Rainfall and Modelling Criteria

Rainfall gauging stations are operated by the City and the location of these and other gauging
stations are listed in Stormwater Management Planning and Design Guidelines for New
Developments. The City has developed Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) curves for the stations
listed based on the data collected and these are available from the Transport and Urban
Development Authority Directorate. The IDF curves were updated in 2011 with additional curves
being determined for Atlantis, Hout Bay, Goodwood Greens, Noordhoek, Potsdam, Simons Town
and Vergelegen.
Stormwater design shall be based on the IDF (intensity-duration-frequency) figures obtained from
rainfall monitoring stations. It is noted that precipitation in the city environs is greatly influenced by
wind direction, elevation of the catchment and proximity to geophysical features. Either the
Thessen Diagram is to be used to determine which rainfall monitoring station data set should be
utilised, or data shall be used from the rainfall monitoring station most suitably located in relation to
catchment area under consideration.
For the calculation of Stormwater runoff and storage capacities reference should be made to
Stormwater Management Planning and Design Guidelines for New Developments (Annexure E –
page 74 to77),which documents the recommended techniques and modelling tools in detail.
10.4 Physical Design Criteria

The physical criteria and requirements for the various stormwater design elements are set out in
the sections below.
10.4.1 Stormwater Pipes and Box Culverts (Underground Conduits)

Table 10—2: Stormwater Conduit Design Criteria
1 Mannings coefficient of friction (n) 0.012

Minimum diameter – catchpit
2 300 mm (nominal dia.)
connections
3 Minimum Diameter – Main lines 375 mm (nominal dia.)
Pipe / culvert material Reinforced concrete (Bearing SANS
4
mark)
Pipe joint type Spigot and socket (including rubber
5 ring)
N.B NO OGEE JOINT PIPES
Pipe class: (all diameters) Generally 100D (Loading conditions
6 for each application to be confirmed,
particularly construction loadings on
the smaller diameter pipes)
7 Culvert Class Generally 100S (Loading conditions
32 | P a g e
for each application to be confirmed)

8 Bedding type Class B (SANS 1200 LB)
1.70m, North or East from road centre
9 Position in road reserve
line
Minimum slope: Connections 1:60 (1.67 %)
10 375mm dia. 1:360 (0.28 %)
450mm dia. and larger Minimum velocity criteria applies
11 Minimum velocity (80% full flow) 0.9 m/s
Maximum velocity
12 (Without checking for hydraulic 3.5 m/s
jump)
Maximum velocity (Checking for
13 5.0 m/s (Minimum pipe class 100D)
hydraulic jump)
Anchor blocks 375mm to 450mm dia pipes steeper
than 1:6 (16.67%)
14
450mm dia and larger pipes steeper
than 1:8 (12.50%)
15 Minimum cover (road intersections) 1000mm
16 Minimum cover (general) 750mm
Maximum distance between
17 90m
manholes
10.4.1.1 Underground conduits are to be laid within the road reserve or in

public open spaces. Where crossing private property is unavoidable,
the conduit must be protected by a servitude, in favour of the City
10.4.1.2 Generally, structures are not permitted within half the pipe diameter or
culvert width, plus working area (generally 300 millimetres) plus depth
to invert, measured from the centreline of the pipe. However, each
case must be assessed to allow for equipment and machinery
requirements.
10.4.1.3 Stormwater pipes are generally to be laid shallower than sewers.
10.4.1.4 Free flowing junctions (i.e. 45º junctions) should be detailed where
possible and 90º junctions avoided. Connections from catchpits to the
main line are to be as close to 60º to the road centreline as possible.
10.4.1.5 Only reinforced concrete spigot and socket with rubber ring seals are
permitted. Interlocking joint (ogee) pipes shall not be used in any
application.
10.4.1.6 Where cutting of pipes is required, the pipe is to be cleanly cut, with
any exposed reinforcing being adequately treated and protected
against corrosion.
10.4.1.7 Box culverts are to have V-shaped inverts to accommodate low flows
10.4.1.8 The vertical clearance between Stormwater conduits and other
services is to be a minimum of 150 millimetres.
10.4.1.9 Steeper gradients shall be used at the head of the system, where full
flow is not yet achieved.
10.4.1.10 In sandy areas consideration should be given to increasing the
coefficient of friction (n) in calculations to compensate for the partial
siltation of the of the underground conduits.
10.4.1.11 Where underground conduits enter rivers, canals or ponds:
The invert must be above normal wet season water level

The soffit must be above the water level achieved during minor storm.
The discharge points shall be provided with adequate erosion
protection measures such as rock filled gabion mattresses and stilling
basins
Anchor blocks in 20MPa concrete are to be provided on steep slopes as follows:
33 | P a g e
Table 10—3: Anchor Block Spacing
Grade (%) Spacing for 2,44 m pipe lengths

1. Over 50% every joint
2. 30% to 50% alternate joints
3. 20% to 30% every fourth joint
4. 10% to 20% every eighth joint
10.4.1.12 Spacing for intermediate grades can be interpolated.

10.4.1.13 Refer to the Standard Stormwater Details for Anchor block requirements
10.4.1.14 Box culverts are to have dished inverts to accommodate low flows.
10.4.1.15 Where the box culvert height is less than 1, 2 metres Width to Height (W: H) ratio is not to
exceed 2:1.
10.4.1.16 The minimum height of box culvert shall be 600 millimetres.
10.4.2 Catchpits
The maximum flow capacity of the road cross-section at the particular gradient is to be used to
determine the required positions of catchpits.
Street capacity and kerb flow interceptions are to be based on the charts developed by Zwamborn,
Wessels, Lotter and Grobler as published in the Road Drainage Manual, SANRAL. Reference can
also be made to the charts developed by Forbes and Rooseboom. Designers are to provide
calculations on request.
The percentage flow bypassing a catchpit shall not exceed 20%.
Catchpits with double kerb inlet - gully grid are preferred. The use of gully grid type entry only is
limited to instances where double flat channels are required.
Where gully grids are utilised, grids with the slots are in the same direction as the channel flow are
preferred. In instances where the grid slots are at right angles to the flow (e.g. cycle lanes), due to
the tendency of the upstream grid to block with debris, a longer chamber with additional grid and
frame should be installed to ensure the same intake capacity, i.e. instead of the usual two grids,
three grids should be installed.
Gully grid inlets and frame, shall be manufactured from ferrous materials or polymer concrete. For
ferrous materials, the grid is to be fixed to the frame by means of stainless steel (304) bullet hinges.
The frame and grid shall be able to withstand the loading requirements of SANS 50124, capable of
bearing a test load of 250kN.
At trapped low areas, the number of catchpits is to be increased to manage the trapped flows
adequately. Where trapped low areas occur on high order roads, additional catchpits should also
be provided above the low area, to limit the area of flooding due to blockage of those catchpits
serving the trapped low.
Length of channel flow until the first catchpit will not exceed 120 metres.
Distance between catchpits shall not exceed 90 metres, unless hydraulic calculations indicate that
alternative distances can be accommodated.
Careful consideration should be given to the placing and spacing of catchpits in low cost housing
areas as the catchpits are frequently used for rubbish and sewerage disposal.
Catchpits are to be located to prevent surface flows across roads and intersections. Particular
attention is to be taken in placing inlets where the road cross falls roll over.
Catchpits may not be positioned on intersection radii due to wheel and tyre damage.
34 | P a g e
The location of vehicular entrances, (carriageway crossing) are to be taken into account when
positioning catchpits.
Catchpit to catchpit connections are not permitted.
Combination catchpit/manholes are not permitted.
Catchpit connection lengths may not exceed 15 metres.
Kerb inlet openings are to be 100 millimetres in height.
Inlet kerbs are to be of same profile and height as adjoining kerbs.
Catchpits should not be less than 750 millimetres in depth and may not exceed 1000 millimetres in
depth.
A chamfer to the opening around the connection pipe socket shall be provided to improve the
hydraulic efficiency and prevent debris from snagging.
In windblown sandy areas catchpits shall not be benched, but the floor shall be at the same level
as the outlet invert.
Skew catchpits shall be used where the road gradient exceeds 8% and must be offset to the road
centreline by 600.
In areas with a high incidence of litter and debris, a horizontal Y16 galvanised trash bar is to be
installed across the kerb inlet opening, to prevent the ingress of bottles and cans.
Alternatively, kerb inlet screens may be installed as a debris barrier. Only screens with vertical
bars are permitted, and no horizontal bars may be used in conjunction with the vertical bars across
the opening.
In locations where kerb inlet screens have been installed, the number of kerb inlet openings is to
be doubled.
Trash bar/screen installations are not advisable in trapped low spots or in high vegetation areas.
Bricks used in the construction of catchpits to comply with the specifications for masonry units.
Refer to paragraph 10.4.9
10.4.3 Manholes
Manholes will be provided at all horizontal and vertical changes in direction, and at all pipe
junctions.
Junction boxes are not permitted.
At manholes where there is a change in conduit size on the main line, the conduits are to be
aligned crown to crown.
In areas with flat grades the designer is to check for head-loss in the manhole, where upstream
and downstream conduits are the same size.
Downstream conduits may not be of smaller size than those upstream although a change of grade
may indicate this hydraulically. This requirement is to prevent large objects conveyed in the
upstream conduit blocking the conduit downstream.
Maximum spacing between manholes is not to exceed 90 metres.
Maximum chimney height is to be 400 millimetres.
Manhole access shafts to be located in such a manner as to permit free access for bucket machine
cleaning cables and equipment.
35 | P a g e
Widening must be provided on outside curves of benching to accommodate bucket cleaning.
Bricks used in the construction of manholes are to comply with the specifications for masonry units.
Refer to paragraph 10.4.9
Where the manhole depth is greater than 1, 0 metre but less than 1, 8 metres, the cover and frame
are to be placed directly onto the reducer slab i.e. No access shaft is required.
Avoid large drops (greater than 1.0 metres) from incoming lateral pipes to limit erosion of the
manhole floor.
The standard manhole cover and frame is to be the Cape Town Standard 2010 Manhole Cover and
Frame. Refer to drawings R4-788 sheets 1-3
In road carriageways, hard shoulders, parking areas and pedestrian areas, Cast Iron or Ductile Iron
manhole covers and frames should be initially installed, followed by polymer products in the event
of theft.
10.4.4 Subsurface Drains

Subsurface drainage is required to ensure that pavement and subgrade layers are well-drained at
the material depth as defined in TRH 4, but to at least 800 millimetres below the road surface.
Subsurface drainage systems shall be installed in all areas where a high water table can be
expected in the wet season.
Subsurface drains shall generally to be installed along a road on the upstream side of the road
reserve to form a cut-off drain, directly behind the kerb line.
Subsurface drains shall have dual filter mediums that consist of a combination of granular and
synthetic materials.
In areas of high clay content, geo-textile is to be omitted and the stone surround to be as detailed
on typical Standard Stormwater Detail, for Subsurface Drains.
All Subsurface drains shall be provided with piped systems that are connected by means of
manholes. The pipes shall have a stone bedding and geotextile blanket with the perforations or
holes in the pipe being laid according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.
The geo-textile indicated in the Standard Stormwater Detail for Subsurface Drains is a general
purpose type.
Designers are to ensure that the geofabric specified, is suitable for use in the specific in-situ soil
conditions.
Table 10—4: Sub-surface Drain Design Criteria
1. Minimum internal manhole diameter 1000mm

2. Maximum manhole spacing 60m
3. Maximum depth 1000mm where practical
Drainage medium 19mm stone complying with SABS 1083
4.
or particular grading as specified
5. Synthetic filter (general purpose) Geo-textile Grade A2
6. Minimum drainage pipe diameter 100mm
Pipe type HDPE Double Walled slotted pipe (with
7.
smooth internal surface)
*Note: Sausage or fin type subsurface drains are not permitted.
Open Stormwater Channels
36 | P a g e
Open Stormwater channels are generally not accepted in areas where windblown sand and debris
are prevalent. Where unavoidable, the following minimum standards will apply:
Table 10—5: Open Stormwater Channel Design Criteria
Criteria Unlined Lined

1. Minimum longitudinal slope 1:200 (0.50 %) 1:400 (0.25 %)
2. Maximum flow velocity 1.0m/s 2.5m/s
3. Maximum side slopes Varies depending on
1: 5
material. * see note
* Note: Acceptable linings include grouted stone pitching, concrete, rock filled gabion mattresses, concrete
blocks (flexible) etc.
The low flow area of the channel must be lined to facilitate cleaning operations, unless the channel
has the dual role of a treatment facility.
10.4.5 Stormwater Ponds

The number of stormwater ponds must be kept to a minimum to reduce maintenance requirements.
Numerous small ponds must be avoided.
Where possible, stormwater ponds are to be designed as dual purpose facilities, i.e. for parking or
recreational areas.
Subsurface drains are to be installed to allow efficient drainage of the ponds.
Grassed ponds shall have an irrigation system installed.
Maintenance requirements are to be taken into account at design stage and could include
measures such as lined low flow channels, etc.
Dry stormwater ponds are preferred. Where this is not possible, the following additional conditions
apply:
1) Wet ponds are only permissible where the water depth can be sustained at a minimum
depth of 1.2 metres throughout the dry season.
2) Adequate warning signs and safety measures such as fencing are to be provided around
wet ponds to protect the public from drowning.
Table 10—6: Stormwater Pond Design Criteria
1 : 250 ( 0.40%) lined

1. Minimum invert slope
1 : 50 ( 2,00%) unlined
2. Minimum outlet diameter 375mm* see note
Minimum backdrop at outlet structure to allow subsoil
3. 800mm
drainage(Invert level below pond bottom)
4. Maximum embankment slope (grassed) 1: 5 (20%)
*Note: Special outlet design may be required to limit flow, in order to meet downstream system constraints.
10.4.6 Flood Escape Routes

Trapped low point must be avoided through good layout and planning practice. Where trapped low
points are unavoidable the flood escape routes shall be accommodated through one of the
following systems:
10.4.6.1 Public open spaces provided along drainage routes.
10.4.6.2 Underground drainage is to allow for the 1:50 year storm event.
10.4.6.3 Registered servitudes for escape routes over private properties - no structures or
boundary walls shall be erected within such servitudes. This option is not recommended
37 | P a g e
and should only be used in exceptional circumstances.
10.4.7 Road Drainage Considerations

Runoff from side roads must be controlled. In cases where the side street length exceeds 80m, the
runoff must be collected on the side road before the intersection to avoid overrun onto intersection.
Grid inlet type gullies may only be used in the following circumstances:
10.4.7.1 Unsurfaced roads

10.4.7.2 Where double flat channels are used
10.4.7.3 Unsurfaced roads are to be provided with lined side drains when the flow
velocity exceeds 1.0 m/s.
10.4.7.4 Energy dissipation measures are required when flow velocities in roadside
channels exceed 2.5m/s.
10.4.7.5 Roads with steep gradients that terminate downhill in a T-junction must be
avoided.
10.4.7.6 Double flat channels/ dish drains may not be constructed across the
intersections of roadways.
10.4.7.7 On dual carriageway roads a paved raised median island is preferred.
Where this requirement cannot be met, the unpaved median island shall be
provided with effective subsoil drainage systems to prevent water from
entering the adjacent pavement layers.
10.4.8 General Development Considerations

Erven, where the impervious area exceeds 600m², shall be served by an underground connection
(min 300 millimetres dia).
The drainage of “backyards” serving attached houses/structures is to be taken into account at

design stage, preferably by the installation of an underground system.
Private developments with stormwater pond/treatment facilities must have a servitude, registered
over such facilities in favour of the City.
Access for river cleaning equipment is to be considered at design stage, for developments in the
vicinity of river corridors.
Where developments are to be handed over to the City, on completion of construction, all
Stormwater conduits (including connections) are to be inspected by means of a CCTV inspection
camera and a report submitted to the local District office together with a copy of the recorded
footage (Ms Windows Media Player compatible). The report is to be in WRc (UK) format. Any faults
found during the camera inspection are to be made good to the City’s approval prior the
acceptance of the development.
Interceptor traps are to be provided at taxi ranks to facilitate the removal of oil and other pollutants
resulting from the washing down of vehicles.
10.4.9 Specification for Masonry Units (Bricks)

Burnt Clay Masonry Units (to SANS 227:2007)
Underground Infrastructure (Manholes, catchpits, etc.)
1) Class: NFXE (Engineering unit)

2) Solid (un-perforated)
3) Nominal compressive strength: 21MPa,
4) Dimensions: Imperial 222 X 106 X 73,
5) Limits for cold water absorption: Not more than 12%
6) Efflorescence: special grade
Surface Infrastructure (wingwalls, headwalls, etc.)
1) Class: FBXE (Engineering unit)
38 | P a g e
2) Solid (un-perforated)
3) Nominal compressive strength: 21MPa
4) Dimensions: Imperial 222 X 106 X 73
5) Limits for cold water absorption: Not more than 12%
6) Colour and Texture: Uniform
7) Efflorescence: special grade
Concrete Masonry Units (to SANS 1215:2008)

Surface Infrastructure (wingwalls, headwalls, etc.)
1) Solid (un-perforated) (structural and load bearing)

2) Nominal compressive strength: 21MPa
3) Dimensions: Imperial 222 X 106 X 73
4) Colour: ‘Cement grey’
5) Texture: Plain face
6) Ave drying shrinkage: 0.06% (Normal shrinkage unit)
39 | P a g e
ANNEXURE A
DEVELOPMENT CHECK LIST

ITEM CHECK N/A
GENERAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
1 Main stormwater routes located along natural drainage routes
2 Localised low points to be avoided
3 Runoff from adjoining properties must be accommodate in the design
4 Up to 1:20 year storm events to be contained within road reserve

Where localised low points are unavoidable, provision shall be made for
5 emergency overland escapes routes. Alternatively, Pipe system to accommodation
at least a 1:50 year storm
6 Post development runoff shall not exceed the pre development runoff
7 Material to bear the SANS mark (where applicable)

DESIGN STORM RETURN PERIOD PER DEVELOPMENT TYPE
Development Return Period (years)
8 Residential 2
9 General Commercial & Industrial 5
10 Public Buildings 5
11 High Value CBD 5 TO 10
STORMWATER CONDUIT DESIGN CRITERIA
12 Mannings Coefficient of friction (n) 0.012
13 Minimum diameter (Connections) 300mm (nominal dia)
14 Minimum diameter (Main Lines) 375mm (nominal dia)
15 Pipe/culvert material Reinforced concrete (Bearing SANS mark)
16 Pipe joint type Spigot and socket with rubber ring seals
17 Generally 100D (Loading conditions for
Pipe class (all diameters)
each application to be confirmed
Connections 1:60 (1.67%)
18 Minimum Slope 375mm dia 1:360 (0.28%)
450mm dia. and Minimum velocity
larger criteria applies
19 Minimum 80% full flow velocity 0.9m/s
20 Maximum velocity (Without checking
3.5m/s
for hydraulic jump)
21 Maximum velocity( Checking for
5.0 m/s (Min pipe class 100D)
hydraulic jump)
375mm to 450mm dia pipes steeper than
22 1:6 (16.67%)
Anchor blocks
450mm dia and larger pipes steeper than
1:8 (12.50 %)
23 Minimum cover (road intersections) 1000mm
24 Minimum cover (general) 750mm
25 Maximum distance between
90m
manholes
26 Generally100S (Loading conditions for each
Culvert Class
application to be confirmed)
27 Bedding Type Class B (SANS 1200 LB)
40 | P a g e
ITEM CHECK N/A

STORMWATER CONDUIT DESIGN CRITERIA (continued)
28 Position in road reserve 1.70m, North or East from road centre line
Pipe / culvert systems are to be laid within the road reserve or in public open
29
spaces
30 Avoid 90 degree junctions
Vertical clearance between Stormwater conduits and other services : 150mm
31
minimum
32 Box culverts are to have dished inverts
33 Box culverts, Width to Height (W:H) ratio not to exceed 2:1
34 Minimum box culvert height to be 600mm
CATCHPITS
35 Percentage flow bypassing a catchpit shall not exceed 20%
36 Double kerb inlet – gully grid are preferred.
37 Length of channel flow until the first catchpit will not exceed 120m
38 Distance between catchpits ,: maximum 90m
39 Catchpits are to be located to prevent surface flows across roads and intersections
40 Catchpits may not be positioned on intersections radii
41 Catchpit to catchpit connections are not permitted
42 Combination catchpit/manholes are not permitted
43 Catchpit connection lengths may not exceed 15m
44 Kerb inlet openings are 100mm in height
45 Catchpit not to be less than 750mm and may not exceed 1000mm in depth
Windblown sandy areas catchpits shall not be benched. Floor to be at same level
46
as the outlet invert
47 Catchpits served by gully grids , only in exceptional circumstances
Areas with a high incidence of litter and debris, horizontal Y16 galvanised trash
48
bar to be installed across opening
Kerb inlet screens can be used as an alternative to 48 above.- Only screens with
49
vertical bars are permitted
50 In locations with trash bars or screens, kerb inlet openings are to be doubled
Trash bar/screen installations are to be avoided in trapped low spots or high
51
vegetation area
MANHOLES
Manholes will be provided at horizontal and vertical changes in direction plus at all
52
pipe junctions and end points
53 Junction boxes are not permitted
54 Conduits to be aligned crown to crown
55 Downstream conduits may not be of smaller size than those upstream
56 Maximum spacing between manholes : 90m
57 Maximum chimney height : 400mm
Manhole depth is greater than 1,0m but less than 1,8m, cover and frame to be
58
placed directly onto reducer slab
41 | P a g e
ITEM CHECK N/A

SUBSURFACE DRAINS
Minimum internal manhole
59 1000mm
diameter
60 Maximum manhole spacing 60m
61 Maximum Depth 1000mm where practical
Drainage medium 19mm stone complying with SABS 1083 or
62
(General purpose) particular grading as specific
Synthetic filter(general
63 Geo-textile Grade A2
purpose)
Minimum drainage pipe
64 100mm
diameter
HDPE double walled slotted pipe( with smooth
65 Pipe Type
internal surface)
66 Sausage or fin type subsurface drains are not permitted
OPEN STORMWATER CHANNELS
Unlined Lined
67 Minimum longitudinal slope 1:200 (0.50%) 1:400 (0.25%)
68 Maximum flow velocity 1.0m/s 2.5m/s
Maximum side slopes Varies depending on
69 1:5
material
Acceptable linings: grouted stone pitching, concrete, rock filled gabion mattresses,
70
concrete blocks (flexible) etc.
71 Low flow area of the channel must be lined to facilitate cleaning operations
STORMWATER PONDS
72 Numerous small ponds must be avoided
73 Must serve dual purpose, where possible
74 Subsurface drains are to be installed
75 Grassed ponds to have an irrigation system
Dry ponds are preferred, wet ponds only permissible where water depth can be
76 sustained at minimum depth of 1.2m throughout dry season
Unlined Lined
77 Minimum invert slope
1:50 (2%) 1:250 (0.40%)
375mm(Special outlet design may be required
78 Minimum outlet diameter to limit flow, in order to meet downstream
system constraints)
Minimum backdrop at outlet
structure to allow for
79 800mm
subsurface drainage( Invert
level below pond bottom)
Maximum embankments
80 1:5 (20%)
slope(grassed)
FLOOD ESCAPE ROUTES
81 Flood escape routes to be provided at all trapped low areas
GENERAL DEVELOPMENTS CONSIDERATIONS
Where impervious area exceeds 600m² shall be served with underground
82
connection (min 300mm dia.)
Drainage of “backyards” serving attached houses/structures to be taken into
83
consideration.
Private developments with pond/treatment facilities: servitude registered over such
84
facilities in favour of the City.
85 Access for river cleaning equipment
Stormwater conduits ( including Connections) are to be inspected by means of
86
CCTV prior to taking over the development
42 | P a g e
ITEM CHECK N/A

Oil/grease interceptor traps, to be provided at taxi ranks to facilitate the removal of
87
oil and other pollutants.
MASONRY BRICKS
Burnt Clay Masonry Units (to SANS 227:2007)
Underground Infrastructure (Manholes, catchpits, etc.)

Class: NFXE (Engineering Unit), Solid (un-perforated), Nominal compressive
strength : 21MPa,
Dimensions: Imperial 222 x 106 x 73, Limits for cold water absorption: Not more
that 12% Efflorescence; special grade
89
Surface Infrastrucure (wingwalls, headwalls, etc.)
Class: FBXE (Engineering unit), Solid (un-perforated), ), Nominal compressive
strength : 21Mpa,
Dimensions: Imperial 222 x 106 x 73, Limits for cold water absorption: Not more
that 12%
Colour and Texture : Uniform, Efflorescence: special grade
Concrete Masonry Units (to SANS 1215:2008)
Surface Infrastructure ONLY (wingwalls) headwalls
Solid (un-perforated) (structural and load bearing), Nominal compressive strengths:
90
21 Mpa
Dimensions: Imperial 222 x 106 x 73, Clour. ‘Cement grey’, Texture; Plain face
Ave drying shrinkage : 0.06% (Normal shrinkage Unit)
Certified that plans had been examined in accordance with the checklist above:
PROJECT TITLE:
Official Consultant Date Official Date Consultant
Checked by
Signed by
11. SEWERS

Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design (Red Book)
Service Guidelines and Standards – CCT document – October 2010 Version 3.0
As at March 2017:
https://www.capetown.gov.za/en/Water/Documents/Service%20Guidelines%20and%20Standards_for_Water_
and_Sanitation_CCT%20%28Vers%203%202%29.pdf
12. WATER RETICULATION

Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design (Chapter 9).
CCT document – Service Guidelines and Standards – October 2010 version 3.0
13. DUCTS
13.1 General
Refer to drawings R4 -771 sheets 1-9, and R4-772.
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Engineering drawings for proposed roadways shall make provision for ducts for the various
services in order to prevent roadways from being dug up in future for the laying of cables etc.
At design stage, the service providers shall be contacted and their needs for ducts for future cables
or other services shall be obtained from them in writing.
13.2 Relevant Codes of Practice, Policy, Guidelines and Specifications.

13.2.1 SABS 1200
13.3 Design Criteria

Table 13—1: Ducting Design Criteria
1. Duct to extend beyond kerb line (minimum distance) 1.0m

2. High voltage cables 1000mm
Medium voltage
3. Minimum depth below finished road surface 800mm
cables
4. Low voltage cables 600mm
5. Minimum trench width 600mm
6. Minimum side clearance (between trench wall and duct) 200mm
7. Minimum horizontal clearance between adjacent ducts 150mm
8. Minimum vertical clearance between ducts 100mm
13.3.9 Draw wires (nylon rope) to be installed in all ducting, with a 2 metre free length at each end.
13.3.10 Duct ends shall be sealed at end with uPVC end caps.
13.3.11 Ducting for Traffic Signals shall be provided with Cable Inspection Chamber at duct ends as
per detailed drawing R4-772.
13.4 Ducting Pipe Materials

Table 13—2: Ducting Pipe Materials and Specifications.
Pipe
Service Provider Diameter Specification
(mm Ø)
HDPE Class 16, type 5 complying with
1. Telecommunication 110 SANS 4427 using compression fittings and
joints.
2. Electrical: Low Voltage 110 uPVC Class 400 KPa complying with SANS
3. Electrical: High Voltage 160 1601 using spigot and socket rubber ring
4. Traffic Signals 110 joints.
uPVC Class 34 heavy duty complying with
5. Irrigation (parks) 110 SABS 791 using spigot and socket rubber
ring joints
All multiple layers of ducts must be encased in 10MPa concrete.
All pipe ends shall have all sharp edges and irregularities removed prior to installation. Pipe ducts
are to be arranged as shown on drawings R4 -771 sheets 1-9. The maximum allowed deviation in
any direction is 30 millimetres. Before the installation of end caps, all pipes shall be checked for
obstructions, which shall be removed by using a “pig”.
13.5 Duct Marking Details
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Electrical duct crossings shall have danger tape installed on top of the concrete duct section just
below the pavement structure of a road.
Table 13—3:
Services Type Lettering Colour Specifications

Ducts
1. Telkom T Green Cut lettering on kerb face
2. Electrical E Red with grinder, 75mm high x
5mm thick
3. Traffic R Yellow
Precast recessed kerbs are
4. Parks (Irrigation) P Black preferred
Watermains
V Blue Blue cover for chamber.
5. Valve Cut V on kerb face (75mm x
75mm)
H Yellow Yellow cover for chamber.
6. Fire hydrant Paint one kerb (1000mm)
yellow
House connections
Cut single groove on kerb
face with grinder 75mm high
x 5mm thick and install
75mm x 150mm x 1 000mm
7. Sewer Brown
concrete edging stone
protruding 100mm above
finished ground level at
connection point
8. Water Blue face with grinder, 75mm
high x 5 mm thick
9. Electrical Red face with grinder, 75mm
high x 5 mm thick
13.6 General
Designers’ and Developers’ attention is drawn to the City’s requirement in terms of private
developments.
These requirements shall apply in all cases where changes, alterations, new or additions to
infrastructure and services that need to be taken over by the City at completion of the works.
This section gives only a brief summary of the requirements.
13.7 Relevant Codes of Practice, Policy, Guidelines and Specifications

13.7.1 Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design (Red Book)
Standard Conditions for the Construction or Alteration of Transport, Roads and
13.7.2
Stormwater Infra-structure by Private Developers
13.7.3 SABS 1200
13.7.4 SARTSM and SADC-RTSM Manuals
13.7.5 COLTO
13.8 Legal Requirements

The Developer is responsible for ensuring compliance with applicable legislation including City of Cape Town
by-laws. Certain activities may be subject to permit approvals by national and provincial government
departments.
13.9 Site Development Plan
45 | P a g e
A fully detailed Site Development Plan (conceptual design) to an appropriate sized metric scale e.g
1:200, 1:500, 1:1000 etc. must be submitted to the relevant Director for approval prior to the
submission of a detail design. This is to allow for the setting of further requirements, specifications
and conditions relating to transport, roads, stormwater, sewer and water infrastructure which must
be considered in the detail design. Attention must be given to the existing, planned and potential
development in the vicinity of the development.
13.10 Detailed Design

The detailed design must be in accordance with the requirements of this document.
The design must be carried out and certified by an Engineering Professional registered with the
Engineering Council of South Africa in terms of the Engineering Professionals Act, 46 of 2000 with
competence in the relevant field.
13.11 Construction, Supervision and Testing

13.11.1 No construction work may commence before an approval of the detailed design (in writing)
is obtained from the Director: Asset Management and Maintenance or his delegated District
Engineer.
13.11.2 No work may commence without wayleaves from the various Departments for stormwater,
sewer, water, electricity and telecommunication services. The Developer’s contractor must
acquaint himself with the exact position of all underground services before commencing any
excavation work.
13.11.3 The Director must be informed in writing not less than 5 working days before construction is
due to commence.
13.11.4 The standard of workmanship and the materials used shall be in accordance with SABS
1200 / COLTO (1998). The City may however specify amendments to SABS 1200/COLTO
13.11.5 Adequate supervision by a Registered Professional Engineer must be provided for the full
duration of the works. In this regard, a proposal for site supervision must be submitted to the
Director for approval before construction work commences. The proposal shall include the
name (or names where a team is required) of the individuals proposed, their CVs and the
time that they will devote to site supervision on the project. Failure to adhere to the
approved proposal may jeopardise clearance for separate registration of the properties. The
Registered Professional Engineer may have no direct financial interest in the development,
other than payment of standard professional fees for the work performed.
13.11.6 The necessary testing as prescribed in SABS 1200 / COLTO (1998) shall be carried out and
the results thereof shall be made available to the relevant Director.
13.12 Supply of Water for Construction Purposes

The Developer shall note that water for construction purposes shall be obtained via metered
standpipes. The use of erf or house leadings for the supply of construction water shall not be
permitted.
13.13 Maintenance Guarantee

The developer shall furnish Council with a bank guarantee equal to 5% of the agreed estimated
value of the roads and infrastructure to be constructed. The guarantee shall be to the satisfaction of
the Director and valid for the 12 month maintenance period, which shall commence from the date
of the certificate of completion.
14. DRAWING STANDARDS AND AS-BUILT REQUIREMENTS
14.1 General
Designers’ and Developers’ attention is drawn to the City’s requirement in terms of drawing
standards and as-built requirements.
14.2 Symbols, Line Styles and Colour
46 | P a g e
Drawings supplied by consultants for Civil Engineering Services shall have the same symbols, line
types and colours set out on drawing R4-794.
14.3 Layers
Drawings shall be produced in the following layers:
Table 14—1: Drawing Layers
1. Layer Includes
2. Roads Kerb lines, road edge lines, V-channels
3. Sidewalks Edging stone lines
4. Stormwater Manholes, catchpits, pipelines
5. Subsoil drainage Manholes, pipelines
6. Sewer Manholes, pipelines
7. Water Valves, hydrants, pipelines
8. Irrigation Valves, sprinkles, pipelines
Surface boxes, electrical poles, light poles,
9. Electrical
cables, overhead lines
Surface boxes, poles, manholes, cables,
10. Telecommunication
overhead lines
11. Cadastral All erf lines, road reserves, erf numbers.
14.4 Plan Layouts

Plan layouts shall include the following information:
14.4.1 Survey information, contour layout of existing surfaces

14.4.2 All existing service and cadastral information
14.4.3 Manhole numbers, cover levels and invert levels of all services
14.4.4 Co-ordinate list of all members
14.4.5 Pipe diameters, class and gradients
14.4.6 Finished road surface contours of all intersections
14.4.7 Grid positions (y, x) at regular intervals
14.4.8 Legend for Services
14.4.9 North point
14.4.10 Locality plan with sufficient information to uniquely identify the location
14.5 Longitudinal Sections

Longitudinal sections of all underground services and roads to be constructed shall be provided,
and shall include the following information:
14.5.1 Longitudinal sections must be to the same horizontal scale as the plan view.
Longitudinal sections must be drawn at the same orientation as the plan view within long
14.5.2
section zero
14.5.3 Below the plan view zero, zero must always be on the left side of the drawing.
14.5.4 Existing ground profile
14.5.5 Depth and position of existing services to be indicated
14.5.6 Manhole numbers
14.5.7 Pipe diameters, length and slope
Stake values and final centre line road levels at regular intervals and at vertical and
14.5.8
horizontal curve details.
14.6 Cross sections

Cross Sections must be :
14.6. 1 Be provided at all salient changes and regular intervals, not more than 20 metres apart.
Indicate the full profile of the road reserve, clearly indicating existing ground and services
14.6. 2
level in addition to the proposed ground and services levels.
47 | P a g e
14.6. 3 Conform to metric scales and have an appropriate exaggeration e.g. 1:1,1:2,1:5 and 1:10
Commence with zero distance at the bottom of the page so that the observer can visualise
14.6. 4
the change in profile.
14.6. 5 “Typical cross sections” must show layer works, edge restraints, footway and road widths.
14.7 Plan submission checklist

Each submission of design plans must be accompanied by a hardcopy duly completed and signed
checklist “plans submission checklist” available via…..HYPERLINK to be added.
14.8 As-Built Information

As-built information supplied by the developer’s engineering consultants at the completion of a
project shall be in accordance with the following.
14.8.1 As Built Plans

Cross Sections must be :
14.8.1.1 As-Builts must be provided electronically on DVD/CD;

14.8.1.2 Hard copies must be submitted if requested by the relevant District Manager; and
14.8.1.3 All As-Built drawings must be referenced in the WGS84 co-ordinate system.
A set if As-Built plans services layout plans including longitudinal sections to be provided.
The hard copies should be on standards sheet sizes and no oversized copies will be accepted.
Standard sizes are as follows:
Table 14—1: Drawing Layers
Page Dimensions
A0 841 X 1189
A1 594 X 841
A2 420 X 594
A3 297 X 420
A4 210 X 297
No Telkom or electrical data should be appear on the civil As-built plans or digital data, unless being
asked for by the City of Cape Town
14.8.2 As-Built Drawings
Services must be separated on the drawings. The following information needs to be clearly
indicated on the drawing:
All appropriate Map Layout features
48 | P a g e
1. Title Block
2. Clear Legends indicating all services

Table 14—1:
As Built
3. North Sign
Drawings
4. Scale: e.g. 1:500
5. Date- of all revision should be indicated and final As- built date
6. The name of the Development/ Suburb
7. Street names
8. The correct erf numbers on the erven, comma as well as the

parent erf number servitudes and their widths
9. Revision number (A-Z) with As-Built as revision ZZ.
10. The name in full and signature of the responsible project

manager, contact details, as well as the names of the clients,
consultants, contractor and project number should be on the
As-Built.
11. Surveyor stamp and Signature to be present on all As-Built
plans.
12. Internal, External and Nominal diameters of pipes used be
clearly indicated on plan
13. The name of the manufacturer of e.g. valves/ hydrants and
“Type” be indicated on the plan
14. All Dimensions (from property boundaries) and depths of water
and sewer infrastructure, including house connections/ lead-ins
should be clearly indicated.
15. Co-ordinate lists of the valves, fire hydrants, manholes, metre
positions and leading size etc. should appear on the plans, as
well as in excel spreadsheet format and digitally handed over to
the City of Cape Town.
16. A table, indicating the length of new pipes and/or relays for the
different pipe diameters, class and types, as well as the total
length of roads to be shown individually.
17. A clear locality sketch should be appear on the As-Built plan.
18. The new As-Built data should not be indicated as “proposed”,

and should be certified as As-Built by The Engineer.
19. As-Built to completed and handed over on final inspection to
the representing the City of Cape Town. As-Built completion
and acceptance by the CCT is a requisite before the release of
the final contract payment.
20. The complete electronic data set must be provided in CD/DVD
media with the name of the development , the parent erf
number and the engineering consulting/ company name and
contact details clearly indicated on both the cover and CD disk.
49 | P a g e
14.8.3 As Built Data

14.8.3.1 An electronically produced ASCII file in LYXZ format supplied by an independent surveyor
(post construction survey) of the centre points of all surface boxes (manholes, catchpits,
valves, fire hydrants etc.), and kerb face positions at beginning and end points of all
curves and changes in direction be provided as part of As Built information. Drawings must
be adapted where the difference between Design and As Built exceeds the tolerance of
50mm in XY position and 10mm in Z (height).
14.8.3.2 An ASCII or ACCESS (dbf file) in LYXZ-format of the cover and invert levels of sewer and
stormwater manholes, catchpits, hydrants and valves. The project name, company name
and contact details must appear on the data set.
14.8.3.3 As-Built drawings in electronic AutoCAD.dxf or AutoCAD.dwg (version 2000 or older). No
drawings to be external referenced(x-ref) to master drawing. All drawings to be bound to
master drawing. The above drawing information should also be provided in PDF format.
Grid positions to be indicated on all drawings.
14.8.3.4 All attribute data, i.e. pipe sizes, materials, slopes, cover, lengths and invert levels, clearly
indicated on the layout drawings, positioned at the entity.
14.8.3.5 Drawings produced in different layers for each service.
14.8.4 GIS
Date Format Topology Exceptions

The CAD drawings should be
drawn by layer and not by colour
and the layer names must be
All data supplied to the City of descriptive and containing not
Map Projection: Gauss Conformal
Cape Town should have Spatial more than 8 digits (Each theme
(Transverse Mercator)
Topology type must be drawn on a different
layer)
No YELLOW colour of layers will
be accepted
The capturing direction of line
features (pipes) must reflect the
Datum: Hartebeeshoek 94 gravity (flow) direction of the
sewer pipe (Capture in the flow
direction of the pipes)
Connectivity must be complete,
stipulating that all connected
features snaps accurately to one
Spheroid: WGS 84
another with no under or over
shoots, point- to- line and line-to-
line.
The drawing topologically clean
Scale Factor: 1
with no duplication of features
Central Meridian: 19
Units: International Metre
Spatial Data should be supplied to
the City of CapeTown:ESRI
Formats: ArcView / ArcMap shape
files (*. Shp) with attributes
containing pipe diameters /class,
length, capacity, material and
CL/IL.
50 | P a g e
GENERAL
Post construction survey of the centre points of all surface features (valves, fire
hydrants,manholes,meter positions etc) including kerb and boundary positions at the beginning and
end points of all curves and changes in direction be provided as part of As-Built information.
15. STANDARD DETAIL DRAWINGS INDEX
15.1 List of Standard Drawings

Date of
Description Drawing Number
Drawing
ROADS
BK 2 Kerb and Channel R4-751- sheet 1
BK 4 Kerb and Channel R4-751- sheet 2
MK2 Kerb and Channel R4-751- sheet 3
Edgings R4-751- sheet 7
V Channels R4-751- sheet 8
Triple Flat Channel R4-751- sheet 9
Combination Kerb R4-751- sheet 10
Dish Channel R4-751- sheet 11
Ditch Liner R4-751- sheet 12
Delineator Kerb DK1 R4-751- sheet 13
Kassel Kerb R4-751- sheet 14
Typical Class 3 Cross Section with BRT Lanes R4-752
Typical Cross Section (Preffered) 18 M Road Reserve of R4-753
Mixed Middle Order link (Class 3 Local Distributor)
Typical Cross Section (Cambered) of 12 M Road Reserve of R4- 754/1
Mixed Middle Order Link (Class 5 Access Street)
Typical Cross Section (Cross Fall Not Preferred) of 12 M R4- 754/2
Road Reserve of Mixed Middle Order Link (Class 5 Access
Street)
Typical Cross Section of 10 M Road Reserve of Mixed R4- 755
Middle Order Link (Class 5 Access Street)
Typical Cross Section of 8 M Road Reserve of Mixed Middle R4- 756
Order Link (Class 5 Access Street)
Typical Cross Section Labour Intensive Construction 18 M R4- 757/1
Street)
Typical Cross Section Labour Intensive Construction 10 M R4- 757/2
Street)
Detail of Curve Widening on roads R4- 758
Example of Circle Layout for Middle Order and Lower Order R4-759 sheet 1 of 2
Link Roads
51 | P a g e
Section of Typical Urban Compact Circle R4-759 sheet 1 of 2

Typical Mini Circle for Middle Order and Lower Order Link R4- 760
Roads
Section of Typical Mini Circle R4- 761
Typical Layout of Raised Pedestrian Crossing R4- 762
Typical Speed Hump Detail R4- 763
Pedestrian Crossing for Disabled Persons R4- 764
Taxi and Bus Embayment (Not My-City) R4- 765
Parallel Parking Bays R4- 766
Road Name and Kerb Detail R4- 767
Street Name Plate R4- 768
Bollard R4- 769
Survey Mark R4- 770
Electrical Duct Installation R4- 771 sheet 1-9
Cable Inspection Chamber R4- 772
Council Handrailing R4- 773/1
Standard for Channel Section Fence R4- 773/2
Guardrail Details R4- 774/1
Guardrail Detail R4-774/2
Guardrail Detail R4-774/3
Cable Fence Detail R4-775
Details for Standard Vehicular and Pedestrian Access R4-776
Crossing
Guidelines to retrofit block paving R4-777
Mole Barrier R4-778
Typical Raised Intersection R4-779 sheet 1-2
STORMWATER
Subsurface drains R4-780 sheet 1
Manhole for subsurface drainage R4-780 sheet 2
Stormwater manhole for pipes up to 600mm ø R4-781
Stormwater manhole – section for 675mm ø pipes and larger R4-782 sheet 1
Stormwater manhole – plan for 675 pipes and larger R4-782 sheet 2
Stormwater manhole for pipes 675mm ø and larger benching R4-782 sheet 3
options
Sweep manhole for 750ø and larger R4-783 sheet 1
Sweep manhole for 750ø and larger – Slab detail. R4-783 sheet 2
Double Kerb Inlet – Gully Grid Catchpit R4-784
Double gully grid catchpit R4-785
Stormwater headwall R4-786
Stormwater Culvert (Rocla) R4-787 sheet 1
Reinforcement for wingwalls and floor slabs of box culverts R4-787 sheet 2
Standard 2010 Manhole Cover and Frame R4-788 sheet 1
Standard 2010 Manhole Cover and Frame- Cross Section R4-788 sheet 2
Standard 2010 Manhole Cover and Frame-Stud and opening R4-788 sheet 3
slot detail.
Gully Grid and Frame Detail R4-789
Light Duty stormwater non-return Flap R4-790
Anchor Blocks for Pipes on Steep Slopes R4-791
Oil/Petrol intercepting trap R4-792
52 | P a g e
Limiting Grades- Crimp and Bruges R4-793

GENERAL
Legend for Contract Drawings R4-794
Parking Standards R3-2078
Swing Gate Detail R3-2079
53 | P a g e
SURVEYED
TRANSPORT AND URBAN
DESIGNED DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
CAD
105 MM STREETNAME PLATE
EXAMINED
SPECIFICATION AND DETAIL
SCALE :
N. MNQETA DRAWING NO. R4 - 768
DIRECTOR: HEAD: AS SHOWN T:\PLANS\FILM\Standards for R&S Design
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT IMPLEMENTATION
BUILT ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND DESIGN REVISIONS
SIDEWALK ROAD SURFACE SIDEWALK
1000 1000
DUCT SECTION
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION UNDER ROADWAY

165 225 200 225 225 200 225 165
4 x 110
165
330
165
3 x 160
1630
H Type
165 225 200 225 225 200 225 165
8 x 110
165
580
250
165
6 x 160
1630
J Type
165 225 200 225 225 200 225 225 200 225 165
165
12 x 110
580
250
165
8 x 160
2280
NOTES:
1. DUCTS SHALL BE ENCASED IN CONCRETE WITH A 28 DAY
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 10MPa
K Type
2. SEE TABLE 13.3 FOR DEPTH CLEARANCE
3. PIPE DUCTS TO BE HEAVY DUTY (SDR 34) PVC-U (SANS 791)
4. DUCTS SHALL EXTEND 1m PAST THE KERB ON BOTH SIDES OF THE
ROAD
AT EACH AND SHALL BE LEFT IN EACH DUCT

6. DUCTS SHALL BE SEALED AFTER INSTALLATION BY A DOUBLE
LAYER OF DPC SHEETING TIED AROUND THE ENDS WITH
GALVANISED BINDING WIRE TO PREVENT THE INGRESS OF
OBSTRUCTIONS OR BE SUPPLIED WITH END CAPS
7. THE POSITION OF THE INSTALLED DUCTS TO BE PERMANENTLY
MARKED BY MEANS OF AN EMBOSSED "DUCT" KERB REFER TO
PARAGRAPH 13.5 IN min STANDARDS DOCUMENT
SURVEYED
DESIGNED TRANSPORT AND URBAN
CAD DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
EXAMINED SPECIFICATION FOR INSTALLATION OF DUCT SECTIONS
APPROVED
SCALE :
N. MNQETA DRAWING NO. R4 - 771 SHT 4
DIRECTOR: HEAD:
BUILT ENVIRONMENT INTEGRATED TRANSPORT IMPLEMENTATION AS SHOWN
MANAGEMENT AND DESIGN REVISIONS
DUCT SECTION
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION UNDER ROADWAY

160 240 240 240 190 240 240 240 160
160 240 240 240 190 240 240 240 160
3 x 110
160
560
240
160
12 x 160
280 240 240 215 215 240 240 280
1950
L (F) Type
TO ACCOMMODATE 6 x SC. CABLES FLAT
230 240 240 215 135
2 x 110
160
560
240
160
6 x 160
135 215 240 240 230
1060
P (F) Type
NOTES:
1. DUCTS SHALL BE ENCASED IN CONCRETE WITH A 28 DAY
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 10MPa
2. SEE TABLE 13.3 FOR DEPTH CLEARANCE
3. PIPE DUCTS TO BE HEAVY DUTY (SDR 34) PVC-U (SANS 791)
4. DUCTS SHALL EXTEND 1m PAST THE KERB ON BOTH SIDES OF THE
ROAD
AT EACH AND SHALL BE LEFT IN EACH DUCT

6. DUCTS SHALL BE SEALED AFTER INSTALLATION BY A DOUBLE
LAYER OF DPC SHEETING TIED AROUND THE ENDS WITH
GALVANISED BINDING WIRE TO PREVENT THE INGRESS OF
OBSTRUCTIONS OR BE SUPPLIED WITH END CAPS
7. THE POSITION OF THE INSTALLED DUCTS TO BE PERMANENTLY
MARKED BY MEANS OF AN EMBOSSED "DUCT" KERB REFER TO
PARAGRAPH 13.5 IN min STANDARDS DOCUMENT
SURVEYED
EXAMINED SPECIFICATION FOR INSTALLATION OF DUCT SECTIONS
APPROVED
SCALE :
N. MNQETA DRAWING NO. R4 -771 SHT 5
DIRECTOR: HEAD:
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT
AND DESIGN
1:10
REVISIONS
1000 1000
DUCT SECTION
TYPICAL CROSS
TYPICAL SECTION
CROSS UNDER
SECTION ROADWAY
UNDER ROADWAY
80 240 80 110 80 240 110 240 80 110 80 240 80
100
3x110
480
300
3x160
80
400 110 320 110 320 110 320 80
L (T) TYPE
TO ACCOMMODATE 6x SC. CABLES IN PETROL
80 240 80 110 80 110 80 240 80
100
3x110
480
300
3x160
80
400 300 400

1100
P (T) TYPE
TO ACCOMMODATE 3x SC. CABLES IN TREFOIL
NOTES:
1. DUCTS SHALL BE ENCASED IN CONCRETE WITH A
28 DAY COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 10 MPa.
2. ALL DUCTS SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM CLEARANCE
OF 750 mm BETWEEN ROAD SURFACE AND TOP
OF DUCT / DUCT ENCASEMENT.
3. PIPE DUCTS SHALL BE HEAVY DUTY (SDR 34)
PVC-U (SANS 791)
4. DUCTS SHALL EXTEND 1m PAST THE KERB ON ON
BOTH SIDES OF THE ROAD.
5.
2m FREE LENGTH AT EACH AND SHALL BE LEFT IN
EACH DUCT.
6. DUCTS SHALL BE SEALED AFTER INSTALLATION BY
A DOUBLE LAYER OF DPC SHEETING TIED
AROUND THE ENDS WITH GALVANIZED BINDING
SURVEYED WIRE TO PREVENT THE INGRESS OF
EXAMINED STREET NAME AND SUBURB
APPROVED DESCRIPTION OF DESIGN
SCALE :
DIRECTOR: HEAD:
BUILT ENVIRONMENT INTEGRATED TRANSPORT IMPLEMENTATION
1000 1000
DUCT SECTION
TYPICALCROSS
TYPICAL CROSSSECTION
SECTIONUNDER
UNDERROADWAY
ROADWAY
160 240 240 215 240 215 240 240 160
12x160
160
560
240
160
3x110
280 240 240 215 215 240 240 280
1950
L (F 160) TYPE
230 240 240 215 135
6 x160
160
560
240
2x110
160
135 215 240 240 230
P (F 160) TYPE
NOTES:
PVC-U (SANS 791)
3. THE POSITION OF THE INSTALLED DUCTS TO BE
PERMANENTLY MARKED IN AN APPROVED
MANNER (PAINT NOT ACCEPTABLE)
SURVEYED
SCALE :
DIRECTOR: HEAD:
1000 1000
DUCT SECTION
TYPICALCROSS
SECTIONUNDER
UNDERROADWAY
ROADWAY 185 290 290 255 280 255 290 290 185
185 290 290 255 280 255 290 290 185
12x210
200
700
300
200
3x110
325 290 290 255 255 290 290 325
2320
L ( F 210) TYPE
245 290 290 255 135
6x210
200
700
300
200
2x110
135 255 290 290 245
P ( F 210) TYPE
NOTES:
PVC-U (SANS 791)
SURVEYED
SCALE :
DIRECTOR: HEAD:
1000 1000
DUCT SECTION
TYPICALCROSS
SECTIONUNDER
UNDERROADWAY
ROADWAY
160 285 285 285 285 285 285 160
3x250
160
560
240
8x160
160
2030
M TYPE
TO ACCOMMODATE 2 x 3 CORE CABLES
160 285 285 285 285 285 285 285 285 160
4x250
160
560
10x160 240
160
2600
N TYPE
TO ACCOMMODATE 2 x 3 CORE CABLES
NOTES:
PVC-U (SANS 791)
SURVEYED
SCALE :
DIRECTOR: HEAD:
TYPE 'A' TYPE 'B' FLANGES CURVED ROUND AT
FLANGES CURVED
ROUND AT TOP TOP AND WELDED
AND WELDED
75
120
75
300
300
340
TYPE 'A' TYPE 'B' FLANGES CURVED ROUND AT
FLANGES CURVED
ROUND AT TOP TOP AND WELDED
AND WELDED
75
120
75
51 mm DIA.
300
300
51 mm DIA. 51 mm DIA. HOLES
340
340
HOLES HOLES
1365
1365
610
1365
610
38
51 mm DIA.
51 mm DIA. 51 mm DIA. HOLES
340
1365
3351365
HOLES HOLES
610
1365
76
610
38
A A
150
76
SECTION A-A
GROUND LEVEL 335 A A
150
SECTION A-A
380
GROUND LEVEL POSTS SET IN CONCRETE
230
230
i.e. ADJACENT TO TOP
380
POSTSWALLS,
OF RETAINING SET IN CONCRETE
ETC.
500230
230
i.e. ADJACENT TO TOP

500
OF RETAINING WALLS, ETC.

500
500
300x300x500 300x300x500
CONCRETE CONCRETE TYPE 'A'TYPE 'A' STANDARD
STANDARD
300 300
300 300
SECTIONS OF STANCHIONS
SECTIONS OF STANCHIONS
SURVEYED
TRANSPORT AND URBAN
CAD
EXAMINED STANDARD FOR CHANNEL SECTION FENCE
SCALE :
N. MNQETA DRAWING NO. R4 - 773 /2
HEAD:
DIRECTOR: INTEGRATED TRANSPORT IMPLEMENTATION 1:20
PEDESTRIAN GATE
VEHICULAR GATE
VE
RESER
ROADUNDARY
BO
W DGING
BOUNDAR
Y ID ARY E
D E TH BOUND GING
UN M A OF E D
E SIDE
VERG VE
RG E
E
'V' UNMAD AY
1,0m ( IN FOOTW
GING mm
ARY ED RB
BOUND ED KE )
F DIPP
UNMADE G AND O
PENIN
FOOTWAY WIDT H OF O ENT DGING
PAVEM SIDE E
L DEPTH OF
1,0m OVERAL
FULL HEIGHT KERB

GING 's'
D
E1 E 'k'
CHANNEL
Y
WA
OOT
E DF REFER DWG R4/ 751 /1
FAC FOR BEDDING DETAIL
SUR
DIPPED KERB
NOTES
METHOD OF DETERMINING BOUNDARY LEVEL WHERE VERGES ARE UNMADE.
PREFERRED SLOPE 3%
EDGING NOT REQUIRED WHERE
ADJOINING SURFACE IS MAX 150 MM IRRESPECTIVE OF THE VERGE WIDTH EXCEEDS 5M
CONSTRUCTED IN ASPHALT, THE MINIMUM SLOPE HEIGHT 's' min. = V x 2 (2% SLOPE)
SLABS E.T.C. 100
THE MAXIMUM SLOPE HEIGHT 's' max. = V x 4 (4% SLOPE)
100
HEIGHT OF EXISTING KERB FROM ROAD EDGE 'k'
(IF No. KERB EXISTS, ASSUME 'k' = 110)
THE BOUNDARY LEVEL ABOVE THE ROAD EDGE MAY
VARY BETWEEN 's' min. + 'k' AND 's' max. + 'k'
SURVEYED
TRANSPORT AND URBAN
CAD DETAILS FOR STANDARD VEHICULAR
EXAMINED AND PEDESTRIAN ACCESS CROSSING
SCALE :
N. MNQETA DRAWING NO. R4 - 776
ASPHALT SURFACING
1,5m
MIN 30 m
c
W332
MIN 5.5 m
MIN 5.5 m
c
A A
ASPHALT RAMP
W332
R9
MIN 30 m
B
R1
DIPPED KERB
MIN 30 m
W332
MIN 5.5 m
TYPICAL RAISED INTERSECTION
LAYOUT
SCALE 1:200
1000
80mm ASPHALT
40 mm ASPHALT 40mm ASPHALT
LAYERWORKS AS PER LAYERWORKS AS PER
PAVEMENT DESIGN PAVEMENT DESIGN
SECTION A-A
SCALE 1:50
500 80mm ASPHALT

NOTES:
1. PAINTING MUST BE DONE 24HRS AFTER
COMPLETION OF ASPHALT WORK.
2. SIZE OF ROAD SIGNS:
R-SERIES: 900mm
SECTION B-B W SERIES: 900mm
3. POSITION OF ROAD SIGNS VARIES
SCALE 1:25 ACCORDING TO SITE.
4. ALL ROADMARKINGS MUST BE PAINTED
500 WITH RETRO-REFLECTIVE ROAD MARKING
PAINT.
5. ALL ROAD SIGNS AND MARKINGS TO
COMPLY WITH THE SOUTH AFRICAN
DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY ROAD
TRAFFIC SIGNS MANUAL (SADC RTSM).
6. THE HEIGHT SHOULD AT ALL POINTS BE A
LAYERWORKS AS PER PAVEMENT DESIGN FIXED DISTANCE ABOVE THE UNDERLYING
STREET LEVEL. THE SHAPE OF THE TABLE
SHOULD RESEMBLE THE SHAPE OF THE
SECTION C-C UNDERLYING STREET.
SCALE 1:25
SURVEYED
EXAMINED
APPROVED
SCALE :
3000
c
W332 R1
c
5500
A A
5500
ASPHALT RAMP
W332
B
R1
B 3000
R1
3000
W332
5500

LAYOUT
SCALE 1:200
200
200 mm WHITE LINE

400 mm SPACE
NOTES:
1. PAINTING MUST BE DONE 24HRS AFTER
COMPLETION OF ASPHALT WORK.
2. SIZE OF ROAD SIGNS:
R-SERIES: 900mm
W SERIES: 900mm
3. POSITION OF ROAD SIGNS VARIES
ACCORDING TO SITE.
ROADMARKING WM10 4. ALL ROADMARKINGS MUST BE PAINTED
SCALE 1:100 WITH RETRO-REFLECTIVE ROAD MARKING
PAINT.
5. ALL ROAD SIGNS AND MARKINGS TO
COMPLY WITH THE SOUTH AFRICAN
DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY ROAD TRAFFIC
500 SIGNS MANUAL (SADC RTSM).
6. THE HEIGHT SHOULD AT ALL POINTS BE A
FIXED DISTANCE ABOVE THE UNDERLYING
STREET LEVEL. THE SHAPE OF THE TABLE
SHOULD RESEMBLE THE SHAPE OF THE
SECTION B-B UNDERLYING STREET.
SCALE 1:50
SURVEYED
EXAMINED
APPROVED
SCALE :
Concrete slab Concrete slab
grade 20/19 grade 20/19
trowel finish trowel finish
1:6 1:6
220mm or 330mm
220mm or 330mm
Brickwork
Brickwork
Concrete pipe 1:6
entering
Concrete benching
1:6 Concrete benching
grade 20/19 Concrete pipe
smooth trowel finish 1:6 grade 20/19
smooth trowel finish 1:6 entering
Concrete pipe
Concrete pipe
Not Recommended
Concrete slab Concrete slab

grade 20/19 grade 20/19
trowel finish trowel finish
1:6 1:6
220mm or 330mm 220mm or 330mm
Brickwork Brickwork
Concrete benching Concrete benching

grade 20/19 1:6 1:6
grade 20/19
smooth trowel finish 1:6 smooth trowel finish 1:6
Concrete pipe
entering
Concrete pipe Concrete pipe

Concrete pipe
entering
SURVEYED
TRANSPORT AND URBAN
CAD
EXAMINED CABLE FENCE DETAIL
SCALE :
HEAD:
DIRECTOR: INTEGRATED TRANSPORT IMPLEMENTATION 1:20

Standards For Roads and Stormwater Design (Including DWGS) RevD

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Standards For Roads and Stormwater Design (Including DWGS) RevD

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Standards for Roads

Physical Address Postal Address

Copyright 2017 by the City of Cape Town

No Date Section Description

1 July 2014 Review of document

1.1 Purpose of These Guidelines

1.5 Site Specific Conditions and Future Developments

Special or unique design situations must be addressed on a case by case basis.

1.6 Design Approval

1.7 Legal Background

2.1 Bibliography of Relevant Codes of Practice, Policies and Guidelines

2.1.15 UTG 5: Geometric Design of Urban Collector Roads

The planning process needs to respond to the following inputs:

2.3 Town Planning

2.3.2 On Site Parking Requirements

Consult web for latest version.

2.3.3 Setbacks for Garages, Carports and Security Gates

2.3.4 Setbacks for Access Gates at ‘High Generator’ Driveways

Table 2—1: Stacking Space in front of Access Gates

Number of Units served Required Stacking Space

3. >40 Site Specific Requirements

2.3.5 Gates: general requirements

Guidelines for Sliding Gates, Director: Roads and Stormwater, 1995-08-08

National Building Regulations

As at March 2017, hyperlink:

2.4 Road Planning Standards

2.4.2 Design Speed

2.4.3 Road Reserve Characteristics

The City Of Cape Town’s Development Management Scheme

The South African Building Regulations

Provision for on-street parking should be considered at the following locations:

2.4.5 Waste / Refuse and Emergency Vehicles

2.4.6 Public Transport

Refer to:- Non-Motorised Policy and Strategy Volume 1

2.4.8 Traffic Control at Intersections

2.4.9 Traffic Calming

2.4.10 Road Widening for Recreational Purposes (“Woonerf” Concept)

2.4.10.1 Recreational purposes (children’s play area)

2.4.10.2 Refuse collection (wheelie bin or black bag storage space)

Boundary Walls and Fences Policy

Consult web for latest version.

South African Road Safety Manual Volume 6, Part C: Traffic Barriers

2.4.12.8 Bullnose end pieces must be used.

2.4.14 Street Name Signs

Consult web for latest version

2.5 Cross Section Requirements

Table 2—2: Cross Section requirements for a Class 3, District Distributor

1. Road Reserve width 40 meters

Table 2—3: Cross Section requirements for a Class 4, Local Distributor

1. Road Reserve width 20 meters 18 meters

2. Roadway width (excl. channel) 2 x 3.4 m lanes 2 x 3.4 m lanes

5. Kerb Type BK2 BK2 #

6. Cross Fall / Camber Camber Camber

1. Road Reserve width 12 meters 10 meters 8 meters

2. Roadway width (excl. channel) 5.5 m 5.5 m 4.5 m

5. Kerb Type / Erf Frontage < 10 m CK5 CK5 CK5

6. Cross Fall / Camber Camber Camber Camber

Barrier kerbs must be used on all curves at intersections. BK 2 or BK 4

1. Road Reserve Width 6m

2. Roadway Width (surfaced) 3.0 m

3. Verge Width 2 x 1.5 m

5. Kerb Type CK5 / E1 or E1 both sides

6 Camber / Cross-fall Cross-fall