Community as Client: Applying the

Nursing Process

prepared by : Dr . Soad Alnassry

 ‫ ھﻮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻮن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬

Definitions ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت‬.‫اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎ أو اﻻھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎت أو اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ أو اﻷھﺪاف اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬

.‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺪارس واﻟﮭﯿﺌﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬، ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬

• A community: is a collection of people interacting with one

another because of geography, common interests,
characteristics, or goals. These interactions include social
institutions, such as schools, government agencies, and social
services.
• The concept of community as client refers to a group or
population of people as the focus of nursing service
‫ﯾﺸﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﮭﻮم اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻛﻌﻤﯿﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮭﻢ ﻣﺤﻮر ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬

Healthy community
‫ﻣﺎ ھﻮ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ؟ ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ أن ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﺮد ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺔ‬
.‫ ﻓﺈن ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺔ‬، ‫وﺳﺘﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﺎق اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻛﻮﻧﮭﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮد ﻏﯿﺎب اﻟﻤﺮض وﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻷﺷﯿﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺰز اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺟﻮدة ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﯿﺎة واﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬

• What is a healthy community? Just as health for an

individual is relative and will change, all communities
exist in a relative state of health. A community’s health can
be viewed within the context of health being more than just the
absence of disease and including things that promote the
maintenance of a high quality of life and productivity
 ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ أھﺪاف ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻷﻣﺔ‬
Healthy community-Cont,d
Four overarching goals for the health of the nation
1. To attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease,
disability, injury, and premature death
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺟﻮدة ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ وﺣﯿﺎة أطﻮل ﺧﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ واﻟﻌﺠﺰ واﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﻮﻓﺎة‬
2. To achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮة‬
health of all groups ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ واﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻮارق وﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻔﺌﺎت‬
3. To create social and physical environments that promote good
health for all ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ ﺑﯿﺌﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ وﻣﺎدﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﺰز اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﺠﯿﺪة ﻟﻠﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬

4. To promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy

behaviors across all life stages ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺰﯾﺰ ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺤﯿﺎة واﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ واﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﯿﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬
 ‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻮطﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أوﻟﻮﯾﺎت اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬
.‫ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﯾﺰ اﻟﺠﮭﻮد اﻟﻮطﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬2011 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬، 2020 ‫اﻷﺻﺤﺎء‬
‫ﺳﺎ ﻗﻮﯾًﺎ ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﺟﮭﻮد اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼدﻧﺎ وﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
ً ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮭﺎت اﻹﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ أﺳﺎ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﮫ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ‬
• Healthy community-Cont,d

• The National Prevention Strategy (NPS), largely based on Healthy

People 2020 priorities, was developed in 2011 to further national
health improvement efforts.
• The strategic directions provide a strong foundation for all of our
nation’s prevention efforts and include core recommendations
necessary to build a prevention-oriented society.
 ‫أﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﻮﻓﺎة واﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﺨﻄﯿﺮة‬
Healthy community-Cont,d
Causes of preventable death and major illness

1.Includes,tobacco-free living, preventing drug abuse and

excessive alcohol use.
2.Healthy eating, active living, free from injury and
violence,free living reproductive and sexual health
3.Mental and emotional well-being
.‫ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺗﻌﺎطﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات واﻹﻓﺮاط ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺎطﻲ اﻟﻜﺤﻮل‬، ‫ ﯾﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﯿﺶ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺪﺧﯿﻦ‬-1
‫ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ واﻟﺠﻨﺴﯿﺔ‬، ‫ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷذى واﻟﻌﻨﻒ‬، ‫ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﻨﺸﯿﻄﺔ‬، ‫ اﻷﻛﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬.2
‫ اﻟﺮﻓﺎه اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ واﻟﻌﺎطﻔﻲ‬.3
 DIMENSIONS OF THE COMMUNITY
AS CLIENT ‫أﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻛﻌﻤﯿﻞ‬

1. Status/people
-morbidity and mortality data identifying the physical, emotional,
and social determinants of health (SDH). ‫ اﻟﻨﺎس‬/ ‫ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬.1
‫ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺮاﺿﺔ واﻟﻮﻓﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪد اﻟﻤﺤﺪدات اﻟﺠﺴﺪﯾﺔ‬-
2. Structure of a community ‫)واﻟﻌﺎطﻔﯿﺔ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺔ‬.
2. ‫ھﯿﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
-refers to its services and resources. .‫ ﺗﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﮭﺎ وﻣﻮاردھﺎ‬-
‫ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻔﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬.3
3. Process reflects the community’s ability to function effectively.
 Dimensions of the community as client -
Cont,d ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر آﺧﺮ‬
‫ واﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺔ‬، ‫ وﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬، ‫ ﺣﺪود اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬:‫ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬-1
Another perspective .‫ واﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﮭﺎ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬، ‫ واﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت واﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬، ‫ واﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬،

1.Location :community boundaries, location of health services, geographic

features, climate, flora and fauna, and the human-made environment. ‫ﺣﺪود اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻓﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﺮض داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺔ‬
ü Community Boundaries ‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﺪود ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬
• Measurements of wellness and illness within a community depend on defining the
outer geographic limits of the unit under consideration and also the more informal
boundaries that are present ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻣﻤﺮﺿﺔ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻤﺮاﻛﺰ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬، ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
ü Location of Health Services ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮭﺎ‬
• When assessing a community, the community health nurse needs to identify the
major health centers and know where they are located
 Dimensions of the community as client -
Cont,d
üGeographic Features
• Communities have been constructed in every conceivable
physical environment, and environment certainly can
affect the health of a community
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺔ‬
‫ وﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺆﺛﺮ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﯿﺪ‬، ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ﻣﺎدﯾﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻮرھﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
 Dimensions of the community as client -
Cont,d
üClimate
• Winter weather patterns are expected to become more variable as
average global temperatures continually increase. Research
findings indicate that there is a relationship between temperature
variability and health outcomes.
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ أﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﻄﻘﺲ اﻟﺸﺘﻮي أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻘﻠﺒًﺎ ﻣﻊ زﯾﺎدة ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ‬
.‫ ﺗﺸﯿﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ إﻟﻰ وﺟﻮد ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﺐ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬
 Dimensions of the community as client -
Cont,d
Flora and Fauna
Plant and animal populations in a community are often determined
by location. The way a community responds to these populations,
whether wild or domesticated, can affect the health of the
community.
‫اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت واﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬
‫ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت واﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
.‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬، ‫ ﺳﻮاء أﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﯾﺔ أم ﻣﺪﺟﻨﺔ‬،‫ﯾﺴﺘﺠﯿﺐ ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﮭﻢ‬
 Dimensions of the community as client -
Cont,d
2. Population variables: size, density, composition or demography, rate
of growth or decline, cultural characteristics, social class structure, and mobility
üThe size of a community also influences the presence of inadequate
housing, the heterogeneity of the population, and almost every conceivable
aspect of health needs and services ، ‫ واﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ أو اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻮﻏﺮاﻓﯿﺎ‬، ‫ واﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬، ‫ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬:‫ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬.2
‫ واﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬، ‫ وﺑﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬، ‫ واﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬، ‫وﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻨﻤﻮ أو اﻟﺘﺪھﻮر‬
Knowing a community’s size provides community health nurses with important
information for planning. ً ‫ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ أﯾ‬
‫ وﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒًﺎ‬، ‫ وﻋﺪم ﺗﺠﺎﻧﺲ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬، ‫ﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮد ﺳﻜﻦ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻻﺋﻖ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻮره ﻣﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬
.‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﻲ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ‬
 Dimensions of the community as client -
Cont,d
üDensity In some communities, thousands of people are crowded into
high-rise apartment buildings. In others, such as farm communities,
people live great distances from one another.
üComposition/Demographics Communities differ in the types of
people who live within their boundaries. A community whose
members are mostly older than age 65 has one set of interests and
concerns, whereas a city with a large number of women in their
childbearing years will have another set of concerns.
، ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ‬، ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ أﺧﺮى‬.‫ ﯾﺘﻜﺪس آﻻف اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺴﻜﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﺎھﻘﺔ‬، ‫اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت‬
.‫ﯾﻌﯿﺶ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻌﯿﺪة ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ أﻓﺮاده‬.‫ اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻮﻏﺮاﻓﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ أﻧﻮاع اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﻌﯿﺸﻮن داﺧﻞ ﺣﺪودھﺎ‬/ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻦ أن اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻋﺪد ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﻮات اﻹﻧﺠﺎب‬، ‫ ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻻھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎت واﻻھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬65 ‫أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
.‫ﻟﺪﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻻھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬
 Dimensions of the community as client -Cont,d

üRate of Growth or Decline Community populations change over time.

Some grow rapidly. The growth as a popular place to live has placed extreme
demands on the environment, along with the provision of health care and
other services. Other populations may experience a decline because of
economic change ‫ أدى اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬.‫ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﯾﻨﻤﻮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬.‫ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻨﻤﻮ أو اﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
üCultural Characteristics ‫ضﻰﺑ ﺟﺴﺎﺒﻧﺐﺐ اﻟﺗﺘﻮﻐﻓﯿﯿﯿﺮﺮ ااﻟﻻﺮﻗﺘﻋﺎﯾﺼﺔﺎداﻟيﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬
‫ إﻟ‬، ‫ﻛﻤﻜﺎن ﺷﻌﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﯿﮫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﺪﯾﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬
‫ ﻗﺪ ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﻵﺧﺮون ﻣﻦ اﻧﺨﻔﺎ‬.‫واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‬
• A community it may be made up of many cultures or subcultures. ‫اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬
• These differences can create conflicting or competing demands for resources
and services or create intergroup hostility. .‫ﻗﺪ ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت أو اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻔﺮﻋﯿﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺨﻠﻖ ھﺬه اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺘﻀﺎرﺑﺔ أو ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮارد واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت أو ﺗﺨﻠﻖ‬
.‫ﻋﺪاء ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬
 Dimensions of the community as client -
Cont,d
üSocial Class and Educational Level Social class refers to the
ranking of groups within society by income, education, occupation,
social class, or a combination of these factors.
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﻲ ﺗﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
üMobility .‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺪﺧﻞ أو اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ أو اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺔ أو اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ أو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬
‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬
People move to go to college, take a new job, join other family members
or friends, or seek a new climate after retirement. This mobility has a
direct effect on the health of communities. If the population turnover is
extensive, continuity of services may suffer.
‫ أو اﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎم إﻟﻰ أﻓﺮاد اﻷﺳﺮة أو‬، ‫ أو اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ وظﯿﻔﺔ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬، ‫ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻟﻠﺬھﺎب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫ ھﺬا اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﮫ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ‬.‫ أو اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺎخ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ‬، ‫اﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬
.‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ اﺳﺘﻤﺮارﯾﺔ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬، ‫ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﺪل دوران اﻟﺴﻜﺎن واﺳﻊ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬.‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت‬
 Dimensions of the community as client -
Cont,d ‫ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬.3
، ‫ واﻟﺮﻓﺎھﯿﺔ‬، ‫ واﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬، ‫ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬، ‫ واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬، ‫ واﻷﺳﺮة‬، ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬
3. Social System ‫ ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎن ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ أو‬.‫ واﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻠﯿﺔ‬، ‫ واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬، ‫ واﻟﺘﺮﻓﯿﮭﯿﺔ‬، ‫واﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺄﻣﺮاض ﻋﻘﻠﯿﺔ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ أو ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﻦ‬
• These variables include health, family, economic, educational, religion,
welfare, political, recreational, legal, and communication. Whether assessing a
community’s health, developing new services for the mentally ill within the
community, or promoting the health of the elderly
• The Health Care Delivery System as Part of the Social System
• Although community health nurses must examine all the systems in a
community and must understand how they interact, the health system is of
particular importance. ‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﮫ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻤﺮﺿﺎت ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
.‫ إﻻ أن اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻟﮫ أھﻤﯿﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬، ‫وﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻔﮭﻤﻮا ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﮭﺎ‬
 THE NURSING PROCESS APPLIED TO
THE COMMUNITY AS CLIENT
.‫ وﺗﻮﻓﺮ ھﯿﻜًﻼ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﯾﻈﻞ أداة ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻤﺮﺿﺔ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬، ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﮭﺠﯿﺔ وھﺎدﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬
• Consisting of a systematic, purposeful set of interpersonal actions, the nursing
process provides a structure for change that remains a viable tool employed by the
community health nurse. ‫ إﻧﮭﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﺞ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬، ً‫أوﻻ‬
.‫ﺑﮭﺪف اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮض وﺗﻌﺰﯾﺰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
ü First , it is problem-solving process that addresses community health problems at
every aggregate level with the goals of preventing illness and promoting public
health..‫ إﻧﮭﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ إدارﯾﺔ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ واﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘﺮار واﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ واﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ واﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ واﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻓﻀﻼً ﻋﻦ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬، ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿًﺎ‬
ü Second, it is a management process that requires situational analysis, decision-
making, planning, organization, direction, and control of services, as well as
outcome evaluation.
ü Third, it is a process for implementing changes that improve the function of various
health-related systems and the ways that people behave within those systems.
.‫ إﻧﮭﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ وظﯿﻔﺔ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﺼﺮف ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﻨﺎس داﺧﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬، ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ًﺎ‬
 Nursing process characteristics .‫ ﺗﺪاوﻟﻲ‬.1
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻤﺎرس ﻣﻤﺮﺿﺎت ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﻜﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻞ واﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘﺮارات‬
1. Deliberative. .‫اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ‬
• Community health nurses often practice in situations that demand the ability to
think independently and make difficult decisions. ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﯿﻒ‬.2
2. Adaptable ‫إن طﺒﯿﻌﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻤﺮﺿﺔ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﯿﻒ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وأن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬
• Its dynamic nature enables the community health nurse to adjust appropriately
to each situation and to be flexible in applying the process to aggregate health
needs. ‫ دوري‬.3
3. Cyclical .‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﺾ دورﯾﺔ وﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
.‫ واﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ‬، ‫ واﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ‬، ‫ واﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬، ‫ وﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬، ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺔ ﺗﺸﺎرك ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
• The nursing process is cyclical and in constant progression.
• The nurse engages in continual interaction, data collection, analysis,
intervention, and evaluation.
4.Client Focused
• The nursing process is client focused; it is used for and with
clients. Community health nurses use the nursing process for the
express purpose of addressing the health of populations.
‫ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﯿﻞ‬.4
‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻤﺮﺿﺎت ﺻﺤﺔ‬.‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﯿﻞ ؛ ﯾﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء وﻣﻌﮭﻢ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﻟﻐﺮض ﺻﺮﯾﺢ وھﻮ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬
 ‫ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻲ‬.5
5. Interactive .‫ ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺸﺎرك اﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺔ واﻟﻌﻤﻼء ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﻓﺮاد‬، ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﯿﺔ‬
• The nursing process is interactive, in that nurse and clients are engaged in a
process of ongoing interpersonal communication. ‫ ﻣﻮﺟﮫ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬.6
‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺔ‬، ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت ھﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﯿﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬
6. Need Oriented
ً ‫ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ أﯾ‬
.‫ﻀﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﻟﺘﻮﻗﻊ اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﯿﻞ وﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬
• Although problem solving is certainly an appropriate use of the nursing
process, the community health nurse can also use the nursing process to
anticipate client needs and prevent problems.
Interacting with the Community
• All steps of the nursing process depend on reciprocal interaction,
communication , paving way for helping relationship, aggregate application
• When a community health nurse initially contacts a group of community
leaders, for example, any information the nurse may have in advance can give
only partial clues to that group’s needs and wants. Through open and honest
sharing, the nurse (and others on the health team) will begin to develop trust
and establish lines of effective communication.
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ واﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬، ‫ وﺗﻤﮭﯿﺪ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬، ‫ واﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ‬، ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﺧﻄﻮات ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدل‬
‫ ﻓﺈن أي ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﺪى‬، ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬، ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻤﺮﺿﺔ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﯾﺔ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎدة اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
، ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ واﻟﺼﺎدﻗﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘًﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻌﻄﻲ أدﻟﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ورﻏﺒﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬
.‫ﺳﺘﺒﺪأ اﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺔ )وآﺧﺮون ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ( ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﺜﻘﺔ وإﻧﺸﺎء ﺧﻄﻮط اﺗﺼﺎل ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬
Forming Partnerships and Building Coalitions
• The nurse collaborate with other professionals. Usually, the nurse is part of
an organized team, separate from the agency that employs the nurse. The
team is brought together with the goal of improving the health of the
community.
‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ اﻟﺸﺮاﻛﺎت وﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎت‬
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬، ‫ ﻋﺎدةً ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺔ ﺟﺰًءا ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﺎون ﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻓﯿﻦ آﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬
.‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﮭﺪف ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬.‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮظﻒ اﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺔ‬
 Types of Community Needs Assessment
‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ ﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
Community health assessment-is the process of determining the real or
perceived needs of a defined community.
TYPES : .‫ ھﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻮرة ﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺤﺪد‬- ‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
:‫اﻷﻧﻮاع‬
1. Familiarization
Familiarization assessment involves studying data already available on a
community and then gathering a certain amount of firsthand data in order to
gain a working knowledge of the community. ‫ اﻟﺘﻌﺎرف‬.1
‫ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺂﻟﻒ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺛﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻛﺘﺴﺎب ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
 Types of Community Needs Assessment-Cont,d
.‫ ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ واﺣﺪة وﯾﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬، ‫ اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﮫ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬.2
‫ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬.3
2. Problem-oriented assessment, begins with a single problem and assesses the
community in terms of that problem. ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻤﺮﺿﺔ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑُﻌﺪ‬، ‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
3. Community Sub-system Assessment‫ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺮر اﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺔ إﺟﺮاء ﻣﺴﺢ‬، ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ واﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿﺔ ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف دورھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
• In community subsystem assessment, the community health nurse focuses on a
single dimension of community life. For example, the nurse might decide to survey
churches and religious organizations to discover their roles in the community. ‫ اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬.4
‫ﯾﺴﻌﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﯿﺔ‬
4. Comprehensive Assessment ‫ ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة وﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﯿًﺎ‬.‫ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬
• Comprehensive assessment seeks to discover all relevant community health.‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
information. It begins with a review of existing studies and all the data presently
available on the community.
Types of Community Needs Assessment-Cont,d

5.Community Assets Assessment

• This method of assessment focuses on the strengths and capacities of a
community rather than its problems

‫ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬-5

‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ طﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ ھﺬه ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻘﻮة واﻟﻘﺪرات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﮫ‬
 COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT
‫طﺮق ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ METHODS ‫ اﻟﻤﺴﻮﺣﺎت‬.1
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺢ ھﻮ طﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
1. Surveys ‫ ﺗ ُﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﺳﺘﻄﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﺮ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻔﯿﺪة ﻋﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺼﺎدر أﺧﺮى أو ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﺼﺎدر أﺧﺮى‬
• A survey is an assessment method in which a series of questions is used to
collect data for analysis of a specific group or area. Surveys are commonly
used to provide a broad range of data that will be helpful when used with
other sources or if other sources are not available. ‫ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﯿﺔ‬.2
‫اﻟﺬي ﯾﻔﺤﺺ ﻣﻘﺪار وﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻣﺮض أو ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
2. Descriptive Epidemiologic Studies ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ واﻟﻤﻜﺎن واﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬
• which examines the amount and distribution of a disease or health condition
in a population by person, place and time
 Community Assessment Methods-Cont,d
‫ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺪﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﯿﺔ ووﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬.3
‫ ﯾﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ ﺟﻮار اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬.‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺪى اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻲ أو اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ھﻮ أﺳﻠﻮب ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ آراء اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
.‫ رﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺎﻟﺔ أﻟﻌﺎب رﯾﺎﺿﯿﺔ أو ﻗﺎﻋﺔ اﺣﺘﻔﺎﻻت‬، ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬
3. Community Forums and Social Media
• The community forum or town hall meeting is a qualitative assessment method
designed to obtain community opinions. It takes place in the neighborhood of the
people involved, perhaps in a school gymnasium or an auditorium.
4. Focus Groups
• Is similar to the community forum or town hall meeting in that it is designed to
obtain grassroots opinion. However, it has some differences. First, only a small
group of participants, usually 5 to 15 people, is present. The members chosen for
the group are homogeneous with respect to specific demographic variables. ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ‬.4
، ً‫ أوﻻ‬.‫ ھﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت‬، ‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﯾﺸﺒﮫ ﻣﻨﺘﺪى اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ أو اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ أﻧﮫ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ رأي ﺷﻌﺒﻲ‬
‫ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرون ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﻮن ﻓﯿﻤﺎ‬.‫ﺼﺎ‬
ً ‫ ﺷﺨ‬15 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬5 ‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬، ‫ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺳﻮى ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﯿﻦ‬
.‫ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات دﯾﻤﻮﻏﺮاﻓﯿﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة‬
 ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
SOURCES OF COMMUNITY DATA
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻷوﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬
1. ‫ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﺤﺪث إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس‬:‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻷوﻟﯿﺔ‬
• Primary and Secondary Sources
1. Primary data :Information gathered by talking to people
2. Secondary data : health team members, client records, community health
(vital) statistics, census data, reference books, research reports
3. International data : are collected by several agencies, including the World
Health Organization (WHO) and its six regional offices and health
organizations ، (‫ إﺣﺼﺎءات ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ )اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬، ‫ ﺳﺠﻼت اﻟﻌﻤﻼء‬، ‫ أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬:‫ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬.2
‫ اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﯾﺮ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﯿﺔ‬، ‫ اﻟﺪﻓﺎﺗﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﯿﺔ‬، ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻌﺪاد‬
‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ وﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﮭﺎ اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬، ‫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﺪة وﻛﺎﻻت‬:‫ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ‬.3
‫اﻟﺴﺘﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬
 Sources Of Community Data-Cont,d
‫ ﻣﺼﺎدر وطﻨﯿﺔ‬.4
4. National sources ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﻲ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ ﺛﺮوة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ وﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻮطﻨﯿﺔ‬
• Community health nurses can access a wealth of official and nonofficial
sources of national data
5. State and Local Sources
• the most significant state source of assessment data comes from the state
health department. This official agency is responsible for collecting state vital
statistics and morbidity data. ‫ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ واﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ‬.5
‫ ھﺬه اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ‬.‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻷﻛﺜﺮ أھﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ ﻣﻦ وزارة اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﯾﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻹﺣﺼﺎءات اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺪوﻟﺔ وﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺮاﺿﺔ‬
 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت وﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﮭﺎ‬
Data Analysis and Diagnosis
.‫ ھﻞ ھﻲ دﻗﯿﻘﺔ وﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن؟ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ إﻋﺎدة ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ واﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬:‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬
.‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺬاﺗﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬
• Data validation: Are they accurate, complete, representative of the
population .Data can be rechecked by the community assessment team and
others. Subjective and objective data can be compared.
• Data analysis : Some computer programs are designed to analyze
community assessment data. For large, complex, or ongoing community
assessment plans
• Data interpretation: the ever-present danger exists of making inaccurate
assumptions and diagnoses.
‫ ﻟﺨﻄﻂ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة واﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪة واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة‬.‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬:‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬
.‫ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺧﻄﺮ داﺋﻢ ﯾﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎت وﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬:‫ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬
 :‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت وﺟﺪوﻟﺘﮭﺎ‬.‫ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر وﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪة وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﮭﻢ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺰﻣﻼء‬.‫ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ رؤﯾﺔ اﻷﻧﻤﺎط واﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت‬، ‫وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﮭﺎ وﺗﻮﻟﯿﻔﮭﺎ‬
‫واﻟﺰﻣﻼء واﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺧﺒﺮاﺗﮭﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ ﺻﯿﺎﻏﺔ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬- ‫ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬------- ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬------ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬

Community Diagnosis :
• Data have been gathered from a variety of sources and have been validated
by several means. The data have been recorded, tabulated, analyzed, and
synthesized, so that patterns and trends can be seen. The community
assessment team should present their findings to peers and colleagues and
use their expertise to assist in the formulation of the community diagnoses
• Validation of data ------ analysis -------interpretation ---community
diagnosis
 :‫ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ أن‬
Community diagnosis should:
.‫ وﺣﺪد أي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ذات ﺻﻠﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬، ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻀﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد‬، (‫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧﺔ أو اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ )ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﻄﻮر‬، ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﺾ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬.‫ﻋﺠﺰ‬
ü Include the community response, and identify any related factors that have potential
for change through community health nursing.
ü Include wellness diagnoses, which indicate maintenance or potential change
responses (due to growth and development), when no deficit is present. Community
nursing diagnoses
ü Include statements that are narrow enough to guide interventions, have logical
linkages between community responses and related factors
ü Include factors within the domain of community health nursing intervention.
‫ وﻟﮭﺎ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ واﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬، ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرات ﺿﯿﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼت‬
.‫ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
 PLANNING TO MEET THE HEALTH
NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY
Planning is the logical decision-making process used to design an orderly,
detailed series of actions for accomplishing specific goals and objectives.
‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ ﻟﺘﻠﺒﯿﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
Tools to Assist with Planning :
‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ ھﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘﺮار اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ وﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﺮاءات ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ أھﺪاف‬
• Include objectives and activity descriptions , setting priorities .‫وﻏﺎﯾﺎت ﻣﺤﺪدة‬
:‫أدوات ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ‬
• Conceptual framework and models ‫ وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻷوﻟﻮﯾﺎت‬، ‫ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ اﻷھﺪاف ووﺻﻒ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬

• Systematic approach guides the community health nurse in the development

of a feasible plan that adequately and appropriately addresses the needs of
the community ‫اﻷطﺮ واﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﻤﻔﺎھﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﻨﮭﺞ اﻟﻤﻨﮭﺠﻲ ﻣﻤﺮﺿﺔ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻣﺠﺪﯾﺔ ﺗﻠﺒﻲ اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫وﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
 The Health Planning Process :
::‫اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤ ﻠ ﯿﺔ ا ﻟ ﺘﺨ ﻄ ﯿﻂ‬

The health planning process is a four-stage system used to design

new health-related programs or services in the community.
• 1. Assessment stage ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻦ أرﺑﻊ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
.‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ أو ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
• 2. Analysis and Design ‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ‬.1
• 3. Implementation stage ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ واﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬.2
‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬.3
• 4. Evaluation stage ‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ‬.4
 IMPLEMENTING HEALTH
PROMOTION PLANS FOR THE
COMMUNITY ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﺧﻄﻂ ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
1. Preparation
• The actual course of implementation, outlined in the plan, should be fairly
easy to follow if goals, expected outcomes, and planned actions have been
designed carefully. Professionals and clients should have a clear idea of who,
what, why, when, where, and how. Who will be involved in carrying out the
plan? What are each person’s responsibilities? Do all understand why and
how to do their parts? Do they know when and where activities will occur? ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻀﯿﺮ‬.1
‫ ﺳﮭﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻷھﺪاف واﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬، ‫ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ‬، ‫ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬
‫ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﺤﺘﺮﻓﯿﻦ واﻟﻌﻤﻼء ﻓﻜﺮة واﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻦ وﻣﺎذا وﻟﻤﺎذا وﻣﺘﻰ وأﯾﻦ وﻛﯿﻒ‬.‫واﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺸﺎرك ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ؟ ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺎت ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ؟ ھﻞ ﯾﻔﮭﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻟﻤﺎذا وﻛﯿﻒ ﯾﻔﻌﻠﻮن أﺟﺰاﺋﮭﻢ؟ ھﻞ ﯾﻌﺮﻓﻮن ﻣﺘﻰ وأﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺤﺪث اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ؟‬
2. Activities or Actions
• The process of implementation requires a series of nursing actions or
activities.The nurse applies appropriate theories, such as systems theory or
change theory, to the actions being performed.

‫ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ أو اﻹﺟﺮاءات‬.2
‫ ﺗﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺎت‬.‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﺮاءات أو اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻀﯿﺔ‬
.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬھﺎ‬، ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ أو ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬، ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬
 EVALUATING IMPLEMENTED COMMUNITY HEALTH
IMPROVEMENT PLAN
‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬة‬

Evaluation refers to measuring and judging the effectiveness of goal or

outcome attainment
Types of Evaluations
1.Formative -evaluation is on process during the actual interventions.
2.Summative - evaluation focuses on the outcome of the interventions
‫ﯾﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻗﯿﺎس واﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﮭﺪف أو ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻤﺎت‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ ﯾﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼت‬- ‫ ﻣﻮﺟﺰ‬2 .‫ اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻨﻲ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼت اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯿﺔ‬-1