COMMUNITY SUBTITLE COMES HERE

HEALTH
NURSING II
CHN CONCEPTS:
-DEFINITION
-PHILOSOPHY AND
PRINCIPLES
-FEATURES
CONCEPT OF THE
COMMUNITIES:
-TYPES, CHARACTERISTICS,
AND COMPONENTS
- FACTORS AFFECTING
HEALTH
SUBTITLE OF
COMES HERE THE
COMMUNITY
WHATWILLBETHEMAINSTREAMKNOWLEDGETHATFORMS
THEBASISOFPRACTICEINCOMMUNITYHEALTHNURSING?

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 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After the completion of interactive-discussion, you
will be able to:
• Define community health nursing;
• discuss the philosophy;
• list the principles of CHN;
• explain the features of CHN;
• determine the concept of the community;
• explain the types and components of communities;
• describe the factors affecting the health of the
community; and
• identify the nurse’s roles and activities.

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 COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING

- as promotion of health, prevention of illness,

care of the sick at home and rehabilitation
(Ruth B. Freeman)
“the synthesis of nursing practice and public
health practice applied to promoting and
preserving the health of the specialty area that
encompasses subspecialties that include
public health nursing, school nursing,
occupational health nursing, and other
developing fields of practice, such as home
health, hospice care, and independent nurse
practice. (ANA, 1980)
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 WHAT IS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING?
WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION (WHO)
Special field of nursing that
combines skills of nursing
public health….
Function as part of total public
health programs for:
Promotion of health
Improvement of condition
Rehabilitation of illness and
disability
DR. RUTH B. FREEMAN
CHN is a unique blend of
nursing and public health
practice aimed at developing
and enhancing health
capabilities of people. It is
involved in entire spectrum of
health services for the
community.
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 THE PHILOSOPHY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IS BASED
ON THE WORTH AND DIGNITY OF MAN
SHETLAND)
PRINCIPLES OF CHN
1. Focus on the community as a unit of care.
The nurse’s responsibility is to the
community as a whole.
(DR. MARGARET
2. Give priority to community
needs. The community health
nurse has to “marry” skills in the
nursing process with population-
focused skills.
DETERMINE HEALTH NEEDS
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PRINCIPLES…
3. Work with the community
as an equal partner of the
health team.
Team approach is most
evident in community health
work, and, frequently, the
nurse serve as the liaison
officer of the health team.
4. Emphasis is given on
strategies to promote optimal
health and prevent disease
and disability. Treatment is
necessary component of
programs that control
prevalent communicable
diseases, but treatment is by
itself a measure to control the
spread of the disease to
others.
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 PRINCIPLES….

5. Promote a healthful The health team designs strategies

physical and psychosocial to concentrate on the environmental
environment. determinants of health
(WHO, 2011).

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PRINCIPLES:
6. Reach out to all who may
benefit from the specific service.
The community health nurse
realizes that members of the
community who need a particular
service are the least likely to
actively seek for appropriate help.
HN
7. Promote optimum use of
resources. Limited health
resources is best used for
strategies that will produce
long-term effects, taking
ethical principles into
consideration.
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PRINCIPLES…

8. Collaborate with others For this reason, the nurse has to

working in the community. work with variety of sectors, including
> Health is a product of multiple the community itself, in resolving
determinants. issues that affect health.

NOTE:
COMMUNITY HEALTH
EFFORTS HAVE TO BE
COORDINATED

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 FEATURES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE
POPULATION-FOCUSED
NURSING
Concentrates on specific
groups of people and focuses
on health promotion and
disease prevention, regardless
of geographical location.
Moreover, population-
focused practice:
- Focuses on entire
population
- based on assessment of the
populations’ health status,
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 FEATURES…

Considers the broad Intervenes with communities,

determinants of health, systems, individuals, and
Emphasizes all levels of families
prevention,

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GOAL…

A population focus involves

Thegoalofpopulation- concern for those who do, and for
focusednursingisto those who do not, receive health
promotehealthy services
communities.
INVOLVES SCIENTIFIC
APPROACH

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 CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY
TYPES OF COMMUNITIES

GEOPOLITICAL
Defined or formed by both natural
and man-made boundaries and
include barangays, municipalities,
cities, provinces, regions, and
nations.
Geopolitical communities may also
be called territorial communities.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
Relational interactive groups, in which
the place or setting is more abstract,
and people share a group perspective
or identity based on cultures, values,
history, interests, and goals.
- A community of solution
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 CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH
COMMUNITY
! A shared sense of being a community based on history and
values.
! A general feeling of empowerment and control over matters that
affect the community as a whole.
! Existing structures that allow subgroups within the community to
participate in decision making in community matters.
! The ability to cope with change, solve problems, and manage
conflicts within the community through acceptable means.

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CHARACTERISTICS….
! Open channel of communication and cooperation
among the members of the community.
! Equitable and efficient use of community resources,
with the view towards sustaining natural resources.

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COMPONENTS OF
COMMUNITY
1. THE CORE
REPRESENTS THE PEOPLE THAT
MAKE UP THE COMMUNITY.
EIGHT SUBSYSTEMS OF THE COMMUNITY

HOUSING EDUCATION POLITICS AND

FIRE AND SAFETY
GOVERNMENT
What type of housing
facilities are there in Include laws, Fire protection Political structure
the community? regulations, facilities, facilities and fire present in the
activities affecting prevention activities, community, decision-
Are there enough education, ratio of distribution of these making
housing facilities? health educators to facilities. process/pattern,
Housing laws and learners leadership style
regulations observed

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SUBSYSTEM…..

HEALTH COMMUNICATION ECONOMICS RECREATION

Health facilities and Systems, types of Occupation, types of Recreational

activities, distribution, communication economic activities, activities/facilities;
utilization, ratio of existing, forms of income types, consumers,
providers to clientele communication, be appropriateness
served; priorities in it formal or informal. to consumers.
health programs
developed

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WHAT ARE THE FACTORS AFFECTING
HEALTH OF THE COMMUNITY?

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FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH OF THE COMMUNITY

People
Population variables that affect the health of the community include:
• size
• density
• composition
• rate of growth or decline
• cultural characteristics
• mobility
• social class
• educational level
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FACTORS…..

Location
The health of the community is affected by both natural and man-
made variables related to location
Natural factors consist of geographic features, climate, flora, and
fauna.

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Social System
- Is the patterned series of interrelationships existing between individuals,
groups, and institutions and forming a coherent whole.
- Social system components that affect health include :
Family
economic
educational
communication
political
legal
religious
recreational
health systems

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 ROLES AND ACTIVITIES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSE

Clinician /Direct care provider

• Ensure that health services are provided, not just to individuals
and families but also to groups and population
• Involves certain emphasis different from basic nursing, i.e.-holism,
health promotion, and skills expansion.
• Expanded skills
- physical care skills, skills in observation, listening, communication and
counselling
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ROLE….
Educator
• health teaching is a part of good nursing practice and one of the major
functions of a community health nurse.
• The educator role is especially useful in promoting the public’s health for
at least two reasons.
The educator role:
-Has the potential for finding greater receptivity and providing higher
yield results.
-Is significant because wider audience can be reached.

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ROLE….

Advocate

• The issue of client’s rights is important in health care today. Every

patient or client has the right to receive just equal and humane
treatment.
• Community health nurse often must act as advocate for clients
pleading the cause or acting on behalf of the client group.

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Managerial role

• As a manager the nurse exercises administrative direction

towards the accomplishment of specified goals
Activities includes:
• oversee client care
• supervise ancillary staff
• do case management
• manage caseloads run clinics or conduct community health needs
assessment projects.

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ROLE…
Case management

• Systematic process by which the nurse:

• Assesses clients’ needs
• Plans for and co-ordinates services
• Monitors and evaluates progress to ensure that clients multiple
service needs are met.

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ROLE…

Collaborator

• Work with many people including clients, other nurses, physicians,

social workers and community leaders, therapist, nutritionist,
occupational therapists, epidemiologists, legislators, etc. as a
member of health team.

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ROLE…..

Leader

As a leader:
• Nurse directs
• Influences or persuades others to effect change that will positively
affect people’s health
• Primary function is to effect change; thus, the community health nurse
becomes a agent of change.

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Research role

Community health nurses:

• engage in systematic investigation, collection and analysis of data
for the purpose of solving problems and enhancing community
health practice.
• Search and/or to investigate
• Discover
• Interpret facts

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THANK YOU
NCM-213
FAMORCA, Z.,NIES, M. NAND MCEWAN, M.
(2013). NURSING CARE OF THE COMMUNITY,
A
COMPREHENSIVE TEXT ON COMMUNITY
AND PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES.
ELSEVIER MOSBY